NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING

PRACTICE

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING BSN 1E RLE CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS

- Mylahrose Jovita N. Acaba, RN,
[TOPIC 1: CLINICAL CONDUCT
MN
AND POLICIES] - Vilma T. Atillo, RN, MN
SCHOOL OF NURSING - Ma. May Amor Bismar, RN
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE - Jackie Lucero, RN
- Jocelyn A. Cataraja, RN, MN
- Sr. Aida T. Frencillo, OP School
POLICIES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
President
- Dr. Ana Julia Enero, Vice President ATTENDANCE
for Academics
- Dr. Sarah Bernadette L. Baleña – 1. ROLL CALL
Dean, School of Nursing 2. REPORTING TO CLINICAL AREA
- Jocelyn A. Cataraja, RN, MN 3. RULES ON EXTENSION
Associate Dean, School of Nursing 4. RULES ON COMPLETION
- Dr. Samuel Migallos, RN - ROLL CALL
coordinator graduate & post
graduate studies - Checking of attendance
- Completeness of Paraphernalia
LEVEL 4 COORDINATORS - Done at 6:30am or 2:30pm
- Ma’am Etta C. Catacutan RN, MN, - Always 30 minutes before duty time.
RTRP – Level 4 Coordinator (MTW) - Presence in the roll call means being
- Rodeliza Faith B. Guillermo, RN, in the place where It is conducted on
MN – Level 4 Coordinator (ThFS) the time specified.

LEVEL 3 COORDINATORS SANCTIONS FOR TARDINESS

- Ma’am Anna Socorro G. Suyko 1. Less than 15 minutes late

RN, MN, RTRP – Level 3 - 1 Reading
Coordinator (MTW)
- Ferdinand Catungal, RN, MN, MD- 2. Over 15 minutes late; Not more than
Level 3 Coordinator – (ThFS) 30 minutes.
- Acknowledged as ‘Present-Absent
LEVEL 2 COORDINATORS - 1 day extension
- Claudette Advincula RN,MN –
3. More than 30 minutes late
Level 2 Coordinator (MTW)
- Lynn Sucuano RN, MN – Level 2 - Present-Absent
Coordinator (ThFS) - Days extension
- Absence slip is not required
LEVEL 1 COORDINATORS
When student accumulates Three (3)
- Mariel Glen Geronan RN, MN, tardiness, this shall be treated as ONE (1)
RTRP – Level 1 Coordinatoor DAY ABSENCE.
(MTW)
- Soraya Jaictin RN, MN, RTRP – The Attention of the students who has been
Level 1 Coordinator (ThFS) frequently tardy shall be called by the
respective instructor

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

EXCUSED ABSENCES TO SECURE AN ABSENCE SLIP

- ILLNESS - Fill up the absence slip
- a medical certificate validated by the - Attach a medical certificate if
school’s physician, and an absent possible or a letter of absence
slip from the nursing coordinator - Medical certificate wherein the
- DEATH student opted to rest at home with
- Single Students – Parents, brothers parents consent and submit a
and sister screen capture of the
- Married Students – Parents Siblings, parent’s\guardian’s ID
husband or wife and children - Submit the accomplished absence
- Death Certificate Should be slip to the LEVEL COODINATOR
Presented. within 3-5 days after the date of
absence.
SCHOOL REPRESENTATION
EXTENSIONS
- Present to the CI the approved
official communication from the - ONLY 8 Hours of duty extension is
Director of OSA at least a day prior allowed in a day and scheduling of
to the activity. extension is made after the
semester ends.
VICTIMS of FIRES, EARTHQUAKES,
- 10 extension days in a semester =
FLOOD, and other CALAMITIES
individual case study
Transport Strike - Excused Absence is - 15 or more days of extension =
made up in a 1:1 Ratio or its equivalent EXCLUDED from the GRADUATION
number of hours. AND PINNING ceremonies

SANCTIONS TO VIOLATIONS IN UNIFORM

ATTENDANCE, UNEXCUSED ABSENCE:
“Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s uniform”
- All other absences not covered in
TYPE A – TO BE WORN IN ALL
the mentioned instances which are GENERAL WARDS
made up in ratio of 1:4
- white dress
Excused Slips must be presented to the CI
- white apron
concerned within Three (3) clinical days of
- open cap
reporting for duty.
- white thick pantyhose cotton
50% ABSENCES stockings
- white rubber nurse's duty shoes
- more of the total number of hours in - caduceus pin
a given clinical rotation would mean - hemline is 2 inches below the knee
a REPEAT of the entire Before
proceeding to the next level. TYPE B – TO BE WORN IN DR AND OR
- blue scrub suit
- white smock gown (protect
underlying uniform)
- Disposable mask

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

- blue closed cap PERSONAL GROOMING

- white socks
- white duty shoes - Ladies are encouraged to wear
light lipstick and blush-on
TYPE C – TO BE WORN IN PEDIA, - Fingernails must be short clean
PSYCHIA, ICU, COMMUNITY, SCHOOL,
and without colored nail polish
GERIATIC and ER
- HAIR: fashion hair dyes shall not
- White long pants be allowed. LADIES – long hair
- Long blouse (covers the buttocks) must be brushed up in a pony tail
(WOMEN) so they may not touch the collar.
- Round Necked Top WHITE (MEN) Black hair clips should be used to
- Rubber White duty shoes hold together the long hair. Bangs
- Plain white socks
should not cover the eyes.
GENTLEMEN UNIFORM Ribbons, headbands, etc. Are not
- Only white unprinted undershirt should be allowed.
worn under the top.
- No way shall show from neckline or MALE Students are expected to sport
sleeves the gentlemen’s haircut (2x3)

SANCTION FOR CLINICAL - Shoes should always be clean

UNIFORMS and milky white
- The use of non-scented
A. 1 journal reading the next day. underarm deodorant
B. JEWELRY = Incident report and one day
antiperspirant is encouraged.
extension.
C. Married Students are allowed to wear Strong scented perfume is not allowed
their wedding bonds
Body tattoos are not acceptable (both)
GADGETS
ONE day extension per day with
- Students are allowed to use their OFFENSE
CPs During RLE only for the
purposes of doing search, HEALTH
research about patient diagnosis, - All students are required to
drugs, and case-related topics undergo the yearly physical and
SANCTIONS OF OFFENSES dental examinations including
(GADGETS) CBC, STOOL and URINE, CXR
and HEPATITIS SCREENING
- Confiscation of ID TEST
- Submission of INCIDENTAL
REPORT within 24 hours BREAKAGES AND DAMAGES
- Extension of ONE day Clinical - Students will be held liable for
duty damage they incur in the clinical
area such as: wastage of

