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Table of Contents
1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Necessity and Significance of FYP................................................................................................6
1.3 Literature review............................................................................................................................6
1.4 Research Gap and Novelty.............................................................................................................7
1.5 Methodology:.................................................................................................................................8
1.5.1 Flow Chart.............................................................................................................................8
1.6 SDGs..............................................................................................................................................9
1.7 Feasibility Analysis......................................................................................................................10

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List of Figures
Figure- -1 Spiral blade...................................................................................................................................5
Figure- 2 Archimedes wind Turbine..............................................................................................................5
Figure - 3 Archimedes spiral wind turbine (ASWT) augmented by a concentrator.....................................5
Figure- -5 CFD Simulation............................................................................................................................7
Figure--6 Methodology..................................................................................................................................8
Figure7 Schematic Diagram 2.......................................................................................................................8
Figure - -8 Schematic Diagram......................................................................................................................8
Figure -9 Affordable and clean enenrgy........................................................................................................9
Figure-10 Responsible consumption and production....................................................................................9

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 Fabrication and Analysis of Archimedes Liam F1 wind
turbine with and without Concentrator
1.1 Abstract
Small-scale wind turbines are increasingly gaining importance despite they are still in the shadow of the
megawatt-sized wind turbine development boom. Areas far removed from the electricity grid pose great
potential for small-scale wind turbines. In such instances an Archimedean-spiral type wind turbine
(ASWT) which is a new kind of horizontal-axis wind turbine maybe used for small-scale applications
including off-grid power. Wind power is one of the fastest developing alternative energy technologies.
Continuous improvement of the performance of urban wind turbines has become essential to achieving
sustainability for developing countries to reduce dependence on fossil fuel. However, conventional wind
turbines are designed with wind speeds higher than 5 m/s. This value limits the choice of wind turbines
that can be implemented. A new type of horizontal axis wind turbine, namely, Archimedes spiral wind
turbine (ASWT) is designed for urban utilization. It is characterized as a lift-drag type wind turbine.
Furthermore, a concentrator has been augmented to the ASWT to improve the turbine performance.
Keywords: Archimedes wind turbine, spiral wind turbine, lift, drag, opening angle, power conservation
systems

1.2 Introduction
Due to the well-established reality of global warming, humans are increasingly inclined to develop
technology that enables the responsible and renewable generation of electricity. Much of this renewable
generation is installed in large industrial areas or parks of big dimensions. Self-consumption is mostly
solar, leaving aside wind self-consumption, also known as small wind power. This small wind power
could be of great use so that electricity generation does not depend exclusively on sunlight and can
continue to be generated at night and on darker days. In addition, small wind turbines are not located in
places where the wind is so constant and regular, as this is where big wind turbines are placed.
A new type of wind turbine is the Archimedes spiral wind turbine (ASWT). It consists of three conical
blades wrapped around each other for one complete cycle with a fixed pitch like a coil. It forms a conical
shape turbine. The ASWT exploits both the drag and lift forces to generate the required power. Unlike the
VAWT that uses only the drag force to extract power from wind. The cut-off speed of Archimedes wind
turbine is low compared with the different kinds of wind turbines, so it is suitable for urban areas with
coastal areas where the wind speed is low. The advantages of the ASWT structure are more obvious in
many circumstances, such as around buildings because the ASWT operates at low wind speeds. The wind
direction changes permanently in an urban environment. However, the ASWT is automatically directed to
the wind direction because of its passive yaw control. So, there is no need for electronic yawing
equipment due to the drag force and the Specific Shape of the blades. Besides, it has low noise because of
the relatively low rotational speed. The disadvantage of the ASWT is the high thrust force compared to a
conventional HAWT.
The world market for small wind turbine systems is enlarging at a rate of 40 to 50% per year, however the
small-size wind system is considered as economically unfeasible due to its still low efficiency in spite of
its high necessity and marketability. Thus, an innovative design is strongly required to increase the
efficiency of small-size wind power systems. To solve this issue, an Archimedes spiral blade wind turbine
(Archimedes wind mill, so called as ASWT) using the principle of Archimedes spiral has been
recommended as one of promising alternatives. The ASWT is able to rotate even at a low wind speed to
produce electric energy at operating velocities below 5 m/s.

