RICHMOND

NOW
YOU!
Student’s Book Contents 2

Unit 1 A head for business 4

Unit 2 The big time 12
Project Entrepreneurs 20
Unit 3 Myths and legends 22
Unit 4 Our universe 30
Project Comic strip 38
Unit 5 Unsolved mysteries 40
Unit 6 Super sleuths 48
Project A mystery 56
Unit 7 Digital communication 58
Unit 8 Technology vs. society 66
Project Campaign 74
Unit 9 Changing times 76

Grammar reference plus practice 84

Irregular verbs list 97
Wordlist plus exercises 98

WORKBOOK 4
ES0000000068229 849965_WB4_pp001_4p_97580.indd 1 10/02/2020 12:55:03
 8.2
STUDENT’S BOOK CONTENTS
GET STARTED!  • Present perfect and past simple   • Adjective and preposition pairs  

Unit Grammar Vocabulary Speaking Listening

1
A HEAD FOR Verb tense review: present Skills and strengths Discussing types of Information
BUSINESS simple, past simple and Business intelligence about types of
present perfect Pronunciation /əʊ/ intelligence
Jobs
Verb tense review:
questions

2
THE BIG TIME Past perfect: affirmative The entertainment Talking about different Biographical
Past simple and past industry types of success information
perfect Inventions Pronunciation /ɒ/
Success and failure

3
MYTHS AND Past simple and past Storytelling Talking about and Myths and
LEGENDS continuous The natural world telling stories legends
Direct speech and reported Myths Pronunciation /k/
speech and /ks/

4
OUR UNIVERSE Past perfect: negative and The Earth Talking about the Information
questions The Universe Universe about space and
Zero, first and second Pronunciation /u:/ the planets
Space exploration
conditional and /ʊ/

5
UNSOLVED Modals verbs for Ancient monuments Speculating on Facts about
MYSTERIES speculation UFOs and aliens famous mysteries unsolved
Third conditional Pronunciation mysteries
Mysteries
contraction of have

6
SUPER SLEUTHS Verb patterns Phrasal verbs Discussing crimes and Detective stories
Tag Questions: various Detective work interviewing a criminal
tenses Investigation Pronunciation
tag question intonation

7
DIGITAL The passive voice Communication I Discussing forms of Information
COMMUNICATION Modal verbs with the The internet telecommunication about modern
passive voice Pronunciation /eɪ/ technology
Academic honesty

8
TECHNOLOGY VS. Relative clauses: defining Communication II Giving and agreeing or Facts about issues
SOCIETY Relative clauses: non- Publicity disgreeing with opinions with modern
defining Pronunciation /ɔ:/ technology
Technological
advances and /ɔɪ/

9
CHANGING TIMES So and such Human achievements Talking about historical Facts about
So with quantifiers The 20th century events important
Pronunciation /ɜ:/ historical
So and neither The environment
changes

Unit reviews • External exam practice Pairwork

2
 8.2

• Wish and If only with past perfect   • Indirect questions   • Verb patterns

Reading Writing Culture and communication Project

Language in context: An article Entrepreneurs

Prepare for landing
Brain power Focus on tenses Idioms and expressions for making 21 century skills
st

Core values Learner Leadership

decisions
autonomy
Pairwork Discussing images Go beyond
Business for the future
Language in context: An email
A winning story
Secrets to success Focus on vocabulary for Idioms and expressions for success
Core values Perseverance success
Pairwork Exchanging
information
Language in context: A legend Comic strip
Books on the go
Thor and the stolen hammer / Focus on narrative tenses Idioms and expressions from myths 21st century skills
Pandora’s box
and legends Problem solving
Core values Respect for other
cultures Pairwork Requesting information Go beyond
The Funnies
Language in context: An essay I
The pale blue dot
Why explore space? Focus on noun phrases Idioms and expressions with planets
Core values Humility
and stars
Pairwork Completing information
Language in context: A review A mystery
Dragon fire
Crop circles Focus on vocabulary for Idioms and expressions about secrets 21 century skills
st

Core values Critical mystery Critical thinking

awareness Pairwork Refuting a story
Go beyond
Language in context: A short story Presentation skills
Real-life superheroes
A suspicious mystery Focus on verb forms Idioms and expressions for coming
Core values Withholding
to conclusions
judgement
Pairwork Interpreting clues
Language in context: A description Campaign
Online communities
Cheating in the age of Focus on the passive Idioms and expressions for 21 century skills
st
the internet
communication Online security
Core values Honesty
Pairwork Requesting information Go beyond
Political campaigns
Language in context: A list of tips
Light years ahead
The information and Focus on language of cause
communication revolution Idioms and expressions with
and effect technology
Core values Socialising
Pairwork Discovering
information
Language in context: An essay II Review
The greatest generation
The price of progress Focus on essay structure Idioms and expressions about Quiz
Core values Thinking
change
globally
Pairwork Defending ideas

Grammar reference Irregular verbs and wordlists

3
 1
8.2 In unit 1 you will:
A HEAD FOR ❚ talk about different types of intelligence.
review the present, past and present
BUSINESS
❚

perfect tenses.
❚ review question forms.
❚ write an article.

1.1 Vocabulary and listening Position: Computer Programmer

1 Complete the three job adverts with the words. Technologic, London

communication  ​ customer service   finance  ​ 2 years’ experience in

 3
.
information technology  ​numeracy  ​
problem solving Coding and
 4
skills required.

Position: Accountant Position: Product manager

Bridewell Accounting Company, New York Champwear Clothes Shop, Dublin

6 years’ experience in 1
. Experience in
 5
.

2
and analytical skills required. Good
 6
skills required.

2 Complete the words in the profiles. 3 Listen and number the top tips in the order they
are mentioned.
Ben, Sunderland
a b c
Running your own business can be challenging.
You have to be 1 act e and on
top of every detail. You also have to be
2
res ful and find ways to
solve problems and resolve conflicts.
4 Listen again and complete the information.

