Chapter

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4

Motion in One Dimension

Position Frame of Reference : It is a system to which a set of

coordinates are attached and with reference to which observer
Any object is situated at point O and three observers from
describes any event.
three different
N O
places are looking W A passenger standing on platform observes that a tree on a
E
at same object, S platform is at rest. But the same passenger passing away in a train
then all three B through station, observes that tree is in motion. In both conditions
C
observers will 4m observer is right. But observations are different because in first
5m
have different 3m A situation observer stands on a platform, which is reference frame at
observations rest and in second situation observer moving in train, which is
Fig. 2.1
about the position reference frame in motion.
of point O and no one will be wrong. Because they are observing
So rest and motion are relative terms. It depends upon the
the object from different positions.
frame of references.
Observer ‘A’ says : Point O is 3 m away in west direction.
Table 2.1 : Types of motion
Observer ‘B’ says : Point O is 4 m away in south direction.
Observer ‘C’ says : Point O is 5 m away in east direction.
One dimensional Two dimensional Three dimensional
Therefore position of any point is completely expressed by
two factors: Its distance from the observer and its direction with Motion of a body in Motion of body in a Motion of body in a
respect to observer. a straight line is plane is called two space is called three
That is why position is characterised by a vector known as called one dimensional motion. dimensional motion.
position vector. Y dimensional motion.
P(x,y,z)
Consider a point P in xy plane and its 
r When only one When two When all three
coordinates are (x, y). Then position vector X
 coordinate of the coordinates of the coordinates of the
(r ) of point will be xˆi  yˆj and if the point P position of a body position of a body position of a body
is in space and its coordinates are (x, y, z) Z changes with time changes with time changes with time
then position vector can be expressed as then it is said to be then it is said to be then it is said to be

r  xˆi  yˆj  zkˆ. moving one moving two moving three
dimensionally. dimensionally. dimensionally.
Rest and Motion
Ex.. (i) Motion of car Ex. (i) Motion of car Ex.. (i) Motion of
If a body does not change its position as time passes with
on a straight road. on a circular turn. flying kite.
respect to frame of reference, it is said to be at rest.
And if a body changes its position as time passes with (ii) Motion of freely (ii) Motion of (ii) Motion of flying
respect to frame of reference, it is said to be in motion. falling body. billiards ball. insect.

1
Particle or Point Mass or Point object (iv) For a moving particle distance can never decrease with
time while displacement can. Decrease in displacement with time
The smallest part of matter with zero dimension which can be
described by its mass and position is defined as a particle or point means body is moving towards the initial position.
mass. (v) In general, magnitude of displacement is not equal to
If the size of a body is negligible in comparison to its range of distance. However, it can be so if the motion is along a straight line
motion then that body is known as a particle. without change in direction. Y
A body (Group of particles) can be treated as a particle,  
(vi) If r A and rB are the B
depends upon types of motion. For example in a planetary motion s
position vectors of particle initially P
around the sun the different planets can be presumed to be the
and finally.  
particles. rB r AB A
Then displacement of the
In above consideration when we treat body as particle, all    
particle r AB  rB  r A
parts of the body undergo same displacement and have same rA
velocity and acceleration. and s is the distance travelled if X
the particle has gone through the Fig. 2.3
Distance and Displacement path APB.
(1) Distance : It is the actual length of the path covered by a Speed and Velocity
moving particle in a given interval of time.
(1) Speed : The rate of distance covered with time is called speed.
(i) If a particle starts from A and reach to C through point B as
(i) It is a scalar quantity having symbol  .
shown in the figure. C
(ii) Dimension : [M0L1T–1]
Then distance travelled by particle
(iii) Unit : metre/second (S.I.), cm/second (C.G.S.)
 AB  BC  7 m 4m
(iv) Types of speed :
(ii) Distance is a scalar quantity.
(a) Uniform speed : When a particle covers equal distances
(iii) Dimension : [M0L1T0] A B
3m in equal intervals of time, (no matter how small the intervals are)
(iv) Unit : metre (S.I.) then it is said to be moving with uniform speed. In given illustration
Fig. 2.2
(2) Displacement : Displacement is the change in position motorcyclist travels equal distance (= 5m) in each second. So we
vector i.e., A vector joining initial to final position. can say that particle is moving with uniform speed of 5 m/s.
(i) Displacement is a vector quantity
(ii) Dimension : [M0 L1T0]
(iii) Unit : metre (S.I.) 5m 5m 5m 5m 5m 5m
(iv) In the above figure the displacement of the particle Time 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1m/s

AC  AB  BC  | AC | 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s

Uniform Speed
Fig. 2.4
 ( AB) 2  (BC) 2  2( AB) (BC) cos 90 o = 5 m
(b) Non-uniform (variable) speed : In non-uniform speed
   
(v) If S1 , S 2 , S3 ........ Sn are the displacements of a body then particle covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time. In the
given illustration motorcyclist travels 5m in 1st second, 8m in 2nd
the total (net) displacement is the vector sum of the individuals.
     second, 10m in 3rd second, 4m in 4th second etc.
S  S1  S 2  S3  ........  Sn
Therefore its speed is different for every time interval of one
(3) Comparison between distance and displacement :
second. This means particle is moving with variable speed.
(i) The magnitude of displacement is equal to minimum
possible distance between two positions.
Distance
So distance  |Displacement|. 5m 8m 10m 4m 6m 7m

(ii) For a moving particle distance can never be negative or Time 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec
zero while displacement can be.
Variable Speed 5m/s 8m/s 10m/s 4m/s 6m/s 7m/s
(zero displacement means that body after motion has came
Fig. 2.5
back to initial position)
(c) Average speed : The average speed of a particle for a
i.e., Distance > 0 but Displacement > = or < 0
given ‘Interval of time’ is defined as the ratio of total distance
(iii) For motion between two points, displacement is single travelled to the time taken.
valued while distance depends on actual path and so can have Total distance travelled s
Average speed  ; vav 
many values. Time taken t

2
  Time average speed : When particle moves with different (v) Comparison between instantaneous speed and
uniform speed 1 ,  2 ,  3 ... etc in different time intervals t1 , t 2 , instantaneous velocity
t 3 , ... etc respectively, its average speed over the total time of (a) instantaneous velocity is always tangential to the path
followed by the particle.
journey is given as
When a stone is thrown from point O then at point of
Total distance covered 
vav  projection the instantaneous velocity of stone is v1 , at point A the
Total time elapsed 
instantaneous velocity of stone is v2 , similarly at point B and C are
d1  d 2  d 3  ......  t   2 t 2   3 t 3  ......  
 = 11 v3 and v4 respectively.
t1  t 2  t 3  ...... t1  t 2  t 3  ...... Y
 Distance averaged speed : When a particle describes

different distances d1 , d 2 , d3 , ...... with different time intervals  v3
v2 
t1 , t 2 , t 3 , ...... with speeds v1 , v 2 , v 3 ...... respectively then the B v4
A
speed of particle averaged over the total distance can be given as  C
v1
Total distance covered d  d 2  d 3  ...... X
 av   1 O
Fig. 2.6
Total time elapsed t1  t 2  t 3  ......
Direction of these velocities can be found out by drawing a
d  d 2  d3  ...... tangent on the trajectory at a given point.
 1
d1 d 2 d 3
   ...... (b) A particle may have constant instantaneous speed but
1  2  3 variable instantaneous velocity.
 If speed is continuously changing with time then Example : When a particle is performing uniform circular
motion then for every instant of its circular motion its speed
vav 
 vdt remains constant but velocity changes at every instant.
 dt (c) The magnitude of instantaneous velocity is equal to the
instantaneous speed.
(d) Instantaneous speed : It is the speed of a particle at a (d) If a particle is moving with constant velocity then its
particular instant of time. When we say “speed”, it usually means average velocity and instantaneous velocity are always equal.
instantaneous speed. (e) If displacement is given as a function of time, then time
The instantaneous speed is average speed for infinitesimally derivative of displacement will give velocity.
small time interval (i.e., t  0 ). Thus 
Let displacement x  A0  A1t  A2t 2
s ds 
Instantaneous speed v  lim   dx d
t  0 t dt Instantaneous velocity v   ( A0  A1t  A2 t 2 )
dt dt
(2) Velocity : The rate of change of position i.e. rate of 
v   A1  2 A2 t
displacement with time is called velocity.
 For the given value of t, we can find out the instantaneous
(i) It is a vector quantity having symbol v .
velocity.
(ii) Dimension : [M0 L1T–1] 
e.g for t  0 ,Instantaneous velocity v   A1 and
(iii) Unit : metre/second (S.I.), cm/second (C.G.S.) 
(iv) Types of velocity : Instantaneous speed | v | A1
(a) Uniform velocity : A particle is said to have uniform (vi) Comparison between average speed and average
velocity, if magnitudes as well as direction of its velocity remains velocity
(a) Average speed is a scalar while average velocity is a
same and this is possible only when the particles moves in same
straight line without reversing its direction. vector both having same units (m/s) and dimensions [LT 1 ] .
(b) Non-uniform velocity : A particle is said to have non- (b) Average speed or velocity depends on time interval over
which it is defined.
uniform velocity, if either of magnitude or direction of velocity
(c) For a given time interval average velocity is single valued
changes or both of them change.
while average speed can have many values depending on path
(c) Average velocity : It is defined as the ratio of followed.
displacement to time taken by the body (d) If after motion body comes back to its initial position
  
Displacement  r then vav  0 (as r  0 ) but vav  0 and finite as (s  0) .
Average velocity  ; vav 
Time taken t (e) For a moving body average speed can never be negative
(d) Instantaneous velocity : Instantaneous velocity is or zero (unless t  ) while average velocity can be i.e. vav  0
defined as rate of change of position vector of particles with time at 
while va = or < 0.
a certain instant of time. (f) As we know for a given time interval
 
 r dr Distance  |displacement|
Instantaneous velocity v  lim 
t  0 t dt  Average speed  |Average velocity|

3
Acceleration (b) In a projectile motion  is variable for every point of trajectory.

The time rate of change of velocity of an object is called (vi) If a force F acts on a particle of mass m, by Newton’s
acceleration of the object. 
 F
2 law, acceleration a 
nd
(1) It is a vector quantity. It’s direction is same as that of m
change in velocity (Not of the velocity)   
 dv d 2 x   dx 
(vii) By definition a   2  As v 
dt 
Table 2.2 : Possible ways of velocity change
dt dt 
When only When only When both i.e., if x is given as a function of time, second time derivative
direction of magnitude of magnitude and
of displacement gives acceleration
velocity changes velocity changes direction of
velocity changes (viii) If velocity is given as a function of position, then by
Acceleration Acceleration parallel Acceleration has two dv dv dx d  dx 
chain rule a     v. as v 
perpendicular to or anti-parallel to components one is dt dx dt dx  dt 
velocity velocity perpendicular to
velocity and another (xi) Acceleration can be positive, zero or negative. Positive
parallel or anti- acceleration means velocity increasing with time, zero acceleration
parallel to velocity means velocity is uniform constant while negative acceleration
Ex.. Uniform circular Ex.. Motion under Ex.. Projectile (retardation) means velocity is decreasing with time.
motion gravity motion
(xii) For motion of a body under gravity, acceleration will be
equal to “g”, where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Its value is
(2) Dimension : [M0 L1T–2]
9.8 m/s 2 or 980 cm/s 2 or 32 feet/s 2 .
2 2
(3) Unit : metre/second (S.I.); cm/second (C.G.S.)
Position time Graph
(4) Types of acceleration :
During motion of the particle its parameters of kinematical
(i) Uniform acceleration : A body is said to have uniform
analysis (v, a, s) changes with time. This can be represented on the
acceleration if magnitude and direction of the acceleration remains
graph.
constant during particle motion.
Position time graph is plotted by taking time t along x-axis
(ii) Non-uniform acceleration : A body is said to have
and position of the particle on y-axis.
non-uniform acceleration, if either magnitude or direction or both
of them change during motion. y
  
 v v2  v1
Position

(iii) Average acceleration : aa   D B

t t y2

The direction of average acceleration vector is the direction 

 y1 C
 v A
of the change in velocity vector as a 
t
  O x
 v dv t1 t2
(iv) Instantaneous acceleration = a  lim 
t  0 t dt Time
Fig. 2.8
(v) For a moving body there is no relation between the
direction of instantaneous velocity and direction of acceleration. Let AB is a position-time graph for any moving particle

 Change in position y 2  y1
Y As Velocity =  …(i)
Time taken t 2  t1
a 2
 1 BC AD y 2  y1
  From triangle ABC, tan     ….(ii)
a a AC AC t 2  t1
 g
g g  3
X By comparing (i) and (ii) Velocity = tan
 O
v = tan
Fig. 2.7 It is clear that slope of tangent on position-time graph
Ex.. (a) In uniform circular motion  = 90º always represents the velocity of the particle.

4
 Table 2.3 : Various position -time graphs and their interpretation

P
 = 0° so v = 0
i.e., line parallel to time axis represents that the particle is at rest.

O T

P
 = 90° so v = 
i.e., line perpendicular to time axis represents that particle is changing its position but time does not
O T changes it means the particle possesses infinite velocity.

Practically this is not possible.

P
 = constant so v = constant, a = 0
i.e., line with constant slope represents uniform velocity of the particle.
O T

P
 is increasing so v is increasing, a is positive.
i.e., line bending towards position axis represents increasing velocity of particle. It means the particle
possesses acceleration.
O T

P
 is decreasing so v is decreasing, a is negative
i.e., line bending towards time axis represents decreasing velocity of the particle. It means the particle
O T possesses retardation.

P
 constant but > 90o so v will be constant but negative
i.e., line with negative slope represent that particle returns towards the point of reference. (negative
 displacement).
O T

P
A B
C Straight line segments of different slopes represent that velocity of the body changes after certain interval
of time.
O T
S

P
This graph shows that at one instant the particle has two positions, which is not possible.
T
O

P
The graph shows that particle coming towards origin initially and after that it is moving away from
origin.

T
O

5
 Note :  If the graph is plotted between distance and here A1 and A2 are area of triangle 1 and 2 respectively and
A3 is the area of trapezium .
time then it is always an increasing
curve and it never comes back towards Calculation of Acceleration : Let AB is a velocity-time

Distance
origin because distance never decrease A graph for any moving particle
with time. Hence such type of distance y
time graph is valid up to point A only,

Velocity
after point A, it is not valid as shown in v2 D B
O Time
the figure.
Fig. 2.9
Velocity-time Graph v1 
C
A
The graph is plotted by taking time t along x-axis and
velocity of the particle on y-axis.
O x
Calculation of Distance and displacement : The area t1 t2
covered between the velocity time graph and time axis gives the Time
displacement and distance travelled by the body for a given time Fig. 2.11
interval.
Total distance | A1 || A2 || A3 | Change in velocity
As Acceleration =
= Addition of modulus of different area. i.e. s   | |dt Time taken
Total displacement  A1  A2  A3 v2  v1
 …(i)
= Addition of different area considering their sign. t 2  t1
i.e. r    dt BC AD
From triangle ABC, tan   
Area above time axis is taken as positive, while area below AC AC
time axis is taken as negative
v2  v1
+  ….(ii)
t 2  t1

1 3 By comparing (i) and (ii)

t
Acceleration (a) = tan 
2
It is clear that slope of tangent on velocity-time graph represents
– the acceleration of the particle.
Fig. 2.10

Table 2.4 : Various velocity -time graphs and their interpretation

 = 0°, a = 0, v = constant
Velocity

i.e., line parallel to time axis represents that the particle is moving with constant velocity.

 = 90o, a = , v = increasing
Velocity

i.e., line perpendicular to time axis represents that the particle is increasing its velocity, but
time does not change. It means the particle possesses infinite acceleration. Practically it is not
possible.
O
Time

 = constant, so a = constant and v is increasing uniformly with time

Velocity

i.e., line with constant slope represents uniform acceleration of the particle.

O Time

6
 Velocity
 increasing so acceleration increasing

i.e., line bending towards velocity axis represent the increasing acceleration in the body.
O
Time
Velocity

 decreasing so acceleration decreasing

O i.e. line bending towards time axis represents the decreasing acceleration in the body
Time
Velocity

Positive constant acceleration because  is constant and < 90o but initial velocity of the
particle is negative.
O
Time
Velocity

Positive constant acceleration because  is constant and < 90o but initial velocity of particle
is positive.
O
Time
Velocity

Negative constant acceleration because  is constant and > 90o but initial velocity of the
particle is positive.
O
Time
Velocity

Negative constant acceleration because  is constant and > 90o but initial velocity of the
particle is zero.
O
Time
Velocity

Negative constant acceleration because  is constant and > 90o but initial velocity of the
O particle is negative.
Time

7
Equation of Kinematics (1) If a body is dropped from some height (initial
velocity zero)
These are the various relations between u, v, a, t and s for the
particle moving with uniform acceleration where the notations are (i) Equations of motion : Taking initial position as origin and
direction of motion (i.e., downward direction) as a positive, here
used as :
we have
u = Initial velocity of the particle at time t = 0 sec u=0
v = Final velocity at time t sec 2h v
t 
a = Acceleration of the particle g g

s = Distance travelled in time t sec

h v 2 gh
sn = Distance travelled by the body in nth sec
2
(1) When particle moves with zero acceleration v
h 
2g
(i) It is a unidirectional motion with constant speed.
(ii) Magnitude of displacement is always equal to the v
distance travelled.
Fig. 2.12
(iii) v = u, s = u t [As a = 0]
u=0 [As body starts from rest]
(2) When particle moves with constant acceleration
a = +g [As acceleration is in the direction of motion]
(i) Acceleration is said to be constant when both the
v=gt …(i)
magnitude and direction of acceleration remain constant.
1
h  gt 2 …(ii)
(ii) There will be one dimensional motion if initial 2
velocity and acceleration are parallel or anti-parallel to each
 2  2gh …(iii)
other.
g
(iii) Equations of motion Equation of motion hn  (2n  1) ...(iv)
2
(in scalar from) (in vector from) (ii) Graph of distance, velocity and acceleration with respect
   to time :
  u  at v  u  at

  1 s v a
1 2
s  ut  at s  ut  a t 2
2 2
g
  
 2  u 2  2as v.v  u.u  2a.s tan = g

uv  1   
s t s  (u  v ) t
 2  2 t t t

a   a Fig. 2.13
sn  u  (2n  1) s n  u  (2n  1)
2 2 (iii) As h = (1/2)gt2, i.e., h  t2 , distance covered in time t,
2t, 3t, etc., will be in the ratio of 12 : 22 : 32, i.e., square of integers.
Motion of Body Under Gravity (Free Fall)
1
The force of attraction of earth on bodies, is called force (iv) The distance covered in the nth sec, hn  g (2n  1)
2
of gravity. Acceleration produced in the body by the force of
So distance covered in 1st, 2nd, 3rd sec, etc., will be in the
gravity, is called acceleration due to gravity. It is represented
ratio of 1 : 3 : 5, i.e., odd integers only.
by the symbol g.
(2) If a body is projected vertically downward with
In the absence of air resistance, it is found that all bodies some initial velocity
(irrespective of the size, weight or composition) fall with the same Equation of motion :   u  g t
acceleration near the surface of the earth. This motion of a body
falling towards the earth from a small altitude (h << R) is called 1 2
h  ut  gt
free fall. 2

An ideal example of one-dimensional motion is motion  2  u 2  2gh

under gravity in which air resistance and the small changes in g
hn  u  (2n  1)
acceleration with height are neglected. 2

8
 (3) If a body is projected vertically upward (5) In case of motion under gravity, time taken to go up is
(i) Equation of motion : Taking initial position as origin and equal to the time taken to fall down through the same distance.
direction of motion (i.e., vertically up) as positive Time of descent (t2) = time of ascent (t1) = u/g
a = – g [As acceleration is downwards while motion upwards]
2u
So, if the body is projected with velocity u and after time t it  Total time of flight T = t1 + t2 
g
reaches up to height h then
(6) In case of motion under gravity, the speed with which a
1 2 2 g
  u  g t ; h  ut  g t ;   u 2  2gh ; hn  u  (2n  1) body is projected up is equal to the speed with which it comes back to
2 2
the point of projection.
(ii) For maximum height v = 0
As well as the magnitude of velocity at any point on the path is
So from above equation u = gt, same whether the body is moving in upwards or downward direction.
1 2
h gt (7) A body is thrown vertically upwards. If air resistance is to
2
be taken into account, then the time of ascent is less than the time
and u 2  2gh v=0 of descent. t2 > t1

2h u Let u is the initial velocity of body then time of ascent

t  
g g u u2
h t1  and h 
u ga 2( g  a)
u 2 gh
where g is acceleration due to gravity and a is retardation by
2 air resistance and for upward motion both will work vertically
u
h downward.
2g
For downward motion a and g will work in opposite
direction because a always work in direction opposite to motion
Fig. 2.14 and g always work vertically downward.
(iii) Graph of displacement, velocity and acceleration with
1
respect to time (for maximum height) : So h  (g  a) t 22
2
s (u2/2g) v
u2 1
  (g  a) t 22
+
(u/g) (2u/g) 2(g  a) 2
O t
u
–  t2 
(u/g) (g  a)(g  a)
–v
t Comparing t1 and t2 we can say that t2 > t1
a
since (g + a ) > (g – a)
+ Motion with Variable Acceleration
O t
(i) If acceleration is a function of time
g
t
–a a  f (t ) then v  u   0 f (t ) dt
Fig. 2.15

   f (t) dt dt
t
It is clear that both quantities do not depend upon the mass and s  ut 
0
of the body or we can say that in absence of air resistance, all
bodies fall on the surface of the earth with the same rate. (ii) If acceleration is a function of distance
(4) The motion is independent of the mass of the body, as in x
a  f (x ) then v 2  u2  2 x f ( x) dx
any equation of motion, mass is not involved. That is why a heavy 0

and light body when released from the same height, reach the
(iii) If acceleration is a function of velocity
ground simultaneously and with same velocity i.e., t  (2h / g)
v dv v vdv
and v  2gh . a = f (v) then t   u and x  x0   u
f (v) f (v)

9
  When a body reverses its direction of motion while moving
along a straight line, then the distance travelled by the body is
greater than the magnitude of the displacement of the body. In
this case, average speed of the body is greater than its average
velocity.

