CHAPTER
5
ReDOx
ReDOx :
Reduction oxidation reactions occur side by side (at the same time) during a
chemical reaction.
- In terms of oxygen, hydrogen, electrons & oxidation state.
iN tERm% o& oXId(Ti)N rEDuCTi)N
Oxygen Gain Loss
Hydrogen Loss Gain
Electrons Loss Gain
Oxidation state increase decrease
N.B : (Very important)
In terms of words (examples) :
1- ine → ide Reduction (chlorine to chloride)
2- ide → ine Oxidation (chloride to chlorine)
3- element → ate Oxidation (chlorine to chlorate)
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ChAPtER 5
Examples:
Reduction
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
Oxidation
1. In,Te-Ms,Of,Ox.GeN:
Fe2O3 CO
Reduction Oxidation
(Loss of oxygen) (Gain of oxygen)
Again: Because both reduction and oxidation are going on side-by-side, this is
known as a redox reaction.
Ox/Di0In1 aND2-Ed3CiNG2(GeNTs
An,Ox/Di0In1 a1En4 (Ox/DaNT) :
A substance which oxidizes something else and being itself reduced.
- In the above example, the iron (IIl) oxide is the oxidizing agent.
A2-Ed3CiNG2(GeNT (ReDUc4An4):
A substance which reduces something else and being itself oxidized.
- In the equation, the carbon monoxide is the reducing agent.
8+
ChAPtER 5
Question
ZnO + C → Zn + CO
Answer:
1- which reagent is oxidized:
2- which reagent is Reduced:
3- which reagent is the oxidizing agent:
4- which reagent is the Reducing agent:
N.B :
If you are asked to deduce an oxidizing agent in an equation choose directly
either Cl2 or Br2 , as they are always oxidizing agents.
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ChAPtER 5
2. iN tERm% o& h.Dr)GeN t-An%Fe- :
Reduction
H2S + Cl2 → 2HCl + S
Oxidation
Question
In the above example, Complete:
Answer:
1- which reagent is oxidized:
2- which reagent is Reduced:
3- which reagent is the oxidizing agent:
4- which reagent is the Reducing agent:
Lose Hydrogen: Oxidation
2NH3 + 3Br2 → N2 + 6HBr
Gain hydrogen: Reduction
Question
In the above example, Complete:
Answer:
1- which reagent is oxidized:
2- which reagent is Reduced:
3- which reagent is the oxidizing agent:
4- which reagent is the Reducing agent:
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ChAPtER 5
3. Ox/Da4IoN aND2-Ed3Ct/On,In,Te-Ms,Of,ElECt-On,Tr(Ns&Er:
gENe-Al,Ru8E :
- Loss of electron(s): oxidation
- Gaining of electron(s): Reduction
Examples:
loss of 2 e-
2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2Na+Cl- (s)
gain of 2 e-
loss of 2 e-
2Na (s) + O2 (g) → (Na+)2O2- (s)
gain of 2 e-
loss of 2 e-
2Na (s) + S (s) → (Na+)2S2- (s)
gain of 2 e-
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ChAPtER 5
r3Le eXAm:Le
The oxidation number of the In H2 the oxidation number of H is 0.
uncombined element is zero (0). In Cl2 the oxidation number of Cl is 0.
The oxidation number of the element in
In Zn2+ the oxidation number of Zn is +2.
a simple monoatomic ion is the charge in
In O2- the oxidation number of O is -2.
the ion.
In water (H2O), the oxidation number of H
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a
is +1 and the oxidation number of O is -2
compound is zero (0).
[2 x (+1)] + [1 ! (-2)] = 0
The sum of the oxidation numbers in In the manganate (VIl) ion (MnO4-), the
a compound ion (molecular ion) is the oxidation number of Mn is +7
charge on the ion. [1 ! (+7)] + [4 ! (-2)] = -1
Example:
Mg + CuSO4 → MgSO4 + Cu
Answer:
- Mg : 0 → 2+ (lost electrons so oxidised)
- Cu : 2+ → 0 (gained electrons so reduced)
- SO4 : 2- → 2- (didn’t gain or lose spectator ion)
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ChAPtER 5
Question 1
2Na + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2
Answer:
- Na :
- H:
- Cl:
Question 2
Cl2 + 2KI → 2KCl + I2
Answer:
- Cl :
-K:
-I:
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ChAPtER 5
CoMMoNLy,UsED2)XiDIz/Ng,AgENt:
1
Potassium manganate (VII):
Reacts with reducing agent, color change from pink (purple) to colorless
CoMMoNLy,UsED2-Ed3CiNG2(GeNTs:
1
Carbon monoxide:
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
2
Hydrogen:
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
3
Carbon:
2ZnO + C → 2Zn + CO2
4
Potassium iodide (KI):
reacts with an oxidizing agent and change color from colorless to red brown.
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ChAPtER 5
IoNIc,Eq3At/On% (vERy,Im:Or4An4)
Metal and metal
1 Full ionic 2 Half ionic 3 ion
StEPs,To,Wr/Te,A2NEt,IoNIc,Eq3At/On:
1
Write a balanced chemical symbolic equation
2
split compounds to show the ions that form in solution when each soluble
strong electrolyte dissociates or ionizes into its component ions
- Only (soluble ionic and acids can form ions) “Revise solubility”.
3
Identify and cancel spectator ions that occur on both sides of the
equation.
4
Write net ionic equations
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ChAPtER 5
IoNIc,Eq3At/On%
IoNIc,Eq3At/On:
The simplified equation for reaction involving ionic substance where only those
ions which takes part in the reaction are shown.
SpECt(To- i)N:
Ions that do not take part in the reaction.
ChEMiCAl,Eq3At/On:
2Al (s) + 3CuSO4 (aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3Cu (s)
i)NiC eQUa4IoN:
2Al (s) + 3Cu2+ 3SO4 2- (aq) → 2Al3+ 3SO42- + 3Cu (s)
Spectator ion
2Al (s) + 3Cu2+ → 2Al3+ + 3Cu (s)
9?
ChAPtER 5
i)NiC eQUa4IoN f)R2DIs:LaCEmENt,Re(Ct/On:
Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Zn (s) + 2H+ 2Cl- (aq) → Zn2+ 2Cl- + H2 (g)
Zn (s) + 2H+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + H2 (g)
CuCO3 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O
CuCO3 (s) + 2H+ 2NO3- (aq) → Cu2+ 2NO3- (aq) + CO2 + H2O
Spectator ion
CuCO3 (s) + 2H+ (aq) → Cu2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O
2Na0 + Mg2+ → 2Na+ + Mg0
2Al0 + 3Zn2+ → 2Al3+ + 3Zn0
- Redox reaction where the more reactive metal is oxidised and less reactive
metal ion is reduced
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ChAPtER 5
i)NiC eQUa4IoN f)R2NEu4Ra8Iz(Ti)N :
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Na+ OH- (aq) + H+ Cl- (aq) → Na+ Cl- (aq) + H2O (l)
OH- (aq) + H+ (aq) → H2O (l)
i)NiC eQUa4IoN f)R2:Er/Ci:It(Ti)N :
CuSO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq)
Cu2+ SO42- (aq) + 2Na+ 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2Na+ SO42- (aq)
Cu2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s)
BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
Ba2+ 2Cl- (aq) + 2Na+ SO42- (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2Na+ 2Cl- (aq)
Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → BaSO4 (s)
h(Lf,IoNIc,Eq3At/On :
Na+ + e- → Na
2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
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