CONTENTS
Introduction
NB-IoT
NB-IoT-Based network architecture for smart hospital
Case study :Injection monitoring system
Detailed design of the injection monitoring system
Results
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Challenges
Applications
Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
Rapid development of mobile Internet and wearable devices , the
health monitoring has shown an intelligent trend in recent years
Introduction of intelligent devices to hospitals can save the
operation cost and reduce the labor intensity of medical staff
Communication protocol is the main limitation
Introducing narrow band IoT to the smart hospital
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Using NB IoT in medical application, the latency is the main
challenge
Introduce edge computing to eliminate latency
As a case study, designing an infusion monitoring device based on
the infrared sensor and NB-IoT
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NB-IoT-BASED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Fig 1: Proposed Architecture for Connecting Intelligent Terminals in Smart 7
Hospital
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MAIN FUNCTION AND MECHANISM OF
EACH LAYER
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SENSING LAYER
Large number of terminal devices integrated with NB-IoT modules.
These devices have the functions of data collection and processing.
Control of power consumption and data privacy is very important.
For data privacy and security, the sensing layer requires security
mechanisms like
Access authentication
Data check mechanism
Data encryption
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Dept of ECE
BASE STATION LAYER
Large number of NB-IoT BSs are deployed
Need to plan a transmission path according to data requirement
Sending a large number of data may leads to traffic congestion
and data loss
Identity authentication and intrusion detection can be used to
guarantee data security in the BS layer.
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Dept of ECE
EDGE COMPUTING LAYER
NB-IoT BS can connect up to 50 000 devices
Introduction edge computing server can reduce the latency and
accomplish the real-time data processing
Benefits of introducing edge computing to the proposed architecture
Relatively close to the terminals
Can increase the reliability of the systems.
Reduce the energy consumption of terminal devices
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CLOUD COMPUTING LAYER
Uses big data analysis, machine learning, and data fusion
techniques to conduct comprehensive data processing of the
entire system
Access control, security audit, and data backup are also
introduced to ensure the data security
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INJECTION MONITORING SYSTEM
As a case study , designing an injection monitoring devices using
the infrared sensor and NB-IoT
Monitoring system includes three parts:
Monitoring terminal
Initialization unit
Monitoring platform
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DETAILED DESIGN OF THE INJECTION
MONITORING SYSTEM
Fig 2: Block Diagram of the Module of Counting Drops in the Infusion Monitoring
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terminal
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MONITORING TERMINAL
Module contains an infrared emission tube and a infrared
receiver
Interference of light shining is the main challenges
If signal is not blocked by the droplet , The receiver produce a
high voltage signal
If the signal is blocked by a droplet, the receiver will produce a
low voltage signal
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MONITORING PLATFORM
Main function of the monitoring platform is to calculate the drop
rate and the remaining drug volume
M- Initial total volume of drug
Nt - Total number of drops in t th packet
C- Drop coefficient
Drop rate S = (Nt – Nt−1)/20 …… (1)
Residual amount of the drug m = M – Nt/C ..…..(2)
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Detection and repairing of faulty data transmitted from the
monitoring terminal
For each Nt
the probability p of |(Nt –Nt-1)−H|
If Nt is diagnosed as a fault then repair as Nt-1 + H
Estimation of drop coefficient
drop coefficient of the infusion device
Cn = Dn/In ……(3)
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Dn -Total number of drops of the nth bottle
In - Infusion drug volume
Data stored in the monitering terminal of cloud computing layer
Hospital staff can moniter the infusion constantly
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RESULT
To verify the performance of our infusion monitoring system, we
conduct two experiments
Performance of the monitoring terminal with strong light
interference
Calculation of the remaining drug volume in the bottle
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Performance with light interference
Fig 3. Waveform of the monitoring terminal with strong light interference
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Calculating accuracy of the remaining drug volume
Fig 4.5: Deviation between the Calculated and Actual Remaining Volume
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CHALLENGES
ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF DATA
Current sensor techniques cannot achieve medical standards
SECURITY AND PRIVACY
Rich interfaces and large amounts of valuable data will attract
attackers
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION INTERFERNCE
Intelligent devices cannot exclude the interference of external
factor
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ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF TERMINALS
Due to the limited size, low battery capacity, and inability to
replace the battery or charge
PROTOCAL LIMITATION OF NB-IoT
NB-IoT lacks the latency control mechanism in its protocol
design
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APPLICATION
Fig 5: Illustrasion of the Application Scenario for Smart Hospital 24
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INTELLIGENT PARKING
Parking spaces in hospitals can be controlled by smart locks.
ACCESS CONTROL
Some important departments of hospitals need to install
access control systems
WARD CARE
Patient’s real-time physiological sign and environmental
information can sent to the hospital staff
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TELEMEDICINE MONITORING
Discharged patients need to be monitored at home
OUTDOOR POSTURE RECOGNITION
patient’s body and motion posture can be identified to know
whether a dangerous pose has occurred
OTHER APPLICATION
Intelligent meter for collecting traditional electricity and water
meters
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CONCLUSION
Existence non unified architecture that can connect all intelligent
things in smart hospitals
Overviewed the proposed architecture using NB-IoT in smart
hospital
Designed an infusion monitoring system by using NB IoT and
infrared sensor
Finally overviewed the challenges and application scenarios in
building a smart hospital with NB-IoT
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