5 5 5 wi = Engineering Mathematics-2 ae , Complex Variable : Differentiation Lec-1 Today’s Target » Complex Variable and function of Complex Variable > Limit > Continuity » Differentiability > PYQs > DPP Sa oS B.Tech : 2"4 Semester 2 COMBO PACK Mee Reta tic Total : 2196I g | Complex Number /Complex variable (i) Cartesian Form , .<* st iota F & ee ; Tmaginay Neely av \ Real part 1 ™*4qMey where i=V-1 pawt Note — x and y are real variables. Reah Aris Modules of Complex number lzl= Vx? + y?. I GF (iy) Polar Form x=1 cos8 y=r sind [e+ y? |z|=r=OP- r z=rcos0+irsin@ z=r(cos0 +i sind) 2 2 Yue en + = snot Argument or Amplitude of z (arg z or amp z) thot =F (swroxeso) @ = tan !* “ xSF (iil) Exponential Form wi = Cosotlsing z=1(cos0 +i sin) c ae eet 2) = Important Points = > 7 wa) tag = I= l2l =v 84g) = - -1 (iii) \z| = \2| -l eel (iv) |zP2=2% =xtiy B= wry 4 =x-iy BS Ay wy brety) ==) Z is a conjugate of complex number Z = hurl pero . =—\t Note — In function of complex variable, complex number is used as a complex variable. Functions of Complex variable The function We f(z) =u+iv Or W = f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x,y) is called a function of complex variable where - Uand vare real and imaginary part of f(z) - z=x+iyEx-|f(z) =z? $e) = beri)” A 2 = 2x wy) +2 4 = ll N . pte dt ale u Vv Ae) = wlny) +g) gS ees go Limit of a function of complex variable If f(z) be a function of complex variable z , then the limit l of f (z) at point zy exist if and only if tim 7) = 1 L must be unique/finite/same value along any path as z — Zpdim f(a) = a Z approaches to Zy along infinite path (Straight or curve) Example Z— Zo along any Arbitrary path y (a) Along X — axis (y = 0) (b) Along Y — axis (x = 0) (c) Along y = mx (d) Along y= x™ (e) Alongx = y™ Note: Sy (a) Limit Exist if Lim f(z) = L (L must be unique/finite/same value along any path as z ~ zo) (b) Limit does not exist if lim f (2) (gives two different values along two different path)naa dom fle) = dom (2th) bon (ae) . 240 yo lo “4 b30 ly Let 4(z) )=(2) } = din 4@) = tora (ES) la Kae (4-0) Pee cad 160) ~ ile i bon 4eP= Jem (26) = ra) yn Ae) = farm tg) zo 270 pe NIE ty] = | Alony y= =0 ON 1 ling, Yas O= 8) fp ct ete) doef he : Ana he) = = eT Tow i Hea Wo fins fo) = bes es so | |-im 26 De a =/l+im (ew Sinu Lumit io hot unigpe Hen Limit dor not eRgo ee ae) & Continuity of a function of complex Variable (fab a function of complex variable z , then f(z) is said be continuous at point (of ‘and only if limf (z) =U (Exist) AF Fe) (Defined _AF lim f@) = f20) Q.2— Show that z. Z is continuous at rs . . Sw ferazz Along Y= 44 ans (n=0/ Bs _ Lam fe) = him (04) =f = bien 9° =o Lim 42) = bh = ° Ea co co / _ hina (ney (ey) Along Xxels | (y=0) yee lin ff) = Lim (4+ 0)=Lom f= 0 Za wd we haende) = dm O43} ) Alona ater 290 ae re Jin = tm ee) = Lekorr) = 0 Ad Zo WOLimit fs Independant f barn} Also bn fed = 40) ZO fun fe) ta onus 230 4@) — 2.12 All Ke Boaitran f Conhnuthy ave (fe) = 8 e Satidtied ae Henk ; he) =2.z Ps Conhnowrs at onan] ye" didn [@ fg _—iflerentibity Differentiability of a function of complex variable If f (2) be a function of of complex variable z , then it is said to be differentiable at point Zp if and only if ” a £@)-f (20) F' @o) lim Z-% f' (Zo) must be unique | finite | single valued along every possible path as z > zo Note (1) Differentiable function at any point are always continuous at that point (2) Continuous function at any point may or may not be differentiableQ.3- Show that ae complex variable function f(z) = |z|? is differentiable at origin. a a) tele ot oe) =| ae cri ) 70 ft) =i det) | Along y= am {'c) Vo unique along al) porsible {! (0) = din tein) palh nao (rem) Hn $@) hovabffombable af onyn = him SO) mae Fn) = hm tt) W4d | +i — ©a Engineering Mathematics -1!