 During translational motion of the body, there is change in  Speedometer measures the instantaneous speed of a
the location of the body. vehicle.

 During rotational motion of the body, there is change in the  When particle moves with speed v1 upto half time of its
orientation of the body, while there is no change in the location total motion and in rest time it is moving with speed v2 then
of the body from the axis of rotation. v  v2
vav  1
2
 A point object is just a mathematical point. This concept is
introduced to study the motion of a body in a simple manner.  When particle moves the first half of a distance at a speed of v1
and second half of the distance at speed v2 then
 The choice of the origin is purely arbitrary.
2v1v 2
 For one dimensional motion the angle between vav 
acceleration and velocity is either 0° or 180° and it does not v1  v 2
change with time.  When particle covers one-third distance at speed v1, next one
 For two dimensional motion, the angle between third at speed v2 and last one third at speed v3, then
acceleration and velocity is other than 0° or 180° and also it 3 v1v2 v3
may change with time. vav 
v1v 2  v2 v3  v3 v1
 
 If the angle between a and v is 90°, the path of the particle
is a circle.  For two particles having displacement time graph with
slopes 1 and 2 possesses velocities v1 and v2 respectively then
 The particle speed up, that is the speed of the particle increases 1 tan 1
  
when the angle between a and v lies between –90° and +90°.  2 tan  2
 The particle speeds down, that is the speed of the particle
   Velocity of a particle having uniform motion = slope of
decreases, when the angle between a and v lies between +90°
displacement–time graph.
and 270°.
 Greater the slope of displacement-time graph, greater is the
 The speed of the particle remains constant when the angle
  velocity and vice-versa.
between a and v is equal to 90°.
 Area under v – t graph = displacement of the particle.
 The distance covered by a particle never decreases with
time, it always increases.  Slope of velocity-time graph = acceleration.
 Displacement of a particle is the unique path between the  If a particle is accelerated for a time t1 with acceleration a1
initial and final positions of the particle. It may or may not be and for time t 2 with acceleration a2 then average acceleration is
the actually travelled path of the particle. a t  a2 t 2
aa  1 1
 Displacement of a particle gives no information regarding t1  t 2
the nature of the path followed by the particle.  If same force is applied on two bodies of different masses
 Magnitude of displacement  Distance covered. m1 and m2 separately then it produces accelerations a1 and
 Since distance  |Displacement|, so average speed of a a 2 respectively. Now these bodies are attached together and
body is equal or greater than the magnitude of the average form a combined system and same force is applied on that
velocity of the body. system so that a be the acceleration of the combined system,
 The average speed of a body is equal to its instantaneous then
speed if the body moves with a constant speed
a1 a 2
a
 No force is required to move the body or an object with a1  a 2
uniform velocity.
 If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform
 Velocity of the body is positive, if it moves to the right side acceleration then distance covered by the body in t sec is
of the origin. Velocity is negative if the body moves to the left
proportional to t2 (i.e. s  t 2 ).
side of the origin.
So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1 sec,
 When a particle returns to the starting point, its
displacement is zero but the distance covered is not zero. 2 sec and 3 sec is 12 : 2 2 : 3 2 or 1 : 4 : 9.

10
 If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform  Suppose a body is projected upwards from the ground and
acceleration then distance covered by the body in nth sec is with the velocity u. It is assumed that the friction of the air is
proportional to (2n  1) (i.e. s n  (2n –1)) negligible. The characteristics of motion of such a body are as
follows.
So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1 st, 2nd and
3rd is 1 : 3 : 5. (i) The maximum height attained = H = u2/2g.

 A body moving with a velocity u is stopped by (ii) Time taken to go up (ascent) = Time taken to come down
(descent) = t = u/g.
application of brakes after covering a distance s. If the same
body moves with velocity nu and same braking force is (iii) Time of flight T = 2t = 2u/g.
applied on it then it will come to rest after covering a (iv) The speed of the body on return to the ground = speed
distance of n2 s. with which it was thrown upwards.
(v) When the height attained is not large, that is u is not large,
u2
As  2  u 2  2as  0  u 2  2as  s  , s  u2 the mass, the weight as well as the acceleration remain constant
2a
with time. But its speed, velocity, momentum, potential energy
[since a is constant] and kinetic energy change with time.
So we can say that if u becomes n times then s becomes n2 (vi) Let m be the mass of the body. Then in going from the
times that of previous value. ground to the highest point, following changes take place.
(a) Change in speed = u
 A particle moving with uniform acceleration from A to B
along a straight line has velocities 1 and  2 at A and B (b) Change in velocity = u

respectively. If C is the mid-point between A and B then velocity (c) Change in momentum = m u
of the particle at C is equal to (d) Change in kinetic energy = Change in potential energy
= (1/2) mu2.
 12   22 (vii) On return to the ground the changes in these quantities are

2 as follows

 The body returns to its point of projection with the same (a) Change in speed = 0
magnitude of the velocity with which it was thrown vertically (b) Change in velocity = 2u
upward, provided air resistance is neglected. (c) Change in momentum = 2mu
 All bodies fall freely with the same acceleration. (d) Change in kinetic energy = Change in potential energy = 0
(viii) If, the friction of air be taken into account, then the motion
 The acceleration of the falling bodies does not depend on
of the object thrown upwards will have the following properties
the mass of the body.
(a) Time taken to go up (ascent) < time taken to come down
 If two bodies are dropped from the same height, they reach (descent)
the ground in the same time and with the same velocity. (b) The speed of the object on return to the ground is less than
the initial speed. Same is true for velocity (magnitude),
 If a body is thrown upwards with velocity u from the top of
momentum (magnitude) and kinetic energy.
a tower and another body is thrown downwards from the same
point and with the same velocity, then both reach the ground (c) Maximum height attained is less than u2/2g.
with the same speed. (d) A part of the kinetic energy is used up in overcoming the
friction.
 When a particle returns to the starting point, its average
 A ball is dropped from a building of height h and it reaches
velocity is zero but the average speed is not zero.
after t seconds on earth. From the same building if two balls are
If both the objects A and B move along parallel lines in thrown (one upwards and other downwards) with the same

the same direction, then the relative velocity of A w.r.t. B is velocity u and they reach the earth surface after t1 and t2
given by vAB = vA – vB seconds respectively then
t  t1 t 2
and the relative velocity of B w.r.t. A is given by vBA = vB – vA
 A particle is dropped vertically from rest from a height. The
 If both the objects A and B move along parallel lines in the time taken by it to fall through successive distance of 1m each
opposite direction, then the relative velocity of A w.r.t. B is given will then be in the ratio of the difference in the square roots of
by vAB = vA – (– vB) = vA + vB the integers i.e.
and the relative velocity of B w.r.t. A is given by vBA = – vB – vA 1, ( 2  1 ), ( 3  2 ).......( 4  3 ),.........

11
 2. The displacement-time graph for two particles A and B are
straight lines inclined at angles of 30 o and 60 o with the
time axis. The ratio of velocities of V A : VB is
[CPMT 1990; MP PET 1999; MP PET 2001; Pb. PET 2003]

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 3
Distance and Displacement (c) 3 :1 (d) 1 : 3
3. A car travels from A to B at a speed of 20 km / hr and
1. A Body moves 6 m north. 8 m east and 10m vertically
returns at a speed of 30 km / hr . The average speed of the
upwards, what is its resultant displacement from initial
position [DCE 2000] car for the whole journey is [MP PET 1985]
(a) 25 km / hr (b) 24 km / hr
(a) 10 2m (b) 10m
10 (c) 50 km / hr (d) 5 km / hr
(c) m (d) 10  2m
2 4. A boy walks to his school at a distance of 6 km with constant
2. A man goes 10m towards North, then 20m towards east speed of 2.5 km/hour and walks back with a constant speed
of 4 km/hr. His average speed for round trip expressed in
then displacement is
km/hour, is [AIIMS 1995]
[KCET 1999; JIPMER 1999; AFMC 2003]
(a) 22.5m (b) 25m (a) 24/13 (b) 40/13
(c) 25.5m (d) 30m (c) 3 (d) 1/2
3. A person moves 30 m north and then 20 m towards east 5. A car travels the first half of a distance between two places at
a speed of 30 km/hr and the second half of the distance at
and finally 30 2 m in south-west direction. The
50 km/hr. The average speed of the car for the whole
displacement of the person from the origin will be journey is [Manipal MEE 1995; AFMC 1998]
[J & K CET 2004]
(a) 42.5 km/hr (b) 40.0 km/hr
(a) 10 m along north (b) 10 m long south
(c) 37.5 km/hr (d) 35.0 km/hr
(c) 10 m along west (d) Zero
6. One car moving on a straight road covers one third of the
4. An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south and then distance with 20 km/hr and the rest with 60 km/hr. The
flies 1200 m upwards then net displacement is average speed is [MP PMT 1999; CPMT 2002]
[AFMC 2004]
(a) 40 km/hr (b) 80 km/hr
(a) 1200 m (b) 1300 m
2
(c) 1400 m (d) 1500 m (c) 46 km/hr (d) 36 km/hr
3
5. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of radius
R in 40 sec. What will be his displacement at the end of 2 7. A car moves for half of its time at 80 km/h and for rest half
min. 20 sec [NCERT 1990; Kerala PMT 2004]
of time at 40 km/h. Total distance covered is 60 km. What is
the average speed of the car [RPET 1996]
(a) Zero (b) 2R
(a) 60 km / h (b) 80 km / h
(c) 2R (d) 7R
(c) 120 km / h (d) 180 km / h
6. A wheel of radius 1 meter rolls forward half a revolution on
a horizontal ground. The magnitude of the displacement of 8. A train has a speed of 60 km/h. for the first one hour and 40
the point of the wheel initially in contact with the ground is km/h for the next half hour. Its average speed in km/h is
[BCECE 2005] [JIPMER 1999]
(a) 2 (b) 2 (a) 50 (b) 53.33
(c) 48 (d) 70
(c)  42
(d)  9. Which of the following is a one dimensional motion
[BHU 2000; CBSE PMT 2001]
Uniform Motion
(a) Landing of an aircraft
1. A person travels along a straight road for half the distance (b) Earth revolving a round the sun
with velocity v1 and the remaining half distance with (c) Motion of wheels of a moving trains
velocity v2 The average velocity is given by [MP PMT 2001] (d) Train running on a straight track
10. A 150 m long train is moving with a uniform velocity of 45
v22 km/h. The time taken by the train to cross a bridge of length
(a) v1v2 (b)
v12 850 meters is [CBSE PMT 2001]
v1  v2 2v1v2 (a) 56 sec (b) 68 sec
(c) (d)
2 v1  v2 (c) 80 sec (d) 92 sec

12
11. A particle is constrained to move on a straight line path. It 17. Which of the following options is correct for the object
returns to the starting point after 10 sec. The total distance having a straight line motion represented by the following
covered by the particle during this time is 30 m. Which of graph [DCE 2004]
the following statements about the motion of the particle is D
false [CBSE PMT 2000; AFMC 2001] C

(a) Displacement of the particle is zero

B
t
(b) Average speed of the particle is 3 m/s

(c) Displacement of the particle is 30 m A

O
s
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(a) The object moves with constantly increasing velocity
12. A particle moves along a semicircle of radius 10m in 5 from O to A and then it moves with constant velocity.
seconds. The average velocity of the particle is
(b) Velocity of the object increases uniformly
[Kerala (Engg.) 2001]
(c) Average velocity is zero
(a) 2 ms 1 (b) 4 ms 1 (d) The graph shown is impossible
18. The numerical ratio of displacement to the distance covered
(c) 2 ms 1 (d) 4 ms 1
is always [BHU 2004]

13. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market (a) Less than one
2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km/h. Finding the market (b) Equal to one
closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed
(c) Equal to or less than one
of 7.5 km/h. The average speed of the man over the interval
of time 0 to 40 min. is equal to [AMU (Med.) 2002] (d) Equal to or greater than one
19. A 100 m long train is moving with a uniform velocity of 45
25
(a) 5 km/h (b) km/h km/hr. The time taken by the train to cross a bridge of
4
length 1 km is [BHU 2004]
30 45 (a) 58 s (b) 68 s
(c) km/h (d) km/h
4 8
(c) 78 s (d) 88 s
14. The ratio of the numerical values of the average velocity and 20. A particle moves for 20 seconds with velocity 3 m/s and then
average speed of a body is always [MP PET 2002] velocity 4 m/s for another 20 seconds and finally moves with
velocity 5 m/s for next 20 seconds. What is the average
(a) Unity (b) Unity or less
velocity of the particle [MH CET 2004]
(c) Unity or more (d) Less than unity
(a) 3 m/s (b) 4 m/s
15. A person travels along a straight road for the first half time (c) 5 m/s (d) Zero
with a velocity v1 and the next half time with a velocity v2 .
21. The correct statement from the following is [MP PET 1993]
The mean velocity V of the man is
(a) A body having zero velocity will not necessarily have
[RPET 1999; BHU 2002] zero acceleration

2 1 1 v1  v2 (b) A body having zero velocity will necessarily have zero

(a)   (b) V  acceleration
V v1 v2 2
(c) A body having uniform speed can have only uniform
v1 acceleration
(c) V  v1v2 (d) V 
v2 (d) A body having non-uniform velocity will have zero
th
acceleration
16. If a car covers 2/5 of the total distance with v1 speed and
3/5th distance with v2 then average speed is [MP PMT 2003] 22. A bullet fired into a fixed target loses half of its velocity after
penetrating 3 cm. How much further it will penetrate before
1 v1  v 2 coming to rest assuming that it faces constant resistance to
(a) v1 v 2 (b)
2 2 motion? [AIEEE 2005]

(a) 1.5 cm (b) 1.0 cm

2v1v2 5v1v2
(c) (d)
v1  v2 3v1  2v2 (c) 3.0 cm (d) 2.0 cm

13
23. Two boys are standing at the ends A and B of a ground 7. A body is moving from rest under constant acceleration and
where AB  a . The boy at B starts running in a direction let S1 be the displacement in the first ( p  1) sec and S 2
perpendicular to AB with velocity v1 . The boy at A starts be the displacement in the first p sec . The displacement in
running simultaneously with velocity v and catches the
( p 2  p  1) th sec. will be
other boy in a time t, where t is [CBSE PMT 2005]
(a) S1  S 2 (b) S1 S 2
(a) a / v 2  v12 (b) a 2 /(v 2  v12 )
(c) S1  S 2 (d) S1 / S 2
(c) a /(v  v1 ) (d) a /(v  v1 )
8. A body under the action of several forces will have zero
24. A car travels half the distance with constant velocity of 40 acceleration
kmph and the remaining half with a constant velocity of 60
(a) When the body is very light
kmph. The average velocity of the car in kmph is
[Kerala PMT 2005] (b) When the body is very heavy
(a) 40 (b) 45 (c) When the body is a point body
(c) 48 (d) 50 (d) When the vector sum of all the forces acting on it is
zero
Non-uniform Motion 9. A body starts from the origin and moves along the X-axis such
that the velocity at any instant is given by (4 t 3  2t ) , where t
1. A particle experiences a constant acceleration for 20 sec
after starting from rest. If it travels a distance S1 in the first is in sec and velocity in m / s . What is the acceleration of the
particle, when it is 2 m from the origin
10 sec and a distance S2 in the next 10 sec, then
(a) 28 m / s 2 (b) 22 m / s 2
[NCERT 1972; CPMT 1997; MP PMT 2002]
(a) S1  S2 (b) S1  S2 / 3 (c) 12 m / s 2 (d) 10 m / s 2

(c) S1  S2 / 2 (d) S1  S2 / 4 10. The relation between time and distance is t  x 2  x ,

2. The displacement x of a particle along a straight line at where  and  are constants. The retardation is
time t is given by x  a 0  a1 t  a 2 t 2 . The acceleration of [NCERT 1982; AIEEE 2005]
the particle is [NCERT 1974; RPMT 1999; AFMC 1999] (a) 2v 3
(b) 2v 3
(a) a 0 (b) a1
(c) 2v 3 (d) 2 2 v 3
(c) 2a 2 (d) a 2
11. A point moves with uniform acceleration and v1 ,v 2 and v 3
3. The coordinates of a moving particle at any time are given denote the average velocities in the three successive
by x  at 2 and y  bt 2 . The speed of the particle at any intervals of time t 1 , t 2 and t 3 . Which of the following
moment is [DPMT 1984; CPMT 1997] relations is correct [NCERT 1982]

(a) 2t(a  b) (b) 2t (a  b )

2 2 (a) (v1  v 2 ) : (v 2  v 3 )  (t 1  t 2 ) : (t 2  t 3 )
(b) (v1  v 2 ) : (v 2  v 3 )  (t 1  t 2 ) : (t 2  t 3 )
(c) t a2  b2 (d) 2t (a 2  b 2 )
(c) (v1  v 2 ) : (v 2  v 3 )  (t 1  t 2 ) : (t 1  t 3 )
4. An electron starting from rest has a velocity that increases
(d) (v1  v 2 ) : (v 2  v 3 )  (t 1  t 2 ) : (t 2  t 3 )
linearly with the time that is v  kt, where k  2m / sec 2 .
The distance travelled in the first 3 seconds will be 12. The acceleration of a moving body can be found from
[NCERT 1982] [DPMT 1981]