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 Figure- -1 Spiral blade
Figure- 2 Archimedes wind Turbine

There are different ways for increasing the wind energy density and therefore enlarge the power output
from the wind turbines. The concentrator is used to capture more streamlines striking the turbine rotor to
increase the power generated. This concept involves shrouding the turbine blades with a convergent
nozzle and hence increasing the mass flow rate through the wind turbine the design of the Archimedes
Liam F1 turbine, integrating a concentrator or tube plays a crucial role in enhancing its overall efficiency.
The concentrator helps direct and amplify the wind flow towards the turbine blades, ensuring a more
focused and concentrated stream of air. By channeling wind directly into the turbine's rotating blades, the
concentrator reduces turbulence and energy losses that occur in open wind conditions. This allows the
turbine to harness more energy from even low-speed winds, which is particularly beneficial in urban
environments where wind patterns are irregular.
Additionally, the concentrator can increase the pressure of the incoming wind, accelerating it before it
reaches the rotor. This results in a higher kinetic energy transfer, allowing the turbine to generate more
power for the same wind speed. Since small vertical axis turbines like the Liam F1 often operate in
varying wind conditions, the concentrator's ability to stabilize and increase wind speed improves the
overall energy conversion rate. By optimizing wind flow through the concentrator, the turbine can achieve
a higher efficiency compared to designs without this feature, making it a more reliable and effective
solution for sustainable energy generation [1].

Figure - 3 Archimedes spiral wind turbine (ASWT) augmented by a concentrator

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1.3 Problem Statement:
The maximum power coefficient Cp of Archimedes spiral wind turbine is low at low speed so to
countered that we are integrating the concentrator on ASWT to increase the efficiency at low speed.

1.4 Necessity and Significance of FYP

The Archimedes Liam F1 wind turbine is an innovative solution to the growing need for renewable
energy, specifically designed for urban and small-scale applications. Its compact, spiral-shaped design
allows it to capture wind efficiently, even at low speeds, making it highly suitable for areas with
inconsistent wind conditions, such as cities. Unlike traditional turbines, the Liam F1 operates quietly and
has a minimal visual footprint, allowing it to be installed on rooftops and in residential areas without
causing noise or aesthetic disturbances. This turbine enables homeowners and small businesses to
generate their own electricity, reducing dependence on the power grid, lowering energy costs, and
contributing to energy independence. Its ability to provide clean, renewable energy in urban environments
makes it a vital tool in the fight against climate change, offering a more sustainable and eco-friendlier
alternative to fossil fuel-based power generation. Moreover, its aesthetic design and scalability make it
adaptable for various settings, promoting wider adoption of wind energy, especially in areas where
traditional turbines are impractical[2].

Figure- 4 Effect of wind velocity on cp at different values of TSR

1.5 Literature review

Kim et al. [3] examined the performance of the ASWT experimentally and theoretically and concluded
that the maximum CP was 0.25 at a tip speed ratio of about 2. Gassemi. [4] used an ANSYS CFX solver
to numerically examine the performance of ASWT and fulfilled that at various wind speeds, when the
TSR is 2.5, the maximum power coefficient is about 0.26. In an experimental analysis, Ozeh et al.
evaluated the performance of the ASWT. The optimal TSR of the wind turbine was 1.48 at a wind speed
of 4 m/s. Jang et al. [5] performed numerical simulations of the Archimedes spiral wind turbines, and then
validated the numerical results with experimental results. The obtained results noted that the turbine has a
maximum CP of 0.293 at a tip speed ratio of 2.19.
The Archimedes Liam F1 wind turbine represents a significant advancement in small-scale renewable
energy solutions, especially for urban environments where traditional large-scale turbines are impractical.
Existing literature highlights the efficiency of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in urban settings,
where wind direction is variable, and space is limited. The Liam F1's unique spiral design, inspired by the
nautilus shell, enables it to capture wind more efficiently than conventional turbines, even at lower wind

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speeds, making it particularly suitable for cities. Studies show that the turbine achieves higher energy
conversion rates while maintaining a quiet operation, which is essential for residential areas. Adding a
wind concentrator to the turbine design further enhances its performance by channeling and accelerating
wind towards the blades, utilizing the Venturi effect. Research demonstrates that concentrators can
significantly improve the efficiency of wind turbines, particularly in low-wind conditions, by reducing
turbulence and increasing wind speed. However, designing an optimal concentrator that enhances airflow
without causing additional drag presents a technical challenge. While studies on combining the Liam F1
turbine with a concentrator are limited, this project seeks to address this gap, aiming to increase energy
production for small-scale, decentralized wind systems in urban areas.
Table 1 input & output parameters

Input Parameters Output Parameter

• Wind speed • Power output
• Blade angle • Turbine efficiency
• Turbine height • Router speed
• Blade material
• No of blades