_ by Gulshan Sir DPP-1 [Unit-4] Limit, Continuity, Differentiability Q.1 Find the limit z|z| if exists. Q.2 Prove that f(z) = |z|? is continuous at z = 0 Q3 Check the dif ferentiability of z Helpline No. 7455 9612 84 Engineering Mathematics-2 Complex Variable : |Differentiation Lec-2 Today’s Target > > > Cauchy —Riemann equations (or C-R Equations) in cartesian form PYQs DPP IEngineering Mathematics go » |Functions of complex variable > |Limit, Continuity and differentiability > Analytic functions ~~ > Cauchy- Riemann equations (Cartesian and Polar form), Harmonic function > Method to find Analytic functions > Milne’s Thompson Method, Conformal mapping > Mobius transformation and their properties. _—iflerentibity go Differentiability of a function of complex variable If 9() bea function of complex varioble x then (2 said to baydiitcendicble if and only if " elim LEtDS@. Aa Pep =pmeergie jr be =A Limit exist and independent of path Differentiability of f(z) at z =z) f' (2) slim L2=La0) z20 t-%9Analytic Function/Regular Function/Holomorphic Function/Monogenic Function A function w = f(z) is said to be analytic at point z = zo if it is single valued and differentiable not only at/z,) but at every point of some neighborhood of Zo . = e Note — (1) Analytic function is always differentiable and continuous but converse is not always true. (2) The point at which function is not differentiable is called a singular point of the function . — Partial Derivative of f(x,y 7 FL Lath y)-f%y) =m Recnapasen i) WD = pig LE2*W-LEY) ay kao kNecessary condition for f(z) to be analytic The necessary condition for a function f(z) = u + iv to be analytic at all point in region R are a We- 5 Cauchy -Riemann equations (OR C-R equations) a a dv av (i) = Provided , at a Let f(@) =utiv is an aed fae Aunuhon Heys iv.) Zantly Az = = andy G Ge f(z 40z) = ulntran, yroy) + iv(nean gray) fle) = hm $2462) ~ 4) zo je {'e) = lim uletan, yey) tiv(uran , By ) Ce ans lay te) = be Bz >0| on+T my {ty = bm U(ntdrg y+ oy) ul wluy BA6 bee Ame Loy Teg) J oonran aro) wi) F i{ve wean ty )> antl 1) tan v bert ey NU a) Awe iMy, g aya Alona, X- arts (A4=0) Lo LE fe= they CHAM, 9) — HD] tam v(m tam, 7) — VOU) anao~ OC DMSC«dCC a A\t'e) = | Algny ¥ ~an’s (*=0) : ‘ey = im wl 9t 24) WOM) 1 yin ver grag) woud) ek 7 ay | ‘i ay SUE ig ee 8 Nea We RY Htnr a Sua ow |v Ye aA %y m |< vane provedSufficient condition for f(z) to be analytic ou O55, ou _ av Lie iy =, ee =, & are continuous function of x and y in a region R. Remember (1) C—R conditions are necessary but not sufficient for analytic function (2) C—R conditions are sufficient if the partial derivatives are continuous. fe)= =a flee) ea Note : When a function(f(z)is known to be analytic , it can be differentiated in the ordinary way as if z is areal variable Some important formulae (1) sinhx= (2) coshx = £*#™ wee “ (3) sinx = => @ csx= (5) sinh ix =isinx (6) coshix =cosx (7) sinix=isinhx (8) cosix=coshxva © Sinh (wy) a © cyshluty)= Cosh coahy + sinh. snhy Sinhn uashy + coshy sinh Q.1 Using ay —Riemann equations show that f(z) = z3 is analytic in the entire. zplane. 