Sara, Sydney 1 Soft skills are things you don’t learn through
As a radio DJ, you have to be or formal training.
3
talk . I spend most 2 You may be suitable for a career in psychology if
of my time speaking to people. I guess you are .
another important characteristic is being 3 There are some great career advice resources on
4
enth ! the .
4 You could be a photographer if you are
Petra, Moscow
.
As a psychologist, I deal with people
5 Work experience can help you decide if a job is
and their problems every day, so being
for you.
5
th ful is important.
6 Maggie’s daughter has decided that she wants to
You also have to be organised and
be a .
6
syst .

4 Skills and strengths / Verb tense review

 Grammar and vocabulary 8.2
1.1
5 Complete the blog post with the verbs in the correct 7 Choose the correct option.
tense. 1 The designer have / has already thought of a
great new logo.
fly  ​get  ​leave  ​love  ​want  ​win
2 I don’t / doesn’t always read my class notes.
3 The new girl seem / seems sociable.
Search My account
4 The company didn’t increased / didn’t increase
sales last year.
5 We have worked / did worked here since 1996.
THE PATH TO SUCCESS
By Jean Woods 8 Complete Susie’s achievement journal with the verbs
in the correct tense.
Since I was young, I 1 to be a

fashion designer. Last year, I 2 complete  ​improve  ​look  ​not decide  ​

not learn  ​start  ​write
my old job after 15 years to follow my dream. I sent my CV

to designers everywhere, then waited. A fashion company

My Achievements
in Paris offered me a job two months later!
At the start of the year, I 1
I3 to Paris the next day.
a list of things I wanted to achieve.
It’s hard work and I 4 up at

5am every day, but I 5 my job. My Strategies

I6 two fashion awards already! • Every week, I 2 at the list
to remind myself of my objectives.
• Every month, I 3 my journal
with my achievements.

Achievements
• This month, I 4 organising
my notes after class using mind maps and charts.
• I 5 my marks in Maths.

Future Goals
6 Match your answers to exercise 5 with the
descriptions of the tenses. • I 6 to play my favourite song on
the ukulele yet. It’s not as easy as I thought!
a Present simple for permanent situations or general
• I 7 what to do with my birthday
facts.
money yet. I can’t decide how much to save!
b Present simple for routines or habitual actions.

c Past simple for completed actions in the past. 9 NOW YOU! Write a list of things you would like
to achieve.
and
d Present perfect for actions that occurred at some
point in the past.
e Present perfect for past situations that continue to
the present.

5
 1.2 Grammar and listening

1 Choose the correct word to complete the questions. 4 Listen to the interviews and complete the tables.
1 Does / Did the boss design the logo herself?
2 How long has / have he run the charity? Name Chris
3 Why was / did the manager good at his job?
4 What do you think / thinks is the secret to her Job 1

success?
Number of years
5 How has the brand grow / grown so much since in their job
8 years
it started?
It was difficult because she had to
2 Complete the answers to the questions in exercise 1 Impressions at stay calm and focus on
with the verb in the correct tense. start of career 2

1 No. A specialist advertising agency patients while she learnt.

(design) the logo. She’s learnt how to
Proudest 3
2 He (run) the charity more
achievement
since 2001. efficiently and without stress.

3 He (not be) afraid to

Name Norah
work hard and he (be)
Job Computer programmer
passionate about his job.
Number of years 4
4 She (write) her goals in their job
At first it was easy but then it
in her journal every day!
Impressions at
became more interesting and
5 It (create) new products. start of career
5
.
She recently became
Proudest 6
for a
achievement
project with five people.

Name Dan

Job 7

Number of years
10 years
in their job

Impressions at He was 8
start of career about making real buildings.
3 You are going to listen to three people talking
about their jobs. Complete the questions the Proudest After 9 years, he finally has his
presenter asks, then listen and check. achievement 9
.

1 What job do?

2 How long done it?
3 What it like when you
started?
4 What achieved that
you’re proud of?

6 Business / Verb tense review: questions

 Vocabulary and grammar 1.2
5 Match boxes to make words. Then complete the Present perfect
sentences.
I: What’s the most successful company you
slo go consu ity 4
(create)?

lo succ gan mers JS: I think one of the most successful companies I’ve
ever set up was my airline, Traveltastic.
entre ess preneur ident
I: And what about logos? What’s the best one that
1 A should be catchy but you 5
(design)?
it should also be a simple and direct statement. JS: Definitely the logo for my global brand because
2 Being an can be it expresses our positive energy.
challenging but it’s also very rewarding.
Past simple
3 An effective should be
I: Let’s talk about how you started your career.
simple and easy to recognise.
When 6
you
4 The marketing campaign should express the
(launch) your first
company’s effectively.
company?
5 usually buy products
JS: Well, I always knew that I wanted to become
because they like the brand.
an entrepreneur. At the age of 16, I set up a
6 If you work hard and believe in yourself, you will
magazine called Teen Talk.
be a .
I: Wow! How long 7
you
6 Complete the interview with the verbs in the (have) that business?
correct tense.
JS: Not very long. I quickly set up another company
Present simple
and everything grew from there.
I: Today we’re interviewing British entrepreneur Jenny
I: And 8
you
Smith. Ms Smith, what 1
(realise) that you were
you (like) about being an
going to be so famous?
entrepreneur?
JS: No! I just wanted to work hard!
JS: I like many things but I think being creative is
7 NOW YOU! Think of a logo or slogan you like
the best part of it.
and write about why you like it.
I: What 2 a company
(need) to be successful?
JS: Lots of market research!
I: And what 3
(be) your
plans at the moment?
JS: Something top secret, I’m afraid!