(a) 9 m (b) 16 m (a) Area under velocity-time graph

(c) 27 m (d) 36 m (b) Area under distance-time graph
5. The displacement of a body is given to be proportional to (c) Slope of the velocity-time graph
the cube of time elapsed. The magnitude of the acceleration (d) Slope of distance-time graph
of the body is [NCERT 1990] 13. The initial velocity of a particle is u (at t  0 ) and the
(a) Increasing with time (b) Decreasing with time acceleration f is given by at . Which of the following
(c) Constant but not zero (d) Zero relation is valid [CPMT 1981; BHU 1995]
6. The instantaneous velocity of a body can be measured t2
(a) v  u  at 2 (b) v  u  a
(a) Graphically (b) Vectorially 2
(c) By speedometer (d) None of these (c) v  u  at (d) v  u

14
14. The initial velocity of the particle is 10 m / sec and its 22. The position of a particle moving in the xy-plane at any time
2
retardation is 2m / sec . The distance moved by the particle t is given by x  (3t 2  6t ) metres, y  (t 2  2t ) metres.
in 5th second of its motion is [CPMT 1976] Select the correct statement about the moving particle from
(a) 1 m (b) 19 m the following [MP PMT 1995]
(a) The acceleration of the particle is zero at t  0 second
(c) 50 m (d) 75 m
(b) The velocity of the particle is zero at t  0 second
15. A motor car moving with a uniform speed of 20 m / sec
(c) The velocity of the particle is zero at t  1 second
comes to stop on the application of brakes after travelling a
(d) The velocity and acceleration of the particle are never zero
distance of 10 m Its acceleration is [EAMCET 1979]
23. If body having initial velocity zero is moving with uniform
(a) 20 m / sec 2 (b)  20m / sec 2
acceleration 8 m / sec 2 the distance travelled by it in fifth
(c)  40 m / sec 2
(d)  2m / sec 2
second will be [MP PMT 1996; DPMT 2001]

16. The velocity of a body moving with a uniform acceleration (a) 36 metres (b) 40 metres
of 2 m. / sec 2 is 10 m / sec . Its velocity after an interval of 4 (c) 100 metres (d) Zero
sec is [EAMCET 1979] 24. An alpha particle enters a hollow tube of 4 m length with an
(a) 12 m / sec (b) 14 m / sec initial speed of 1 km/s. It is accelerated in the tube and
comes out of it with a speed of 9 km/s. The time for which it
(c) 16 m / sec (d) 18 m / sec remains inside the tube is
17. A particle starting from rest travels a distance x in first 2 (a) 8  10 3 s (b) 80  10 3 s
seconds and a distance y in next two seconds, then
(c) 800  10 3 s (d) 8  10 4 s
[EAMCET 1982]
25. Two cars A and B are travelling in the same direction with
(a) y  x (b) y  2 x
velocities v1 and v 2 (v1  v 2 ) . When the car A is at a
(c) y  3x (d) y  4 x
distance d ahead of the car B , the driver of the car A
18. The initial velocity of a body moving along a straight line is applied the brake producing a uniform retardation a There
7 m / s . It has a uniform acceleration of 4 m / s 2 . The will be no collision when [Pb. PET 2004]
distance covered by the body in the 5th second of its motion (v1  v 2 ) 2 v12  v 22
is [MP PMT 1994] (a) d  (b) d 
2a 2a
(a) 25 m (b) 35 m
(v1  v 2 ) 2
v12  v 22
(c) 50 m (d) 85 m (c) d (d) d 
2a 2a
19. The velocity of a body depends on time according to the
26. A body of mass 10 kg is moving with a constant velocity of
equation v  20  0.1t 2 . The body is undergoing
10 m/s. When a constant force acts for 4 seconds on it, it
[MNR 1995; UPSEAT 2000]
moves with a velocity 2 m/sec in the opposite direction. The
(a) Uniform acceleration acceleration produced in it is [MP PET 1997]
(b) Uniform retardation
(a) 3 m / sec 2 (b)  3m / sec 2
(c) Non-uniform acceleration
(d) Zero acceleration (c) 0.3 m / sec 2 (d)  0.3 m / sec 2
20. Which of the following four statements is false 27. A body starts from rest from the origin with an acceleration
[Manipal MEE 1995] of 6 m / s 2 along the x-axis and 8 m / s 2 along the y-axis.
(a) A body can have zero velocity and still be accelerated Its distance from the origin after 4 seconds will be
(b) A body can have a constant velocity and still have a [MP PMT 1999]
varying speed
(a) 56 m (b) 64 m
(c) A body can have a constant speed and still have a
(c) 80 m (d) 128 m
varying velocity
(d) The direction of the velocity of a body can change 28. A car moving with a velocity of 10 m/s can be stopped by
when its acceleration is constant the application of a constant force F in a distance of 20 m. If
the velocity of the car is 30 m/s, it can be stopped by this
21. A particle moving with a uniform acceleration travels 24 m
force in [MP PMT 1999]
and 64 m in the first two consecutive intervals of 4 sec each.
Its initial velocity is [MP PET 1995] 20
(a) m (b) 20 m
(a) 1 m/sec (b) 10 m / sec 3
(c) 60 m (d) 180 m
(c) 5 m/sec (d) 2 m/sec

15
29. The displacement of a particle is given by 37. The acceleration ' a' in m / s 2 of a particle is given by
y  a  bt  ct  dt . The initial velocity and acceleration
2 4
a  3t 2  2t  2 where t is the time. If the particle starts
are respectively [CPMT 1999, 2003] out with a velocity u  2 m / s at t  0 , then the velocity at
(a) b,  4 d (b) b, 2c the end of 2 second is [MNR 1994; SCRA 1994]
(c) b, 2c (d) 2c,  4 d (a) 12 m/s (b) 18 m/s
(c) 27 m/s (d) 36 m/s
30. A car moving with a speed of 40 km/h can be stopped by
applying brakes after atleast 2 m. If the same car is moving 38. A particle moves along a straight line such that its
with a speed of 80 km/h, what is the minimum stopping displacement at any time t is given by
distance S  t 3  6t 2  3t  4 metres
[CBSE PMT 1998,1999; AFMC 2000; JIPMER 2001, 02] The velocity when the acceleration is zero is
(a) 8 m (b) 2 m [CBSE PMT 1994; JIPMER 2001, 02]
(c) 4 m (d) 6 m (a) 3ms 1 (b)  12ms 1
31. An elevator car, whose floor to ceiling distance is equal to 2.7 (c) 42 ms 1 (d)  9 ms 1
m, starts ascending with constant acceleration of 1.2 ms–2.
39. For a moving body at any instant of time [NTSE 1995]
2 sec after the start, a bolt begins fallings from the ceiling of
(a) If the body is not moving, the acceleration is necessarily
the car. The free fall time of the bolt is [KCET 1994]
zero
(a) 0.54 s (b) 6s (b) If the body is slowing, the retardation is negative
(c) 0.7 s (d) 1 s (c) If the body is slowing, the distance is negative
32. The displacement is given by x  2t 2  t  5 , the (d) If displacement, velocity and acceleration at that instant
acceleration at t  2s is [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995] are known, we can find the displacement at any given
time in future
(a) 4 m / s 2 (b) 8 m / s 2
40. The x and y coordinates of a particle at any time t are
(c) 10 m / s 2 (d) 15 m / s 2 given by x  7t  4 t 2 and y  5 t , where x and y are in
33. Two trains travelling on the same track are approaching metre and t in seconds. The acceleration of particle at
each other with equal speeds of 40 m/s. The drivers of the t  5 s is [SCRA 1996]
trains begin to decelerate simultaneously when they are just 2
(a) Zero (b) 8 m / s
2.0 km apart. Assuming the decelerations to be uniform and
2
equal, the value of the deceleration to barely avoid collision (c) 20 m / s (d) 40 m / s 2
should be [AMU 1995] 41. The engine of a car produces acceleration 4 m / s 2 in the
2 2
(a) 11.8 m / s (b) 11.0 m / s car. If this car pulls another car of same mass, what will be
(c) 2.1 m / s 2
(d) 0.8 m / s 2 the acceleration produced [RPET 1996]

34. A body moves from rest with a constant acceleration of (a) 8 m / s 2 (b) 2 m / s 2
2
5 m / s . Its instantaneous speed (in m / s) at the end of 10 1
(c) 4m/ s2 (d) m/ s2
sec is [SCRA 1994] 2
(a) 50 (b) 5 42. If a body starts from rest and travels 120 cm in the 6th
(c) 2 (d) 0.5 second, then what is the acceleration [AFMC 1997]

35. A boggy of uniformly moving train is suddenly detached (a) 0.20 m / s 2 (b) 0.027 m / s 2
from train and stops after covering some distance. The (c) 0.218 m / s 2 (d) 0.03 m / s 2
distance covered by the boggy and distance covered by the
43. If a car at rest accelerates uniformly to a speed of 144 km/h
train in the same time has relation [RPET 1997]
in 20 s. Then it covers a distance of [CBSE PMT 1997]
(a) Both will be equal
(a) 20 m (b) 400 m
(b) First will be half of second (c) 1440 m (d) 2880 m
(c) First will be 1/4 of second 44. The position x of a particle varies with time t as
(d) No definite ratio
x  at 2  bt 3 . The acceleration of the particle will be zero
36. A body starts from rest. What is the ratio of the distance at time t equal to
travelled by the body during the 4th and 3rd second [CBSE PMT 1997; BHU 1999; DPMT 2000;
[CBSE PMT 1993] KCET 2000]
7 5 a 2a
(a) (b) (a) (b)
5 7 b 3b
7 3 a
(c) (d) (c) (d) Zero
3 7 3b

16
45. A truck and a car are moving with equal velocity. On 53. A particle travels 10m in first 5 sec and 10m in next 3 sec.
applying the brakes both will stop after certain distance, then Assuming constant acceleration what is the distance
[CPMT 1997] travelled in next 2 sec [RPET 2000]
(a) Truck will cover less distance before rest (a) 8.3 m (b) 9.3 m
(b) Car will cover less distance before rest (c) 10.3 m (d) None of above
(c) Both will cover equal distance 54. The distance travelled by a particle is proportional to the
(d) None squares of time, then the particle travels with
[RPET 1999; RPMT 2000]
46. If a train travelling at 72 kmph is to be brought to rest in a
distance of 200 metres, then its retardation should be (a) Uniform acceleration (b) Uniform velocity
(c) Increasing acceleration (d) Decreasing velocity
[SCRA 1998; MP PMT 2004]
2 55. Acceleration of a particle changes when [RPMT 2000]
(a) 20 ms (b) 10 ms 2
(a) Direction of velocity changes
(c) 2 ms 2 (d) 1 ms 2 (b) Magnitude of velocity changes
47. The displacement of a particle starting from rest (at t  0 ) is (c) Both of above
given by s  6 t 2  t 3 . The time in seconds at which the (d) Speed changes
particle will attain zero velocity again, is [SCRA 1998]
56. The motion of a particle is described by the equation
(a) 2 (b) 4 u  at . The distance travelled by the particle in the first 4
(c) 6 (d) 8 seconds [DCE 2000]
48. What is the relation between displacement, time and (a) 4 a (b) 12a
acceleration in case of a body having uniform acceleration (c) 6a (d) 8a
[ DCE 1999] 57. The relation 3t  3 x  6 describes the displacement of a
1 particle in one direction where x is in metres and t in sec.
(a) S  ut  ft 2 (b) S  (u  f ) t
2 The displacement, when velocity is zero, is [CPMT 2000]
(c) S  v 2  2 fs (d) None of these (a) 24 metres (b) 12 metres
49. Two cars A and B at rest at same point initially. If A starts (c) 5 metres (d) Zero
with uniform velocity of 40 m/sec and B starts in the same 58. A constant force acts on a body of mass 0.9 kg at rest for
2 10s. If the body moves a distance of 250 m, the magnitude
direction with constant acceleration of 4 m / s , then B will
of the force is [EAMCET (Engg.) 2000]
catch A after how much time [RPET 1999]
(a) 3 N (b) 3.5 N
(a) 10 sec (b) 20 sec
(c) 4.0 N (d) 4.5 N
(c) 30 sec (d) 35 sec
59. The average velocity of a body moving with uniform
50. The motion of a particle is described by the equation acceleration travelling a distance of 3.06 m is 0.34 ms–1. If the
x  a  bt 2 where a  15 cm and b  3 cm/s2. Its change in velocity of the body is 0.18ms–1 during this time, its
instantaneous velocity at time 3 sec will be uniform acceleration is [EAMCET (Med.) 2000]
[AMU (Med.) 2000] (a) 0.01 ms–2 (b) 0.02 ms–2
(a) 36 cm/sec (b) 18 cm/sec (c) 0.03 ms–2 (d) 0.04 ms–2
(c) 16 cm/sec (d) 32 cm/sec 60. Equation of displacement for any particle is
51. A body travels for 15 sec starting from rest with constant s  3t 3  7 t 2  14 t  8m . Its acceleration at time t  1 sec is
acceleration. If it travels distances S1 , S 2 and S 3 in the first [CBSE PMT 2000]
five seconds, second five seconds and next five seconds (a) 10 m/s2 (b) 16 m/s2
respectively the relation between S1 , S 2 and S3 is (c) 25 m/s2 (d) 32 m/s2
[AMU (Engg.) 2000] 61. The position of a particle moving along the x-axis at certain
(a) S1  S 2  S 3 (b) 5S1  3S 2  S 3 times is given below :

1 1 1 1 t (s) 0 1 2 3
(c) S1  S2  S3 (d) S1  S2  S3
3 5 5 3 x (m) –2 0 6 16
52. A body is moving according to the equation Which of the following describes the motion correctly
x  at  bt 2  ct 3 where x  displacement and a, b and [AMU (Engg.) 2001]
c are constants. The acceleration of the body is (a) Uniform, accelerated
[BHU 2000] (b) Uniform, decelerated
(a) a  2bt (b) 2b  6ct (c) Non-uniform, accelerated
(c) 2b  6ct (d) 3b  6ct 2 (d) There is not enough data for generalization

17
62. Consider the acceleration, velocity and displacement of a 70. A car, moving with a speed of 50 km/hr, can be stopped by
tennis ball as it falls to the ground and bounces back. brakes after at least 6m. If the same car is moving at a speed
Directions of which of these changes in the process of 100 km/hr, the minimum stopping distance is
[AMU (Engg.) 2001] [AIEEE 2003]

(a) Velocity only (a) 6m (b) 12m

(c) 18m (d) 24m
(b) Displacement and velocity
71. A student is standing at a distance of 50metres from the bus.
(c) Acceleration, velocity and displacement
As soon as the bus begins its motion with an acceleration of
(d) Displacement and acceleration 1ms–2, the student starts running towards the bus with a
63. The displacement of a particle, moving in a straight line, is uniform velocity u . Assuming the motion to be along a
given by s  2t 2  2t  4 where s is in metres and t in straight road, the minimum value of u , so that the student is
seconds. The acceleration of the particle is [CPMT 2001] able to catch the bus is [KCET 2003]

(a) 2 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2 (a) 5 ms–1 (b) 8 ms–1

(c) 6 m/s2 (d) 8 m/s2 (c) 10 ms–1 (d) 12 ms–1
72. A body A moves with a uniform acceleration a and zero
64. A body A starts from rest with an acceleration a1 . After 2
initial velocity. Another body B, starts from the same point
seconds, another body B starts from rest with an moves in the same direction with a constant velocity v . The
acceleration a 2 . If they travel equal distances in the 5th two bodies meet after a time t . The value of t is
second, after the start of A, then the ratio a1 : a 2 is equal to [MP PET 2003]
[AIIMS 2001] 2v v
(a) (b)
(a) 5 : 9 (b) 5 : 7 a a
(c) 9 : 5 (d) 9 : 7 v v
(c) (d)
65. The velocity of a bullet is reduced from 200m/s to 100m/s 2a 2a
while travelling through a wooden block of thickness 10cm. 73. A particle moves along X-axis in such a way that its
The retardation, assuming it to be uniform, will be coordinate X varies with time t according to the equation
[AIIMS 2001] x  (2  5 t  6 t 2 ) m . The initial velocity of the particle is
(a) 10  10 4 m/s2 (b) 12  10 4 m/s2 [MNR 1987; MP PET 1996; Pb. PET 2004]
(a) 5 m / s (b) 6 m / s
(c) 13.5  10 m/s
4 2
(d) 15  10 m/s
4 2

66. A body of 5 kg is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s. If a force (c) 3 m / s (d) 3 m / s

of 100N is applied on it for 10s in the same direction as its 74. A car starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration a
velocity, what will now be the velocity of the body on a straight road from time t = 0 to t = T. After that, a
[MP PMT 2000; RPET 2001] constant deceleration brings it to rest. In this process the
(a) 200 m/s (b) 220 m/s average speed of the car is [MP PMT 2004]

(c) 240 m/s (d) 260 m/s aT 3aT

(a) (b)
4 2
67. A particle starts from rest, accelerates at 2 m/s2 for 10s and
then goes for constant speed for 30s and then decelerates at aT
(c) (d) aT
4 m/s2 till it stops. What is the distance travelled by it 2
[DCE 2001; AIIMS 2002; DCE 2003] 75. An object accelerates from rest to a velocity 27.5 m/s in 10
(a) 750 m (b) 800 m sec then find distance covered by object in next 10 sec
[BCECE 2004]
(c) 700 m (d) 850 m
(a) 550 m (b) 137.5 m
68. The engine of a motorcycle can produce a maximum
(c) 412.5 m (d) 275 m
acceleration 5 m/s2. Its brakes can produce a maximum
retardation 10 m/s 2. What is the minimum time in which it 76. If the velocity of a particle is given by v  (180  16 x)1 / 2
can cover a distance of 1.5 km [Pb. PMT 2002] m/s, then its acceleration will be [J & K CET 2004]
(a) 30 sec (b) 15 sec (a) Zero (b) 8 m/s2
(c) 10 sec (d) 5 sec (c) – 8 m/s2 (d) 4 m/s2
69. The path of a particle moving under the influence of a force 77. The displacement of a particle is proportional to the cube of
fixed in magnitude and direction is time elapsed. How does the acceleration of the particle
depends on time obtained [Pb. PET 2001]
[MP PET 2002]
(a) Straight line (b) Circle (a) a  t 2 (b) a  2t
(c) Parabola (d) Ellipse (c) at 3
(d) a  t

