MIS

(Solution: Past Paper 2019)

(Short Questions)

 TPS (Transaction Processing System)

TPS, or Transaction Processing System, is computer software that helps businesses
record and manage their everyday transactions, like sales and purchases, ensuring smooth
and accurate operations. It's like a digital assistant for business transactions. E.g., Point of
Sale (POS) System, Inventory Management System, Online Shopping Cart etc.
 Business Model
A computer business model is how a company makes money using computers, like
selling software or providing online services. It's like their money-making plan with
technology. E.g., Affiliate Marketing, Ad-Based Revenue Model, E-commerce
Marketplace etc.
 Relational Database
A relational database is like a digital spreadsheet where information is stored in neat rows
and columns, making it easy to organize and find data. It helps computers manage
information efficiently. E.g., MySQL, Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQL etc.
 Closed System
A closed system refers to a system or software that does not allow external modifications
or additions. It's like a locked-down program where you can't easily add new features or
components from outside sources. E.g., iOS (Apple's mobile operating system),
PlayStation Network, Xbox Live etc.
 Digital Goods
Digital goods are products or content that exist in a digital, non-physical form and can be
delivered electronically, such as software, e-books, music, videos, or online courses.
 Report Writing Software
Report writing software is a tool that assists users in creating and formatting reports,
simplifying the process of presenting information effectively. It helps organize data for
professional documents. E.g., Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Adobe InDesign etc.
 Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows devices to share information with each
other, such as connecting your phone to wireless headphones without using cables. It's
like a virtual bridge for devices to talk to each other wirelessly. E.g., Bluetooth
headphones, Bluetooth speakers, Bluetooth keyboards etc.
 Artificial Intelligence
A.I refers to the ability of computers or machines to perform tasks that typically require
human intelligence. These tasks include understanding natural language, recognizing
patterns, making decisions, and solving problems. AI systems use algorithms and data to
learn and improve their performance over time. E.g., Siri, Google Assistant, Cortana,
ChatGPT etc.
 DSS (Decision Support System)
DSS stand for decision support system. It helps the users to analyze the information and
make decisions. It is often used by middle and exclusive managers when unstructured and
unpredictable information is needed for decisions. DSS may include data from internal
and external sources. E.g., SAP BusinessObjects, Google Analytics, Domo etc.
 Reports
Reports in Management Information Systems (MIS) are organized documents that
provide essential information and data to help decision-makers understand and manage
various aspects of an organization's operations and performance. These reports are
designed to present data in a clear and concise manner, aiding in informed decision-
making. E.g., Sales Report, Financial Statement, Inventory Report etc.
 MIS
Management Information Systems (MIS) are computer-based systems that collect,
process, store, and distribute information to support decision-making and help manage an
organization's activities more effectively. E.g., SAP, QuickBooks, Google analytics etc.
 Network Positing
Network position refers to the role a firm plays in the network and how it is linked
directly and indirectly to other firms in the network.
 E-Wallets
E-wallets are digital apps or tools that work like virtual wallets on your phone or
computer. They let you store, send, and receive money electronically using a smartphone
or computer, making it convenient for online shopping and transactions without physical
cash or cards. E.g., PayPal, Google Pay, Easypaisa, Jazz Cash etc.
 Knowledge Management
Knowledge management in MIS refers to the systematic process of capturing, organizing,
storing, and sharing the collective knowledge and expertise of an organization. It involves
using technology and practices to ensure that valuable information and insights are
readily accessible to support decision-making, problem-solving, and overall business
improvement.
 Strategy formulation
Strategy formulation in Management Information Systems (MIS) means planning how to
use technology and information to achieve the goals of a business. It involves figuring
out the best ways to use computer systems and data to make the company more
successful and competitive.
 Revenue Model
A revenue model refers to the strategy or plan that outlines how an organization generates
income or revenue through its information technology and data-related activities. This
model defines the various sources of income, such as selling software, providing
subscription services, offering data analytics, or monetizing user data, and it outlines how
these activities contribute to the organization's financial sustainability and growth.
 (Long Questions)

Q# 3 - Describe IT Infrastructure. Hardware & Software requirement for

Information System.
IT Infrastructure
IT infrastructure is the digital backbone of a business. It's the collection of computers,
software, networks, and equipment that helps everything run smoothly and securely. In
simpler terms, it's the tech foundation that keeps a company up and running.
Hardware Requirements
 Computers
Devices like desktops, laptops, and smartphones for people to work on.
 Servers
Big computers that store and manage all the information.
 Networking Equipment
Special devices and cables that let computers talk to each other.
 Storage Devices
Places to keep all the data, like hard drives and cloud storage.
 Peripheral Devices
Extra gadgets like printers and scanners for special tasks.
Software Requirements
 Operating Systems
The main software that makes computers work, like Windows or macOS.
 Database Software
Tools to organize and manage data neatly, such as Microsoft SQL Server or MySQL.
 Applications
Programs for various tasks, like Microsoft Office for documents and email software for
communication.
 Security Software
Tools to protect against viruses and hackers, like antivirus and firewall programs.
 Backup and Recovery Software
Programs that save copies of important data and help get it back if something goes
wrong.
 Custom Software
 Special software made just for the specific needs of the business.
These hardware and software components work together to create an information system that
helps a business function effectively and securely.

Q# 4 – Role of Information system in supporting business strategy of any organization.