7
 1.3 Reading

BEFORE YOU READ 3 Read the text again and choose the correct option.
1 Choose the correct answer. 1 Einstein found it easy
1 Bodily-kinaesthetic / Interpersonal / Musical a to answer difficult maths questions.
intelligence means the ability to control your b to learn languages.
body well.
2 Interpersonal / Intrapersonal / Verbal-linguistic 2 When Einstein was a child, he had problems
intelligence means the ability to understand a with speaking fluently.
yourself and to be aware of your beliefs and b learning to play a musical instrument.
goals.
3 Naturalistic / Visual-spatial / Intrapersonal 3 Einstein was good at
intelligence means the ability to visualise things a most of the things that he tried to do.
in your mind. b everything he tried to do.
4 Verbal-linguistic / Logical-mathematical /
Naturalistic intelligence means the ability to use 4 Einstein demonstrated
language well. a interpersonal intelligence.
5 Visual-spatial / Intrapersonal / Interpersonal b logical-mathematical intelligence.
intelligence means the ability to communicate
and empathise with others. 5 Einstein’s brain was studied by
a only one scientist, Dr Thomas Harvey.
WHILE YOU READ b a number of different scientists.
2 Put the events in Albert Einstein’s life in order. 6 Einstein thought he was successful because
Then read the text to check your predictions. a of creative thinking, hard work and support.
a He solved difficult maths problems. b parts of his brain were bigger than normal.
b He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
c Scientists discovered parts of his brain were AFTER YOU READ
larger than normal. 4 Choose the sentence that best summarises the text.
d He learned to speak fluently.
1 How the brain works.
e He started primary school.
2 We all think in different ways.
f He studied a course in maths and physics.
3 The secret to Einstein’s success.
1 2 3 4 5 6
5 Complete the sentences using the underlined words
from the text.

1 As I child I was very . I had to

study everything to find out how it worked.
2 I’m not very good at Maths because I find it
difficult to the problems.
3 Linda is very . She takes
careful notes in every class.
4 I’m more logical than . I’m not
imaginative and I don’t like Art class.
5 Salmon is good for the brain because it has fatty
acids that promote healthy .

8 Language in context
 Reading 1.3

Exploring
Einstein’s Brain
When we talk about brain power, the first name never very good at speaking them. Einstein also
that comes to most people’s minds is Albert disliked social situations and found it difficult to
Einstein. But what was his brain like? Could he do communicate well with others.
anything he wanted? When Einstein died on April 18, 1955, Dr Thomas
Einstein started school when he was five and he Harvey decided to organise studies of his brain
was one of the best students in his primary school. to find out more about intelligence. In one study,
He showed a particular talent for mathematics Dr Marian Diamond suggested Einstein’s brain
and by thirteen he could solve complex had more glial cells than normal. Glial cells bring
mathematical problems. Einstein’s intelligence nutrients to our neurons and help our brains to
was very advanced for his age. At seventeen, make faster connections. She thought that could
he started a four-year mathematics and physics be the reason for Einstein’s intelligence: he could
course at Zürich Polytechnic and he got his process information faster than normal.
doctoral degree a few years later. Throughout his However, in another study in 1999, researchers
career he made many important discoveries, and discovered something else unusual. The areas
in 1921 he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. of the brain related to logical-mathematical and
Not only is Einstein considered the most visual-spatial intelligence were 15% bigger in
influential physicist of the twentieth century, but Einstein’s brain than in most other people. It
he also demonstrated musical intelligence. As a seems that more neurons in this region made
teenager, he developed a love of the violin, and connections among each other and they worked
music was a very important part of his life. together effectively. The rest of Einstein’s brain
Einstein was creative, meticulous and curious, was a normal size and weight. The scientists who
and he showed great intelligence in many conducted this study say this may explain why
areas. However, it is also true that he had some Einstein was so successful in solving mathematical
difficulties. He started speaking later than other and scientific problems.
children and did not form complete sentences Einstein himself believed that his success was due
easily until he was nine years old. Later, he learnt to the support of his parents, thinking creatively
at least five languages, but he admitted he was and working hard. What do you think?

9
 1.4 Writing

NOW YOU!  An article about a product

1 PLAN You are going to write an article about a mobile phone or another product. Think about answers
to the questions and make notes.

Introduction: Introduce the topic. Why is this product popular? How has it changed the way we live?

Body paragraph 1: General information about the product. When and where was it invented? Who invented it?

Body paragraph 2: Recent developments such as technological advances or the changing way we use the
product. What was the product used for in the beginning? Has the product changed? How?

Conclusion: Give your opinion. How will the product change in the future?

2 WRITE Use your plan to write an article on your chosen product.

3 CHECK Read your article and check it using the list below.

I included everything in my plan. I checked for spelling mistakes.

I used paragraphs. I checked for grammar mistakes.

10 An article
 Communication and reflection 1.5
1 Rewrite the underlined expressions and add the missing word. There are two words you don’t need.

at  ​in  ​of  ​
on  ​out  ​
the  ​

1 The team needs more time to make a decision, so they have decided to sleep it.

2 The company hasn’t decided if she has the job yet. The jury is.

3 I can’t decide if I want to work indoors or outdoors in the future. I am two minds.

4 We don’t know if the logo is right for our company. I like it but Derek is on fence.

2 Use the expressions from exercise 1 to complete the sentences.

1 I think I’ll ; I don’t want to make a decision until tomorrow.

2 No decision has been made yet; .
3 I’m because I just can’t decide between them.
4 Sara is never ; she always knows what to do.

NOW YOU! Reflect on your learning

Read the statements and tick (✓) to evaluate your learning.

Vocabulary I can understand and use vocabulary for skills, strengths and business.

I can use the present, past and present perfect tenses.

Grammar
I can use question forms.

Listening I can use the information on the page to prepare myself for a listening task.

Speaking I can talk about different types of intelligence.

Reading I can remember vocabulary I’ve learnt from reading texts.

Writing I can use a plan to help me write an article.

Idioms I can use idioms and expressions for making decisions.

I can do it very well. I can do it. I’m not sure about it. I need to review it.

Idioms and expressions for making decisions / Learning to learn 11

 2
8.2 In unit 2 you will:

THE BIG TIME ❚

❚
❚
talk about different types of success.
review the past perfect tense.
practise using the past perfect and
past simple tenses.
❚ write an email.

2.1 Vocabulary and listening

1 Read the clues and complete the crossword. 1

Across 2

2 Something that you have succeeded in doing.

3 An organisation or company that sells products
or services. 3 4

5 A group of businesses controlled by a person or

company.
5
Down
1 A kind of park with roller coasters and rides.
3 When a person or company is financially ruined.
4 When you get the result you want.