18
78. Starting from rest, acceleration of a particle is a  2(t  1).
The velocity of the particle at t  5s is [RPET 2002]
Relative Motion
(a) 15 m/sec (b) 25 m/sec 1. Two trains, each 50 m long are travelling in opposite
(c) 5 m/sec (d) None of these direction with velocity 10 m/s and 15 m/s. The time of
79. A body is moving with uniform acceleration describes 40 m crossing is [CPMT 1999; JIPMER 2000; RPET 2001]
in the first 5 sec and 65 m in next 5 sec. Its initial velocity (a) 2s (b) 4 s
will be [Pb. PET 2003]
(a) 4 m/s (b) 2.5 m/s (c) 2 3s (d) 4 3 s
(c) 5.5 m/s (d) 11 m/s 2. A 120 m long train is moving in a direction with speed 20
80. Speed of two identical cars are u and 4u at a specific m/s. A train B moving with 30 m/s in the opposite direction
instant. The ratio of the respective distances in which the and 130 m long crosses the first train in a time
two cars are stopped from that instant is [AIEEE 2002] [CPMT 1996; Kerala PET 2002]
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 (a) 6 s (b) 36 s
(c) 1 : 8 (d) 1 : 16
(c) 38 s (d) None of these
81. The displacement x of a particle varies with time
3. A 210 meter long train is moving due North at a of 25m/s. A
t, x  ae t  be t , where a,b,  and  are positive small bird is flying due South a little above the train with
constants. The velocity of the particle will [CBSE PMT 2005] speed 5m/s. The time taken by the bird to cross the train is
(a) Go on decreasing with time [AMU (Med.) 2001]
(b) Be independent of  and  (a) 6 s (b) 7 s
(c) Drop to zero when    (c) 9s (d) 10 s
(d) Go on increasing with time 4. A police jeep is chasing with, velocity of 45 km/h a thief in
82. A car, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate f through a another jeep moving with velocity 153 km/h. Police fires a
distance S, then continues at constant speed for time t and bullet with muzzle velocity of 180 m/s. The velocity it will
f strike the car of the thief is [BHU 2003; CPMT 2004]
then decelerates at the rate to come to rest. If the total
2 (a) 150 m/s (b) 27 m/s
distance traversed is 15 S, then [AIEEE 2005] (c) 450 m/s (d) 250 m/s
1 1 5. A boat is sent across a river with a velocity of 8 km/hr. If the
(a) S  ft 2 (b) S  ft 2
2 4 resultant velocity of boat is 10 km/hr, then velocity of the
1 2 1 2 river is : [Pb. PET 2004]
(c) S ft (d) S  ft
72 6 (a) 10 km/hr (b) 8 km/hr
83. A man is 45 m behind the bus when the bus start (c) 6 km/hr (d) 4 km/hr
accelerating from rest with acceleration 2.5 m/s2. With what 6. A train of 150 meter length is going towards north direction
minimum velocity should the man start running to catch the at a speed of 10m / sec . A parrot flies at the speed of
bus ? [J&K CET 2005]
5 m / sec towards south direction parallel to the railway
(a) 12 m/s (b) 14 m/s
track. The time taken by the parrot to cross the train is
(c) 15 m/s (d) 16 m/s
[CBSE PMT 1992; BHU 1998]
84. A particle moves along x-axis as
(a) 12 sec (b) 8 sec
x  4(t  2)  a(t  2)2
(c) 15 sec (d) 10 sec
Which of the following is true ? [J&K CET 2005]
7. A boat is moving with velocity of 3ˆi  4 ˆj in river and water
(a) The initial velocity of particle is 4
(b) The acceleration of particle is 2a is moving with a velocity of  3ˆi  4 ˆj with respect to
(c) The particle is at origin at t = 0 ground. Relative velocity of boat with respect to water is :
(d) None of these [Pb. PET 2002]
85. A body starting from rest moves with constant acceleration. (a)  6ˆi  8 ˆj (b) 6ˆi  8ˆj
The ratio of distance covered by the body during the 5th sec
to that covered in 5 sec is [Kerala PET 2005] (c) 8î (d) 6ˆi
(a) 9/25 (b) 3/5 8. The distance between two particles is decreasing at the rate
(c) 25/9 (d) 1/25 of 6 m/sec. If these particles travel with same speeds and in
86. What determines the nature of the path followed by the the same direction, then the separation increase at the rate
particle [AFMC 2005] of 4 m/sec. The particles have speeds as [RPET 1999]
(a) Speed (b) Velocity (a) 5 m/sec ; 1 m/sec (b) 4 m/sec ; 1 m/sec
(c) Acceleration (d) None of these (c) 4 m/sec ; 2 m/sec (d) 5 m/sec ; 2 m/sec

19
9. A boat moves with a speed of 5 km/h relative to water in a 4. Two bodies of different masses m a and m b are dropped
river flowing with a speed of 3 km/h and having a width of 1 from two different heights a and b . The ratio of the time
km. The minimum time taken around a round trip is taken by the two to cover these distances are
[J&K CET 2005] [NCERT 1972; MP PMT 1993]
(a) 5 min (b) 60 min (a) a : b (b) b : a
(c) 20 min (d) 30 min (c) a: b (d) a 2 : b 2
10. For a body moving with relativistic speed, if the velocity is 5. A body falls freely from rest. It covers as much distance in
doubled, then [Orissa JEE 2005] the last second of its motion as covered in the first three
(a) Its linear momentum is doubled seconds. The body has fallen for a time of [MNR 1998]
(b) Its linear momentum will be less than double (a) 3 s (b) 5 s
(c) Its linear momentum will be more than double (c) 7 s (d) 9 s
(d) Its linear momentum remains unchanged 6. A stone is dropped into water from a bridge 44.1 m above
11. A river is flowing from W to E with a speed of 5 m/min. A the water. Another stone is thrown vertically downward 1
man can swim in still water with a velocity 10 m/min. In sec later. Both strike the water simultaneously. What was the
which direction should the man swim so as to take the initial speed of the second stone
shortest possible path to go to the south. [BHU 2005] (a) 12.25 m / s (b) 14.75 m / s
(a) 30° with downstream (b) 60° with downstream (c) 16.23 m / s (d) 17.15 m / s
(c) 120° with downstream (d) South
7. An iron ball and a wooden ball of the same radius are
12. A train is moving towards east and a car is along north, both released from the same height in vacuum. They take the
with same speed. The observed direction of car to the same time to reach the ground. The reason for this is
passenger in the train is [J & K CET 2004] (a) Acceleration due to gravity in vacuum is same
(a) East-north direction (b) West-north direction irrespective of the size and mass of the body
(c) South-east direction (d) None of these (b) Acceleration due to gravity in vacuum depends upon
13. An express train is moving with a velocity v1. Its driver finds the mass of the body
another train is moving on the same track in the same (c) There is no acceleration due to gravity in vacuum
direction with velocity v2. To escape collision, driver applies (d) In vacuum there is a resistance offered to the motion of
a retardation a on the train. the minimum time of escaping the body and this resistance depends upon the mass of
collision will be [RPET 2002] the body
8. A body is thrown vertically upwards. If air resistance is to be
v1  v 2 v12  v 22
(a) t  (b) t 1  taken into account, then the time during which the body
a 2
rises is
(c) None (d) Both [RPET 2000; KCET 2001; DPMT 2001]
(a) Equal to the time of fall
Motion Under Gravity (b) Less than the time of fall
1. A stone falls from a balloon that is descending at a uniform (c) Greater than the time of fall
rate of 12 m / s . The displacement of the stone from the (d) Twice the time of fall
point of release after 10 sec is 9. A ball P is dropped vertically and another ball Q is thrown
(a) 490 m (b) 510 m horizontally with the same velocities from the same height
and at the same time. If air resistance is neglected, then
(c) 610 m (d) 725 m
[MNR 1986; BHU 1994]
2. A ball is dropped on the floor from a height of 10 m. It
(a) Ball P reaches the ground first
rebounds to a height of 2.5 m. If the ball is in contact with
the floor for 0.01 sec, the average acceleration during (b) Ball Q reaches the ground first
contact is [BHU 1997; CPMT 1997] (c) Both reach the ground at the same time
(d) The respective masses of the two balls will decide the time
(a) 2100 m / sec2 downwards (b) 2100 m / sec 2 upwards
10. A body is released from a great height and falls freely
(c) 1400 m / sec 2 (d) 700 m / sec 2 towards the earth. Another body is released from the same
3. A body A is projected upwards with a velocity of 98 m / s . height exactly one second later. The separation between the
The second body B is projected upwards with the same two bodies, two seconds after the release of the second
initial velocity but after 4 sec. Both the bodies will meet after body is [CPMT 1983; Kerala PMT 2002]

(a) 6 sec (b) 8 sec (a) 4.9 m (b) 9.8 m

(c) 10 sec (d) 12 sec (c) 19.6 m (d) 24.5 m

20
11. An object is projected upwards with a velocity of 100 m / s . 18. A body falls from rest, its velocity at the end of first second is
It will strike the ground after (approximately) (g  32 ft / sec) [AFMC 1980]
[NCERT 1981; AFMC 1995]
(a) 16 ft / sec (b) 32 ft / sec
(a) 10 sec (b) 20 sec
(c) 15 sec (d) 5 sec (c) 64 ft / sec (d) 24 ft / sec
12. A stone dropped from the top of the tower touches the 19. A stone thrown upward with a speed u from the top of the
ground in 4 sec. The height of the tower is about tower reaches the ground with a velocity 3u . The height of
[MP PET 1986; AFMC 1994; CPMT 1997; BHU 1998; the tower is [EAMCET 1983; RPET 2003]
DPMT 1999; RPET 1999; MH CET 2003]
(a) 3u 2 / g (b) 4u 2 / g
(a) 80 m (b) 40 m
(c) (d) 160 m
(c) 6u 2 / g (d) 9u 2 / g
20 m
13. A body is released from the top of a tower of height h . It 20. Two stones of different masses are dropped simultaneously
takes t sec to reach the ground. Where will be the ball after from the top of a building [EAMCET 1978]
time t / 2 sec [NCERT 1981; MP PMT 2004] (a) Smaller stone hit the ground earlier
(a) At h / 2 from the ground (b) Larger stone hit the ground earlier
(b) At h / 4 from the ground
(c) Both stones reach the ground simultaneously
(c) Depends upon mass and volume of the body
(d) At 3h / 4 from the ground (d) Which of the stones reach the ground earlier depends
on the composition of the stone
14. A mass m slips along the wall of a semispherical surface of
radius R . The velocity at the bottom of the surface is 21. A body thrown with an initial speed of 96 ft / sec reaches
[MP PMT 1993]
the ground after (g  32 ft / sec 2 ) [EAMCET 1980]
(a) Rg m (a) 3 sec (b) 6 sec
(b) 2Rg
(c) 12 sec (d) 8 sec
R
(c) 2 Rg 22. A stone is dropped from a certain height which can reach
(d) Rg the ground in 5 second. If the stone is stopped after 3
second of its fall and then allowed to fall again, then the
15. A frictionless wire AB is fixed on a sphere of radius R. A very
time taken by the stone to reach the ground for the
small spherical ball slips on this wire. The time taken by this
remaining distance is [MNR 1985]
ball to slip from A to B is
(a) 2 sec (b) 3 sec
2 gR
(a) A (c) 4 sec (d) None of these
g cos 
cos  23. A man in a balloon rising vertically with an acceleration of
(b) 2 gR . 
g O 4.9 m / sec 2 releases a ball 2 sec after the balloon is let go
R B R from the ground. The greatest height above the ground
(c) 2
g reached by the ball is (g  9.8 m / sec 2 ) [MNR 1986]
gR C
(d) (a) 14.7 m (b) 19.6 m
g cos 
(c) 9.8 m (d) 24.5 m
16. A body is slipping from an inclined plane of height h and
length l . If the angle of inclination is  , the time taken by 24. A particle is dropped under gravity from rest from a height
the body to come from the top to the bottom of this inclined h( g  9.8 m / sec 2 ) and it travels a distance 9h / 25 in the
plane is last second, the height h is [MNR 1987]
2h 2l (a) 100 m (b) 122.5 m
(a) (b)
g g (c) 145 m (d) 167.5 m
1 2h 2h 25. A balloon is at a height of 81 m and is ascending upwards
(c) (d) sin 
sin  g g with a velocity of 12 m/s. A body of 2kg weight is dropped
17. A particle is projected up with an initial velocity of from it. If g  10 m / s 2 , the body will reach the surface of
80 ft / sec . The ball will be at a height of 96 ft from the
the earth in [MP PMT 1994]
ground after [MP PMT 1985]
(a) 1.5 s (b) 4.025 s
(a) 2.0 and 3.0 sec (b) Only at 3.0 sec
(c) Only at 2.0 sec (d) After 1 and 2 sec (c) 5.4 s (d) 6.75 s

21
26. An aeroplane is moving with a velocity u . It drops a packet 33. P, Q and R are three balloons ascending with velocities
from a height h . The time t taken by the packet in U , 4U and 8U respectively. If stones of the same mass be
reaching the ground will be
dropped from each, when they are at the same height, then
 2u  [ISM Dhanbad 1994]
 2g 
(a)   (b)   (a) They reach the ground at the same time
 h   g 
(b) Stone from P reaches the ground first
 h   2h  (c) Stone from R reaches the ground first
(c)   (d)  
 2g   g  (d) Stone from Q reaches the ground first
34. A body is projected up with a speed ' u' and the time taken
27. Water drops fall at regular intervals from a tap which is 5 m
by it is T to reach the maximum height H . Pick out the
above the ground. The third drop is leaving the tap at the correct statement [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995]
instant the first drop touches the ground. How far above the (a) It reaches H / 2 in T / 2 sec
ground is the second drop at that instant [CBSE PMT 1995]
(b) It acquires velocity u / 2 in T / 2 sec
(a) 2.50 m (b) 3.75 m (c) Its velocity is u / 2 at H / 2
(c) 4.00 m (d) 1.25 m (d) Same velocity at 2T
28. A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the top of a tower at 35. A body falling for 2 seconds covers a distance S equal to
4.9 ms 1
. It strikes the pond near the base of the tower that covered in next second. Taking g  10 m / s 2 , S 
after 3 seconds. The height of the tower is [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995]
(a) 30 m (b) 10 m
[Manipal MEE 1995]
(c) 60 m (d) 20 m
(a) 73.5 m (b) 44.1 m
36. A body dropped from a height h with an initial speed zero,
(c) 29.4 m (d) None of these strikes the ground with a velocity 3 km / h . Another body of
29. An aeroplane is moving with horizontal velocity u at height same mass is dropped from the same height h with an
h . The velocity of a packet dropped from it on the earth's initial speed u   4 km / h . Find the final velocity of second
surface will be ( g is acceleration due to gravity) body with which it strikes the ground [CBSE PMT 1996]

[MP PET 1995]

(a) 3 km/h (b) 4 km/h
(c) 5 km/h (d) 12 km/h
(a) u 2  2gh (b) 2gh 37. A ball of mass m1 and another ball of mass m 2 are
dropped from equal height. If time taken by the balls are t 1
(c) 2gh (d) u 2  2gh
and t 2 respectively, then [BHU 1997]
30. A rocket is fired upward from the earth's surface such that it t2
creates an acceleration of 19.6 m/sec2. If after 5 sec its (a) t1  (b) t1  t 2
2
engine is switched off, the maximum height of the rocket
t2
from earth's surface would be [MP PET 1995] (c) t1  4t 2 (d) t1 
4
(a) 245 m (b) 490 m
38. With what velocity a ball be projected vertically so that the
(c) 980 m (d) 735 m distance covered by it in 5th second is twice the distance it
31. A bullet is fired with a speed of 1000 m / sec in order to hit covers in its 6th second (g  10 m / s 2 )
[CPMT 1997; MH CET 2000]
a target 100 m away. If g  10 m / s 2 , the gun should be
(a) 58.8 m/s (b) 49 m/s
aimed [MP PET 1996]
(c) 65 m/s (d) 19.6 m/s
(a) Directly towards the target 39. A body sliding on a smooth inclined plane requires 4
(b) 5 cm above the target seconds to reach the bottom starting from rest at the top.
How much time does it take to cover one-fourth distance
(c) 10 cm above the target
starting from rest at the top [BHU 1998]
(d) 15 cm above the target (a) 1 s (b) 2 s
32. A body starts to fall freely under gravity. The distances (c) 4 s (d) 16 s
covered by it in first, second and third second are in ratio 40. A ball is dropped downwards. After 1 second another ball is
[MP PET 1997; RPET 2001]
dropped downwards from the same point. What is the
distance between them after 3 seconds [BHU 1998]
(a) 1 : 3 : 5 (b) 1 : 2 : 3
(a) 25 m (b) 20 m
(c) 1 : 4 : 9 (d) 1 : 5 : 6 (c) 50 m (d) 9.8 m

22
41. A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 4.9 m/s from a bridge in 50. A particle is thrown vertically upwards. If its velocity at half
vertically upward direction. It falls down in water after 2 sec. of the maximum height is 10 m/s, then maximum height
The height of the bridge is [AFMC 1999; Pb. PMT 2003] attained by it is (Take g  10 m/s2)
(a) 4.9 m (b) 9.8 m [CBSE PMT 2001, 2004]
(c) 19.8 m (d) 24.7 m (a) 8 m (b) 10 m
42. A stone is shot straight upward with a speed of 20 m/sec
(c) 12 m (d) 16 m
from a tower 200 m high. The speed with which it strikes the
ground is approximately [AMU (Engg.) 1999] 51. A body, thrown upwards with some velocity, reaches the
maximum height of 20m. Another body with double the
(a) 60 m/sec (b) 65 m/sec
mass thrown up, with double initial velocity will reach a
(c) 70 m/sec (d) 75 m/sec maximum height of [KCET 2001]
43. A body freely falling from the rest has a velocity ‘v’ after it
(a) 200 m (b) 16 m
falls through a height ‘h’. The distance it has to fall down for
its velocity to become double, is [BHU 1999] (c) 80 m (d) 40 m
(a) 2h (b) 4 h 52. A balloon starts rising from the ground with an acceleration
of 1.25 m/s2 after 8s, a stone is released from the balloon.
(c) 6h (d) 8h
The stone will ( g  10 m/s2) [KCET 2001]
44. The time taken by a block of wood (initially at rest) to slide down a
smooth inclined plane 9.8 m long (angle of inclination is 30 o ) is (a) Reach the ground in 4 second

[JIPMER 1999] (b) Begin to move down after being released

1 (c) Have a displacement of 50 m

(a) sec
2 (d) Cover a distance of 40 m in reaching the ground
(b) 2 sec 53. A body is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity u . Find
(c) 4 sec the true statement from the following [Kerala 2001]
30°
(d) 1 sec (a) Both velocity and acceleration are zero at its highest
45. Velocity of a body on reaching the point from which it was point
projected upwards, is [AIIMS 1999; Pb. PMT 1999] (b) Velocity is maximum and acceleration is zero at the
(a) v  0 (b) v  2u highest point
(c) v  0.5u (d) v  u (c) Velocity is maximum and acceleration is g downwards
46. A body projected vertically upwards with a velocity u at its highest point
returns to the starting point in 4 seconds. If g  10 m/sec2, (d) Velocity is zero at the highest point and maximum
the value of u is [KCET 1999] height reached is u 2 / 2g
(a) 5 m/sec (b) 10 m/sec
54. A man throws a ball vertically upward and it rises through
(c) 15 m/sec (d) 20 m/sec 20 m and returns to his hands. What was the initial velocity
47. Time taken by an object falling from rest to cover the height (u) of the ball and for how much time (T ) it remained in
of h1 and h2 is respectively t 1 and t 2 then the ratio of t 1
the air [g  10m / s 2 ] [MP PET 2001]
to t 2 is [RPMT 1999; RPET 2002]
(a) u = 10 m/s, T = 2s (b) u = 10 m/s, T = 4s
(a) h1 : h2 (b) h1 : h2 (c) u = 20 m/s, T = 2s (d) u = 20 m/s, T = 4s
(c) h1 : 2h2 (d) 2h1 : h2 55. A particle when thrown, moves such that it passes from
same height at 2 and 10s, the height is [UPSEAT 2001]
48. A body is thrown vertically up from the ground. It reaches a
maximum height of 100m in 5sec. After what time it will (a) g (b) 2g
reach the ground from the maximum height position (c) 5g (d) 10 g
[Pb. PMT 2000]
56. Three different objects of masses m1 ,m 2 and m 3 are
(a) 1.2 sec (b) 5 sec
allowed to fall from rest and from the same point ‘O’ along
(c) 10 sec (d) 25 sec
three different frictionless paths. The speeds of the three
49. A body thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity u objects, on reaching the ground, will be in the ratio of
reaches maximum height in 6 seconds. The ratio of the
[AIIMS 2002]
distances travelled by the body in the first second and the
seventh second is [EAMCET (Engg.) 2000]
(a) m1 : m 2 : m 3 (b) m1 : 2m 2 : 3m 3