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

medications intravenous fluids care team.

supplies and the like.
3. Gross Dishonesty
CLINICAL DISCIPLINE
- Cheating, Forgery, and Fabrication.
- Recommend inclusion of
4. Stealing
necessary rules and regulations
in the clinical area 5. Medication Error and
- Update the procedure of dealing Documentation.
with minor and major infractions
of rules and regulations. 6. Drunkenness
- Investigate infractions in clinical - No drinking 24 hours before duty.
areas and impose appropriate
sanction 7. Smoking
- Set the schedule of hearing with - Vices within 50 meters from the
involved students
vicinity is strictly prohibited.
Any offense or violation of the rules and
regulations must be reported in writing 8. Illegal use of prohibited drugs.
within 24 hours of the incident 9. Gambling
The student is required to submit four - Virtual or Physical gambling.
(4) copies of written letter of explanation
relating to the fact of incident. 10. Assaulting

Minor offenses the CI imposes the 11. Bringing of Deadly weapons.

appropriate sanctions 12. Gross Misconduct
Major offenses the cases should be - Hazing as an example.
referred by the CI concerned to the
committee on clinical conduct. 13. Seduction
- Persuading or enticing patients,
MAJOR OFFENSES
watchers, classmates, hospital or school
1. Relationships personal to indulge into sexual activity

- Any form of PDA is not allowed. 14. Immorality

2. Abusive Behavior - sleeping with anyone in the health

- Calling somebody foul names, care team.

threatening, and abusing power. 15. Vandalism

Discourtesy - such as defacement and tearing of

reading materials.
- Impolite towards the health
16. Insubordination

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

- Not Following Instructions. 5. Sleeping or lying on the patient's

bed
17. Cutting of duty hours 6. Staying in dark places with another
person.
18. Leaving the ward/ clinical area
7. Using of Gadgets on duty
without permission
8. Studying while on duty
19. Incorrigibility 9. Extending break times coffee break
(20mins) meal breaks (over
- Avoiding sanctions 40minutes)
20. Non Appearance before the SANCTION FOR MINOR OFFENSES
Committee
A. Warning
- on Clinical Conduct or refusal to see B. Oral reprimand
the Chair of the committee for C. Oral or written apology
scheduling of investigation. REQUIREMENTS
14 SANCTIONS OF MAJOR 1. Students are required to attend
OFFENSES orientation/skill lab scheduled by the
level coordinator
A. Oral or Written Apology
2. Clearance from the previous
B. Invalidation of ward assignment should be submitted to
requirements the CI of the new assignment of the
C. Extension 1st day of the clinical experience.
D. Suspension from clinic 3. Students are required to bring the
E. Repetition of Rotation following paraphernalia during roll
F. Return Demonstration call.
G. Decapping
PARAPHERNALIA
H. Research Study
I. Close Supervision a. Ballpens
J. Repetition of the clinical a. Black – 7am to 3pm shift
experience in the clinical area b. Blue — 3pm to 11pm shift
c. Red — 11pm to 7am shift
where theincident took place
b. Bandage
K. Payment of the actual
c. Thermometer
damageincurred in the area or at d. Nail Cutter
school e. Stethoscope
L. Exclusion f. Sphygmomanometer
M. Conference with parents and g. Penlight
guidance counselors. h. Medication glass, Tray, and
Booklet
MINOR OFFENSES i. Jot down notebook (OR,DR)
1. Shouting j. Ward Notebook
2. Arrogance k. Exhibit Notebooks
3. Loitering l. Checklist of procedure
4. Wearing of uniform in public places m. Umbrella for CHN

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

SANCTION FOR INCOMPLETE

PARAPHERNALIA
a. Reading
b. 1 Day Extension
c. Submit a study on drugs
d. Submit a Nursing Care Plan (NCP)
e. Submit a Case Study or Case
Analysis

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

[TOPIC 2: COMMUNICATION] CHANNEL

Communication - Any medium through which the
message is transmitted.
- Any means of exchanging
a. Visual
information or feelings between
two or more people. - sight, observation, and perception.
- A basic component of human
b. Auditory
relationship.
- Can be verbal or non verbal. - hearing, listening
Main Purpose of Communication c. Kinesthetic
1. Influence others - Procedural or caring touch
2. Obtain information
RECEIVER
5 COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATION - Also known as the “Decoder”
- Recipient of the message.
~
1. Sender/Encoder - Listens, observers, and interprets
-
2. Message the given information.
-
3. Channel
-
4. Receiver/Decoder Decoding - to sort out the message’s
5. Feedback meaning. Depends on one's knowledge,
experience, and sociocultural
SENDER background.
- Also called as the “Encoder” FEEDBACK
- A person conveying a message.
- A.k.a Response
Encoding - refers to the usage of - The message returned by the
symbols and signs in communicating. decoder.
- Can be verbal or non verbal.
Nurses 2 language levels in
communicating: MODES OF COMMUNICATION
1. Layman’s 1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
- Using simple words the patient 2. NONVERBAL
can understand right away. COMMUNICATION
2. Health Professionals 3. ELECTRONIC
- Usage of medical terms for health COMMUNICATION
care.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
MESSAGE
- uses spoken or written word
- What is actually said or written.
Factors to consider:
1. Pace and Intonation

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

2. Simplicity e. “How may I help you?”

3. Clarity and Brevity
When someone is looking for
4. Timing and Relevance
somebody:
5. Adaptability
6. Credibility - “May I know who’s calling?...just
7. Humor a minute ms./mr.”
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION When the person they’re looking for is
out:
- Messages expressed through body
- “Sorry they’re not in, would you
language
like to leave a message?”
Factors to consider: - Remember to write down the
message on the jotdown
1. Personal Appearance
notebook and relay it to the
2. Posture and Gait
recipient once they are already
3. Facial Expression
on duty.
4. Gestures
Once the conversation is coming to an
PATIENT’S CALL
end, send gratifications and wait for
Key points: them to end the call

1. Keep alert for a patient's call or - “Is that all? Thank you, Good
bell. bye.”
2. Go IMMEDIATELY to the patient’s
Points to remember:
bedside.
3. Do the think the patient asks if - Length/Duration of call
you’re sure it - Do not use the telephone for
1. is right and safe for the patient. personal use, Answer with a well
4. Go at once to the CI or modulated voice and in a
Headnurse if the courteous manner
2. request is something you can not - Answer ward phone promptly
do.
Points when bringing personal phones
5. Place signal cord within reach.
6. Leave the patient comfortable - Turn off or place in silent mode in
and satisfied. order not to disturb patients.
- Do not send messages while on
HOW TO ANSWER THE PHONE?
duty Answer only emergency
State the following: calls
- Never beside a patient
a. Hospital
- Limit it to 3 minutes maximum
b. Ward
c. Name
d. Position