1.6 Research Gap and Novelty

In this project, the novelty lies in the integration of a wind concentrator with the Archimedes Liam F1
turbine to enhance its efficiency, particularly in low-wind urban environments. While the Liam F1 turbine
is already known for its innovative design and high performance at low wind speeds, the addition of a
concentrator aims to further optimize wind flow and increase energy capture. This combination has not
been extensively explored in existing research, particularly in the context of small-scale urban wind
turbines. To address the research gap, we are conducting a detailed comparison between Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental analysis. CFD simulations will allow us to model
airflow and predict the performance of the turbine with the concentrator under various wind conditions,
while experimental analysis will validate these simulations through real-world testing. By comparing
these two methods, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of how the concentrator impacts the
turbine's efficiency and to validate the accuracy of CFD models for future applications. This dual
approach fills an important gap in the existing literature by offering both theoretical and practical insights
into the turbine-concentrator system[6].

Figure- -4 CFD Simulation

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1.7 Methodology:
The methodology for this project involves integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis
with experimental testing to assess the performance of the Archimedes Liam F1 wind turbine with a
concentrator. Initially, the turbine and concentrator will be designed to optimize airflow and increase
energy capture using the Venturi effect. CFD simulations will model the system to predict performance
metrics such as wind speed, torque, and power output under various conditions. Subsequently, a physical
prototype will be constructed and tested in a controlled wind tunnel, where real-time data on wind speed
and power output will be collected. Finally, the experimental results will be compared with the CFD
predictions to validate the model and enhance the turbine’s efficiency in urban environments.

1.7.1 Flow Chart

Figure--5 Methodology

1.8 Schematic Diagram

Figure6 Schematic Diagram 2

Figure - -7 Schematic Diagram

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1.9 SDGs
The project covers the following SDGs

1.9.1 Affordable and Clean Energy – Goal # 7

 Key motive
Ensure excess to affordably, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
Our Archimedes' Lain Wind Turbine project aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7):
Affordable and Clean Energy. SDG 7 aims to ensure universal access to reliable, sustainable, and modern
energy by 2030. By harnessing wind energy, our turbine contributes to increasing the share of renewable
energy in the global energy mix. This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and mitigates climate change. By
promoting clean energy, our project supports sustainable development, economic growth, and
environmental protection.

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-8 Affordable and clean enenrgy

1.9.2 Responsible Consumption and production-Goal # 12

 Key motive
Ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern.
Archimedes' Lain Wind Turbine project supports Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12):
Responsible Consumption and Production. SDG 12 aims to ensure sustainable use of resources, reduce
waste, and promote eco-friendly technologies. By harnessing renewable wind energy, our turbine reduces
dependence on fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact. This sustainable design encourages
responsible resource utilization and contributes to a circular economy. Our project demonstrates
environmentally conscious innovation for a more sustainable future.Our

Figure-9 Responsible consumption and production

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1.10 Feasibility Analysis
The economic feasibility analysis of the project is Following
 Blade cost is 35000 PKR
 Frame cost is 10000 PKR
 Dynamometer cost 8000 PKR
 Generator cost is 10000 PKR
 Total cost approx. 70000 PKR

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1.11 References

[1] A. G. Refaie, H. S. Abdel Hameed, M. A. A. Nawar, Y. A. Attai, and M. H. Mohamed, “Qualitative

and quantitative assessments of an Archimedes Spiral Wind Turbine performance augmented by A
concentrator,” Energy, vol. 231, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121128.
[2] H. S. Abdel Hameed, I. Hashem, M. A. A. Nawar, Y. A. Attai, and M. H. Mohamed, “Shape
optimization of a shrouded Archimedean-spiral type wind turbine for small-scale applications,”
Energy, vol. 263, no. PB, p. 125809, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125809.
[3] K. C. Kim, H. S. Ji, Y. K. Kim, Q. Lu, J. H. Baek, and R. Mieremet, “Experimental and numerical
study of the aerodynamic characteristics of an archimedes spiral wind turbine blade,” Energies,
vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 7893–7914, 2014, doi: 10.3390/en7127893.
[4] S. Ebrahimi and M. A. Ghassemi, “Numerical Aerodynamics Analysis of the Archimedes Screw
Wind Turbine,” Int. J. Multidiscip. Sci. Eng., vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 12–15, 2018.
[5] H. Jang, D. Kim, Y. Hwang, I. Paek, S. Kim, and J. Baek, “Analysis of Archimedes spiral wind
turbine performance by simulation and field test,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 24, 2019, doi:
10.3390/en12244624.
[6] A. G. Refaie, H. S. A. Hameed, M. A. A. Nawar, Y. A. Attai, and M. H. Mohamed, “Comparative
investigation of the aerodynamic performance for several Shrouded Archimedes Spiral Wind
Turbines,” Energy, vol. 239, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122295.

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