2 Listen and choose the two things each speaker 3 Listen again and write true (T) or false (F).
talks about. Correct the false sentences.
1 Tom – actor
1 Tom says that acting is easy.
a the theatre b films c directors
2 Tina – singer
a an album b a musical c a talent show 2 Tom had been in 30 films before his first big part.
3 Beth – comic book illustrator
a drawing b animated films c painting
3 Tina finds the music industry quite competitive.

4 Tina found it hard to become famous.

5 Beth always had an idea of what she wanted

to do.

6 Beth does illustrations for a professional comic

book writer.

12 The entertainment industry / Past perfect: affirmative

 Vocabulary and grammar 8.2
2.1
4 Read and complete with the correct option. 6 Complete the sentences using the information in the
1 By the time he … his second album, he had timeline and the past perfect.
become a millionaire.

Steven
a released b opened c started
2 Before he … his amusement park in 1971, he
had visited countless other parks.
a began b won c opened
3 Linda was … from her job in 2015, but by 2016
Spielberg
she had opened her own business.
a died b fired c produced
1968–74 Directs three films
4 Before he … the brand, he had experienced a lot
of failure.
1975 Directs blockbuster Jaws

a achieved b thought c designed 1977–80 Directs two Star Wars films

with George Lucas
5 By the time he … in 2004, he had already made
31 animated feature films. 1981 Directs Raiders of the Lost
a lived b seen c died Ark with George Lucas

5 Complete the sentences with the past perfect of 1993–98 Wins 2 Oscars for
the verbs. Best Director

2003 Gets a star on the

Meet a Hollywood Walk of Fame

YOUNG 2018 Earnings reach over

$3.7 billion

ENTREPRENEUR 1 By the time Spielberg directed his first big film,

who is going places Jaws, he had already .
2 When he collaborated with George Lucas
By the time Brittany Lee left secondary school to
on Raiders of the Lost Ark, they had already
dedicate her time to the party planning business that
.
she 1 (start) two years earlier, she
2 3 When he got his star on the Hollywood
already
Walk of Fame in 2003, he had already
(earn) half a million pounds. Brittany got the idea from
.
a brilliant party she 3 (go) to in

primary school that a friend’s older sister

4 By 2018, he had .
4
(organise). She thought, 7 NOW YOU! Write two sentences of your own
‘I would love to do that!’ And she did. about Steven Spielberg using the past perfect.

Now she employs over 500 people nationwide. She

even employed her mother for a time, but she had to

fire her due to the professional differences they

5
(have). Brittany says that the key

to success is imagination and following your dreams.

13
 2.2 Listening and grammar

1 Listen and choose the correct option. 3 Read and complete with the correct option.
1 If their ideas are good enough, the contestants
will win
a money.
b advice and money.
c products.
2 All products and inventions should be
a popular.
b already on the market.
c new and unique.
3 The presenter
a likes Will’s idea.
b likes Lorenzo’s idea.
c doesn’t like either idea. Drive towards
2 Listen again and correct the sentences. your goals
1 The lucky winner will get £5,000 to invest in their
Henry Ford was a genius that 1
product.
the history of the twentieth century. When he opened
his company in 1903, he 2 his
2 Last week Lorenzo decorated a small apartment.
first petrol-powered car. Ford was a man of vision and
he thought that he could change society and the world
3 Lorenzo’s idea is wallpaper you can throw away with his cars. He 3 to make cars
when you don’t want it anymore. available for everybody to buy, rich or poor. In 1913, he
made his dream come true by using the assembly line
4 Lorenzo has designed lots of colours of to produce his Model T car. He 4
wallpaper. the first Model T in 1908, but this effective method of
production meant he could produce thousands of cars
5 Will’s idea came to him while he was having a week and set realistic prices. His company stopped
a fizzy drink. production of the Model T in 1927, but by then he
5
15 million cars. He inspired

6 Will’s invention mops the floor for you and plays many people and he 6
future

music at the same time. generations that achieving your dreams is possible.

1 a had changed b changed

7 The presenter suggests you could just listen to 2 a invented b had already invented
a CD while you mop instead. 3 a wanted b had wanted
4 a built b had built
5 a sold b had sold
6 a taught b had taught

14 Inventions / Past simple and past perfect

 Grammar and vocabulary 2.2
4 Read and choose the correct option. 6 Read and connect the sentences with the words. Use
1 Bubble wrap hadn’t been successful before IBM the past simple and the past perfect.

iTube
used / had used it to package computers for
transport. The story of the Squeez
2 By the time Lily’s product was on the market,
a copycat company produced / had produced
a similar product. JULY 2008 Karina completed her degree
in Business Studies
3 Before he co-founded TESLA, Elon Musk started /
had started other businesses.
JUNE 2009 Designed her first product
4 J.K. Rowling didn’t publish / hadn’t published
anything before the Harry Potter series.
DECEMBER 2009 Made some prototypes
5 Rick tried / had tried many jobs before he found
what he wanted to do and became successful. MAY 2010 Launched the product:
6 In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented / had invented the SqueeziTube
the World Wide Web.
AUGUST 2010 Presented the SqueeziTube
5 Complete the sentences with the past simple or the on television
past perfect.
2016 Became rich
To: Mike From: Lisa
2019 Developed new product:
Hi Mike, SqueeziTube 2.0

Guess who 1 (come) to our

1 Karina completed her degree. / She designed
school last week to give us a motivational talk …
her first product in 2009. (before)
Gary Links! You know, the video game designer. He
2
Karina had completed her degree before she
(invent) all of my favourite
designed her first product in 2009.
games, and he really 3 (improve)
2 She made some prototypes. / She launched the
the design and quality of a lot of games that his
SqueeziTube. (before)
company 4 (develop) before

he 5 (work) for them. He

6
(be) also a pioneer of virtual

reality game design. He 7 (create) 3 She launched the SqueeziTube. / She presented

games that no one 8 (imagine) it on television. (before)

before. He really is inspirational. He told us to work hard

and follow our dreams and I plan to!