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

[TOPIC 3: WHAT IS NURSING & ROLE 3. Committed to promoting individual,

OF THE NURSE] family, community, and national health
goals in the best manner possible
3 Components of Nursing
4. Committed to involvement in ethical,
1. Science - systematic
legal, and political issues in the delivery
application of scientific
of healthcare.
knowledge
2. Art - skills and proficiency 5. Utilizes research to improve the
3. Profession quality of human life.
- "The act of utilizing the ROLE OF THE NURSES
ENVIRONMENT of the patient to assist
1. THERAPEUTIC ROLE
him in his recovery."
- A "healing" or "curative" role
- To assist the individual, sick or well, in
- Utilizes physical, psychological,
the performance of those activities
and interpersonal techniques to
contributing to health that he would
facilitate the natural process of
perform unaided if he had the necessary
healing.
strength, will, or knowledge.
2. CARING ROLE
NURSING CHARACTERISTICS
- A "comforting" role
Nursing today is:
- Chief goal is to provide support
a. Caring through attitudes and actions to
b. Client-Centered show concern for patient welfare
c.
d.
Holistic
Adaptive -
C
as a whole and not as a chart.
Relieves stress, anxiety,
e. Art diminishes pain, and restores a
f. Science sense of well-being.
g. Helping - The mothering behaviors in
nursing.
1. Nursing is caring
COMMUNICATING ROLE
- Involves close, personal contact
with the recipient of care - Integral to all nursing roles
concerned withservices that - Collects, informs, conveys, and
considers man as a multi-facet - influences others.
being - Nurses must be able to
- communicate clearly and
2. Committed to personalized services
accurately.
for all persons without regard to color,
creed, or socio-economic status

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

4. TEACHING ROLE 10. COUNSELOR ROLE

- Imparting information and - Helps clients to recognize and
reinforcing change in the cope with problems.
behavior of the client Include: - Nurses help clients to be aware
- Assessing learning of their feelings and deal with
needs &readiness them in a constructive manner.
- Set learning goals
11. LEADERSHIP ROLE
- Enacts learning
strategies - A nurse influences others to work
- Measures learning together to accomplish a specific
goal. Patients look up to nurses
5. PLANNING ROLE
as authorities on the care they
- Use during the entire phases of receive.
nursing care a nurse plan with
patients, their families, and LEVELS:
members of the healthcare team. - Clientele/Individuals
- Families
6. COORDINATION ROLE
- Community
- Vital to achieve high-quality care
12. ADMINISTRATIVE ROLE
with efficient communication
among the team members. - A nurse must see to it that
nursing services are organized,
7. PROTECTING ROLE
coordinated, & dispensed
- Ensures the safety of the patients appropriately.
from injury or complications.
13. PATIENT ADVOCATE ROLE
8. REHABILITATING ROLE
- Nurses represent the patient’s
- Any activities which maximize the needs to other health
patient's remaining potentials or professionals by relaying it to
capabilities. (i.e., teaching the them.
use of assistive devices). - Nurses assist clients to speak for
themselves.
9. SOCIALIZING ROLE
- For those patients far from their
families, nurses may engage in
enjoyable, carefree, and
therapeutic conversation to
distract them from their illness.

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

[TOPIC 4: MAINTAINING A GOOD 4. Obtaining enough sleep for 6-8

PERSONAL HYGIENE] hours!
5. Remember what foods that are
WHAT IS HYGIENE
essential for good health.
- It is the self-care by which people 6. Have sufficient water about 6-8
attend to such functions such as glasses daily.
bathing. Toileting and general 7. If overweight/underweight,
body hygiene. consult the problem with your
health care provider or to your
GENERAL BODY HYGIENE family doctor.
INVOLVES THE CARE OF: 8. Bath daily for health and social
1. SKIN reasons.
2. HAIR HYGIENE 9. Facial care is important, making
3. NAIR CARE use of mild soap and skin
4. ORAL CARE cleanser.
5. NASAL CAVITY CARE 10. Have a daily mouth care at least
6. EAR HYGIENE three times a day.
7. PERINEAL GENITAL AREA 11. Shampoo hair regularly and
frequently
HOW TO MAINTAIN GOOD 12. Give Special attention to the
PERSONAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE hands.
1. Accept your responsibility to 13. Wash hands thoroughly
yourself and others to keep as throughout the day
healthy as possible especially in 14. Keep Fingernails cleaned and
dealing with sick people. trimmed.
2. Keeping in good health requires 15. Take excellent care of your feet.
daily attention to health need. 16. Check your posture; if there
3. Have a well-balanced meal! seems to be a problem, consult
o Protein – meats, fish, with the health care provider.
poultry, nuts, beans, milk; 17. Try to keep an even, keen,
- body used to grow and emotion.
make repairs 18. Become interested in some
o Carbohydrate – Such as types of sports or hobby that
bread, cereal, rice, gives you pleasure.
potatoes, sugar. 19. Keep an open mind always.
o Fats – such as butter,
cream, oils, fatty meats.
o Fiber – contained in
whole grains (FRUITS).

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

[TOPIC 5: ADMISSION] - Has spoken, to or seen the doctor,

- Administrative process that covers who feels the need that the client
the period from the time the patient should be admitted.
enters the facility to the time the
patient is settled in a room. HOSPITAL TEAM
DISCHARGE
1. Medical Staff
- The official procedure for helping - Doctors/specialist, medical students
patients to leave the health care
institution, including teaching them (interns,clerks)
how to care for themselves at home a. House Case - on deck physician;
- Termination of care from a health
whichever doctor is in is immediately
care agency
referred to a patient.
TYPES OF ADMISSION
b. Private Case - Patients have their
1. Elective Admission own private doctor attending to their
- May be delayed until the time is needs.
convenient for both the doctor and
the patient. 2. Nursing Staffs - Includes Head
2. Emergency Admission Nurses, Student nurses, and
- Occurs in the emergency Nursing Aids
department. 3. Social Services - Financial Aids,
- The client may be admitted to a Government support, DSWD
floor, a specialized unit, or a holding 4. Ancillary Services - Other
(observation) unit. departments in the hospital:
Pharmacy, Radiology Laboratory,
Same-day Surgery/Ambulatory Surgery
Dietitians, Maintenance, etc.
- The doctor will schedule a procedure 5. Spiritual Services - Religious
that will be performed at the hospital. community: Priest & nuns.
- The client will be discharged home
the same day after the procedure. ADMISSION PROCEDURE
3. Direct Admission
- Depends on the policy of the
- Client does not feel well and goes
healthcare facility
for a check-up resulting in getting
- Some healthcare facilities, patient is
advised for admission.
taken directly to the room, where the
actual admission process begins.