Information System
An information system is a computer-based tool that stores, manages, and shares information to
help people and businesses make better decisions and do their work more efficiently. It's like a
smart helper for handling data.
Role of Information System
 Data Management and Analysis:
Information systems help collect and organize data from various sources, enabling businesses to
analyze information to make informed decisions and develop strategies.
 Decision Support:
They provide tools and reports that assist in decision-making, helping management choose the
best course of action to align with the business strategy.
 Efficiency and Automation:
Information systems automate routine tasks, streamline processes, and reduce operational costs,
contributing to the efficient execution of the business strategy.
 Competitive Advantage:
By providing access to market data, competitor analysis, and customer insights, information
systems help organizations gain a competitive edge by adapting their strategy in real-time.
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM):
They enable businesses to track customer interactions, preferences, and feedback, which helps in
tailoring products and services to meet customer needs, a key component of many business
strategies.
 Supply Chain Management:
Information systems optimize the supply chain, ensuring the timely delivery of goods and
services, which is essential for a successful business strategy.

 Strategic Planning and Forecasting:

They support long-term planning by providing historical data and predictive analytics to
anticipate market trends and align strategies accordingly.
 Risk Management:
Information systems help identify and assess risks, allowing organizations to develop risk
mitigation strategies that protect the business's objectives.
 Market Expansion and Globalization:
They facilitate global operations, helping organizations expand into new markets and adapt their
strategy to a global scale.
 Innovation and Agility:
Information systems foster innovation by enabling organizations to experiment with new ideas,
products, and services, which can be essential for evolving business strategies in a dynamic
market.
In summary, information systems play a pivotal role in supporting and aligning with the business
strategy of any organization by providing data-driven insights, enhancing decision-making,
improving operational efficiency, and helping businesses stay competitive and adaptable in a
constantly changing environment.
Q# 5 – Write a detailed note on following terms.

(a) A.I (Artificial Intelligence)

Definition
A.I refers to the ability of computers or machines to perform tasks that typically require
human intelligence. These tasks include understanding natural language, recognizing
patterns, making decisions, and solving problems. AI systems use algorithms and data to
learn and improve their performance over time. E.g., Siri, Google Assistant, Cortana,
ChatGPT etc.
Note On A.I

 What is AI?
AI stands for Artificial Intelligence. It's a technology that makes machines, like computers, think
and learn like humans.
 How Does AI Work?
AI works by using computer programs and algorithms to process data and make decisions, just
like our brains process information to make choices.
  Types of AI
a. Narrow AI (Weak AI): This type of AI is designed for specific tasks, like virtual assistants or
recommendation systems.
b. General AI (Strong AI): This AI can think and learn across a wide range of tasks, like a
human being. We're not there yet, but researchers are working on it.
 Machine Learning:
Machine learning is a subset of AI. It's where computers learn from data and improve their
performance without being explicitly programmed.
 Deep Learning:
Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses neural networks, which are inspired by the
human brain. It's excellent for tasks like image and speech recognition.
 Applications of AI
AI is used in various fields, including:
a. Healthcare: For diagnosing diseases and suggesting treatments.
b. Finance: In fraud detection and stock market analysis.
c. Autonomous Vehicles: For self-driving cars and drones.
d. Customer Service: Through chatbots and virtual assistants.
e. Gaming: Creating intelligent opponents in video games.
f. Manufacturing: In automation and quality control.
 Benefits of AI
a. Efficiency: AI can perform repetitive tasks faster and with fewer errors than humans.
b. Accuracy: It can analyze vast amounts of data quickly and make precise predictions.
c. Availability: AI can work 24/7 without needing breaks.
d. Innovation: AI can help solve complex problems and drive technological advancements.
 Concerns about AI
a. Job Displacement: Some worry that AI could replace certain jobs.
b. Bias: AI algorithms can have biases if trained on biased data.
c. Privacy: Using AI for surveillance can raise privacy concerns.
d. Ethical Issues: Decisions made by AI can have ethical implications.
 The Future of AI
AI is expected to continue growing and influencing various aspects of our lives, from healthcare
to transportation, making our world more connected and efficient.
In summary, AI is a technology that allows machines to mimic human intelligence, with
applications ranging from healthcare to finance and beyond. While it offers many benefits, it also
raises important questions about ethics, bias, and the future of work.

(b) E-Payments
Definition
E-payments are digital methods of transferring money electronically, where financial
transactions are conducted over the internet or electronic networks. It's a convenient and
secure way to make payments and conduct financial transactions without physical cash or
checks. E.g., Credit cards (Visa, Mastercard etc.), Debit cards, Digital wallets (PayPal
etc.) etc.
Note On E-Payments

 What are E-Payments?

E-payments, short for electronic payments, are a way of sending and receiving money using
computers or smartphones. It's like digital money instead of physical cash or checks.
 How E-Payments Work:
E-payments work by using special apps or websites. You enter the amount you want to send, and
it goes to the other person's account electronically.
 Types of E-Payments:
a. Credit and Debit Cards: Cards like Visa or Mastercard that you use at stores or online.
b. Mobile Wallets: Apps like Apple Pay or Google Pay on your phone.
c. Online Banking: Sending money from your bank account through the internet.
d. Digital Wallets: Apps like PayPal or Venmo for sending money to friends.
 Advantages of E-Payments:
a. Convenience: Paying bills or shopping online from the comfort of home.
b. Speed: Money transfers happen quickly, often within seconds.
c. Security: E-payments are often more secure than carrying cash.

 Examples of E-Payment Services:

a. PayPal: Widely used for online transactions and sending money to friends.
b. Apple Pay: Allows iPhone users to make payments in stores and apps.
c. Google Pay: Google's version of a mobile wallet for Android users.
d. Online Banking: Services offered by your bank's website or app.
 Future of E-Payments:
E-payments are becoming more popular and are likely to continue growing as technology
advances. They offer a convenient and efficient way to manage your finances in an increasingly
digital world.
In summary, e-payments are electronic methods of transferring money, offering convenience,
speed, and security for various financial transactions, from online shopping to splitting bills with
friends.
(The End)