(a) 1 : 1 (b) 11 : 1 1 1 1
(c) 1 : 1 : 1 (d) : :
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 11 m1 m 2 m3

23
57. From the top of a tower, a particle is thrown vertically 66. The acceleration due to gravity on the planet A is 9 times the
downwards with a velocity of 10 m/s. The ratio of the acceleration due to gravity on planet B. A man jumps to a
distances, covered by it in the 3rd and 2nd seconds of the height of 2m on the surface of A. What is the height of jump
by the same person on the planet B [CBSE PMT 2003]
motion is (Take g  10m / s 2 )
(a) 18m (b) 6m
[AIIMS 2000; CBSE PMT 2002]
2 2
(a) 5 : 7 (b) 7 : 5 (c) m (d) m
3 9
(c) 3 : 6 (d) 6 : 3
67. A body falls from rest in the gravitational field of the earth.
58. Two balls A and B of same masses are thrown from the top The distance travelled in the fifth second of its motion is
of the building. A, thrown upward with velocity V and B,
(g  10m / s 2 ) [MP PET 2003]
thrown downward with velocity V, then [AIEEE 2002]
(a) 25m (b) 45m
(a) Velocity of A is more than B at the ground
(c) 90m (d) 125m
(b) Velocity of B is more than A at the ground
68. If a body is thrown up with the velocity of 15 m/s then
(c) Both A & B strike the ground with same velocity maximum height attained by the body is (g = 10 m/s2)
(d) None of these [MP PMT 2003]
59. A ball is dropped from top of a tower of 100m height. (a) 11.25 m (b) 16.2 m
Simultaneously another ball was thrown upward from (c) 24.5 m (d) 7.62 m
bottom of the tower with a speed of 50 m/s ( g  10m / s 2 ) . 69. A balloon is rising vertically up with a velocity of 29 ms–1. A
stone is dropped from it and it reaches the ground in 10
They will cross each other after [Orissa JEE 2002]
seconds. The height of the balloon when the stone was
(a) 1s (b) 2s dropped from it is (g = 9.8 ms–2 ) [KCET 2004]
(c) 3s (d) 4 s (a) 100 m (b) 200 m
60. A cricket ball is thrown up with a speed of 19.6 ms–1. The (c) 400 m (d) 150 m
maximum height it can reach is [Kerala PMT 2002] 70. A ball is released from the top of a tower of height h meters.
(a) 9.8 m (b) 19.6 m It takes T seconds to reach the ground. What is the position
(c) 29.4 m (d) 39.2 m of the ball in T/3 seconds [AIEEE 2004]
61. A very large number of balls are thrown vertically upwards (a) h/9 meters from the ground
in quick succession in such a way that the next ball is thrown (b) 7h/9 meters from the ground
when the previous one is at the maximum height. If the (c) 8h/9 meters from the ground
maximum height is 5m, the number of ball thrown per (d) 17h/18 meters from the ground
71. Two balls of same size but the density of one is greater than
minute is (take g  10 ms 2 ) [KCET 2002]
that of the other are dropped from the same height, then
(a) 120 (b) 80 which ball will reach the earth first (air resistance is
(c) 60 (d) 40 negligible) [J & K CET 2004]
62. A body falling from a high Minaret travels 40 meters in the (a) Heavy ball
last 2 seconds of its fall to ground. Height of Minaret in (b) Light ball
(c) Both simultaneously
meters is (take g  10m / s 2 ) [MP PMT 2002]
(d) Will depend upon the density of the balls
(a) 60 (b) 45 72. A packet is dropped from a balloon which is going upwards
(c) 80 (d) 50 with the velocity 12 m/s, the velocity of the packet after 2
63. A body falls from a height h  200m (at New Delhi). The seconds will be [Pb PMT 2004]
ratio of distance travelled in each 2 sec during t = 0 to t  6 (a) –12 m/s (b) 12 m/s
second of the journey is [BHU 2003; CPMT 2004] (c) –7.6 m/s (d) 7.6 m/s
(a) 1 : 4 : 9 (b) 1 : 2 : 4 73. If a freely falling body travels in the last second a distance
(c) 1 : 3 : 5 (d) 1 : 2 : 3 equal to the distance travelled by it in the first three second,
the time of the travel is [Pb. PMT 2004; MH CET 2003]
64. A man drops a ball downside from the roof of a tower of
(a) 6 sec (b) 5 sec
height 400 meters. At the same time another ball is thrown
(c) 4 sec (d) 3 sec
upside with a velocity 50 meter/sec. from the surface of the
74. The effective acceleration of a body, when thrown upwards
tower, then they will meet at which height from the surface
with acceleration a will be : [Pb. PMT 2004]
of the tower [CPMT 2003]
(a) 100 meters (b) 320 meters (a) a  g2 (b) a2  g2
(c) 80 meters (d) 240 meters (c) (a  g) (d) (a  g)
65. Two balls are dropped from heights h and 2h respectively 75. A body is thrown vertically upwards with velocity u. The
from the earth surface. The ratio of time of these balls to distance travelled by it in the fifth and the sixth seconds are
reach the earth is [CPMT 2003] equal. The velocity u is given by (g = 9.8 m/s2)
[UPSEAT 2004]
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 :1
(a) 24.5 m/s (b) 49.0 m/s
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 (c) 73.5 m/s (d) 98.0 m/s

24
76. A body, thrown upwards with some velocity reaches the 2. The acceleration of a particle is increasing linearly with time
maximum height of 50 m. Another body with double the t as bt . The particle starts from the origin with an initial
mass thrown up with double the initial velocity will reach a velocity v 0 The distance travelled by the particle in time t
maximum height of [BHU 2004] will be [CBSE PMT 1995]
(a) 100 m (b) 200 m
1 2 1 3
(c) 300 m (d) 400 m (a) v 0 t  bt (b) v 0 t  bt
3 3
77. A parachutist after bailing out falls 50 m without friction.
When parachute opens, it decelerates at 2 m/s2. He reaches 1 3 1 2
(c) v 0 t  bt (d) v 0 t  bt
the ground with a speed of 3 m/s. At what height, did he bail 6 2
out ? [AIEEE 2005]
3. The motion of a body is given by the equation
(a) 293 m (b) 111 m
dv(t )
(c) 91 m (d) 182 m  6.0  3v(t) . where v(t ) is speed in m / s and t in
dt
78. Three particles A, B and C are thrown from the top of a
tower with the same speed. A is thrown up, B is thrown sec . If body was at rest at t  0 [IIT-JEE 1995]

down and C is horizontally. They hit the ground with speeds (a) The terminal speed is 2.0 m / s
V A , V B and VC respectively. [Orissa JEE 2005]
(b) The speed varies with the time as v(t)  2(1  e 3 t )m / s
(a) V A  V B  VC (b) V A  V B  VC
(c) V B  VC  V A (d) V A  V B  VC (c) The speed is 0.1m / s when the acceleration is half the
initial value
79. From the top of a tower two stones, whose masses are in the
ratio 1 : 2 are thrown one straight up with an initial speed u (d) The magnitude of the initial acceleration is 6.0m / s 2
and the second straight down with the same speed u. Then,
4. A particle of mass m moves on the x-axis as follows : it
neglecting air resistance [KCET 2005]
starts from rest at t  0 from the point x  0 and comes to
(a) The heavier stone hits the ground with a higher speed
rest at t  1 at the point x  1 . No other information is
(b) The lighter stone hits the ground with a higher speed
available about its motion at intermediate time (0  t  1) . If
(c) Both the stones will have the same speed when they hit
 denotes the instantaneous acceleration of the particle,
the ground.
then [IIT-JEE 1993]
(d) The speed can't be determined with the given data.
80. When a ball is thrown up vertically with velocity Vo , it (a)  cannot remain positive for all t in the interval
reaches a maximum height of 'h'. If one wishes to triple the 0t 1
maximum height then the ball should be thrown with (b) | | cannot exceed 2 at any point in its path
velocity [AIIMS 2005]
(c) | | must be  4 at some point or points in its path
(a) 3 Vo (b) 3Vo
(c) 9Vo (d) 3 / 2Vo (d)  must change sign during the motion but no other
assertion can be made with the information given
81. An object start sliding on a frictionless inclined plane and
from same height another object start falling freely 5. A particle starts from rest. Its acceleration (a) versus time (t)
[ RPET 2000] is as shown in the figure. The maximum speed of the
(a) Both will reach with same speed particle will be a [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2004]

(b) Both will reach with same acceleration (a) 110 m/s 2
10 m/s
(c) Both will reach in same time (b) 55 m/s
(d) None of above
(c) 550 m/s
t(s)
(d) 660 m/s 11

6. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate  for some

time, after which it decelerates at a constant rate  and
comes to rest. If the total time elapsed is t, then the
maximum velocity acquired by the car is
1. A particle moving in a straight line covers half the distance
[IIT 1978; CBSE PMT 1994]
with speed of 3 m/s. The other half of the distance is
covered in two equal time intervals with speed of 4.5 m/s   2 2  2   2 
(a)  t (b)  t
and 7.5 m/s respectively. The average speed of the particle      
   
during this motion is [IIT 1992]
(a) 4.0 m/s (b) 5.0 m/s (   ) t  t
(c) (d)
(c) 5.5 m/s (d) 4.8 m/s  

25
7. A stone dropped from a building of height h and it reaches
after t seconds on earth. From the same building if two
stones are thrown (one upwards and other downwards) with
the same velocity u and they reach the earth surface after t 1
and t 2 seconds respectively, then
[CPMT 1997; UPSEAT 2002; KCET 2002]
t1  t 2 1. The variation of velocity of a particle with time moving
(a) t  t 1  t 2 (b) t  along a straight line is illustrated in the following figure. The
2
distance travelled by the particle in four seconds is
(c) t  t1 t 2 (d) t  t 12 t 22
[NCERT 1973]
8. A ball is projected upwards from a height h above the 30

Velocity (m/s)
surface of the earth with velocity v . The time at which the
ball strikes the ground is (a) 60 m 20

v 2hg v  2h  (b) 55 m 10
(a)  (b) 1  1  
g 2 g  g  (c) 25 m 0
1 2 3 4
v 2gh  v 2g 
Time in second
(d) 30 m
1  1  2  1  v 
2
(c) (d) 
g  v  g  h  2. The displacement of a particle as a function of time is shown
9. A particle is dropped vertically from rest from a height. The in the figure. The figure shows that
time taken by it to fall through successive distances of 1 m [CPMT 1970, 86]
each will then be [Kurukshetra CEE 1996]
2

Displacement
(a) All equal, being equal to 2 / g second
(b) In the ratio of the square roots of the integers 1, 2, 3..... 1
(c) In the ratio of the difference in the square roots of the
integers i.e. 1, ( 2  1), ( 3  2 ), ( 4  3 ) .... 0 1 2 3 4
(d) In the ratio of the reciprocal of the square roots of the Time in second
1 1 1 1 (a) The particle starts with certain velocity but the motion is
integers i.e.,. , , ,
1 2 3 4 retarded and finally the particle stops
10. A man throws balls with the same speed vertically upwards (b) The velocity of the particle is constant throughout
one after the other at an interval of 2 seconds. What should (c) The acceleration of the particle is constant throughout.
be the speed of the throw so that more than two balls are in
(d) The particle starts with constant velocity, then motion is
the sky at any time (Given g  9.8m / s 2 )
accelerated and finally the particle moves with another
[CBSE PMT 2003] constant velocity
(a) At least 0.8 m/s 3. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following
(b) Any speed less than 19.6 m/s graph/graphs represent velocity-time graph of the ball during
(c) Only with speed 19.6 m/s its flight (air resistance is neglected)
(d) More than 19.6 m/s [CPMT 1993; AMU (Engg.) 2000]
11. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed u , the
v v
distance covered during the last t seconds of its ascent is
[CBSE PMT 2003]
1 2 1 2 t t
(a) gt (b) ut  gt
2 2
(c) (u  gt )t (d) ut d (a) (b)
12. A small block slides without friction down an inclined plane
starting from rest. Let S n be the distance travelled from time
v v
Sn
t  n  1 to t  n. Then is
S n 1
t t
[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2004]
2n  1 2n  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2n 2n  1
2n  1 2n (a) A (b) B
(c) (d)
2n  1 2n  1 (c) C (d) D

26
4. The graph between the displacement x and time t for a 8. A lift is going up. The variation in the speed of the lift is as
particle moving in a straight line is shown in figure. During given in the graph. What is the height to which the lift takes
the interval OA, AB, BC and CD , the acceleration of the the passengers [IIT 1970]

particle is [CPMT 1986]

Velocity (m/sec)
Y
OA, AB, BC, CD

Displacement
(a) + 0 + + (a) 3.6 m 3.6
D
(b) – 0 + 0 (b) 28.8 m
A B C
(c) + 0 – + (c) 36.0 m 2 Time (sec) 10 12
O X
(d) – 0 – 0 Time t (d) Cannot be calculated from the above graph

5. The v  t graph of a moving object is given in figure. The 9. The velocity-time graph of a body moving in a straight line is
maximum acceleration is [NCERT 1972] shown in the figure. The displacement and distance travelled
by the body in 6 sec are respectively [MP PET 1994]
5
4
80 3
2
Velocity (cm/sec)

V(m/s)
60 1
0
40 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
2
t(sec)
20 3

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
(a) 8 m, 16 m (b) 16 m, 8 m
Time (sec.)
(a) 1cm / sec c 2 (b) 2cm / sec 2 (c) 16 m, 16 m (d) 8 m, 8 m
10. Velocity-time (v-t) graph for a moving object is shown in the
(c) 3 cm / sec 2 (d) 6 cm / sec 2 figure. Total displacement of the object during the time
interval when there is non-zero acceleration and retardation
6. The displacement versus time graph for a body moving in a
is [Kerala PMT 2005]
straight line is shown in figure. Which of the following
4
regions represents the motion when no force is acting on the  (m/s)
3
body [NCERT 1971]
(a) 60 m 2
X e 1
(b) 50 m
d 0
(c) 30 m 10 20 30 40 50 60
b c t (sec)
(d) 40 m
11. Figures (i) and (ii) below show the displacement-time graphs
a
Time of two particles moving along the x-axis. We can say that
Y
(a) ab (b) bc
X X
(c) cd (d) de
7. The x  t graph shown in figure represents [CPMT 1984]
t (i) t (ii)
Displacement

(a) Both the particles are having a uniformly accelerated

motion
t1
(b) Both the particles are having a uniformly retarded
(a) Constant velocity Time motion
(b) Velocity of the body is continuously changing (c) Particle (i) is having a uniformly accelerated motion
(c) Instantaneous velocity while particle (ii) is having a uniformly retarded motion

(d) The body travels with constant speed upto time t 1 and (d) Particle (i) is having a uniformly retarded motion while
then stops particle (ii) is having a uniformly accelerated motion

27
12. For the velocity-time graph shown in figure below the 17. Which of the following graph represents uniform motion
distance covered by the body in last two seconds of its
[DCE 1999]
motion is what fraction of the total distance covered by it in
all the seven seconds [MP PMT/PET 1998; RPET 2001]
1
(a) 10
2 s

Velocity (m/sec)
8 (a) (b) s
1
(b) 6
4 t
t
1 4
(c)
3 2
2
(d) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 s s
3 Time (sec)
(c) (d)
13. In the following graph, distance travelled by the body in
metres is [EAMCET 1994] t t
Y
15 18. A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the
10
ground. It hits the ground and bounces up vertically to a
(a) 200
vm/s

height d / 2 . Neglecting subsequent motion and air

(b) 250 5 resistance, its velocity v varies with the height h above the
(c) 300 ground is [IIT-JEE Screening 2000]
0
10 20 30 40 X
(d) 400 Time (s) v v
14. Velocity-time curve for a body projected vertically upwards
is [EAMCET (Med.) 1995; AIIMS 1999; d
Pb. PMT 2004; BHU 2004]
(a) h (b) h
d
(a) Parabola (b) Ellipse
(c) Hyperbola (d) Straight line
15. The displacement-time graph of moving particle is shown
below v v
s
Displacement

d d
h h
D (c) (d)
F
C E

Time t 19. The graph of displacement v/s time is

The instantaneous velocity of the particle is negative at the
point [CBSE PMT 1994] s
(a) D (b) F
(c) C (d) E
16. An object is moving with a uniform acceleration which is t
parallel to its instantaneous direction of motion. The Its corresponding velocity-time graph will be [DCE 2001]
displacement (s)  velocity (v) graph of this object is
[SCRA 1998; DCE 2000; AIIMS 2003; Orissa PMT 2004]
v v
s s

(a) (b) (a) (b)

t t
v v

s s
v v
(c) (d)
(c) (d)

v v
t t

28
20. A train moves from one station to another in 2 hours time. 25. Which of the following velocity-time graphs represent
Its speed-time graph during this motion is shown in the uniform motion [Kerala PMT 2004]
figure. The maximum acceleration during the journey is v v
[Kerala PET 2002]

100
Speed in km/hours

80 (a) (b)
D t t
60
40
C v v
20 B
N M L E
A 0.25 0.75 1.00 1.5 2.00
Time in hours
(c) (d)
(a) 140 km h–2 (b) 160 km h–2 t t
(c) 100 km h–2 (d) 120 km h–2
26. Acceleration-time graph of a body is shown. The
21. The area under acceleration-time graph gives
[Kerala PET 2005] corresponding velocity-time graph of the same body is
(a) Distance travelled (b) Change in acceleration [DPMT 2004]
(c) Force acting (d) Change in velocity a
22. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following
plots represents the speed-time graph of the ball during its
height if the air resistance is not ignored
[AIIMS 2003] t

v v
Speed

Speed

(a) (b)

Time Time
(a) t (b) t
Speed

Speed

v v
(c) (d)
(c) (d)
Time Time
23. Which graph represents the uniform acceleration
t t
[DCE 2003]

s s 27. The given graph shows the variation of velocity with

(a) (b) displacement. Which one of the graph given below correctly
represents the variation of acceleration with displacement

t t v [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2005]

v0
s s
(c) (d)

t x0 x
t
24. Which of the following velocity-time graphs shows a realistic
a a
situation for a body in motion [AIIMS 2004]
v v
(a) (b)
x x

(a) (b)

t t
v v a a

(c) (d)
x x

(c) (d)
t t

29
28. The acceleration-time graph of a body is shown below

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option
out of the options given below:
t
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option
out of the options given below:
The most probable velocity-time graph of the body is (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the
  correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(a) (b) (d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
t t (e) If assertion is false but reason is true.

  1. Assertion : A body can have acceleration even if its

velocity is zero at a given instant of time.
Reason : A body is momentarily at rest when it
(c) (d) reverses its direction of motion.
t t 2. Assertion : Two balls of different masses are thrown
vertically upward with same speed. They will
29. From the following displacement-time graph find out the pass through their point of projection in the
velocity of a moving body downward direction with the same speed.
Reason : The maximum height and downward velocity
attained at the point of projection are
Time (sec)

independent of the mass of the ball.

3. Assertion : If the displacement of the body is zero, the
30o distance covered by it may not be zero.
O
Displacement (meter) Reason : Displacement is a vector quantity and
distance is a scalar quantity.
1 4. Assertion : The average velocity of the object over an
(a) m/s (b) 3 m/s
3 interval of time is either smaller than or equal
to the average speed of the object over the
1 same interval.
(c) 3 m/s (d)
3 Reason : Velocity is a vector quantity and speed is a
scalar quantity.
30. The   t plot of a moving object is shown in the
5. Assertion : An object can have constant speed but
figure. The average velocity of the object during the variable velocity.
first 10 seconds is
Reason : Speed is a scalar but velocity is a vector
quantity.
5 6. Assertion : The speed of a body can be negative.
Velocity (ms-1)

Time (sec) Reason : If the body is moving in the opposite

0 direction of positive motion, then its speed is
5 10 negative.