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

- Most large facilities start the 1. Patient’s Data Sheet

admission process in the admitting 2. Clinical History - Filled up by
office. residents/interns/clerks
1. Preliminary Interview - To obtain 3. Admitting Notes Page
medical and financial information. - 4. Laboratory Results - Previous
Family must be with the patient for results are pasted at the bottom.
the interview. 5. Graphic Chart Page - TPR
2. ID Bracelet - Used to identify what (Temperature, Pulse, and
the patient is admitted for Respiratory rate). - Recorded
a. Violet – DNR weight. Activity, diet, urine, and stool.
b. Red - Allergy
- Filled up by the nurses.
c. Yellow - Fall risk
d. Pink - Limb Alert 6. Vital Signs Sheet a. BP - Blood
e. Green - Latex Allergy
Pressure b. PR - Pulse Rate c. RR -
3. Complete Admission Checklist. Respiratory Rate
4. Fill in the date and time of 7. Medical Order - A doctor’s page -
admission. Verbal orders are written in this
5. Note the method of admission. section - Countersigned by the
6. Observe unusual conditions. requesting physician before
7. Record the chief complaint of the ordering.
patient. 8. Intravenous Fluid Sheet (IVF
8. When writing, be brief but write Sheet) - Records about the IVF start
legibly up, follow, administration, and
termination.
PATIENT’S CHART 9. Medication Sheet - Documentation
- Database of drugs - Pen color according to
- The one source the health care team shift.
needs to achieve the goal of 10. Nurses Notes - Recording of the
returning the ADL (activities of daily nurse throughout the patient’s stay. -
living) of the patient. “If not documented then it did not
- Includes previous and current happened”
medical conditions. 11. Discharge Summary - a.k.a Clinical
- Used to document and communicate Summary (ClinSum)
among the health care team.

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

12. Serial HGB and Platelet - Greet each patient in a friendly,

monitoring cheerful manner.
13. Consultation Report Page - Introduce yourself and take the
(Referral) patient to their room.
14. Consent for Surgery ADMISSION PROCEDURE
15. Consent for admission to ICU A. Before a patient is admitted, make
16. Hourly Vital Signs and I/O sheet sure the room is ready for his/her
17. Consent for restraint applications arrival.
18. Consent for chemotherapy 1. Check necessary equipment
19. DNR Form a. Admission checklist
20. Doctor’s Fee - Change slip or b. Pen or pencil
summary of services. c. Gown or pajamas (if the patient is to
21. AMA Form be put to bed)
22. Insulin Sheet PARAPHERNALIA
KEY POINTS IN ADMISSION 1. Portable scale
a. Help patients adjust to the health 2. Thermometer
care facility 3. Sphygmomanometer
- every patient admitted is nervous 4. Stethoscope
b. Admission may be temporary or 5. Envelope for the patient's valuables
permanent
- Temporary: Surgery SPECIAL AREAS
- Permanent: Hostice/Life Support 1. ICU - Intensive Care Unit - Requires
c. Causes many changes in their close nursing care
lifestyle 2. CCU - Coronary care unit
- Confusion or disorientation 3. Surgical intensive care unit
- Feels no control of their life 4. Pediatric intensive care unit - For
- Feels powerless and completely children
dependent. 5. Neonatal intensive care unit - For
d. Greeting the patients newborns
- The patient's first impression of the 6. Surgery floor - Post and
facility will depend on how he/she is Preoperatives
greeted. 7. Medical floor - Patients with
medical conditions.

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

8. Neurological or neurosurgery unit c. Signs of weakness

- Brain d. Any prosthesis
9. Oncology unit - Cancer e. Other physical complaint the patient
10. Orthopedic unit – Bones may have

B. Help the patient become familiar E. Record vital signs.

with the new surroundings
F. Ask about previous
1. Explain the facility's policy on hospitalizations, allergies, or
diseases other than the one for
visitors.
which the patient is being
2. Demonstrate how to use: admitted.
- Intercom And Signal Cord System
- Remote Control for Television G. Records taken during admission
should be thorough with as much
- Automatic Bed Controls
pertinent information about the
3. Tell the patient when meals are patient as possible.
served
In acute care hospitals, the
4. Answer any questions he/she has
patient must provide urine
about daily routine.
specimen.
C. Screen or curtain off the bed or
a. Assist the patient to the
close the door to a private room.
bathroom, or offer the bedpan or
a. Ask the patient to put on a hospital
urinal as needed.
gown, or a gown or pajamas brought
b. Collect the urine specimen from
from home.
the patient, and replace the cap.
b. Assist the patient as needed.
c. Label the specimen with the
c. If the patient wants a family member
patient's name, doctor's name, and
to be present, invite the person in.
room number, and send it to the
D. Assess the patient's general
laboratory along with the requisition
physical condition, appearance,
for the admission urine test.
and behavior as the admission
d. Always wash your hands after
process is continued.
handling urine specimens
1. Observe the patient for unusual
conditions H. Make the patient comfortable
a. Cuts or bruises
b. Loss of function

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

a. If the patient is ambulatory, he/she c. Sometimes the nursing staff will

may wish to sit up and visit with transfer a patient closer to the
family members. nursing station where the
b. In an acute care hospital, the patient's condition can be
patient is put to bed. supervised more closely.
c. Raise the side rails if the nursing d. The patient may also be
supervisor orders it. transferred if the room location
d. Give the patient water if it is or equipment in the room is
allowed. needed for a more critically ill
e. Make sure the patient can reach patient.
the signal cord and anything else
he/she might need while you are not NURSES’ RESPONSIBILITIES
in the room.
f. Remove the screen or curtains 1. MAKE
- Make sure all the patient's
surrounding the patient or open the belongings are transferred with
door so others will know you are him/her.
2. COLLECT
finished. - Collect the belongings and any
g. Tell family members they may equipment that will be moved.
3. CHECK
return to the patient's room - CK - Check with the nursing
TRANSFERRING THE PATIENT supervisor before moving any
equipment to another floor.
A patient may be transferred from one room - Check drawers, closets, tables,
windowsills, the bathroom, and the
to another within the healthcare facility for
bed covers for articles that might be
several reasons. forgotten.
1. K
1. Sometimes the transfer is made at
2. The nurse will collect the patient's
the patient's request. chart and medicines.
3. The ward clerk will make the
2. Medical staff may also request it.
necessary changes in the patients
a. The physician may request the records, billing charges, and other
forms.
patient be transferred from one
4. Post the transfer on the patient's
level of nursing care to another. chart.
- Include the time
b. Transferred onto a regular
- Room numbers transferred from
medical floor when his/her and to
- The reason for the transfer
condition improves.
- The patient's attitude toward the
move should also be charted.