Talk soon, 4 By 2016 she was rich. / She sold a lot of

Lisa SqueeziTubes. (because)

5 She became very rich. / She developed the

SqueeziTube 2.0. (by the time)

15
 2.3 Reading

BEFORE YOU READ 3 Read the text again and match the headings with
1 Complete the questions with the correct form of the the paragraphs.
words. Then do the Olympics quiz. a What do the Olympic Games tell us about
failure?
achieve  ​goal  ​persevere  ​set  ​success
Paragraph
b What can the Olympic Games teach us about
1 Which country has a total of
success?
over a thousand gold medals in both summer and
Paragraph
winter Olympics?
c Where were the first Olympic Games held?
a The USA b Russia c China Paragraph
d What are the main values of the Olympic Games?
2 Dimitrios Loundras was the youngest athlete to
Paragraph
compete in the Olympic Games. He said he
AFTER YOU READ
was successful because he
4 Answer the questions.
specific and worked hard
to achieve them. How old was he when he 1 Why were the first Olympic Games held?
competed in the games?
a 7 b 10 c 16 2 Why was Athens selected as the place for the
Olympic Games in 1896?
3 When did Usain Bolt in
becoming the fastest man alive?
3 What difficulties did Usain Bolt overcome?
a 2019 b 2010 c 2009

4 Michael Phelps achieved Olympic success 4 What do you need to do to achieve Olympic
through hard work and . success, according to the article?

How many gold medals does he currently hold?

a 30 b 10 c 23 5 What ’impossible’ thing did Michael Phelps do?

WHILE YOU READ

2 Read the text quickly and check your answers 6 What did Nadia Com˘
aneci do in 1976?
to the questions in exercise 1. You get one point for
each correct answer.
0–1 Point = Bronze Medal 5 Match the words from the text to the definitions.
2–3 Points = Silver Medal 1 unsurprisingly
4 Points = Gold Medal 2 obstacles
3 lose heart
4 challenge
5 goal
6 prediction
a To stop believing that you can do something.
b Something you want to achieve.
c In a way that you could expect.
d Something that tests your ability to succeed.
e Declaration made about something in the future.
f Things that makes progress difficult.

16 Language in context
OLYMP IC
Reading 2.3

SUCCESS
1

Can you guess which country holds the record for winning the most Olympic medals? Perhaps
unsurprisingly, it’s the United States of America, with over 1,000 gold medals in both Summer and Winter
Games. They have also held the most Olympic Games competitions – eight. But the Olympics didn’t
start there. The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in around the 9th century BC, as part of a
religious festival to celebrate the father of the Gods, Zeus. They were cancelled in the 4th century AD by
the Roman emperor Theodosius I. But then in 1896, Pierre de Coubertin decided to organise the games
again. He chose Athens for the re-opening of the Olympic Games because of its tradition and history.

Pierre de Coubertin’s idea was for an event that

would bring different countries together to celebrate
the value of athletic competition. He saw the most
important thing as not necessarily to win but to do
your best. Just getting the chance to compete is a huge
achievement. Dimitrios Loundras found this to be true
when he won a bronze medal in 1896. He was only ten. 4

The Olympics also teaches us that with passion and

motivation we can achieve things people thought
were impossible. One example of this is the story of
the swimmer Michael Phelps. Another gold medal
swimmer, Ian Thorpe, had said he was sure that Phelps
would not reach the record of winning eight gold
medals in the same competition. Phelps trained hard
to prove Thorpe’s prediction wrong. He finished his
career with 23 gold medals and is today considered
the best swimmer of all time. Another example is
3
the gymnast Nadia Comăneci, who achieved the
Successful sportsmen and sportswomen know that unthinkable – a perfect score of 10, in Montreal in
nobody has ever succeeded without some obstacles 1976. She went on to win another eight perfect 10s
and failures along the way. In 2009, Usain Bolt became and a total of five gold medals.
known as ‘the fastest man alive’ when he ran the
men’s 100-metre race in 9.58 seconds, a new Olympic
record. This success did not come easily, however, as
Bolt had had a lot of problems with his back early in his
career, which made running and training difficult. But
Bolt didn’t lose heart and stayed focused on his goal.
Achieving Olympic success is a challenge that requires
lots of hard work and perseverance.

17
 2.4 Writing

NOW YOU! An email to a career counsellor

1 PLAN Plan an email to the school counsellor, outlining your goals and your plan to achieve them. Write what
you are going to include in each paragraph.

Paragraph 1: State the purpose of the email. Why are you writing?

Paragraph 2: Describe your goal or goals. What would you like to improve or achieve and why?

Paragraph 3: Set out a brief plan. What are you going to do to achieve your goal(s)?

Paragraph 4: Thank the school counsellor and end the email appropriately.

2 WRITE Use your plan to write your email. USEFUL LANGUAGE

❚ Dear Mr/Ms ❚ I look forward to
❚ I am going to focus on ❚ Thanks again,

3 CHECK Read your email and check it using the list below.

I followed my plan. I used set expressions for emails.

I checked my punctuation. I checked for grammar and spelling mistakes.

18 An email
 Communication and reflection 2.5
1 Find the mistake in each underlined expression and correct it.

1 My father taught me that failure is a part of 3 Tim thinks the game is on the bag, but I don’t agree.
learning and not to worry if I fall at the first herdle.
4 Don’t worry about your driving test. I’m sure you’ll
2 Everything has gone wrong since you left the pass with flying colour.
club. Honestly, the place has gon to the dogs.

2 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the expressions from exercise 1.

Hanna: I’m so worried about the Maths exam! What if I forget everything and I
1
?
Brock: Oh, don’t worry! I’m sure it 2
.
Hanna: Do you remember the Science test? I thought I’d 3
and
I only got a C!
Brock: Haven’t you been going to a study group?
Hanna: Yes, but since Julie left, the group 4 . She kept everyone focused.
Brock: Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll be fine.

