Question

Using matrix analysis for the structure shown in Figure 1:

(a) Determine non-zero degrees of freedom;

(b) Form stiffness matrix for the entire structure;
(c) Form load vector for the entire structure;
(d) Determine the magnitudes of axial force in BE and bending moment at node D.

Take EA  8104 N and EI  2.667 1010 N .mm2 .

EA
4m

25kN/m
Hinge
A
2EI B EI, EA C

2m

EI

2m 10kN/m

3m 3m

Figure 1

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Solution

EA

25kN/m

A 1
1 2EI B EI, EA C
3
2

4m
EI
2 marks for DOFs
10kN/m

3m 3m

Figure 1

Stiffness matrix:

1 2 3
0 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0 
AB
K  0 4 EI / L 2 EI / L   0 4( 2 EI ) / 3 2( 2 EI ) / 3  0 8 EI / 3 4 EI / 3
0 2 EI / L 4 EI / L 0 2( 2 EI ) / 3 4( 2 EI ) / 3 0 4 EI / 3 8 EI / 3

1 3

K
BC

 EA / L 0    EA / 3 0 
 0 4 EI / L 
  0 4 EI / 3


1 3
DB 12 EI / L3 6 EI / L2  12 EI / 64 6 EI / 16 3EI / 16 3 EI / 8
K     6 EI / 16 
2 4 EI / L   4 EI / 4 
  3EI / 8 EI 
 6 EI / L
1
K
BE
 
 EA / L cos2  EA / 5  0.62  0.36 EA / 5   

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 1 2 3

0.4053EA  0.1875EI 0 0.375 EI 

K   0 2.667 EI 1.333EI 
 0.375 EI 1.333EI 5 EI 

Force vector:

 0   0 
18ql / 192   3.75 
  ql 2 / 12   18.75
AB DB

F
 2  
F
5ql 2 / 192  4.167
  
 ql / 12   18.75 

 3.75 
F   18.75
 22.917 

Therefore with EA  8 10 N and EI  2.667 10 N .mm

4 10 2

 0.0262 
1
 K F  - 0.4021
 0.2771 

Forces at BE:

0.36EA / 5 0.0262  0.36  80000

5
 0.0262
 150.912 N  Axial Force at BE 
150.912
0.6
 251.52 N

Moment at D:

 ....  .... .... .... .... .... .... 

 0   ... 
 ....  .... .... .... .... .... ....   0   .... 
 M  .... .... .... .... 
6 EI 2 EI     
 D   16 4   0   9.167  M  12.61kN .m
 ....  .... .... .... .... .... ....   0   ...  D
 .....  .... .... .... .... .... ....  0.0262  .... 
 .....  .... .... .... .... .... ....
 0.2779  .... 


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Question

Using matrix analysis determine

(a) The magnitude and direction of rotation at B located on the continuous beam ABCD;
(b) The magnitude and direction of bending moment at F.

Hint: EA=! such that axial deformations are neglected. The flexural rigidity for member
ABCD is 2EI. The flexural rigidity for members BE and CF is EI.

15kN/m

! !
A B 2EI C D

50kN 50kN
4m
EI Hinge EI
2m
E
F

3m 6m 3m

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!
 15kN/m

!
3m
! E B 1 2EI 1 C ! D
A 3m
2
2
50kN EI EI 50kN 4m

E
F

3m 6m !3m

Stiffness matrix:

"! 1 1
K
AB
[
= 4 EI / L
AB
]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! K BC [ EI / LBC ]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! K CD [ EI / LCD ]!!!!!!!
= 4 = 4

!
#! 2
K
EB
[
= 4 EI / L
EB
]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! K CF [ EI / LEB ]!
= 4

&8 EI / L AB + 8 EI / L
BC
+ 8 EI / L
CD
0 #
K = $ 0 4 EI / L + 4 EI / L !
% EB CF " !
&8 EI / 3 + 8 EI / 6 + 8 EI / 3 0 #
$% 0 4 EI / 5 + 4 EI / 5!
"

!
1 2

K=
&20 EI / 3 0 #
!
$% 0 8 EI / 5!
"

Load vector:!!

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!
!
1 "! 1 2
F
AB
[
= 11.25 ] !!!!!! F BC = [− 90] !!!!!!!!!! F CD = [11.25] !!!!! F EB = F FC =
& 50 sin 53.13 × 5 # [ ]!
= 25
$% 8 !"

F =
&− 67.5# ! 1
$% 50 !"
2
!

U vector:!

U =K
−1
F =
1 &8 EI / 5 0 # = &3 / 20 EI 0 # & − 67.5# & − 10.125 / EI #
= !
$
160 E 2 I 2 / 15 % 0 " $% 0
20 EI / 3! " $% 50 !" $% 31.25 / EI !"
5 / 8 EI !

Therefore !B= 10.125 clockwise.

Moment at E:!

& ... # & ... ... ... .... ... ... # & 0 # & ... #
$ ... ! $.... .... ! $ 0 ! $ ... !
$ M ! $....
.... .... .... ....
.... 2 EI / L ! $ 0 ! $ 25 ! 2 EI 31.25
$ E! = $ ! $ ! + $ ... ! → M E = 5 ⋅ EI + 25 = 37.5kNm !
.... .... ....
0 0
$ ... ! $.... .... .... .... ....
!$ ! $ !
$ ... ! $.... .... .... .... .... ....
! $ 0 ! $ ... !
$% ... !" %$.... .... .... .... .... 4 EI / L "! %$31.25 / EI "! %$ − 25"!

Therefore MF= 37.5kN.m clockwise.

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!