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

DISCHARGE CHART THE PATIENT’S DISCHARGE

- Termination of care from a health
A. The date and time the patient was
care agency. The doctor plans the
discharged.
discharge with the patient and
B. Any special instructions,
leaves up a written order on the
medications, the patient have to
patient's chart.
continue after discharge.
NURSES’ RESPONSIBILITES
C. A notation should also be made on
- The nurse makes sure the discharge
the chart that the patient's personal
order has been written by the doctor.
belongings were sent with the
- The nurse will then make the
patient.
necessary arrangements with other
METHOD
departments to prepare for the
M - Medications
patient's discharge.
E - Environment/Exercise
- The nurse will also make sure the
T - Treatment
patient has been given - instructions
H- Hygiene
by the doctor for home care and
O - Outpatient Referral
understands the instructions:
D – Diet
a. Taking medications
b. Exercise programs
AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE (AMA)
c. Physical therapy
- The patient leaves prior to
d. Changing dressings
obtaining a written order. The
e. Giving injections
nurse requests the patient to sign
f. Respiratory treatments that will
be continued at home the form.
If possible, the nurse will give the patient a
written copy of the instructions, such as a
copy of the diet or an appointment card for a
return visit to the doctor.
The family must be notified of the patient's
discharge time so they can make
arrangements for transportation.

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

TOPIC 6: BODY MECHANICS Sensory Receptors in charge of the body’s

balance:
- A nurse response to a safe client 1. Labyrinth in the ear
case. 2. Vision
3. Stretch Receptors
Practiced to use the body:
1. Efficiently
2. Coordinately COORDINATED MOVEMENT
3. (and when) moving an object - A balanced, smooth, and purposeful body
movement.
Back pain
- Most common injury in the nursing field. A. Cerebral Cortex
- Include voluntary motor
Good posture and movements
A Alignment
neutral position. such as walking, talking, or lifting.
B Balance Wide base support. B. Cerebellum
Coordinated Balanced, smooth, and - Controls involuntary movement,
C
body movement purposeful movements. coordination, equilibrium, and
posture.
MOBILITY C. Basal Ganglia
- Ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, - Maintains posture
and purposefully in the environment.
- Vital to Independence
BODY MECHANICS
- The coordinated use of the body parts to
JOINT MOBILITY
produce motion and maintain equilibrium in
- Joints are areas where two or more bones
relation to the skeletal, muscular, and
meet.
visceral systems and their neurological
- SARCOMERE is the functional unit of the
association.
musculoskeletal system.
- Muscles are categorized according to the PURPOSE
type of joint movement they provide.
1. Maintain good posture
2. Promote good physiological
ALIGNMENT AND POSTURE functions of the body.
- Promotes optimal balance and maximal 3. Use the body correctly and to
body function. maintain its
effectiveness.
4. Prevent injury or limitation of the
BALANCE movement of the musculoskeletal
- Ability to maintain postural equilibrium. system.

HOW TO MAINTAIN BALANCE?

- The line of gravity (log) must pass through
the center of gravity of the base of support.

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS - Head and trunk as standing

- Feet flat on the floor
1. The wider the base of support, the
greater the stability of the nurse. BODY MOVEMENT
2. The lower the center of gravity, the
greater the stability of the nurse. - Proper alignment and balance
3. The equilibrium of an object is Working area must be waist level
maintained Keep body close to area of work Use
as long as the line of gravity passes body weight to pull or push objects
through its base of support.
4. Facing the direction of movement BODY LIFTING
prevents abnormal twisting of the
spine. - COG (center of gravity) must be
5. Dividing balanced activity between lowered and centered over the base of
the arms and legs reduces the risk support.
of injury. - Do not work against gravity
6. Leverage, rolling, or pivoting - Squat rather than soop.
requires less work than lifting.
7. When friction is reduced between AREAS OF APPLICATION
the object to be moved and the 1. Standing
surface on which it is moved, less 2. Sitting
force is required to move it. 3. Body Movement
8. Reducing the force of work reduces 4. Assisting a patient to move up
the risk of injury. in bed
9. Maintaining good body mechanics 5. Log rolling the patient
reduces fatigue of the muscle 6. Transferring a patient from
groups. bed to chair.
10. Alternate periods of rest and 7. Transferring a patient from
activities helps to reduce fatigue bed to stretcher.
For semi-helpless or immobilized
11. Get help whenever possible rule: If
patients
the patient be lifted is more than 50
a) Use a lifting belt to assist the
pounds, ask for help to do a 4-man patient.
carry or 6-man carry. b) Avoid dragging the patient in
12. Ask the patient to help if able. an upward motion to avoid
13. Pulling action requires less effort getting their skin pinched by
than pushing or lifting. the belt.
DRAGGING
GOOD POSTURE - Can cause shearing and damage
on the skin or underlying tissues.
STANDING
LOG-ROLLING
- Keep feet 3 to 4 inches apart for a wider
 Used to turn a patient who
base. has a spinal cord injury.
- Have an equal weight of distribution.
SITTING BED to WHEELCHAIR
 Enables the nurses to change
- Buttocks against the chair
his surroundings as well as
- Hips and knees are flexed
position.