NOW YOU! Reflect on your learning

Read the statements and tick (✓) to evaluate your learning.

I can understand and use vocabulary to talk about success, particularly in the
entertainment industry.
Vocabulary

I can understand and use vocabulary about inventions.

I can use the affirmative form of the past perfect.

Grammar
I can use the past simple and past perfect.

I can listen for specific information by thinking about the key words I can expect to
Listening
hear for the topic.

Reading I can identify key words to find the main ideas.

Writing I can use set expressions in formal emails.

Speaking I can talk about different types of success.

Idioms and
I can use idioms and expressions for success.
expressions

I can do it very well. I can do it. I’m not sure about it. I need to review it.

Idioms and expressions for success / Learning to learn 19

 PROJECT: Entrepreneurs

Team members
        

TASK 1

My role:

My qualities and skills:

My responsibilities:

 ➔ Student’s book page 11

TASK 2

Product/Service we will offer:

Our slogan:

 ➔ Student’s book page 13

TASK 3
What we will include in our leaflet:
Mind map

 ➔ Student’s book page 16

20 Project task notes

 Project Units 1 and 2

TASK 4

Company values:

Company goals:

Our vision for the future:

Mission statement:

 ➔ Student’s book page 19

TASK 5

Facts about inspirational business:

 ➔ Student’s book page 21

TASK 6
Different ways to make your leaflet.

➔ Student’s book page 24

FINAL TASK

The part I will present:

Business most likely to succeed:

Most interesting business:

Most unusual business:

 ➔ Student’s book page 26

Project task notes 21

 Unit 1 Grammar reference

Verb tense review Verb tense review: questions

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE QUESTIONS

Use it to express permanent situations, routines and facts. Yes/No
Does Gates own a company?
She always seems to be available. questions
Use it with time expressions such as usually, sometimes, Wh-
always, every day. What do graphic designers do?
questions
PAST SIMPLE
Use it to express actions that started and ended in the past. Do/Does + subject + infinitive
He started working here last year.
Do you have a minute to talk?
Use it with time expressions such as yesterday, some time
ago, last week, before, in the past. Does London sound like a nice place to live?
PRESENT PERFECT Wh- question word + do/does + subject + infinitive
Use it to express actions that occurred at an unspecified point Why do dogs bark?
of time in the past or situations that continue to the present.
She has won two awards. We can use the auxiliary verbs have and be in the same
They have all been at the company for over a year. way as do. Present simple questions with be do not need
Use it with time expressions such as for a year, since a main verb.
1997, already, yet, always, never.
Where are you?

Remember that we always add an -s to regular PAST SIMPLE QUESTIONS

verbs expressed in the third person singular in the
Yes/No
present simple. Did Chanel create the logo?
questions
I like spending time with my friends.
Wh-
You like watching movies in the evening. When did Chanel launch her company?
questions
BUT She likes going to bed late on Fridays.

Remember that we use the past simple, not the present Did + subject + infinitive
perfect, when we talk about events that have already Did you find the money?
finished, even if we are talking about very recent
events. For example: Wh- question word + did + subject + infinitive
Did you enjoy the yoga class this morning? When did they buy their tickets?
Yes, I loved it!
PRESENT PERFECT QUESTIONS
NOT Yes, I have loved it!
Yes/No Have Wieden and his team written any other
questions famous slogans?
Wh-
What has Gates done through his charity?
questions

Have/Has + subject + past participle

Have you started your homework yet?
Has the basketball game finished?

Wh- question word + have/has + subject + past participle

Why haven’t you done the homework?
Where has he gone?

84 Grammar reference
 Unit 2 Grammar reference

Past perfect: affirmative Past simple and past perfect

Use the past perfect to show that an action happened Use the past simple to Use the past perfect with
before another action in the past. talk about an event or a the past simple to show that
Walt Disney had built a multimillion-dollar business empire chain of events that finished an action happened before
before his death in 1966. in the past. another action in the past.
• He built the empire. Then he died. Bubble wrap didn’t become Manuel Jalón Corominas
successful until IBM used it had already invented the
By the time he opened Disneyland, many people had seen
to package a computer. mop but Joy Mangano
his films.
improved the design.
• People saw the films. Then he opened Disneyland.
Use time expressions like by then, by the time, before that,
already. We often use the past simple and the past perfect when
the order of verbs in a story is not the same as the
order of events.
We use the past perfect when we talk about two things
We arrived in London and realised we had left our
that happened at different times in the past. We use the
cameras at home.
past perfect to make clear which action happened first.
left cameras ➞ arrived ➞ realised
He went home because he had injured himself.
injured himself ➞ went home We use the past perfect to add information when we
The school had been open for a year when the new talk about an event that happened in the past.
head teacher arrived. Past simple Past simple & past perfect
school opened ➞ new head teacher arrived Joy Mangano improved Manuel Jalón Corominas
the design of the mop had already invented the
We use before, after and already with the past perfect. in 1990. mop but Joy Mangano
I hadn’t seen giraffes before I went on a safari improved the design in
in Africa. 1990.
After we’d said goodnight, I went upstairs and brushed My sister moved to My sister had never
my teeth. England in 2014. spoken English before
I’d already arrived home when it started to rain. she moved to England in
2014.
We form the past perfect with had + past participle. The athlete won three The athlete had lost every
We use the same form, had, for all subjects. For races in July. race that year until she
irregular past participles, see the Irregular Verbs List on won three in July.
page 97.

Workbook pages 93-96 85

 Grammar practice

Unit 1 3 He invented many things. Then he invented

electricity.
1 Write questions using the verbs in the correct tense.

1 she / work / in the Marketing department /

4 She played the leading role in a lot of films. That
now / ?
is why she became famous.
Does she work in the Marketing department now?
2 you / last night / enjoy / the film /
5 He worked in theatre. Then he did a feature film.
about Coco Chanel / ?

6 She was in a band. Then she became a solo artist.

3 what / you / usually / in Art class / do / ?

4 go / you / every summer / on holiday / ?