4@) = aa fe) = bry) $e) = wt 3u(ty)+3mly) + Cy) =w4 phy t —3ny ty” te = yoy 4 iva), Here Us woo ve yy ae) Pa] Bus ese eens =) aS 1 GN w= wy” -W a Exvom 0 @ and)g Hen a cae fg) ts an analyhc funuion From © and @ Thuy CR ave sau sfied and All parva dena Ar Uno) Q.2 Show that the function| f@2) = ec (cosy + Using) du = — c" siny _@| fom © ind® i f $e) = ¢ “cay + i etsing yy y on Ro _ aw - yoo @ Bee ey € y A Herve ; = AWay —O | Ths j i CR emrahons are Exya@® and adicd and alt i a fh ) wae | 4 = WN bovtva devvativ AYE anhnOUSg Hine, z 4@) [aan Anal c funtion fle) Ve We Know Hat {'@) E—arOUitee I on ™m = esytic siny Hi 4 \ M i wnyp) = &\(Uny +t SUP) nw ly eee Q.3 Prove that the function Sinz/is analytic and find its derivative. (A.K.T.U.2017) 4) = Sinz M4 = (am eshy, — fel = sintatcy) wa {(z) = sinn Cosy + (osm Sinty dM sin Sinn —O ) 4 ry, fe) = sin coshy + 1 (05% sinhy y= ~ sin sinhy cares) mw ¢ - Htr¢ 4 = Sennen = win why, —Q) Ss t v Vy = (om SV 4Beam ond® | portal devivahvy ave continows 4“ = Henk a) 4) Fyvom © 4nd@ i gan analy ti yunurion Win) = QU gf dv (2) = 4 4 2 Qu = -w | H mM uy ba fel soeosneahy — sinr snhy_ Th [Se = Co COSLY — stn SINC CR eyputions aye (Nk) = Cos (Wt Ly) Sahisticd and tN eens a G Q.4 Prove that the function sinh z is analytic and find its derivative. (A.K.T.U.2017) f@l= smh] 4 = ahyiny —@ ” dz) = sinh(n+é = fie) = sinh(neey) du Cauchy -Riemann equations (or C-R Equations) in Polar form » PYQs > DPP Necessary condition for f(z) to be analytic aw The necessary condition for a function f(z) = u + iv to be analytic at all point in region R are i» Oia iay Cauchy -Riemann equations (OR C-R equations) ou te au au oe ow wy 2-2 Provided “=, “*, , 5 exist Sufficient condition for f(z) to be analytic (i) C-Requation are satisfied Qu du av av (i) Fe, , 3, S are continuous function of x and y in a region R. Remember (1) C—R conditions are necessary but not sufficient for analytic function (2) C—R conditions are sufficient if the partial derivatives are continuous.Necessary condition for f(z) to be analytic Let (r,@)be the polar coordinates of the point whose cartesian coordinates are (x,y) then - ou on * +00 Cauchy -Riemannequations (or C-R Equations) _, av _ lau in Polar form () or =F a0 We utiv 2 De, Wa wt Sufficient condition for f(z) tobe analytic | .y- hé 2) 1 a (i) C-Requations are satisfied Qu du av av ve dw (i) =, 30° ar’ 3 are continuous function of x andy ina region Rand =~ exist. Nea? | dw ow he= Ge = (£080 — tsind) = ow aa Show that f(z)= log z is analytic everywhere in the complex plane except at aw ~—~the origin and that its derivative is (2). == ° LiME1 NG fe) = howz. fe) = 40g (yess + Lung) Dee fel= hoy (ury) = fog ¥(cose HAND) g ful w= ¥ = Loy ve’ oe = Len 7 Rog - Loyy +6 hogs ——o . + +L xten = hog J wey iey a bane g ye + Con ey are a S je % y) ma era fy=tintend etme [Pp : ne Eye Uy =Plog (#9) yen a * ‘NE ere = = . a ou (1 ye mm Ey te y aa wg) ze oer _ Ww. ¥K ety moe SFO | ak ay aS ye 4) & Wwe eek From @ and @ rp try =o a a aa jy 2- then WV 4 a) a a n=0,4=0 yee Hen, JE) ts anabyfre T4 vy 0 7 “ avon ius excepe at 4 are Sah sf iu ee nen From © and & ve bape O in qt ! ) wy ew Ale ah barh MN “t HY vahver aYe Conn ow) PMD = wWyi fer HE,@ey = @ + ib)(a-th) fie) = + lav h mK ' = {e) =e fe) mrey : nae eye | — {'e) = ely ee = Q.2 Find p such that the function f(z) expressed in polar coordinates as wi f(z) =r*cos26 + ir*sinpé is analytic. me 42) = xruszo + Lvsinpe WwW = pies —O© MCG) P a eStelaicn | \ieavasiipe) | me ' pees 'P? | Foy JEP to be analytic BL = W326 O | WE LY (hve) nae) =o) 97 use = PY~ SPB 26 ve | / Qv = 2y sinp& Continuity, Differentiability and Analyticity at(o origin) » PYQs > DPP 7go ees go Limit of a function of complex variable If f (2) be a function of complex variable z , then the limit | of f (z) at point Zo exist if and only if lim f(z) =L 220 = ZX LU must be unique and independent of path as z > Zo Ls” Z > Zo along any Arbitrary path ‘s Along X — axis (y = 0) (b) Along Y — axis (x = 0) (c) Along y = mx \ (@) Along y =x" \ fe) Along x = y™ Continuity of a function of complex Variable If f(z) be a function of complex variable z , then f(z) is said be continuous at point Zo if and only if tm f(z) =U (Exist) . (2) f (Zo) (Defined) Z ~ Zg along any Arbitrary path (a) Along X — axis (y = 0) (b) Along ¥ — axis (x = 0) £0) lim f@) =f @0) Aes cw) (d) Along y = x™ (e) Along x = y™Differentiability of a function of complex variable If f(z) be a function of complex variable z , then it is said to be differentiable : . £(@+82)-f@) foe Limit exist and independent of path Differentiability of f(z) at z =z) Z > Zo along any Arbitrary path (a) Along X — axis (y = 0) (b) Along ¥ — axis (x = 0) (c) Along y = mx (e) Along x = y™ Cauchy —Riemann equations (OR C-R equations) I Partial Derivative of f (x, y) @) === ax * ay (a) tty Leth Y=AED, ae hee * au _ av ay =-— a= 0,4 =0 (®) 3 atm (ENED At origin (0,0) Qu _p; 7, u(O+h, 0)-u(0, 0) Qv _pjp, VO+h, 0)-v(0, 0) ” ax “him h (i) ag hin a ti) ee =lim sonst) 9) (wv) 0 2 =lim v(0,0+k)-v(0,0) ay ko kQ.1 Show that the function defined by f(z) = ,/|xy| is not regular at the origin, a 1 08 k 6 wohm 0-2 =o re Kk From 0,0, and y= wy = 2 = Henk CR eration Pare Salt sid = bm 4ei- $6) zo | 4!) = Sy Tiny — © Ve fern Gt ly) fie) Lira lind perma) Alon haan © although Cauchy-Riemann equations are satisfied there. (A.K1.U.2017) $@) = Jiny! Mu -o —hD ea “ oo wy. = i wos ets) tle) u=Py V=0 y re = 2%» -fim O-F = O wt = Lin ulorhs »)—4(0,0) | he = fim O- O JH ho h a, kA0C*k =m 0-9 |) ®w Jen Were) AG =e @ “Te Shes ay W —hm O-2 = 9 —O WW a Ww = bn v(o, ot) = Vl010) Diffeventrability aC (0)0) aae {ei = Jing ST H>6 mein , 4@) isnot diferonhable of origin wi ler — {e ts not @ltlatre af ovi4in ~ wo (iri) Limi ts nat uniyye and Depend on patty Hone a 10) dow NKBTNK fztyS(x+ty) Q.2 Show that the function f (z)defined by a a ateylo z#0 is not analytic at \ 0, the origin even though its satisfied C-R equation. } z=0 7 {A.K.T.U.2016,2019,2022] {l= = yt) Qu = bm ueryo)—4l210) _ ob _@© yt yn moO RS!” a” Aut sels ww Addin ulo ork) Uo) _ oO © fer = 2g etal 2 ole wae GTS 4 Jey GB Fam, 0,0 andO Differenhabihy a ovigin (0, 0) dy = & ¥ % dy =-v dy Hen, (- R equatron’ Xe sahsfied 40) {'e) = lm ie flo) Zp = br yep) _ 0 240 wre yld (Se) in wry Sterley oe Bessy {'e) _ xy Wao yy yo wiry i YOO jem {py dow not Cut @ (10) = fem 4 —O] tle a He wiry a7? ae es =u BibNy = me 1p) = Lim ne tim {Ue} = ira ve lon)” JO OCT wt nse ae ° > nao wt +(mu)! (6) o an a Primi fs not UNYpAR and dabend| & we Ubon patty = hm meHen f(z) Vs not dif rennable ee ovlgin — f@) is not analytic od 08pN Q.3 Prove that the function f(z) defined by f@) = FOODS Vand f(0) = 01s continuous and the Cauchy-! -Riemann equations a are satisfied at the origin, yet f'(0) does “not exist. — 303 (A.K.T.U2015, 2017) fic) witty) Pd-l) Ua way" Vy = 2+ $©) = x wy me rye = wg wepyr 4 du — Leet W(oth, 0) —4lo,0) 0 AN esas oa wep | use hm A-& =|] —O MW Wo n RPE S — brn wlo,ors) A009) _ bg = 0 4 + eh ok ko IkGy --| —0 Pm O@OO d yy aw wu yw ae du =v QW = bin V(0th: 0) —V (2,0) a my mM moo! CU!” dv zm h=0 = } Hig C-R equstons ave M hoo A = l==€ Sahsfied We = hon V0.0 UEP} 4 ko KK Ww che kK-98= | % Kd K | 0 B To dk cnhnuity Contnaity At (10) o fe) = wer ler) Lim 4@) slim Coy) rileey) wy 230 ae wy Wn 2 = 0 Sie (oa) HOM) => n+#0, 4#O yo ye cp derva vahonel funchon LA Alon 4 =mn onze ¥d dunner. HAW te) ts conhnpwsenranz +OShim fe) = fom