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

BED to STRETCHER MICROORGANISMS

 At least two nurses are
 Microscopic entities
required to transfer the
 Infectious agent
patient from the bed to the
stretcher.
Pathogenic
 Transfer the patient using a
- From the Greek word ‘Patho’
lifting sheet/linen.
which means it can kill or
cause illnesses.
POSTURAL DEFORMITIES Nonpathogenic
1. Kyphosis - Friendly microorganisms.
 An abnormal increase
in normal kyphotic VARIED CHARACTERISTICS
curvature of
the thoracic spine. 1. Virulence
2. Scoliosis  The damages it
 A lateral (sideways) causes.
curvature. 2. Severity of disease they produce
3. Lordosis 3. Degree of communicability
 Abnormal increase in
normal lordotic COMMONRESIDENT
curvature of MICROORGANISMS
the lumbar spine 1. Staphylococcus Epidermidis -
skin
SAFETY CONDITIONS 2. Propionibacterium acnes -
acne
1. Shearing
3. Staphylococcus aureus -
 Friction causes skin to
from dirt
break down.
4. Streptococcus pneumoniae -
2. Body Alignment
pneumonia
 Relieves strain
5. Lactobacillus - a normal flora
 Promotes good heart
6. Fusobacterium - oral
and lungs
7. Clostridium - intestine
 Reduces pressure
8. Candida Albicans – genital
ulcer

INFECTION
ASEPSIS  Invasion by microorganisms

O
TYPES AND STAGES
A = Absence “Absence
1. Asymptomatic or
of Subclinical stage
Infection”  There are no clinical
Sepsis = Infection
signs and symptoms
Asepsis is the freedom from disease-causing 2. Disease
microorganisms.  Clinical
 Detectable alterations

PATHOGENICITY
 An ability to produce disease.

FROM BSN 1E
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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

PATHOGENS  To destroy microorganisms including


Microorganisms that cause spores
illness. 1. Sterile
1. True Pathogen 2. Unsterile
 Targets healthy
individuals. CHAIN OF INFECTION
2. Opportunistic Pathogen
Targets only susceptible
individuals.
1. Newborns
2. Infants
3. Elderly
4. Immunocompr
omised
patients.
5. Clients having
underlying
diseases.
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
 Acquired in the hospital and
health care services.
 It can either develop during 1. Etiologic Agent (Pathogen)
the patient's stay or once they  Infective dose,
get home. pathogenicity,
invasiveness
Common affected sites:  Articles are correctly
1. Urinary tract = UTI cleaned
2. Respiratory tract = = Disinfection and
Pneumonia sterilization
3. Bloodstream 2. Reservoir (Source)
4. Open wounds  Dressing and
bandages
TYPES OF ASEPSIS  Fluid containers,
1. Medical Asepsis feces, and urine
 To confine = Skin and oral care
microorganisms 3. Portal of exit
 To limit the number  Talking, Coughing,
 To limit its growth and Sneezing over open
transmission wounds
A. Clean Asepsis = Cover mouth
 Absence of potentially infectious 4. Methods of Transmission
agents.  Handwashing gowns,
B. Dirty Asepsis solid materials,
 Denotes likely the presence of bedspan handling.
disease. = Wear mask and faceshield
5. Portal of Entry
1. Surgical Asepsis  Handling open
 Sterile Technique wounds
 Free of all microorganisms = Handwashing and sterilization

FROM BSN 1E
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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

6. Susceptible Host 4 FAUCET TYPES

 Too young, weak, W1. Knee lever faucet
and ill -2. Foot pedal faucet
= Hand hygiene, nutrition -3. Hand-operated faucet
test, immunizations, and -4. Long-lever faucet
wearing of PPE.
HOSPITAL BED MAKING
DISINFECTION AND  The client’s ability to rest and
STERILIZATION sleep depends on how
DISINFECTANT comfortable they are in bed.
 Chemical preparation either  Providing a safe and
phenol or iodine compounds. comfortable bed for the
ANTISEPTIC patient.
 Chemicals that can be used LINEN CHANGE
on the skin.
 Supporting a hygienic
environment.
4 METHODS OF STERILIZATION
1. Environment - Age,
1. Moist Heat - Hotter than 100°
②
2. Gas - Ethylene oxide gas
3. Boiling Water - For materials
2. Room Temperature - 20 to 30°c is advised.
3. Ventilation - allowing proper air distribution
in and out of the room.
sensitive to chemicals.
4. Radiation - For materials
PREREQUISITES:
sensitive to heat.
1. Principle of Handwashing.
2. Principle of Body Mechanics.
HANDWASHING 3. Turning a client on his side.
 Most effective way to help 4. Toward the head of the bed.
prevent the spread of 5. Knowing the type of hospital
microorganisms. bed.
 Effective hand washing HOSPITAL BEDS
requires 10 to 30 seconds of
COMMON SIZE:
vigorous washing.
Height: 66cm (26 in)
Width: 0.9m (3 ft)
5 MOMENTS OF HAND HYGIENE
Length: 1.9m (6.6 ft)
1. Before touching a patient
2. Before a procedure
STANDARD EQUIPMENTS
3. After a procedure or body
1. Mattress
fluid exposure risk
 Have inner springs for
4. After touching a patient
support.
5. After touching a patient’s
 Covered with a water
surrounding
repellent material.
7 EQUIPMENTS NEEDED
1. Liquid or bar soap
2. Side Rails or Safety Sides
2. Hand towel or paper towel
 A standard bed piece.
3. Sink with running water
 Used in both beds and
4. Trash can
stretchers.
5. Tissue paper
6. Towel
7. Lotion (optional)

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

3. Hand Cranks gravity pulls the body

 To raise the head, backwards.
knee, and feet. 1. Semi Fowler’s Position (45%)
 Assists positioning  30 to 40 degrees inclination
 2 cranks and 3
cranks 2. Fowler’s Position (90%)
4. Wheel Locks
 Prevents the bed from 3. High Fowler’s Position (95%)
moving  60 to 90 degrees inclination

5. Client Signal 4. Trendelenburg

 Buzzer  Bed is inclined. The
 Must be within reach patient’s feet are
 Instruct the patient higher than the
when and how to use patient's head.
it.  For patients with
GETTING READY TO head, chest, and
respiratory distress.
REPOSITION PATIENT 5. Reverse Trendelenburg
1. Wash your hands  The patient’s head is
2. Gather all the supplies higher than the
3. Knock before entering patient's feet.
4. Introduce yourself (Name and position)  For proper arterial
5. Identify the patient circulation on the leg.
6. Explain the procedure 6. Hyperextension
7. Provide Privacy  Head and feet are
8. See to safety lowered by 15°
 Wheels are locked  Used on patients with
 Plan how to reposition fractures.
 Know your limitations and
restrictions
CONCEPTS IN BED MAKING
 Linen that has been soiled
5 REASONS WHY PATIENTS ARE harbors microorganisms that
REPOSITIONED can be transmitted to others
1. Recovery directly.
2. Immobility  Soiled linen is never shaken
3. Injury in the air.
4. Too weak  Placed in a portable hamper.
5. Too ill  Strip and make bed one at a
time.
BED POSITIONS  Gather all the linen before
1. Flat starting.
 Patent is lying down  Do medical handwashing
flat on his back. before making a bed.
2. Fowler’s  Observe proper body
 Patient is sitting with mechanics.
their back inclined.  Linen must be smooth and
 Convenient for eating wrinkle free to avoid
and reading since decubitus ulcer or bed sores.

