2.1.
Equal acess to quality education
In its efforts to create equal access to comprehensive education, the Finnish
education system stands out in two important areas: special education support and
narrowing the socioeconomic gap.
2.1.1. Special education support
In Finland, special education is seen as a proactive and comprehensive part of the
school system, rather than a reactive measure. About 30% of students receive special
education support throughout their education, including those with learning or behavioral
difficulties or even temporary obstacles ( Demos helsinki 2021). The support system
focuses on early identification and timely intervention, to prevent minor obstacles from
becoming barriers to learning. Teachers are professionally trained to identify learning
needs and work with special education professionals to develop individualized learning
plans. These plans prioritize integration within the regular classroom environment,
ensuring that every student has the opportunity to participate fully and receive the support
they need.
This approach clearly demonstrates Finland’s commitment to equity in education.
The goal is to give every child, regardless of their learning difficulties, the opportunity to
succeed. The model promotes an inclusive educational environment, affirming that
support is provided not only to students with disabilities but also to any student who has a
learning obstacle. Viewing special education as a flexible and adaptive service
contributes significantly to Finland’s overall educational outcomes, as all students are
provided with the resources they need to develop to their full potential. (Pasi Sahlberg
2011)
2.1.2. Low socioeconomic gap
Another notable feature of Finnish education is its focus on reducing
socioeconomic inequality. The Finnish welfare model provides free, high-quality
education from pre-school to higher education, including school meals, transportation,
textbooks, and sometimes even private tutoring for children from low-income
backgrounds. This reduces financial barriers to education and ensures that students from
different financial backgrounds have equal access to educational services and
opportunities.
Funding for Finnish schools is managed at a national level but is distributed equally
between urban and rural areas, minimizing differences in school resources. This approach
ensures that students receive an equal quality of education within their area, minimizing
the gap that often exists between wealthy and less wealthy areas in other countries.
Furthermore, teachers are highly valued and well paid, encouraging talented educators
across the country, contributing to the equitable distribution of educational quality. (Pasi
Sahlberg 2011)
Ultimately, Finland’s commitment to inclusive education and reducing
socioeconomic inequality creates an equitable and fair educational environment for all
students. By focusing on these areas of education, Finland has developed an educational
model that not only promotes academic achievement but also promotes social equity and
well-being, making the country a leading education powerhouse.
2.3. Student centered learning approaches
The Finnish education system exemplifies student-centered learning through three
core practices: focus on personalized instruction, less standardized testing, and creative,
collaborative learning environments.
2.3.1. Focus on personalized
Finnish educators prioritize tailoring the learning experience to each student.
Teachers use flexibility to tailor lessons to the needs of their students, promoting a
personalized and adaptive approach to learning. This flexibility allows students to
develop according to their own needs, promoting deeper engagement in education.
Finnish teacher training is also developed to help educators apply this personalized
approach effectively, because teachers must be highly qualified and trustworthy to make
autonomous decisions in schools. ( Lidija misic 2023)
2.3.2. Less Standardized Testing
Unlike many education systems that rely heavily on entrance exams, Finland
emphasizes continuous, constructive assessment rather than high-stakes testing. National
standardized testing is limited to a single entrance exam at the end of lower secondary
school, with ongoing assessment conducted through teacher observation and informal
assessments. This structure reduces stress and focuses on long-term understanding and
skill development, ensuring a healthy learning environment free from undue stress.
2.3.3. Creative and collaborative learning environment
Finnish classrooms encourage creativity through integrated, case-based learning
that allows students to approach real-world problems from multiple perspectives.
Programs such as the “Creative Classroom” initiative allow students to engage with
multiple disciplines through collaboration, encouraging creative, hands-on activities. This
approach develops critical thinking and teamwork, providing students with flexibility and
creativity. Furthermore, teachers create interactive, project-based courses that give
students both control and guidance as they express their interests in a friendly, inclusive
environment.
