КОНСПЕКТ

Unit 7: Present Perfect (1)

 Формула: Subject + have/has + past participle (III форма дієслова).
 Використання:
1. Дія, пов’язана з теперішнім: I have lost my keys.
2. Досвід: She has visited London.
3. Повторювані дії до тепер: He has been late three times this week.
 Слова-маркери: already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, recently.

Unit 8: Present Perfect (2)

 Порівняння з Past Simple:
o Present Perfect використовується, якщо результат важливий зараз:
I have finished my homework.
o Past Simple використовується для минулих завершених дій: I
finished my homework yesterday.
 Слова-маркери Present Perfect: this week, today, recently (коли період
ще не завершився).

Unit 9: Present Perfect Continuous

 Формула: Subject + have/has + been + verb+ing.
 Використання:
1. Тривалість дій: I have been studying for 3 hours.
2. Дії, що вплинули на теперішнє: She has been crying.
 Слова-маркери: for, since, how long.

Unit 10: Past Perfect

 Формула: Subject + had + past participle (III форма дієслова).
 Використання:
1. Дія, що відбулася перед іншою дією в минулому: When I arrived,
they had already left.
  Слова-маркери: already, before, by the time.

Unit 11: Past Perfect Continuous

 Формула: Subject + had + been + verb+ing.
 Використання:
1. Дії, що тривали до певного моменту в минулому: She had been
working for 2 hours before the meeting started.

Unit 12: Used to

 Формула: Subject + used to + base verb.
 Використання:
1. Звички чи стан, які існували в минулому, але зараз змінилися: I
used to play football when I was younger.

Unit 13: Present Tenses for the Future

 Формули:
1. Present Continuous для запланованих дій: We are meeting
tomorrow.
2. Present Simple для розкладів: The train leaves at 8 p.m.

Unit 14: Future (Will/Shall)

 Will
o Формула: Subject + will + base verb.
o Використання:
1. Спонтанні рішення: I will help you with that.
2. Прогнози: It will rain tomorrow.
3. Пропозиції (з shall): Shall we go out?
 EXCERCISES
7.1
2 Her English has improved.
3 My bag has disappeared.
4 Lisa has broken her leg.
5 The bus fare has gone up.
6 Dan has grown a beard.
7 It’s stopped raining. / It has stopped raining.
8 My sweater has shrunk. / My sweater’s shrunk.
8.2
3 haven’t eaten
4 I haven’t played (it)
5 I’ve had / I have had
6 I haven’t read
7 I’ve never been / I haven’t been
8 it’s happened / it has happened or that’s happened / that has happened
9 I’ve never tried / I haven’t tried or I’ve never eaten / I haven’t eaten
10 ’s been / has been 11 I’ve never seen / I haven’t seen
8.3
2 I haven’t travelled by bus this week.
3 I haven’t been to the cinema recently.
4 I haven’t read a book for ages.
5 I haven’t lost anything today.
9.4
1 Maria has been learning English for two years.
2 Hi, Tom. I have been looking for you. I need to ask you something.
3 Why are you looking at me like that? Stop it!
4 Rachel is a teacher. She has been teaching for ten years.
5 I have been thinking about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice.
6 ‘Is Paul on holiday this week?’ ‘No, he is working.’
7 Sarah is very tired. She has been working very hard recently.
8 It’s dangerous to use your phone when you are driving.
9 Laura has been traveling in South America for the last three months.
10.3
1 Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis?
2 Look! Somebody has broken that window.
3 You look tired. Have you been working hard?
4 Have you ever worked in a factory? ‘No, never.’
5 Where’s Lisa? Where has she gone?
6 This is a very old book. I have had it since I was a child.
7 ‘Have you been busy?’ ‘No, I have been watching TV.’
8 My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films.
9 ‘Sorry I’m late.’ ‘That’s all right. I haven’t been waiting long.’
10 Are you OK? You look as if you have been crying.
11 ‘Is it still raining?’ ‘No, it has stopped.’
12 The children are tired now. They have been playing in the garden.
13 I have lost my phone. Have you seen it?
14 I have been reading the book you lent me, but I haven’t finished it yet. It’s
really interesting.
15 I have read the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.
11.1
2 have you lived
3 It’s raining
4 has been
5 Have you been waiting
6 We’re living
7 I haven’t known
8 She’s
9 have you had
10 I’ve been feeling
12.2
2 How long have you had this car?
3 How long have you been waiting?
4 When did your course start?
5 When did Anna arrive in London?
6 How long have you known each other?
13.1
2 has gone
3 forgot
4 went
5 had
6 has broken
14.3
1 I haven’t been to Canada, but I’d like to go there.
2 Paul and Lucy arrived about ten minutes ago.
3 I’m tired. I didn’t sleep well last night.
4 There was a bus drivers’ strike last week, so there were no buses.
5 Edward worked in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. Now he works as a
gardener.
6 Mary lives in Dublin. She has lived there all her life.
7 My grandfather died before I was born. I never met him.
8 I don’t know Karen’s husband. I have never met him.
9 It’s nearly lunchtime, and I haven’t seen Martin all morning. I wonder where he
is.
10 a: Did you go to the cinema last night?
b: Yes, but the movie was awful.
11 a: It has been very warm here since we arrived.
b: Yes, it was 35 degrees yesterday.
12 a: Where do you live?
b: In Boston.
a: How long have you lived there?
b: Five years.
a: Where did you live before that?
b: In Chicago.
a: And how long did you live in Chicago?
b: Two years.