Beton) siloPrain) hon fe) =0 a ZNO wenn 250 chm MER) ] | Limb Bunge and exist of nto DP (rm) Rg n =) A $0) = & line S ong Xanls 0) | bin fer = he) & eee Lum fe)= dm PEO a) yao Ye oe Yen qa ion BOD Jee) tartare ‘Ao MeQ.4 Discuss the analyticity and differentiability of \f(z) = |z\? Prove Diffecnhralot i at OY m (Lec Ua yey mw 214 © fy ‘t w=o0 © ay atz=OandZ +0. C=R petors ave nob Sah fied {@) ts noe ately He Arg dhunsan Engineering Mathematics-i! by Gulshan Sir ow ee DPP-4 [Unit-4] = Continuity , Differentiability and Analyticity at origin 2xy +) 14 Q.1 Show that for the function f(z) = {x2 + y2_'** 0, z=0 the C-R equations are satisfied at origin but derivative of f(z) does not exist at origin. (AKTU-2016) ie y(y — tx) ZL = Ee nen LO Cana G clea ary veka rector 0, 0 but not as z in any manner and also that f(z) is not analytic at z = 0. xe [G.B.T.U.2013,U.K.T.U.2010] han Q.3 Define analytic function. Discuss the analyticity and differentiability of { f(z) = lz|* atz=0. \(GBTU-2012) is Engineering Mathematics-2 ee Complex Variable : Differentiation Lec-5 Today’s Target » Harmonic Function and Harmonic Conjugate Function » PYQs > DPPHarmonic Function Any function f (x, y) is said to be harmonic if it satisfy Laplace equation ef els ax? tani’ Known as Lablaie equation — tiny = 3g Us By ya pa es Gy out ie ay Yu. (™ —W si Q.1 Show that u(x, y) = x3 — 4xy — 3xy? is harmonic. (GBTU-2013) we 4 = 0 — li —6ny ¥y as os Yu_ = 0 —0 4 yy u Santry fre Yu_ o2¢n —© Lablax eqaton yt ~ . uisa Hayrndit CQ.2 Define Harmonic function. Show that the function V = log(x* + y?) +x — 2yis harmonic. (GBTU-2012) v= Aog(’ +4) aca Be eye il =e VE | wn we : jens ae wy wey Yy a rithayt ne Cro yw = —2n re aE Sv = Ixthio My Raye pe eee 1 ee ~ Fe a Wy) x2 Horry) 4 (r)™ = wheaeony aye See an eH) yy Adding O ond © Wo 4 atv G QM 94° 9 oye mR ae = rk reage (Care) — = © = SV abt Lapla Be ce Ease) eyatten 4 =v ty a Hayman Furuno)a Harmonic Conjugate Functions wi If f (z) = u + ivis an analytic function then u and v are harmonic functions. Such functions are called Harmonic Conjugate functions. — 2 2. oO a Yu + 5 a = Note : (i) ube the harmonic conjugaroshy ae ;ul (ii) v be the harmonic conjugate of u a SN Method to find the Conjugate Function wg y —L Mian +f) ay \ dy] “ ()44 Case-1: |If wis given Kad, / Jha an Goxaut Diffrunhal equahor V = Vv(%, 4) ) ) Vad tidy [2M = IN yAvad Madan +N 4 5 4 v = ayes [R) Leaving, corytanny Wwa Case-2: If vis given a a= [ea +f ua ulm 4) Y = Constont: naaee _ w (On Ruining dy = dn ee d R eqyntrom a & dy ae 2x) Seis an erat difteansed equation Q.3 Show that the following function u(x, y) = x* — 6x*y? + y¥is harmonic. gy “=~ Also find the conjugate function. Pan +0 ee) ees = vile Gye y! YN Beek a nfh ydeng ie _ > = tn rag + 4 ny Yu yo — beng 0 | fy = 1Ooh y= 6 -nyt uu Sabet Laplace yy Ly Harmon \nctton,B yeulny) dy = MM dat tud 4 ea mM 4 By using C-R comadions _ wv) dyu= fede (F 46) Dk 1b aly @WAUE ait\wantl equahon du = cay dn + Celsiny) Ay Ue [etusy dy e fe-ctang) 4g g = Lenser Leaving te Fer Containing M Us “sy ae jer =utlv =e nyt Chan's se) = e"uny ell sng ) = (toy + Fsin i a fe) = pe arly fe) = ¢ 6 . € = loorlsn Ia Engineering Mathematics -lI_by Gulshan Sir aot DPP-5 [Unit-4] Harmonic Function and Harmonic Conjugate Function [@ 1 Q.1 Show that the function u = = log(x? + y*) isharmonic (U.P.T.U.2015) Q.2 Show that u(x, y) = e~*(x cos y + y sin y) is harmonic and find its conjugate harmonic function. (UPTU-2014) Engineering Mathematics-2 g Complex Variable : Differentiation Lec-6 Today’s Target > | Milne’s Thomson Method (CASE-1.and CASE-2) » PYQs > DPPMilne’s Thomson Method Case — 1 : When only real part u(x, y) is given. Step-I: Find py @, yo Step-Il: Find (xy y= Step-lll : Find q, (z,0) and 2 (z, 0) Step-IV: f(z) is obtained by the formula (2) = Sibr(z, 0) — iz (z, 0)}dz +e “Milne’s Thomson Method is used to directly construct f (z) in terms of z. f(z) ea SP Q.1 verify that given function u(x, y) is harmonic and find its conjugate harmonic 9 function. Express u + iv as an analytic function f(z). (akTu-2016) u(x,y) =x? -y?