Unit 3

1 Read and complete the sentences with the verbs in

5 when / Bill Gates / create Microsoft / ? the past simple or past continuous.

1 The prince was riding his horse when he

6 yet / you read / this autobiography / ?
(see) a strange animal in the
forest.

2 Match the questions in exercise 1 with the answers. 2 I (drive) when it started to rain.
3 He (read) a book when he
a Yes, I did. She was an interesting woman.
got a telephone call.
b No, I haven’t. I really want to, but I haven’t
4 She was eating her dinner when there
got time at the moment.
(be) a knock at the door.
c Yes, my family and I spend a fortnight in
5 They (do) a project in English
Italy every july.
when the bell rang.
d We paint and draw. At the moment we’re
6 He (live) in London when he
making sculptures.
met his best friend.
e Yes, she started working there last month.
f I think it was in the 1970s. 2 Use reported speech to rewrite the sentences.

1 ‘It’s only a legend,’ Dad said.

Unit 2
Dad said it was only a legend.
1 Combine the sentences using the past perfect and 2 ‘I believe many legends are about true events,’
past simple with before or because.
Susie said.
1 He built the empire. Then he died.
He had built the empire before he died. 3 ‘I have to leave because it isn’t safe,’ the actor
2 By 2015 he was very rich. He opened said.
a successful business.

Grammar practice 93
 Irregular verbs

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE
be was/were been let let let
become became become lose lost lost
begin began begun make made made
bite bit bitten mean meant meant
break broke broken meet met met
bring brought brought pay paid paid
build built built put put put
buy bought bought read read read
can could — ride rode ridden
catch caught caught ring rang rung
choose chose chosen run ran run
come came come say said said
cost cost cost see saw seen
cut cut cut sell sold sold
do did done send sent sent
draw drew drawn set set set
dream dreamt/ dreamt/ shoot shot shot
dreamed dreamed show showed shown
drink drank drunk shut shut shut
drive drove driven sing sang sung
eat ate eaten sink sank sunk
fall fell fallen sit sat sat
feel felt felt sleep slept slept
fight fought fought smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
find found found speak spoke spoken
fly flew flown spend spent spent
forget forgot forgotten stand stood stood
get got got steal stole stolen
give gave given sweep swept swept
go went gone swim swam swum
grow grew grown take took taken
have had had teach taught taught
hear heard heard tell told told
hide hid hidden think thought thought
hit hit hit throw threw thrown
hold held held understand understood understood
hurt hurt hurt wake woke woken
keep kept kept wear wore worn
know knew known win won won
lay laid laid write wrote written
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
Irregular verbs 97
 Wordlist

UNIT 1 UNIT 2
Skills and strengths The entertainment industry
Skills Strengths feature film
analytical skills active full-length
communication creative animated
creativity enthusiastic musical
empathy imaginative production
negotiation meticulous release
numeracy resourceful remake
passion sociable sequel
problem solving systematic
talkative Inventions
thoughtful bubble wrap
copycat
Business design
company idea
earn insulation
employee invest
identity mop
launch perfume
logo suitcase
product wallpaper
run your own business
service Success and failure
slogan achievement
success fail
target market focused
grit
Jobs habits
architect lose heart
entrepreneur motivated
firefighter passionate
graphic designer perseverance
marine biologist set goals
newspaper editor succeed
psychologist successful
radio DJ

98 Wordlist
 Wordlist

UNIT 3 UNIT 4
Storytelling The Earth
biography introduction algae life
character novel birds ocean
climax play dinosaurs oxygen
comic strip plot extinct planet
conflict poem fern revolve
fairy tale resolution homo sapiens swamp
fictional setting hospitable
hero theme
The Universe
The natural world The planets Celestial bodies
burn Mercury asteroid
harmony Venus comet
human Earth float
land Mars gravity
light Jupiter meteor
sky Saturn meteorite
the Earth Uranus meteoroid
the Universe Neptune Moon
water orbit
wood star
Sun
Myths
battle Space exploration
death astronaut
evil discovery
fight experiment
giant ISS (International Space Station)
gift mission
god NASA
goddess remote
Greek research laboratory
humanity satellite
king science
knowledge Space Age
Norse spaceflight
technology
telescope

Workbook pages 102–104 99

 Wordlist

UNIT 5 UNIT 6
Ancient monuments Phrasal verbs
archaeologist path figure out
build pharaoh find out
circular primitive give up
construction pyramid look for
drawing stone look into
Egypt Stonehenge
England structure Detective work
geometric tomb alibi private detective
huge tonnes clue red herring
criminal sleuth
UFOs and aliens deduction steal
alien fake evidence suspect
being footage hunch unsolved
clue military illegal witness
conspiracy theory newspaper reports lawyer
controversy spaceship
crash truth Investigation
debris UFO analyse
documentary check
conclusion
Mysteries cover-up
crop circles disappearance
evidence discuss
fact interview
hoax missing
mysterious notice
pattern police officer
phenomenon / phenomena solve
prove stick to
theory

100 Wordlist
 Wordlist

UNIT 7 Technological advances

chat internet platform
Communication I conversation keep up to date
app message device landline
attachment real-time digital addict library
computer literate social media encyclopaedias loneliness
contact vlog generation Millennial
email account mobile phone
GPS email UNIT 9
junk mail
Human achievements
The internet aeroplane milestone
chat room spam AI (Artificial Intelligence) the personal computer
download user-friendly boom the Space Race
install virus driverless cars turning point
online webcam the internet
platform website
software The 20th century
Issues Events
Academic honesty democracy the Cold War
assessment get away with something empire civil rights movements
assignment pass a test feminist the First World War
cheating plagiarism freedom the Second World War
e-learning punishment human rights the United Nations
expel hunger the Universal Declaration
living conditions of Human Rights

UNIT 8 manufacture
opportunity
Communication II oppression
community satellite peace
globalisation screen peaceful
integration social media political ideas
isolated solitude poor
keep in touch tablet poverty
multitask worldwide protest
religious groups
Publicity
The environment
advert objective
blog pin badge climate change heavy industry
brochure placard damage man-made threat
bumper sticker poster deforestation pollution
conference privacy ecological population growth
face-to-face promote environmental disaster recycle
flyer raise awareness fossil fuel resources
get involved subjective global warming timber
influence subscribe health waste