FROM BSN 1E
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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

IMPROPER BED MAKING LEADS TO: 3. OB Bed

- Excessively wrinkled linen → Stimulates  Obstetrical bed
rubbing of skin → Skin layers separate or  For women with
crack → Fluid accumulation in the area → reproductive or
Blister formation → Continuous Rubbing or vaginal concerns and
Friction → Skin breakdown → Entry of mothers who
microorganisms → Infection or bedsores. underwent giving
birth.
~
PRESSURE ULCERS
 Bedsores
4. Post-op Bed
 Clients who
~Resulted from prolonged underwent surgery.
pressure on the underlying
tissue when lying down.
~ 
ROTS - Right side Outside Top Sheet
- To prevent pressure ulcers, -
RIBS - Right side Inside Bottom Sheet
the patient must be
repositioned
2 hours on one side
2 hours supine/prone
2 hours on the opposite side

Areas susceptible to ulceration:

1. Areas over bony
prominence
1. Hips
2. Ankle
3. Knee
4. Shoulder
2. Buttocks

CONTRACTIONS
~Muscle contractions due to
loss of calcium in bones from
lying down too much.

TYPES OF BED MAKING

1. Unoccupied Bed
w  Patient is yet to be
admitted
 Preparing the bed
~2. Occupied Bed
 Bed is retained by a
patient.
w
A. Close bed
- Patient is not on the bed, they may still
~
be having examinations.
B. Open bed
- Patient is making use of the bed.

FROM BSN 1E
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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

[TOPIC 7 HOSPITAL HOUSE 3. Report damaged furniture to the

KEEPING] carpentry shop.
4. Place suitable dish or container
- It is to create a peaceful, infection under each flower vase or pot.
free, and pleasant atmosphere 5. When spilled something on the
required for the speedy recovery of furniture, cleanse immediately
the patients. 6. Use mild soap solution to wash the
Nurses’ Responsibilities: furniture and dry it carefully.
7. Raise overbed table high enough to
- Daily care of the patient’s room or prevent damage when moved.
unit 8. Bed cranks: pull completely out, to
- Care of departmental facilitates elevate or lower head or foot of the
- Cleaning of the room after discharge bed.
of a patient to make it ready for 9. Metal Furniture: wash with warm
another patient water and soap and dry thoroughly.
- Control of insects or pests Handle carefully to prevent denting.
10. Daily Cleaning of the room: be
careful in moving the furniture so
Important Factors to Consider in that is does not became marred or
Hospital Housekeeping scratched.
1. Immediate disposal of wastes for CLEANING OPERATIONS
good sanitary practice
2. Promote cleanliness and provide an - To maintain a safe, clean and
attractive surrounding by cleaning healthful surround for the patients,
the floor visitors and staff.
3. Furniture should be clean and in Sweeping
good working condition.
4. Torn linen should be mend. Supply - Remove dirt from floor area and
of linen should be enough. precedes all other daily cleaning
5. Equipment used for personal care operations
should be cleaned and ready for use Equipment:
at all times.
6. Solid wastes should not be thrown 1. Floor broom or brush
into the toilet bowls. 2. Dust Pan
7. Food dropping on the floor must 3. Trash can/garbage can
immediately be removed.
Procedure:
Care of Hospital Furniture
 Bring the equipment to the near area
1. For matching set of furniture, do not to be swept
move it to another room.  Trash Can: out of traffic but near
2. Do not force drawers or doors which place of work
are difficult to open or close.

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
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 Start: Entrance with proper strokes Scrubbing

towards the center. Accumulate dirt
- To remove dirt by rubbing hard with
{dust pan and deposit intro garbage
the use of a brush with or without
can}
soap and water
 If dust is heavy: tap brush or broom
on the floor at the end of each stroke Equipment
to free dirt
 After sweeping: Examine floor if dust 1. Coconut husk/Electric polisher
streaks are not present 2. Brush
 Straighten furniture and do other 3. Pail with soap solution
necessary cleaning operations 4. Pail with rinsing water
 Clean equipment used and return to 5. Mop
proper place 6. Dust cloth

Mopping Procedure:

- To rub or wipe the floor with a mop  Bring the equipment to the bedside
using soap and water  Dip brush in soap solution rub it
against the surface to be cleansed
Equipment  Rinse using long strokes and
following the grain of wood
1. Floor Mop
 Wipe to dry using the same strokes
2. Pail with soap solution
 Inspect that all dirt has been
3. Pail with rinsing water
removed
4. Mop wringer
 After care of equipment
Procedure:
Waxing
 Bring the equipment to the area
- Application of protective coating to
 Dip the mop into the soap solution
an area which may be later polished
 Place the mop on the wringer and
by friction
wring
 Starting from the corner, mop floor Equipment
using firm and heavy strokes to
loosen dirt 1. Appropriate wax
 Rinse and dry as necessary until the 2. Several dust cloths
whole area had been mopped Procedure:
 Inspect work. Clean floor: does not
have streaks of dirt
 Clean all equipment used and return  Rub dust cloth to the wax
to the proper place  Start: corner to the center of the
room/from top to bottom
 Applying friction with cloth to achieve
a smooth finish after waxing

FROM BSN 1E
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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

 Floors: scrub the achieve a smooth Procedure:

and shiny finish.
 Bring all equipment
Washing  Chair/stool: line with newspaper and
place the tray on it (never on the
- Remove dirt by the use of soap and
floor)
water
 Start: from highest point to be
Procedure: cleansed towards the floor
 Between bars and crevices: use a
 Depending on the kind of article to small brush, chicken feather or a
be washed stick with cloth
Dusting  Dusting bars: palm the cloth and
grasp the bar as you wipe along the
- Removed dirt which may be washed surface
Classification of Dusting  If soap and water is used: Rub the
cloth with soap to area with friction
- Dry Dusting- use of dry cloth to until dirt has been loosened. Rinse
remove dust, as in varnished and dry.
furniture  Clean and oil wheels of furniture and
- Damp Dusting- use of damp cloth polish door knobs with metal polish
to remove dust on furniture not  Inspect work: appear bright and free
destroyed by moisture. of dust streaks
 Return all equipment to proper
According to Height:
places, clean and dry
- Low Dusting
High Dusting
All places easily reached by
standing on the floor and is done All places easily reached by
2

daily. standing on a chair/portable ladder

and is done periodically.
Purpose:
Purpose:
- for daily dusting
- To do general cleaning of a room
Equipment: A tray containing:
from the ceilings to the floor
1. A basin or pail half filled with water including all furniture and cabinets
2. Laundry soap or any detergent
Equipment
3. Whisk broom or chicken feathers, or
a stick with cloth wound at one end 1. Similar in preparation for daily
4. Metal polish, if necessary dusting
5. Pieces of dusting cloth 2. Additional: Broom or brush with long
6. Newspaper for lining handle
3. Pieces of newspaper to cover tops
of cabinets