-y. x Y= wey y adding D ar = iM a 2 - i wo. an ee oe =F ging) = 7% mM = d(z, 0) 2 ee 9 = 85 Be a) pa aes a e AL = =Ay=|) a y Laplatr| Si | a ee nee > € on a les 6) a 044) 4 fy 2 —O ("4 iy a havanpnit Me ‘ Anuar]Cy ae ONC hag -| he eee a By Milne! s omson Method ae fa Serle @) = 0) ener 2 a 4 { (2,0) -? (2,0) [42 +< fee) = ty Pe Mery) 4@) ={@2-icy Jae ape = wi eliy) sng) bel ho = bz st) iS away timmy ric} se) = Lee, igere fe) oy Tee) & ae Vv wi a Conpagat 1 ny, Y= ce Conjr4 << Hay pmini ( functionsin2x Q.2 Determine the analytic function f(z) in terms of z whose real part is cosh 2y + cos 2x osin = Cohn [eee ea he CO cea (ano Faee)™ WU = (Coshgy +0052" 205m — Sinan (0-2 Sku) PaedCO 27a as ((resi2z)* Coshty + (osan ) a QW = gashey coset 206 angEiimrn = nf ez) " (corey + osu (Henze | = shay Use ae - 2 H (ny) = 2osn24 2 al ~ Caney Hays eaiires é Sw = 9G) = = atunzexsinho } Tae - aE dz,0) Pree (2) = o (2) = ©) 6, (2,0) = SeCz By Milne! thomson Method ue= Sinan!) K2sinhay - . Y Gomayr aye {he {1 9/68) “alee tere doy) = omen WME] fer = fed 2 Sd HS (mhry PLarny foamyI Milne’s Thomson Method is used to directly construct f (z) in terms of z. Milne’s Thomson Method Case — 2 : When only imaginary part v(x, y) is given. Step-I : Find|? (x, ye Step-Il : Find On We (x)= Step-lll : Find (z,0) and 2 (z,0) Step-IV: f(z) is obtained by the formula F(z) = f¥1(z,0) + #2(z, 0)}d2+ca Q.3 Find the regular function f(z) in terms of z whose imaginary part is e*(x siny + y cos y) 2015) Ve ef (anny +y w4) We, 2) me ez 46> es = e'[ neosy + y b5n4) + cog] # _ €(siny a 0) ebony ewe o (messy yin 93) Ylnghe'(sing + nary +4104) Terao) ; ; jac ae ‘ ylz 0) ea gyno $25IN0 +0108) BS Wee, 2) Yaa) = ely (2) = E(o +040) é (2,0) =? fea 2é-b rew By using Milnels alec on Method 6) nda = a ze te ger =J 1 Yio) +r yeoyeree] [PE {er= | Ee+e ro)aesr ¢ 4e) = a eae ECa Q.4 Find the analytic function f(z) in terms of z whose imaginary part is (AKTU-2013) =~ ae sinh x cos y. ) V = sinhn way ie = wihu coy tf = —Sinhn siny YOry) = cap cosy Yug) =nsinde ny. | WAC OI teste 0 ye 0) = Sinhz Sind] Lee (2,0) = (osha y(z,0) = © & By I Milnels Hao hom son Method g 4@) = ffhiee +t ylo)fae te fe) = [fo + fushe}de+e \® = J Ccoshz dz i =f sinhe +@g tndnening Matnenais-A by han Se a DPP-6 [Unit-4] ps8 Milne’s Thomson Method (CASE-1 and CASE-2) Q.1 Show that e*cos y is a harmonic function, find the analytic functions of which it is real part. Q.2 Find the regular function f[2)_in terms of zwhose imaginary part is cos x cosh y. I Engineering Mathematics-2 Complex Variable : Differentiation Lec-7 Today’s Target > > > |Milne’s Thomson Method (CASE-3 and CASE-4) PYQs DPPa Milne’s Thomson Method Milne’s Thomson Method is used to directly construct f (z) in terms of z. Case — 1: When uis given. {(z) Bud au Step-1: Find ; (x,y)== au Step-ll Find 2 (x, y)= > Step-lil : Find , (z,0) and 2 (z,0) Step-IV: f(z) is obtained by the formula (2) = S{b1@, 0) — ig2(z, O)} dz +€ I Milne’s Thomson Method Milne’s Thomson Method is used to directly construct f (z) in terms of z. Case — 2: When vis given. av Step-I: Find Y, (x, y)= ay av Step-ll : Find 2 (x, y)= = Step-lll : Find ¥, (z,0) and ¥, (z, 0) Step-IV: f(z) is obtained by the formula f(z) = S&P (z,0) + 12 (2, 0)}dz +c ISi Milne’s Thomson Method a Milne’s Thomson Method is used to directly construct f(z) in terms of z. 7 —— () te) a U Case ~3: When u-—visgiven. if =tu-v —© Step-icletU=u-—v Adding © and® ou fe) tte) = utrivetuev Step-ll : Find y (x, y)= 5 , . au (dio — u-v +T(utv) Step-Il : Find 2 (x, y)= > FR) = uv +l (uty) Step-IV: Find q; (z,0) and > (z, 0) Fey= U+ly Step-V : F(2) = ffs (2, 0) — ga (2,0)} dz +e Step-Vi: Put F(z) = (1 + i) f(z) a Q.11f f(z) = ut ivis an analytic function, find f (z)in terms of z if a . u—v=e* (cosy—siny). (AKTU-2016,2022) f@)=uriv — 0 \heve . , 7 ee URE U V = el(casy —siny ) ife)~lu-v —® Y=u-v a iu yy suty U=2ies) ary ) Adding © and® > ° (ST) prey] > , \ 4e)+t fe —urivetu-v | Fe) =o) fe) aw = (cosy sing ) wwe =o" ri(uty) doa) = e(Uory any) ei ea i z nS dle, 0) = E{ero-s"8) aes)=eO-%)a $,@.0) = = By Mine's Hremson Method a wea emo) Fte) = [1,0 Nal dlere)|d2 re (419) Bc (Shy ty) ve ChE C¢) Jaz +O (2,0) = & (-sm0-(010) ape 2 hee ag a = [UE dete ol, ) =-< = ede dat on Fe) =(+ie =e I F@) = ate +e (+0) fe) = GUE FC fer Wes & eens 7)Q2 = If f(z) =u + ivis ananalytic function, find f (z)in terms of z if (AKTU-2015) eY—cos x+sinx ; a = eee ie fe) =urev Oo esse, when f (%) == Te) =iu-v —@ hy — Adding © and © eee . = 5 hy — (4D $e = 4-v + U(utv) eS Pra ben oat ae ri = Waly SP= Cosh — Us) + Ginhy 9%) Alby 1 ey ate) Usiny — UN y= v8 \y = Wenge 4 SN ETE y = Uty Cb — co oshy- rg era cay — 40 i cle ok ica g U-usz)* W (Coshy - coin )* (Gre) Co nciae = (-sz)* yw Ql >4) = Cosn wshy — wohn— sinhy su sn _ aes (COhy- wom)? (a= Loh — sini bik = | = 7 (op tov) a \—OE Ot esB yeaa [ye = or Gommenley— Curren (cahy—can ) Oy, 9) = Lay —taeg — Sly sre ity (Gathy— wn > [02 6= zine (2,0) = _ gine cos —sinh @ = | =-L (ose Z (CSc oe. o,(84) = | —Losmcodhy ~ Sinvasinhy (ay — sn) > ol 0) Ee eee) Ee eee | ee (Eos) , Fe) = {f dylan ore dl2,0) Jaz + He) ~ Tecs2 t . eee [Coes — ly wsetz )dz +o (2, 0) = Fore 2 Fey SAL (cselg (1+!) de He d) = feneS d(% >) 7 OS Fe) =f U4) | wets dete ewes cee) + DeFle) = (ring Fe (+i) fer = Wijotg re 4) = wts+ G {(4) = Lote coat a Milne’s Thomson Method Milne’s Thomson Method is used to directly construct f (z) in terms of z. I Case 4 :|When u + vis given. Step-l:LetV=u+v Step-ll : Find Py (x, yee Step-lll : Find Pz (x, y)= 2 Step-IV: Find ¥, (z,0) and ¥ (z,0) Step-V : F(z) = [{¥,(z,0) + i¥,(z,0)}dz+c Step-Vi: Put F(z) = (1+ i) f(z)I (Gl Q31f f(z) = u+ ivisan analytic function, find f(2)in terms of z if fe) =utriv —O ut+v=s25) when f(1)=1 fe =tu-v © Veuty = § wy Addiny 0 and@ v=— —® we : Ww (21) REY CO % eH Where ‘ ey = betta Yix,4) =o : w 4 (+i)4{@) = 4-¥ +i (utv) ycuey \ =Utv y(z,o) = =22x? (no) geen 2 oe j Sana Y (2.0) = eee wi ylz,0) = © (2,0) =et- eee ue Cea ye By, BAilnc!s thom son method See I= Neo) + Tyce) \de +e SP] ee=flo eta} ee Fey = (to +t (le +6 ee ' Yla,y) = Wy) = 8© 8 Ang a Engineering Mathematics il by Gulshan Sir ow om DPP-7 [Unit-4] = Milne’s Thomson Method (CASE-3 and CASE-4) Qalfu—v = (x — y)(x* + 4xy + y*) and f(z) = u + ivis an analytic function of z= x + ly find f(z) in terms of z. cos x+sinx-e~Y 2cosx—2coshy Q.2 Mf f(z) = u + ivis an analytic function of z and u— v = f(z) =3[1 —cot3| when f (2) =0. prove that 2sin2x Q2ifut v= Ts -2c0s de and f(z) = u + ivis an analytic function of z =x + iy find f(z) in terms of z.Engineering Mathematics-2 sc Complex Variable : (Conformal Mapping Lec-1 Today’s Target » Linear and Non-Linear