–5 7. Assertion : The position-time graph of a uniform motion

in one dimension of a body can have
negative slope.
(a) 0 (b) 2.5 ms–1
Reason : When the speed of body decreases with time,
(c) 5 ms–1 (d) 2 ms–1 the position-time graph of the moving body
has negative slope.

30
8. Assertion : A positive acceleration of a body can be 19. Assertion : The equation of motion can be applied only
associated with a ‘slowing down’ of the body. if acceleration is along the direction of
Reason : Acceleration is a vector quantity. velocity and is constant.
Reason : If the acceleration of a body is constant then
9. Assertion : A negative acceleration of a body can be
its motion is known as uniform motion.
associated with a ‘speeding up’ of the body.
Assertion : A bus moving due north takes a turn
Reason : Increase in speed of a moving body is and starts moving towards east with same speed. There will be no
independent of its direction of motion. change in the velocity of bus.
Reason : Velocity is a vector-quantity.
10. Assertion : When a body is subjected to a uniform
acceleration, it always move in a straight line. 20. Assertion : The relative velocity between any two bodies
moving in opposite direction is equal to sum
Reason : Straight line motion is the natural tendency of
of the velocities of two bodies.
the body.
Reason : Sometimes relative velocity between two
11. Assertion : Rocket in flight is not an illustration of bodies is equal to difference in velocities of
projectile. the two.
Reason : Rocket takes flight due to combustion of fuel and 21. Assertion : The displacement-time graph of a body
does not move under the gravity effect alone. moving with uniform acceleration is a straight
12. Assertion : The average speed of a body over a given line.
interval of time is equal to the average velocity Reason : The displacement is proportional to time for
of the body in the same interval of time if a uniformly accelerated motion.
body moves in a straight line in one direction. 22. Assertion : Velocity-time graph for an object in uniform
motion along a straight path is a straight line
Reason : Because in this case distance travelled by a
parallel to the time axis.
body is equal to the displacement of the body.
Reason : In uniform motion of an object velocity
13. Assertion : Position-time graph of a stationary object is a increases as the square of time elapsed.
straight line parallel to time axis.
23. Assertion : A body may be accelerated even when it is
Reason : For a stationary object, position does not moving uniformly.
change with time. Reason : When direction of motion of the body is
14. Assertion : The slope of displacement-time graph of a changing then body may have acceleration.
body moving with high velocity is steeper 24. Assertion : A body falling freely may do so with constant
than the slope of displacement-time graph of velocity.
a body with low velocity. Reason : The body falls freely, when acceleration of a
Reason : Slope of displacement-time graph = Velocity body is equal to acceleration due to gravity.
of the body. 25. Assertion : Displacement of a body is vector sum of the
15. Assertion : Distance-time graph of the motion of a body area under velocity-time graph.
having uniformly accelerated motion is a Reason : Displacement is a vector quantity.
straight line inclined to the time axis. 26. Assertion : The position-time graph of a body moving
uniformly is a straight line parallel to position-
Reason : Distance travelled by a body having
axis.
uniformly accelerated motion is directly
proportional to the square of the time Reason : The slope of position-time graph in a uniform
taken. motion gives the velocity of an object.
27. Assertion : The average speed of an object may be equal
16. Assertion : A body having non-zero acceleration can
to arithmetic mean of individual speed.
have a constant velocity.
Reason : Average speed is equal to total distance
Reason : Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. travelled per total time taken.
17. Assertion : A body, whatever its motion is always at rest 28. Assertion : The average and instantaneous velocities
in a frame of reference which is fixed to the have same value in a uniform motion.
body itself. Reason : In uniform motion, the velocity of an object
Reason : The relative velocity of a body with respect to increases uniformly.
itself is zero. 29. Assertion : The speedometer of an automobile measure
18. Assertion : Displacement of a body may be zero when the average speed of the automobile.
distance travelled by it is not zero. Reason : Average velocity is equal to total
Reason : The displacement is the longest distance displacement per total time taken.
between initial and final position.

31
 Motion Under Gravity

1 c 2 b 3 d 4 c 5 b

6 a 7 a 8 b 9 c 10 d

Distance and Displacement 11 b 12 a 13 d 14 b 15 c

16 c 17 a 18 b 19 b 20 c
1 a 2 a 3 c 4 a 5 b
21 b 22 c 23 a 24 b 25 c
6 c
26 d 27 b 28 c 29 a 30 d

Uniform Motion 31 b 32 a 33 b 34 b 35 a

36 c 37 b 38 c 39 b 40 a
1 d 2 d 3 b 4 b 5 c
41 b 42 b 43 b 44 b 45 d
6 d 7 a 8 b 9 d 10 c
46 d 47 b 48 b 49 b 50 b
11 c 12 d 13 d 14 b 15 b
51 c 52 a 53 d 54 d 55 d
16 d 17 c 18 c 19 d 20 b
56 c 57 b 58 c 59 b 60 b
21 a 22 b 23 b 24 c
61 c 62 b 63 c 64 c 65 a

66 a 67 b 68 a 69 b 70 c
Non-uniform Motion
71 c 72 c 73 b 74 c 75 b
1 b 2 c 3 d 4 a 5 a 76 b 77 a 78 a 79 c 80 a

6 ac 7 a 8 d 9 b 10 a 81 a

11 b 12 c 13 b 14 a 15 b
Critical Thinking Questions
16 d 17 c 18 a 19 c 20 b

21 a 22 c 23 a 24 d 25 c 1 a 2 c 3 abd 4 ad 5 b
26 b 27 c 28 d 29 c 30 a 6 d 7 c 8 c 9 c 10 d
31 c 32 a 33 d 34 a 35 b 11 a 12 c
36 a 37 b 38 d 39 d 40 b
Graphical Questions
41 b 42 c 43 b 44 c 45 b

46 d 47 b 48 a 49 b 50 b 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 d
51 c 52 c 53 a 54 a 55 c 6 c 7 d 8 c 9 a 10 b
56 d 57 d 58 d 59 b 60 d 11 c 12 b 13 a 14 d 15 d
61 c 62 b 63 b 64 a 65 d 16 c 17 a 18 a 19 a 20 b
66 b 67 a 68 a 69 a 70 d 21 d 22 c 23 a 24 b 25 a

71 c 72 a 73 a 74 c 75 c 26 c 27 a 28 c 29 c 30 a

76 c 77 d 78 a 79 c 80 d
Assertion and Reason
81 d 82 c 83 c 84 b 85 a

86 d 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a

6 d 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 e
Relative Motion
11 a 12 a 13 a 14 a 15 e

1 b 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 c 16 e 17 a 18 c 19 d 20 e

6 d 7 b 8 a 9 d 10 c 21 b 22 d 23 c 24 e 25 e

11 c 12 b 13 a 26 a 27 e 28 b 29 c

32
 Uniform Motion

1. (d) As the total distance is divided into two equal parts

2v1v2
therefore distance averaged speed 
v1  v2
Distance and Displacement v A tan  A tan 30 1 / 3 1
2. (d)    
v B tan  B tan 60 3 3

1. (a) r  xˆi  yˆj  zkˆ  r  x 2  y2  z 2
2v1v 2 2  20  30
3. (b) Distance average speed  
v1  v 2 20  30
r  6  8  10  10 2 m
2 2 2

120
   24 km / hr
2. (a) r  20ˆi  10ˆj  r  20 2  10 2  22.5 m 5
2v1v 2 2  2.5  4
3. (c) From figure, OA  0 i  30 j , AB  20 i  0 j 4. (b) Distance average speed  
v1  v 2 2.5  4
20 m
A B 200 40
45°   km / hr
65 13
30 m
2v1v 2 2  30  50
30 2 5. (c) Distance average speed  
v1  v 2 30  50
C O 75
  37.5 km / hr
2
BC  30 2 cos 45o i  30 2 sin 45 o j  30 i  30 j
Total distance x
6. (d) Average speed  
Total time t1  t 2
 Net displacement, OC  OA  AB  BC  10 i  0 j
x 1
 OC   10 m.    36 km / hr
x / 3 2x / 3 1 2
 
v1 v2 3  20 3  60
4. (a) An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south so the
net displacement is 100 m towards north. v1  v 2 80  40
7. (a) Time average speed =   60km / hr .
2 2
Then it flies 1200 m upward so r  (100)2  (1200)2
8. (b) Distance travelled by train in first 1 hour is 60 km and
 1204 m ~
 1200 m distance in next 1/2 hour is 20 km.
Total distance 60  20
The option should be 1204 m, because this value So Average speed  
mislead one into thinking that net displacement is in Total time 3/2
upward direction only.  53.33 km / hour
5. (b) Total time of motion is 2 min 20 sec = 140 sec. 9. (d)
As time period of circular motion is 40 sec so in 140 10. (c) Total distance to be covered for crossing the bridge
sec. athlete will complete 3.5 revolution i.e., He will be
= length of train + length of bridge
at diametrically opposite point i.e., Displacement = 2R.
 150m  850m  1000 m
6. (c) Horizontal distance covered by the wheel in half
revolution = R. Distance 1000
Time    80 sec
Velocity 5
A' Final 45 
18

2R 11. (c) Displacement of the particle will be zero because it

comes back to its starting point
A
R Total distance 30m
Average speed    3 m/ s
Initial Total time 10 sec
So the displacement of the point which was initially in Total diplacement
12. (d) Velocity of particle 
contact with ground = AA' = (R)  (2 R)
2 2 Total time
Diameter of circle 2  10
   4 m/ s
=R 2 4  2 4 ( As R  1m) 5 5

33
13. (d) A man walks from his home to market with a speed of 23. (b) Let two boys meet at point C after time 't' from the
d 2.5 1 starting. Then AC  v t , BC  v1 t
5 km / h .Distance  2.5 km and time    hr .
v 5 2 C
and he returns back with speed of 7.5 km / h in rest of
time of 10 minutes.
v v1
10
Distance  7.5   1.25 km
60 A B
a
Total distance
So, Average speed  ( AC)2  ( AB)2  (BC)2  v 2t 2  a 2  v12t 2
Total time
(2.5  1.25)km 45 a2
  km / hr . By solving we get t 
(40 / 60)hr 8 v  v12
2

| Average velocity | | displacement |

14. (b)  1 2v1v 2 2  40  60
| Average speed | | distance | 24. (c) vav    48kmph.
v1  v2 100
because displacement will either be equal or less than
distance. It can never be greater than distance.
Non-uniform Motion
15. (b)
Total distance travelled
16. (d) Average speed  1 2 1
Total time taken 1. (b) As S  ut  at  S1  a(10) 2  50a .....(i)
2 2
x 5v1v2
  As v  u  at  velocity acquired by particle in 10 sec
2x / 5 3 x / 5 3v1  2v2

v1 v2 v  a  10
(c) From given figure, it is clear that the net displacement is 1
17. For next 10 sec , S2  (10a)  10  (a)  (10)2
zero. So average velocity will be zero. 2
18. (c) Since displacement is always less than or equal to S2  150a .....(ii)
distance, but never greater than distance. Hence
From (i) and (ii) S1  S 2 / 3
numerical ratio of displacement to the distance covered
is always equal to or less than one. d2x
2. (c) Acceleration   2a 2
19. (d) Length of train = 100 m dt 2
5
Velocity of train  45 km / hr  45   12.5 m / s 3. (d) Velocity along X-axis v x 
dx
 2at
18 dt
Length of bridge = 1 km = 1000 m
dy
Total length covered by train = 1100 m Velocity along Y-axis v y   2bt
dt
1100
Time taken by train to cross the bridge  = 88 sec Magnitude of velocity of the particle,
12.5
v  v2  v3 345 v  v x2  v y2  2t a 2  b 2
20. (b) Time average velocity = 1   4m / s
3 3 3
3 3 1  1
21. (a) When the body is projected vertically upward then at 4. (a) S  0
v dt  
0
kt dt   kt 2    2  9  9m
 2 0 2
the highest point its velocity is zero but acceleration is
not equal to zero (g  9.8m / s 2 ) . d 2S
5. (a) S  kt 3  a   6kt i.e. at
22. (b) Let initial velocity of the bullet = u dt 2
u 6. (a,c)
After penetrating 3 cm its velocity becomes
2 1 2
7. (a) From S  ut  at
From v 2  u 2  2as 2
2
Target
u 1 1
   u  2a (3)
2
u S1  a(P  1) 2 and S 2  a P 2 [ As u  0 ]
A B u/2 v=0 2 2
2 x C
a
3u 2 u2 From Sn  u  (2n  1)
 6a   a 2
4 8 3 cm
Let further it will penetrate through distance x and S( P 2  P  1)th 
a
2
 a

2(P 2  P  1)  1  2P 2  2P  1
2
 
stops at point C.
For distance BC, v  0, u  u / 2, s  x, a  u 2 / 8 It is clear that S( P 2 P 1)th  S1  S 2

u
2
 u2   F  
From v 2  u 2  2as  0     2  . x  x  1 cm. 8. (d) a  . If F  0 then a  0 .
2  8  m

34
 dv 20. (b) Constant velocity means constant speed as well as same
9. (b) v  4 t 3  2t (given)  a   12t 2  2
dt direction throughout.
t t 21. (a) Distance travelled in 4 sec
and x  v dt   (4 t  2t) dt  t 4  t 2
3
1
0 0 24  4u  a  16 …(i)
2
When particle is at 2m from the origin t 4  t 2  2
Distance travelled in total 8 sec
 t 4  t 2  2  0 (t 2  2) (t 2  1)  0  t  2 sec 1
88  8u  a  64 …(ii)
Acceleration at t  2 sec given by, 2
After solving (i) and (ii), we get u  1 m/s.
a  12t 2  2  12  2  2 = 22 m / s 2
dx d
22. (c) v x   (3t 2  6t )  6t  6 . At t  1, vx  0
dt 1 dt dt
10. (a)  2x    v 
dx 2x   dy d 2
vy   (t  2t)  2t  2 . At t  1, vy  0
dv dv dx dt dt
 a  .
dt dx dt
Hence v  v 2x  vy2  0
dv v.2
a v   2 .v.v 2  2v 3 a
dx (2x   ) 2 23. (a) Distance travelled in n th second  u  (2n  1)
2
 Retardation  2v 3 8
11. (b) Let u1 , u2 , u3 and u4 be velocities at time t  0, t1 , (t1  t 2 ) Distance travelled in 5 th second  0  2  5  1 =36m
2
and (t1  t 2  t 3 ) respectively and acceleration is a then 24. (d) v 2  u 2  2as  (9000)2  (1000)2  2  a  4
u  u2 u  u3 u  u4
v1  1 , v2  2 and v3  3 vu
2 2 2  a  107 m / s 2 Now t 
a
Also u2  u1  at1 , u3  u1  a(t1  t 2 )
9000  1000
t  8  10  4 sec
and u4  u1  a(t1  t 2  t 3 ) 10 7
v1  v2 (t1  t 2 ) 25. (c) Initial relative velocity  v1  v 2 , Final relative velocity  0
By solving, we get 
v2  v3 (t 2  t 3 ) From v 2  u 2  2as  0  (v1  v2 )2  2  a  s
12. (c) Acceleration a  tan  , where  is the angle of tangent
(v1  v2 )2
drawn on the graph with the time axis.  s
2a
13. (b) If acceleration is variable (depends on time) then
If the distance between two cars is 's' then collision will
a t2
 
v  u  ( f ) dt  u  (a t) dt  u 
2 take place. To avoid collision d  s  d  1 2
(v  v )2
2a
a 2 where d  actual initial distance between two cars.
14. (a) Sn  u  (2n  1)  10  (2  5  1)  1 meter
2 2
26. (b) v  u  at  2  10  a  4  a  3m / sec 2
15. (b) From v 2  u 2  2aS  0  u 2  2aS 1 1
27. (c) Sx  ux t  a x t 2  S x   6  16  48 m
 u 2  (20) 2 2 2
 a   20m / s 2
2S 2  10 1 1
S y  uy t  a y t  Sy   8  16  64 m
2

16. (d) v  u  at  10  2  4  18 m / sec 2 2

17. (c) If particle starts from rest and moves with constant S  S x2  Sy2  80m
acceleration then in successive equal interval of time the
ratio of distance covered by it will be 28. (d) S  u 2 . If u becomes 3 times then S will become 9 times
1 : 3 : 5 : 7 ..... (2n  1) i.e. 9  20  180m
29. (c) y  a  bt  ct 2  dt 4
x 1
i.e. ratio of x and y will be 1 : 3 i.e.   y  3x dy dv
y 3 v   b  2ct  4 dt 3 and a   2c  12dt 2
dt dt
18. (a) Sn  u 
a
2n  1 Hence, at t = 0, vinitial = b and ainitial = 2c.
2 2
S1  u1  2 1
30. (a) S  u 2       S2  8 m
 7  2  5  1  7  18  25m .
4
S5 th S 2  u 2  S2 4
2
dv 2h 2  2 .7 5.4
19. (c) Acceleration a   0.1  2t  0.2t 31. (c) t    0.49  0.7 sec
dt (g  a) (9.8  1.2) 11
Which is time dependent i.e. non-uniform acceleration. As u  0 and lift is moving upward with acceleration

35
32. (a) Displacement x  2t 2  t  5 43. (b) Here v  144 km / h  40m / s
dx v  u  at  40  0  20  a  a  2 m / s 2
Velocity   4t  1
dt 1 2 1
 s at   2  (20) 2  400 m
d2x 2 2
Acceleration   4 i.e. independent of time
dt 2 dx d2x a
44. (c)  2at  3bt 2  2  2a  6bt  0  t 
Hence acceleration  4 m / s 2 dt dt 3 b
1
33. (d) Both trains will travel a distance of 1 km before to come mu 2
Kinetic energy
in rest. In this case by using v 2  u 2  2as 45. (b) Stopping distance   2
Retardins force F
 0  (40)  2a  1000  a  0.8 m / s
2 2
If retarding force (F) and velocity (v) are equal then
34. (a) v  u  at  v  0  5  10  50 m / s stopping distance  m (mass of vehicle)
As mcar  mtruck therefore car will cover less distance
35. (b) Let 'a' be the retardation of boggy then distance
covered by it be S. If u is the initial velocity of boggy before coming to rest.
after detaching from train (i.e. uniform speed of train) 46. (d) u  72 kmph  20m / s, v  0
u2 u2 (20)2
v 2  u 2  2as  0  u 2  2as  s b  By using v 2  u 2  2as  a    1 m / s2
2a 2s 2  200
Time taken by boggy to stop
ds
v  u  at  0  u  at  t 
u 47. (b) v   12t  3t 2
a dt
Velocity is zero for t  0 and t  4 sec
u2
In this time t distance travelled by train  s t  ut  48. (a)
a 49. (b) Let A and B will meet after time t sec. it means the
sb 1 distance travelled by both will be equal.
Hence ratio 
st 2 1 1
S A  ut  40 t and S B  at 2   4  t 2
2 2
a a
36. (a) Sn  u  (2n  1)  (2n  1) because u  0 1 2
2 2 S A  S B  40t  4 t  t  20 sec
2
S4 7
Hence  dx
S3 5 50. (b) x  a  bt , v 
2
 2bt
dt
(b) v  u 
 adt  u   (3t  2t  2)dt Instantaneous velocity v  2  3  3  18 cm / sec
2
37.
51. (c) If the body starts from rest and moves with constant
3t 3
2t 2 acceleration then the ratio of distances in consecutive
u   2t  u  t 3  t 2  2t equal time interval S1 : S2 : S3  1 : 3 : 5
3 2
 2  8  4  4  18 m / s (As t = 2 sec) d 2x
52. (c) x  at  bt 2  ct 3 , a   2b  6ct
dt 2
ds dv
38. (d) v   3t 2  12t  3 and a   6t  12 53. (a) Let initial (t  0) velocity of particle  u
dt dt
For first 5 sec motion s 5  10 metre
For a  0 , we have t  2 and at t  2, v  9 ms 1
1 2 1
39. (d) s  ut  at  10  5u  a(5) 2
2 2
1
2u  5a  4 …(i)
 2  2  2  2  2
d x d y For first 8 sec of motion s 8  20 metre
40. (b) a  a x2  ay2   2    2  
 dt   dt  
  1
20  8u  a(8) 2  2u  8 a  5 …(ii)
2 2 2
d y d x
Here  0 . Hence a   8m / s 2 7 1
dt 2 dt 2 By solving u  m / s and a  m / s 2
6 3
1
41. (b) F  m  a , If force is constant then a  . So If mass Now distance travelled by particle in Total 10 sec.
m
1
is doubled then acceleration becomes half. s10  u  10  a(10)2
2
a a By substituting the value of u and a we will get
42. (c) Sn  u  (2n  1)  1.2  0  (2  6  1)
2 2 s10  28.3 m
1.2  2 so the distance in last 2 sec  s10  s 8
 a  0.218 m / s 2
11  28.3  20  8.3m