Workbook pages 102–104 101

 Wordlist exercises

Unit 1 3 Sally is passion / passionate about politics. She

wants to be the prime minister and I think she will
1 Add vowels to complete the words. achievement / achieve her goal one day!
4 My brother is my inspiration. He sets goals /
1 To work in sales, you need to finds goals and never loses heart / fails heart.
be nth s st c and know your 5 I really want to go and see that new animate /
animated film. It’s a musical / musically, too!
t rg t m rk t. I love singing along!
6 What do you prefer, a remake / remade of
2 Gr ph c d s gn rs are
an old film or a newly production / produced
usually cr t v and sequel?
7 It’s not easy to find someone to invested / invest
m g n t v .
in a designed / design that you have created.
3 To be a r d DJ, you need good 8 I love your new perfumed / perfume. Was it
expensive or is it just a copied / copycat?
c mm n c t n skills.
You also have to be very t lk t v .
Unit 3
4 A good psych l g st has strong
n l t c l skills and 1 Match the words with the definitions.

mp th . a setting f battle
b harmony g wood
5 If you want to be an ntr pr n r, c goddess h resolution
you need n g t t n skills d character i burn
e biography j evil
and to be good at pr bl m
1 The written history of a person’s life.
s lv ng.
2 A force that causes bad things to happen.
6 People who r n their wn
3 A person or animal that appears in a story.
b s n ss know that
s cc ss often comes slowly. 4 The place and time when a story takes
place.
7 A memorable c mp ny has a modern
looking l g and a clear sl g n. 5 A feeling of tranquility and ease.

8 rch t cts sometimes rn a 6 To set something on fire.

lot of money. 7 The part of a story where a problem is

solved.
Unit 2 8 The hard material that comes from trees.

1 Choose the correct option. 9 A violent fight between groups of people.

1 If you want to succeed / success, you need to 10 A powerful female spirit or energy.
stay focus / focused.
2 With faith and persevered / perseverance after
his first failed / failure, he kept going and finally
became a famous actor.

102 Wordlist exercises

 Wordlist exercises

Unit 4 f to investigate strange phenomena.

1 Use the words to complete the text. g found in a pyramid.

h of primitive civilisation.
asteroids  ​gravity  ​hospitable  ​
Mars  Moon  ​oxygen  ​revolve  ​satellite i made by man with a tractor.
j made of stone found in Amazon.
Humans started exploring space sixty years ago,
but we haven’t found another 1
Unit 6
planet yet. In 1969, astronauts first landed on the
2
, and it became known as Earth’s 1 Complete the phrasal verbs using into, up or out.
3
. The Moon’s craters were Then use them in a sentence.

caused by 4 and meteorites. 1 look

It has very little 5
and no
6
. It takes 28 days to
2 find
7
around Earth. The goal is now
to send humans to 8 . Another
name for this planet is ‘the red planet’. 3 give

Unit 5 4 figure

1 Add letters to complete the words, then match the

parts of the headlines.
2 Choose the odd one out and say why it is different.
1 Crop circle h x
1 apple / banana / potato / pear
2 New f age of
Potato – because the others are all fruit.
3 Archaeologists find e nce
2 criminal / lawyer / police officer / private
4 Scientists say new th y
detective
5 D c m ary on
6 M l t ry called
3 analyse / check / discuss / illegal
7 Huge c nstr n
8 D b s from mysterious
4 clue / evidence / hunch / unsolved
9 Second st e str tu
discovered
5 disappearance / missing / mysterious /
10 Another E yp n ph oh
suspicious
a about UFO sightings is false.
b life of scientist upsets family. 6 alibi / private detective / suspect / witness
c crash found on A45.
d at Stonehenge. 7 conclusion / deduction / solve / steal
e aliens proved fake.

Wordlist exercises 103

 Wordlist exercises

Unit 7 7 I went to a really interesting conference /

community about social media and digital
1 Complete the sentences with the correct words. loneliness last week.
8 We should know how to protect our own
attachment  ​
cheating  ​install  ​junk mail  ​ privacy / globalisation carefully in this digital
message  ​punishment  ​social media  ​virus age.

1 A girl at school was expelled for

Unit 9
.
1 Match the pairs of words.
2 Mum, can you help me some
1 air a fuels
new software on my computer?
2 fossil b threat
3 I can’t believe how much
3 living c rights
I get these days. It’s really annoying.
4 religious d change
4 I sent my assignment to the teacher by email with
5 climate e cars
an . I hope it arrives!
6 man-made f groups
5 I have stopped using and
I feel so much happier and more confident. 7 driverless g conditions

6 Oh no! I think my computer has a 8 human h pollution

! It’s probably from that 2 Use the pairs of words from exercise 1 to complete
gaming chat room. the sentences.

7 What is the for plagiarism 1 kills hundreds of thousands

at your school? of people every year.
8 Will you send me a when 2 Deforestation is destroying the Amazon.
you get there to tell me you are safe? It’s a .
3 As a result of and loss of
Unit 8 habitat, many animal species are endangered.
1 Choose the correct option. 4 We should stop burning and
1 People were carrying placards / pin badges at start using renewable resources.
the protest.
2 I’m going to miss you so much! Please don’t 5 There are countries in the world where
forget to multitask / keep in touch. are still very poor and many
3 The NGO is trying to get involved / raise
awareness about climate change in our local people live in poverty.
area. 6 I believe that have a
4 I think the advert for those new trainers is totally
objective / subjective. There’s no way they can responsibility to spread peace, not hate.
promise that you’ll have more friends if you wear 7 Laws that protect should be
them.
5 Lily, we need to have a brochure / conversation respected by all countries.
about how much time you spend in front of a
8 I think that are a bit scary.
screen.
6 The purpose of publicity is to influence / promote How do they know how to stop suddenly so they
the audience. don’t cause accidents?

104 Wordlist exercises