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
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Procedure: SUITE

 Bring the equipment and place tray - Include living room, bedroom and
on chair/stool lined with paper bath.
 Move all furniture to one side or
SINGLE ROOM
cover furniture with newspaper
 Dust/ remove all cobwebs and other - With furnishings, equipment and
dirt from top to bottom supplies used for comfort and care
 Window screens/dust window bars: of just one pt.
use dry dust cloth or with soap &
water WARD
 Sweep the floor - Where several patients are placed
 Dust all furniture as well as inside together.
the cabinet
 When everything is already cleaned PROCEDURE
return all furniture on their position - Maintain proper lightning and
 Inspect the room. ventilation
Care of Linen - Dust all furniture, windows, wall,
drawers
 Inspect whether it needs mending - Make sure articles inside are clean
 Sorted accordingly and arranged in good condition
 Folded uniformly - Keep mirror clean and free from
Care of Medicine Containers and stains
Cabinets - Provide clean drinking water
- Check: Garbage can has been
Medicines: emptied and toilet and bathroom are
clean
1. Remove from shelf at a time
- Take flowers to utility room (clean,
2. Bottles: wipe with damp cloth, do not
arrange & return @ bedside)
remove the cork/cap
- Calling device (buzzer): functioning
3. Make sure that label will not be
properly and within easy reach of the
discolored/destroyed
patient.
4. If with discoloration or precipitation
- See if patient is comfortable and
Cabinets: room is clean, neat and in order.

- Cleanse it with damp newspaper, ELIMINATION OF UNPLEASANT ODORS

wipe with dry or smooth dust cloth, if
Precautions needed to prevent unpleasant
necessary, lock cabinets or drawers
odors in the patient’s unit:
Daily care of the UNIT
1. Patient: cleaned daily
- Area (Furnishing equipment) 2. Bed linen: changed daily/accdg. To
- Necessary for patient Care hospital policy

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 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
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3. Soiled linen & garbage: disposed of 7. If completed, transfer the mattress to

properly the clean side and do the same at
4. Water in the flower vase must be the foot part.
changed daily 8. Oil wheels if necessary
5. Receptacles of patients excrete: 9. Return all equipment used to proper
cleaned properly place, clean, and dry.
6. Bathrooms: Cleaned daily 10. Mop the floor if necessary
7. Clean mop free from odor 11. Clean and arrange the furniture in
the room or in the immediate vicinity
CLEANING OF TOILET AND BATHROOM
of the patient in the ward.
PROCEDURE:
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
1. Scrub tiled walls
- Refers to all activities pertaining to
2. Flush toilet, clean with soap & brush
the control of solid wastes; and
then proceed on the outside portion
- It includes all materials from
3. Scrub floor
humans, animals, and economic
4. Wipe the walls, & outside of toilet
activities that are normally solid and
bowl
are useless or unwanted.
5. Replenish the supply of toilet paper
and soap if provided by hospital. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
2002
LAVOTORY AND SINK
- Emphasizes the proper collection of
- Wash thoroughly with soap and
safe disposal of household garbage,
water (use mop/brush)
industrial, and hospital wastes
- If stains are hard to remove, use
- Republic Act of 9003 of Solid waste
cleanser
management ensures proper
- Rinse and dry with a damp cloth
segregation, collection, transport,
CARE OF BED storage, treatment, and disposal of
solid wastes
- Meals, recreations, occupation and
exercise may be done while in bed. Presidential decree 825
- COMFORT – REST AND SLEEP –
- States the penalty for improper
HEALTH & RECOVERY FROM
disposal of garbage and other forms
DISEASE
of uncleanliness
BED CLEANING o 5 days to one year
imprisonment
1. Mattress brush o &/or a fine ranging from Php
2. A basin or pail half-filled with water 100-Php 2,000
3. Laundry soap or detergent
4. Several pieces of dusting cloth
5. Chicken feathers or a stick with cloth
wound at one end
6. Lubricant or oil for wheels, if needed.

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

WASTE SEGREGATION

Black: dry waste, drained IVF bag, non

GREEN: WET, LEFT-OVER FOOD,

BIODEGRADABLE

YELLOW: INFECTIOUS, SYRINGE,

TUBINGS

RED: SHARPS

ORANGE: RADIO – ACTIVE

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

[TOPIC 8: ABBREVIATIONS
PAGE. 402]

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO
 NCM-203 RLE | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
PRACTICE

NURSES PRAVER FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’s

PLEDGE
Dear Jesus, model and inspiration
of the nursing profession, I know I solemnly pledge rnyself/ before
that when your ascended into God/ and in the presence of this
heaven, You left the care of your assembly. /
sick; to those of us whom you have
•To pass my life in purity/ and to
blessed with the holy vocation of
practice my profession/ faithfully. /
nursing
will abstain/ from whatever is
Help me to be faithful to that calling
deleterious/ and mischievous! and
so that I can do always/ the things
will not taken or knowingly
you want me to do and in the way/
administer/ any harmful drug./
you want me to do them. Grant,
that my voice may be gentle/ that I will do all in my power/ to maintain
my hands/ may have the softness and elevate/ the standard of my
and the sympathy of your hands profession, l and will hold in
that my presence/ may bring confidence/ all personal matters
something of the hope and committed to my keeping/ and all
consolation which your presence family affairs/ coming to my
brought to the sufferers of your day. knowledge/ in the practice/ of my
calling./.
I want to do all this things, dear
Lord/ but I know that i am weak/ With loyalty/ will l endeavor to work
and can do little without your aid. closely with the health team and
devote myself/ to the welfare/ of
Please give the aid/ this day/ and
those committed to my care./
every day! of my life/ that I may
always be what I know you want
me to be an angel in the sickroom,
AMEN.

FROM BSN 1E
CREATED BY: AREIL FRANCIS I. CHANG and EZEKIEL DANIEL URBANO