36
54. (a) s  t 2 (given)  s  Kt 2 S1 
1
 2  (10) 2  100 m
2
d s 2
Acceleration a   2k (constant) then it moves with constant velocity (20 m/s) for 30 sec
dt 2
It means the particle travels with uniform acceleration. S 2  20  30  600 m
55. (c) Because acceleration is a vector quantity After that due to retardation (4 m / s 2 ) it stops
2

  at dt 
at
56. (d) u  at , x  u dt  v 2 (20) 2
2 S3    50m
2a 2  4
For t  4 sec, x  8 a Total distance travelled S1  S 2  S 3  750m
57. (d) 3t  3 x  6  3 x  (3t  6) 2 68. (a) If a body starts from rest with acceleration  and then
 x  3t 2  12t  12 retards with retardation  and comes to rest. The total
dx time taken for this journey is t and distance covered is S
v  6 t  12 , for v  0, t  2 sec
dt 1 t 2 1 5  10
then S    t2
x  3(2) 2  12  2  12  0 2 (   ) 2 (5  10)
58. (d) u  0, S  250m, t  10 sec 1 5  10
 1500   t 2  t  30 sec .
2 (5  10)
1 2 1
S  ut  at  250  a[10] 2  a  5m / s 2 69. (a)
2 2
So, F  ma  0.9  5  4.5 N 70. (d) S  u 2 . Now speed is two times so distance will be four
times S  4  6  24 m
Distance 3.06
59. (b) Time    9 sec 71. (c) Let student will catch the bus after t sec. So it will cover
Average velocity 0.34
distance ut.
Change in velocity 0.18 1
Acceleration   =0.02 m / s 2 Similarly distance travelled by the bus will be at 2 for
Time 9 2
60. (d) s  3t 3  7 t 2  14 t  8 m the given condition
d 2s 1 t2
a  18 t  14 at t  1 sec  a  32m / s 2 ut  50  at 2  50  [ a  1 m/ s2 ]
dt 2 2 2
x 50 t
61. (c) Instantaneous velocity v  u  
t t 2
By using the data from the table To find the minimum value of u
0  (2) 60 du
v1   2m / s, v 2   6 m/ s  0 , so we get t  10 sec , then u  10 m / s
1 1 dt
1 2 2v
16  6 72. (a) at  vt  t 
v3   10 m / s 2 a
1
73. (a) The velocity of the particle is
So, motion is non-uniform but accelerated.
dx d
62. (b) Only direction of displacement and velocity gets  (2  5 t  6t 2 )  (0  5  12t)
changed, acceleration is always directed vertically dt dt
downward. For initial velocity t  0 , hence v  5 m / s .
d 2s 74. (c) For First part,
63. (b) s  2t 2  2t  4, a  2
 4m/ s2 u = 0, t = T and acceleration = a
dt
1 1
64. (a) According to problem  v  0  aT  aT and S1  0  aT 2  aT 2
Distance travelled by body A in 5 th sec and distance 2 2
For Second part,
travelled by body B in 3rd sec. of its motion are equal.
u  aT , retardation=a1, v  0 and time taken = T1 (let)
a a
0  1 (2  5  1)  0  2 [2  3  1]  0  u  a1T1  aT  a1T1
2 2
a1 5 u2 1 a 2T 2
9a1  5a 2   and from v2  u2  2aS2  S2  
a2 9 2a1 2 a1
65. (d) u  200 m / s, v  100 m / s, s  0.1 m 1  aT 
S2  aT  T1  As a1  
2  T1 
u v
2
(200)  (100)
2 2 2 
a   15  10 4 m / s 2
2s 2  0.1 1 1
aT 2  aT  T1
F  100  S1  S2 2 2
66. (b) v  u  at  u    t  20     10  220 m / s  vav  
T  T1 T  T1
m  5 
67. (a) Velocity acquired by body in 10sec 1
aT (T  T1 )
v  0  2  10  20m / s 1
 2  aT
and distance travelled by it in 10 sec T  T1 2

37
75. (c) u = 0, v  27.5 m / s and t = 10 sec Acceleration  ae t ( )  be bt .
27.5  0
a   2.75 m / s 2  a 2 e t  b 2 e  t
10
Acceleration is positive so velocity goes on increasing
Now, the distance traveled in next 10 sec, with time.
1 2 1 82. (c) Let car starts from point A from rest and moves up to
S  ut  at  27.5  10   2.75  100
2 2 point B with acceleration f
= 275 + 137.5 = 412.5 m
A B t C D
x y
76. (c) v  (180  16 x)1 / 2 S

As a 
dv dv dx
 . Velocity of car at point B, v  2 fS
dt dx dt
[As v 2  u 2  2as ]
1  dx 
 a  (180  16 x ) 1 / 2  (16)   Car moves distance BC with this constant velocity in time t
2  dt 
x 2 fS . t ......(i) [As s  ut ]
  8 (180  16 x )1 / 2  v
So the velocity of car at point C also will be 2 fs and
  8 (180  16 x )1 / 2  (180  16 x)1 / 2   8 m / s 2
finally car stops after covering distance y.
77. (d) x  t 3  x  Kt 3 ( 2 fS )2 2 fS
Distance CD  y    2S ....(ii)
dx dv 2( f / 2) f
v  3 Kt 2 and a   6 Kt
dt dt [As v 2  u 2  2as  s  u 2 / 2a]
i.e. a  t So, the total distance AD = AB  BC  CD =15S (given)
dv  S  x  2S  15 S  x  12S
78. (a)  a   2(t  1)  dv  2(t  1) dt
dt Substituting the value of x in equation (i) we get
5
5 t2   25  x 2 fS . t  12S  2 fS .t  144 S 2  2 fS.t 2
0 
 v  2 (t  1)dt  2  t   2
 2  0  2
 5  = 15 m/s
 1 2
 S ft .
1 2 72
79. (c)  S1  ut  at .....(i)
2 83. (c) Let man will catch the bus after 't' sec . So he will cover
and velocity after first t sec distance ut.
v  u  at s1 s2
Similarly distance travelled by the bus will be
1 2
at .
A C 2
1 2
Now, S 2  vt  at t1 t2
For the given condition
2 t1 = t2 = t (given)
1 2
1 2 u t  45  a t  45  1.25 t 2 [ As a  2.5m / s 2 ]
 (u  at )t  at ..... (ii) 2
2
45
Equation (ii) – (i)  S 2  S1  at 2  u  1.25 t
t
S2  S1 65  40 To find the minimum value of u
a   1 m / s2
t2 (5)2
du
From equation (i), we get,  0 so we get t  6 sec then,
dt
1 2 1
S1  ut  at  40  5u   1  25 45
2 2 u  1.25  6  7.5  7.5  15m / s
6
 5u  27.5  u  5.5 m / s
84. (b) x  4(t  2)  a(t  2)2
2
S1  1  1 At t  0, x  8  4 a  4 a  8
80. (d) S  u2    
S2  4  16
dx
v  4  2a(t  2)
81. (d) x  ae t  be t dt
dx d At t  0, v  4  4a  4(1  a)
Velocity v   (ae t  be t )
dt dt
d2x
t t t t But acceleration, a   2a
 a.e ( )  be . )  ae  be dt 2

38
85. (a) Distance covered in 5th second, m0v
10. (c) Relativistic momentum 
a a 9a 1  v2 / c 2
S5 th  u  (2n  1)  0  (2  5  1) 
2 2 2 If velocity is doubled then the relativistic mass also
and distance covered in 5 second, increases. Thus value of linear momentum will be more
1 1 25a than double.
S5  ut  at 2  0   a  25 
2 2 2 11. (c) For shortest possible path man should swim with an
S5 th angle (90+) with vR
9 W E
  downstream.
S5 25
From the fig, 
86. (d) The nature of the path is decided by the direction of v 5 1 vm
velocity, and the direction of acceleration. The sin  r  
vm 10 2
trajectory can be a straight line, circle or a parabola vR
   = 30°
depending on these factors.
So angle with downstream = 90  30  120
Relative Motion vc
12. (b) vct  vc  vt vct

Total length 50  50 100 vct  vc  (vt )

1. (b) Time     4 sec 45°
Relative velocity 10  15 25
2. (d) Total distance  130  120  250 m – vt vt
Relative velocity  30  (20)  50 m / s Velocity of car w.r.t. train (vct ) is towards West – North
Hence t  250 / 50  5 s 13. (a) As the trains are moving in the same direction. So the
3. (b) Relative velocity of bird w.r.t train  25  5  30 m / s initial relative speed (v1  v2 ) and by applying
retardation final relative speed becomes zero.
210
time taken by the bird to cross the train t   7 sec
30 v1  v2
From v  u  at  0  (v1  v 2 )  at  t 
4. (a) Effective speed of the bullet a
= speed of bullet + speed of police jeep
 180 m / s  45 km / h  (180  12.5) m / s  192.5 m / s Motion Under Gravity
Speed of thief ’s jeep  153km / h  42.5m / s
1. (c) u  12 m / s , g  9.8 m / sec 2 , t  10 sec
Velocity of bullet w.r.t thief ’s car  192.5  42.5 =150m/s
(c) Given AB  Velocity of boat= 8 km/hr 1 2
5. Displacement  ut  gt
2
AC  Resultant velocity of boat B C
1
= 10 km/hr  12  10 
 9.8  100  610m
2
BC  Velocity of
2. (b) Velocity at the time of striking the floor,
river  AC 2  AB 2 
u  2gh1  2  9.8  10  14 m / s
 (10)2  (8) 2  6 km / hr A Velocity with which it rebounds.
6. (d) Relative velocity v  2 gh2  2  9.8  2.5  7 m / s
 10  5  15 m / sec
 Change in velocity v  7  (14)  21m / s
150
t   10 sec v 21
15  Acceleration    2100 m / s 2 (upwards)
t 0.01
7. (b) The relative velocity of boat w.r.t. water
3. (d) Let t be the time of flight of the first body after meeting,
 vboat  vwater  (3 ˆi  4 ˆj )  (3 ˆi  4 ˆj )  6 ˆi  8 ˆj then (t  4) sec will be the time of flight of the second
8. (a) When two particles moves towards each other then body. Since h1  h2
v1  v 2  6 ...(i) 1 2 1
 98 t gt  98(t  4)  g(t  4)2
When these particles moves in the same direction then 2 2
v1  v 2  4 ...(ii) On solving, we get t  12 seconds
By solving v1  5 and v 2  1 m / s 4.
1
(c) h  gt 2  t  2h / g
9. (d) For the round trip he should cross perpendicular to the 2
1km 2a 2b t a
river  Time for trip to that side   0.25hr ta  and t b   a 
4km/hr g g tb b
To come back, again he take 0.25 hr to cross the river. 1 g
5. (b) g(3) 2  (2n  1)  n  5 s
Total time is 30 min, he goes to the other bank and 2 2
come back at the same point.

39
6. (a) Time taken by first stone to reach the water surface 16. (c) Force down the plane  mg sin 
from the bridge be t, then  Acceleration down the plane  g sin 
1 1
h  ut  gt 2  44.1  0  t   9.8 t 2 1
2 2 Since l  0  g sin t 2
2
2  44.1
t  3 sec 2l 2h 1 2h
9.8  t2   t
g sin  g sin 2  sin g
Second stone is thrown 1 sec later and both strikes
simultaneously. This means that the time left for second 1 2 32 2
17. (a) h  ut  gt  96  80 t  t
stone  3  1  2 sec 2 2
1  t 2  5t  6  0  t  2 sec or 3 sec
Hence 44.1  u  2  9.8(2) 2
2 18. (b) v  g  t  32  1  32 ft / sec
 44.1  19.6  2u  u  12.25 m / s 4u 2
19. (b) v 2  u 2  2gh  (3u) 2  (u) 2  2gh  h 
7. (a) g
8. (b) Let the initial velocity of ball be u
2h
u u2 20. (c) t and h and g are same.
Time of rise t 1  and height reached  g
ga 2(g  a)
2u 2  96
Time of fall t 2 is given by 21. (b) Time of flight    6 sec
g 32
1 u2
(g  a)t 22  1 2 25
2 2(g  a) 22. (c) Total distance  gt  g
2 2
u u ga 9
 t2   Distance moved in 3 sec  g
(g  a)(g  a) (g  a) ga 2
1 1 16
 t 2  t 1 because  Remaining distance  g
g a g a 2
9. (c) Vertical component of velocities of both the balls are If t is the time taken by the stone to reach the ground
for the remaining distance then
2h
same and equal to zero. So t  16 1
g  g  gt 2  t  4 sec
2 2
10. (d) The separation between the two bodies, two seconds
23. (a) Height travelled by ball (with balloon) in 2 sec
after the release of second body
1 1
1 h1  a t 2   4.9  22  9.8 m
  9.8[(3) 2  (2) 2 ]  24.5 m 2 2
2
Velocity of the balloon after 2 sec
2u 2  100
11. (b) Time of flight    20 sec v  a t  4.9  2  9.8 m / s
g 10
Now if the ball is released from the balloon then it
1 1
12. (a) h  gt 2   10  (4) 2  80 m acquire same velocity in upward direction.
2 2 Let it move up to maximum height h2
13. (d) Let the body after time t / 2 be at x from the top, then
v 2  u 2  2gh2  0  (9.8)2  2  (9.8)  h2  h2 =4.9m
1 t 2 gt 2
x g  …(i) Greatest height above the ground reached by the ball
2 4 8
 h1  h2  9.8  4.9  14.7 m
1 2
h  gt …(ii) 24. (b) Let h distance is covered in n sec
2
h 1
Eliminate t from (i) and (ii), we get x   h  gn 2 …(i)
4 2
h 3h 1
 Height of the body from the ground  h   Distance covered in n th sec  g(2n  1)
4 4 2
14. (b) By applying law of conservation of energy 9h g
1   (2n  1) …(ii)
mgR  mv 2  v  2 Rg 25 2
2
From (i) and (ii), h  122.5 m
15. (c) Acceleration of body along AB is g cos 
1 2 1
1 25. (c) h  ut  gt  81  12t   10  t 2  t  5.4 sec
(g cos )t 2
Distance travelled in time t sec = AB  2 2
2
1 26. (d) The initial velocity of aeroplane is horizontal, then the
From ABC, AB  2R cos ; 2R cos  g cost 2 vertical component of velocity of packet will be zero.
2
2h
 t2 
4R
or t  2
R So t 
g g g

40
 2h From(i) and (ii), 2u  20  u  25  u  5
27. (b) Time taken by first drop to reach the ground t 
g  S  2  5  20  30 m

2 5 36. (c) For first case v 2  0 2  2gh  (3)2  2 gh

 t  1 sec
10
For second case v 2  (u)2  2gh  4 2  3 2  v  5km/h
As the water drops fall at regular intervals from a tap
1 37. (b) The time of fall is independent of the mass.
therefore time difference between any two drops  sec
2 g
38. (c) hnth  u  (2n  1)
In this given time, distance of second drop from the 2
2
1 1 5 h5 th  u 
10
(2  5  1)  u  45
tap  g     1.25 m
2  2 5 2
Its distance from the ground  5  1.25  3.75 m 10
h6 th  u  (2  6  1)  u  55
1 2 2
28. (c) h  ut  gt , t  3 sec, u  4.9 m / s
2 Given h5th  2  h6th .By solving we get u  65 m / s
 h  4.9  3  4.9  9  29.4 m
1 2 1
29. (a) Horizontal velocity of dropped packet  u 39. (b) S  ut  at  0  at 2
2 2
Vertical velocity  2 gh
Hence t  S i.e., if S becomes one-fourth then t will
 Resultant velocity at earth  u 2  2 gh become half i.e., 2 sec
40. (a) Distance between the balls = Distance travelled by first
30. (d) Given a  19.6 m / s 2  2g
ball in 3 seconds –Distance travelled by second ball in 2
Resultant velocity of the rocket after 5 sec 1 1
v  2g  5  10 g m / s seconds = g (3)2  g (2)2  45  20  25 m
2 2
1 41. (b) Speed of stone in a vertically upward direction is 4.9
Height achieved after 5 sec, h1   2g  25  245m
2 m/s. So for vertical downward motion we will consider
On switching off the engine it goes up to height h2 u  4.9 m / s
where its velocity becomes zero. 1 2 1
h  ut  gt  4.9  2   9.8  (2) 2  9.8 m
0  (10 g) 2  2gh2  h2  490m 2 2
 Total height of rocket  245  490  735 m 42. (b) Speed of stone in a vertically upward direction is 20m/s.
100 So for vertical downward motion we will consider
31. (b) Bullet will take  0.1 sec to reach target. u  20 m / s
1000
During this period vertical distance (downward) v 2  u 2  2gh  (20) 2  2  9.8  200  4320 m / s
1 1
travelled by the bullet  gt 2   10  (0.1)2 m  5 cm v~
 65 m / s .
2 2
So the gun should be aimed 5 cm above the target. 43. (b) Let at point A initial velocity of body is equal to zero
u=0
g for path AB : v 2  0  2 gh …(i)
32. (a) Sn  u  (2n  1) ; when u  0 , S1 : S 2 : S 3  1 : 3 : 5 A
2
for path AC : (2v) 2  0  2 gx
33. (b) It has lesser initial upward velocity. h
34. (b) At maximum height velocity v  0 4v 2  2 gx …(ii) x
We know that v  u  at , hence B v
Solving (i) and (ii) x  4 h
0  u  gT  u  gT
u C 2v
When v  , then
2 44. (b) For one dimensional motion along a plane
u u gT T
 u  gt  gt   gt  t S  ut 
1 2 1
at  9.8  0  g sin 30 o t 2  t  2 sec
2 2 2 2 2 2
T u
Hence at t  , it acquires velocity 45. (d) Body reaches the point of projection with same velocity.
2 2
2u
35. (a) If u is the initial velocity then distance covered by it in 2 sec 46. (d) Time of flight T   4 sec  u  20 m / s
g
1 1
S  ut  at 2  u  2   10  4  2u  20 …(i)
2 2 2h t h1
47. (b) t   1 
Now distance covered by it in 3rd sec g t2 h2
g
S3 rd  u  2  3  110  u  25 …(ii) 48. (b) Time of ascent = Time of descent = 5 sec
2

41
 u 1 2 1
49. (b) Time of ascent   6 sec  u  60 m / s 59. (b) h1  gt , h2  50t  gt 2
g 2 2
g u=0
Distance in first second hfirst  60  (2  1  1)  55 m
2 h1
Distance in seventh second will be equal to the distance
100 m
in first second of vertical downward motion
g h2
hseventh  (2  1  1)  5 m  hfirst / hseventh  11 : 1
2 u=50 m/s
50. (b) Let particle thrown with velocity u and its maximum
u2 Given h1  h2  100m  50t  100  t  2 sec
height is H then H 
2g
u 2 19.6  19.6
60. (b) H max    19.6 m
When particle is at a height H / 2 , then its speed is 10 m/s 2g 2  9.8
From equation v 2  u 2  2 gh 61. (c) Maximum height of ball = 5 m

H u 2 So velocity of projection  u  2 gh  10 m / s

(10) 2  u 2  2g    u 2  2g  u 2  200
 2 4g Time interval between two balls (time of ascent)
2
u 200 u 1
Maximum height  H    10 m   1 sec  min .
2g 2  10 g 60
51. (c) Mass does not affect on maximum height. So number of ball thrown per min. = 60

u2 62. (b) Let height of minaret is H and body take time T to fall
H  H  u 2 , So if velocity is doubled then from top to bottom.
2g
height will become four times. i.e. H  20  4  80m
(H-40) m
52. (a) When the stone is released from the balloon. Its height
1 1 (T-2)sec
h  at 2   1.25  (8) 2  40 m and velocity TH H
H
2 2
v  at  1.25  8  10 m / s 40m 2 sec
Time taken by the stone to reach the ground
1
H gT 2 …(i)
v 2gh  10  2  10  40  2
t  1  1  2   1  1   =4 sec
g  v  10  (10)   In last 2 sec. body travels distance of 40meter so in
(T  2) sec distance travelled  ( H  40) m .
u2
53. (d) At highest point v  0 and H max  1
2g (H  40)  g(T  2) 2 …(ii)
2
54. (d) u  2gh  2  10  20  20 m / s
By solving (i) and (ii) T  3 sec and H  45 m .
2u 2  20 (c) S n  (2n  1) . In equal time interval of 2 seconds
and T    4 sec 63.
g 10
Ratio of distance  1 : 3 : 5
55. (d) If t1 and t 2 are the time, when body is at the same
64. (c) Let both balls meet at point P after time t.
1 1
height then, h  g t1 t 2   g  2  10  10 g A
2 2
h1
56. (c) Speed of the object at reaching the ground v  2 gh P

If heights are equal then velocity will also be equal. 400 m

h2
10
57. (b) S3 rd  10  (2  3  1)  35 m B
2
S rd 1 2
10 7 The distance travelled by ball A, h1  gt
S 2nd  10  (2  2  1)  25m  3  2
2 S 2nd 5
1
The distance travelled by ball B, h2  ut  gt 2
58. (c) v 2  u 2  2 gh  v  u 2  2 gh 2
h1  h2  400 m  ut  400, t  400 / 50  8 sec
so for both the cases velocity will be equal.
 h1  320 m and h2  80 m

42
 2h t h1 1 1 75. (b) The given condition is possible only when body is at its
65. (a) t   1    highest position after 5 seconds
g t2 h2 2 2
It means time of ascent = 5 sec
u2 1
66. (a) H max   H max  2u
2g g and time of flight T   10  u  50 m / s
g
On planet B value of g is 1 / 9 times to that of A. So
value of H max will become 9 times i.e. 2  9  18 metre 76. (b) H max  u 2 , It body projected with double velocity then

g 10 maximum height will become four times i.e. 200 m.

67. (b) hn  (2n  1)  h5 th  (2  5  1)  45 m .
2 2 77. (a) After bailing out from point A parachutist falls freely
2 2 under gravity. The velocity acquired by it will ‘v’
u (15)
68. (a) hmax    11.25 m .
2g 2  10 u=0 (A)
69. (b) For stone to be dropped from rising balloon of velocity 29 m/s.
u   29 m / s, t = 10 sec.
1
 h   29  10   9.8  100 50 m
2
= – 290 + 490 = 200 m. (B)
1 1
70. (c)  h  ut  gt 2  h  gT 2 v
2 2

h
h
t=T/3
h
(C)
h–h Ground

T
After seconds, the position of ball,
3 From v 2  u 2  2as  0  2  9.8  50 = 980
2
1 T 1 g
h  0  g     T 2 [As u = 0, a  9.8m / s 2 , s = 50 m]
2 3 2 9
At point B, parachute opens and it moves with
1 g h
h'    T 2  m from top retardation of 2 m / s 2 and reach at ground (Point C)
2 9 9
with velocity of 3m / s
h 8h
 Position of ball from ground  h   m.
9 9 For the part ‘BC’ by applying the equation
71. (c) Since acceleration due to gravity is independent of v 2  u 2  2as
mass, hence time is also independent of mass
(or density) of object. v  3m / s , u  980m / s , a  2m / s 2 , s = h
72. (c) When packet is released from the balloon, it acquires
the velocity of balloon of value 12 m/s. Hence velocity  (3) 2  ( 980 ) 2  2  (2)  h  9  980  4 h
of packet after 2 sec, will be
v  u  gt  12  9.8  2 = – 7.6 m/s. 980  9 971
 h   242.7 ~
 243 m.
73. (b) The distance traveled in last second. 4 4

g 1 So, the total height by which parachutist bail out

SLast  u  (2t  1)   9.8(2t  1)  4.9(2t  1)
2 2 = 50  243 = 293 m.
and distance traveled in first three second, 78. (a)
1
S Three  0   9.8  9  44.1 m 79. (c)
2
According to problem SLast  S Three 80. (a) H max  u 2  u  H max
 4.9(2t  1)  44.1  2t  1  9  t = 5 sec.
i.e. to triple the maximum height, ball should be thrown
74. (c) Net acceleration of a body when thrown upward
with velocity 3 u.
= acceleration of body – acceleration due to gravity
=a–g 81. (a)

43
 5. (b) The area under acceleration time graph gives change in
Critical Thinking Questions velocity. As acceleration is zero at the end of 11 sec
a
1. (a) If t 1 and 2t 2 are the time taken by particle to cover first i.e. vmax  Area of OAB
and second half distance respectively. 1 10 m/s2 B
x/2 x   11  10  55 m / s
t1   …(i) 2
3 6
x 1  4.5 t 2 and x 2  7.5 t 2 O A
t
x x 11 sec.
So, x 1  x 2   4.5t 2  7.5t 2 
2 2
6. (d) Let the car accelerate at rate  for time t1 then
x
t2  …(ii) maximum velocity attained, v  0  t 1  t 1
24
x x x Now, the car decelerates at a rate  for time (t  t 1 )
Total time t  t1  2t 2  
6 12 4 and finally comes to rest. Then,
So, average speed  4 m / sec . 0  v   (t  t 1 )  0  t 1  t  t 1
dv bt 2 
2. (c)  bt  dv  bt dt  v   K1  t1  t
dt 2 
At t  0, v  v0  K1  v0 
 v t
1
We get v  bt 2  v0 
2 7. (c) If a stone is dropped from height h
dx 1 2 1 bt 2 1
Again  bt  v0  x   v0 t  K 2 then h  g t 2 …(i)
dt 2 2 3 2
At t  0, x  0  K 2  0 If a stone is thrown upward with velocity u then
1 3 1
x bt  v 0 t h  u t1  g t12 …(ii)
6 2
dv dv If a stone is thrown downward with velocity u then
3. (a,b,d)  6  3v   dt
dt 6  3v 1
h  ut 2  gt 22 …(iii)
dv 2
Integrating both sides,
 6  3v   dt From (i) (ii) and (iii) we get
log e (6  3v) 1 1
 ut1  g t12  g t 2
  t  K1 …(iv)
3 2 2
 log e (6  3v)  3t  K 2 …(i) 1 2 1 2
ut 2  g t2  g t …(v)
2 2
At t  0, v  0  log e 6  K 2
Dividing (iv) and (v) we get
Substituting the value of K 2 in equation (i) 1 2 2
g(t  t1 )
 ut1
log e (6  3v)  3t  log e 6   2
ut 2 1 2 2
g(t  t 2 )
 6  3v  6  3v 2
 log e    3 t  e  3 t 
 6  6 t1 t 2  t12
or  
 6  3v  6e 3 t  3v  6(1  e 3 t ) t 2 t 2  t 22

 v  2(1  e 3 t ) By solving t  t1 t 2

 vtrminal  2 m / s (When t   ) 8. (c) Since direction of v is opposite to the direction of g and

h so from equation of motion
Acceleration a 
dv d

dt dt
 
2 1  e  3 t  6e  3 t 1
h  vt  gt 2
2
Initial acceleration = 6 m / s 2 .
 gt 2  2vt  2h  0
4. (a,d) The body starts from rest at x  0 and then again
comes to rest at x  1 . It means initially acceleration is 2v  4v 2  8 gh
t
positive and then negative. 2g
So we can conclude that  can not remains positive for v  2gh 
all t in the interval 0  t  1 i.e.  must change sign t 1  1  2 
during the motion.
g  v 

44
 1 2 1 3. (d) In the positive region the velocity decreases linearly
9. (c) h  ut 
gt  1  0  t 1  gt 12  t1  2 / g
2 2 (during rise) and in the negative region velocity
Velocity after travelling 1m distance increases linearly (during fall) and the direction is
opposite to each other during rise and fall, hence fall is
v 2  u 2  2gh  v 2  (0) 2  2g  1  v  2 g shown in the negative region.
For second 1 meter distance 4. (b) Region OA shows that graph bending toward time axis
1 i.e. acceleration is negative.
1  2g  t 2  gt 22  gt 22  2 2 g t 2  2  0 Region AB shows that graph is parallel to time axis i.e.
2
velocity is zero. Hence acceleration is zero.
 2 2g  8 g  8 g  22 Region BC shows that graph is bending towards
t2  
2g g displacement axis i.e. acceleration is positive.
Region CD shows that graph having constant slope i.e.
Taking +ve sign t 2  (2  2 ) / g velocity is constant. Hence acceleration is zero.
5. (d) Maximum acceleration means maximum change in
t1 2/ g 1
   and so on. velocity in minimum time interval.
t 2 (2  2 ) / g 2 1 In time interval t  30 to t  40 sec
10. (d) Interval of ball throw = 2 sec. v 80  20 60
a    6 cm / sec 2
If we want that minimum three (more than two) ball t 40  30 10
remain in air then time of flight of first ball must be
6. (c) In part cd displacement-time graph shows constant
greater than 4 sec.
slope i.e. velocity is constant. It means no acceleration
T  4 sec or no force is acting on the body.
2u 7. (d) Up to time t1 slope of the graph is constant and after
 4 sec  u  19.6 m / s
g t1 slope is zero i.e. the body travel with constant speed
for u =19.6. First ball will just strike the ground(in sky) up to time t1 and then stops.
Second ball will be at highest point (in sky) 1
8. (c) Area of trapezium   3.6  (12  8)  36.0 m
Third ball will be at point of projection or at ground (not 2
in sky) 9. (a) Displacement = Summation of all the area with sign
11. (a) The distance covered by the ball during the last t  ( A1 )  ( A2 )  ( A3 )  (2  4)  (2  2)  (2  2)
seconds of its upward motion = Distance covered by it
in first t seconds of its downward motion 5
1 4
From h  ut  g t 2 3
2 2 A1
V(m/s)

1 A3
1
h  g t2 [As u = 0 for it downward motion] 0
2 1 2 4 6
A2
12. (c) 2
t(sec)
3
Graphical Questions  Displacement = 8 m
Distance =Summation of all the areas without sign
1. (b) Distance = Area under v – t graph  A1  A2  A3  A4
| A1 | |  A2 |  | A3 | | 8 | | 4 |  | 4 | = 8  4  4
 Distance = 16 m.
30 10. (b) Between time interval 20 sec to 40 sec, there is non-
Velocity (m/s)

20
zero acceleration and retardation. Hence distance
travelled during this interval
10 A2 = Area between time interval 20 sec to 40 sec
A1 A3 A4
0 1
1 2 3 4 =  20  3  20  1 = 30 + 20 = 50 m.
Time (Second) 2
11. (c)
1 1
  1  20  (20  1)  (20  10)  1  (10  1) 1
2 2 (S)(last 2 s)  2  10
2 1
12. (b)  
 10  20  15  10  55 m (S)7 s 1 1 4
 2  10  2  10   2  10
2 2
2. (a) The slope of displacement-time graph goes on
13. (a) Distance = Area covered between graph and
decreasing, it means the velocity is decreasing i.e. It's
motion is retarded and finally slope becomes zero i.e. 1
displacement axis  (30  10)10  200 meter .
particle stops. 2

45
14. (d) Because acceleration due to gravity is constant so the By differentiating with respect to time we get
slope of line will be constant i.e. velocity time curve for dv dx
 m  mv
a body projected vertically upwards is straight line. dt dt
15. (d) Slope of displacement time graph is negative only at Now substituting the value of v from eq. (i) we get
point E. dv
 m[mx  v0 ]  m2 x  mv0  a  m2 x  mv0
16. (c) v 2  u 2  2aS , If u  0 then v 2  S dt
i.e. the graph between a and x should have positive slope
i.e. graph should be parabola symmetric to
but negative intercept on a-axis. So graph (a) is correct.
displacement axis.
28. (c) From given a  t graph it is clear that acceleration is
17. (a) This graph shows uniform motion because line having a
increasing at constant rate
constant slope.
da
18. (a) For the given condition initial height h  d and velocity   k (constant)  a  kt (by integration)
dt
of the ball is zero. When the ball moves downward its
velocity increases and it will be maximum when the ball dv
  kt  dv  ktdt
hits the ground & just after the collision it becomes half dt
and in opposite direction. As the ball moves upward its
kt 2
velocity again decreases and becomes zero at height
d / 2 . This explanation match with graph (A).

 dv  k  tdt  v  2
i.e. v is dependent on time parabolically and parabola is
19. (a) We know that the velocity of body is given by the slope
symmetric about v-axis.
of displacement – time graph. So it is clear that initially
slope of the graph is positive and after some time it and suddenly acceleration becomes zero. i.e. velocity
becomes zero (corresponding to the peak of graph) and becomes constant.
then it will becomes negative. Hence (c) is most probable graph.
20. (b) Maximum acceleration will be represented by CD part 29. (c) In first instant you will apply   tan  and say,
of the graph 1
  tan 30o  m/s.
dv (60  20) 3
Acceleration    160 km / h 2
dt 0.25 But it is wrong because formula   tan  is valid
21. (d) when angle is measured with time axis.
22. (c) For upward motion Here angle is taken from displacement axis. So angle
from time axis  90  30  60
o o o
Effective acceleration  (g  a)
and for downward motion Now   tan 60o  3
Effective acceleration  (g  a) 30. (a) Since total displacement is zero, hence average velocity
is also zero.
But both are constants. So the slope of speed-time
graph will be constant. Assertion and Reason
23. (a) Since slope of graph remains constant for velocity-time
graph. 1. (a) When body going vertically upwards, reaches at the
24. (b) Other graph shows more than one velocity of the highest point, then it is momentarily at rest and it then
particle at single instant of time which is not practically reverses its direction. At the highest point of motion, its
velocity is zero but its acceleration is equal to
possible.
acceleration due to gravity.
25. (a) Slope of velocity-time graph measures acceleration. For
2. (a) As motion is governed by force of gravity and
graph (a) slope is zero. Hence a  0 i.e. motion is
acceleration due to gravity (g) is independent of mass of
uniform.
object.
26. (c) From acceleration time graph, acceleration is constant
3. (a) As distance being a scalar quantity is always positive
for first part of motion so, for this part velocity of body but displacement being a vector may be positive, zero
increases uniformly with time and as a = 0 then the
and negative depending on situation.
velocity becomes constant. Then again increased
4. (a) As displacement is either smaller or equal to distance
because of constant acceleration.
but never be greater than distance.
27. (a) Given line have positive intercept but negative slope.
5. (a) Since velocity is a vector quantity, hence as its direction
So its equation can be written as
changes keeping magnitude constant, velocity is said to
v0 be changed. But for constant speed in equal time
v  mx  v0 …..(i) [where m  tan   ]
x0 interval distance travelled should be equal.

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6. (d) Speed can never be negative because it is a scalar 21. (b) When two bodies are moving in opposite direction,
quantity. relative velocity between them is equal to sum of the
7. (c) Negative slope of position time graph represents that velocity of bodies. But if the bodies are moving in same
the body is moving towards the negative direction and direction their relative velocity is equal to difference in
if the slope of the graph decrease with time then it velocity of the bodies.
represents the decrease in speed i.e. retardation in 22. (d) The displacement of a body moving in straight line is
motion. 1
given by, s  ut  at 2 . This is a equation of a
8. (b) A body having positive acceleration can be associated 2
with slowing down, as time rate of change of velocity parabola, not straight line. Therefore the displacement-
decreases, but velocity increases with time, from graph time graph is a parabola. The displacement time graph
it is clear that slope with time axis decreases, but will be straight line, if acceleration of body is zero or
velocity increases with time. body moving with uniform velocity.
9. (b) A body having negative acceleration can be associated 23. (c) In uniform motion the object moves with uniform
with a speeding up, if object moves along negative velocity, the magnitude of its velocity at different instant
X-direction with increasing speed. i.e. at t = 0, t = 1sec, t = 2sec,.... will always be
10. (e) It is not necessary that an object moving under uniform constant. Thus velocity-time graph for an object in
acceleration have straight path. eg. projectile motion. uniform motion along a straight path is a straight line
11. (a) Motion of rocket is based on action reaction parallel to time axis.
phenomena and is governed by rate of fuel burning 24. (e) The uniform motion of a body means that the body is
causing the change in momentum of ejected gas. moving with constant velocity, but if the direction of
12. (a) When a body moves on a straight path in one direction motion is changing (such as in uniform circular motion),
value of distance & displacement remains same so that its velocity changes and thus acceleration is produced in
average speed equals the average velocity for a given uniform motion.
time interval. 25. (e) When a body falling freely, only gravitational force acts
13. (a) Position-time graph for a stationary object is a straight on it in vertically downward direction. Due to this
line parallel to time axis showing that no change in downward acceleration the velocity of a body increases
position with time. and will be maximum when the body touches the
14. (a) Since slope of displacement-time graph measures ground.
velocity of an object. 26. (a) According to definition,displacement = velocity  time
15. (e) For distance-time graph, a straight line inclined to time Since displacement is a vector quantity so its value is
axis measures uniform speed for which acceleration is equal to the vector sum of the area under velocity-time
graph.
zero and for uniformly accelerated motion S  t 2 .
16. (e) As per definition, acceleration is the rate of change of 27. (e) If the position-time graph of a body moving uniformly
 in a straight line parallel to position axis, it means that
 dv
velocity, i.e. a  . the position of body is changing at constant time. The
dt
  statement is abrupt and shows that the velocity of body
If velocity is constant dv / dt  0,  a  0. is infinite.
Therefore, if a body has constant velocity it cannot have 28. (b) Average speed = Total distance /Total time
non zero acceleration.
v1  v2  v3  ......
17. (a) A body has no relative motion with respect to itself. Time average speed 
n
Hence if a frame of reference of the body is fixed, then
the body will be always at relative rest in this frame of 29. (c) An object is said to be in uniform motion if it undergoes
reference. equal displacement in equal intervals of time.
18. (c) The displacement is the shortest distance between initial s1  s 2  s3  ... s  s  s  ... ns s
 vav    
and final position. When final position of a body t1  t 2  t 3  ... t  t  t  ... nt t
coincides with its initial position, displacement is zero,
but the distance travelled is not zero. s
and vins  .
t
19. (d) Equation of motion can be applied if the acceleration is
in opposite direction to that of velocity and uniform Thus, in uniform motion average and instantaneous
motion mean the acceleration is zero. velocities have same value and body moves with
20. (e) As velocity is a vector quantity, its value changes with constant velocity.
change in direction. Therefore when a bus takes a turn
from north to east its velocity will also change.

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