Mapping >» PYQs » DPP Mapping OR Transformation a For every point (x,y) in the z — plane, the relation|w = f(z)defines a corresponding point (u,v) in the w— plane .This is known as mapping or transformation of the z— plane into the w — plane. Z- Plane | IW = Plane Y VvEquahon of Cycle G t : @ ney =2 @O * 6) , %) ® 4 @ 7) g 7 Conformal Mapping or conformal transformation Suppose two curves C, and C, in the z-plane intersect at the point P and the corresponding curves C,’ and C,’ in the w-plane intersect at P’ under the transformation w z fiz). t vi z-blone W- blane If the angle of intersection of the curves at P is same as the angle of intersection of the curves at P’ , both in magnitude and sense , then the transformation is said to be conforms| at P.Theorem : iff) is analytid and ane a region R of z-plane, then mapping w = f(z) is conformal at all points of R. = Point : A point which f’(z) = 0 is called critical point of transformation. Lo Coefficient of magnification) : Coefficient of magnification for the conformal transformation w = f(z) at z=« +iB is given by C.0.M = |f'(« +iB)| LL Angle of rotation :|Angle of rotation for the conformal transformation w = f(z)at z= (« +iB) is givenby A.0.R = amp. |f'(« +iB)] a Q.1 For the conformal transformation w = z?, show that the Coefficient of magnification Sw at Z=2+i is 2V5. and Angie * Yotahon ip tant(o-S) =a oe m= [fre | Sllaro i °Si Linear Transformation Some standard transformation : 2 1. Translation : jider the transformation w=ztc where c is a complex constant. Utiv = neta + a+ib ut iv =(w+e)4 t(y+b) u= n+4 Note : (i) Shape and size remain same in z — plane and w — plane. (ii) Position of Figure change Q.2 What is the region of the w-plane into which the rectangular region in the z-plane bounded by the lines x =0,y =0,x = 1and y = 2 is mapped under the transformation w=z+(2-i)? S.No] 2 pleke@ | W-plane wo u=2 2 ac) v ne s we y — 4-1 v 4Salvin Rotation : Consider the transformation w = ze! If 00 > 0 — Rotation Anticlockwise If 00 <0 — Rotation Clockwise Note : (i) Shape and size remain same inz — plane and w — plane. (ii) Figure rotate through an angle 6,Q.3 Consider the transformation w = ze'"/* and determine the region R' w — plane corresponding to the triangular region R bounded by the lines uy x=0,y=O0andx+y=1inz-—plane wHze"l Le. (os +6 SIND us ty = Gey) (oom, Omg) | Ve ees a ci F o utty = b+) (ate THERE i c u=-3 v=4 3 2 Be U4iv eas 3 s se ti Te Samu { "i Nees ~ — Utlv = 2) +t © 4=0 WER) G e @ | w+y =| Hen it figure solute thyvifh , \ n any 4 © an an taMagnification|: Consider the transformation - a w=az where ais real Note: Shape will same in z — plane and w — plane but figure inw plane|altimes the figure inz— plane. — Q.4 Find the image of circle |z| = 2 under the transformation w =32 ao Si (ae Equohion 4 Circle usiv= 3041) | egi ee ee ee / Wee (OF c= t Jere =2 z,3 cenke u=sn 4 a) ¥ = vadius Ti w+ sw nek = shisa cele with y= y Cenly ho 0) w= Radliur = & ¢B fat nandynO Wwive = 34/—®© Spisacivike WIth cone (>, 0) Radio = 6 Q.5 Find the image of the triangle with vertices at i, 1 + i,1 —iinthe z— plane under the transformation w = Wwe 3zt4-2e Utiv = 3nrey) 4-26 U+iv = sme sty anal yay = 6neu) ti Cy) sry <<» Veyhitr If VoD In, S.No) Z— plane Ww- plang o | osteo.) (4, 1) dizi => (It, 1) 7 Qqgiti >U.) | (4,1) 8 eu Se) Ct,z - plane lu- plank a y 1 ad = ot ats) ATC ¥, Z| 0 % 8 x Ur) ¢G5) Non-Linear Transformation] a inversion 2 = iv mee ZB | UtlV ; U-lN eae WELV UW-lVQ.6 Find the image of Iz — 2i| = 2 under the mapping w = + Fev fe-8i]=2 eG USES Was mety ae] = 2 you is — ya 4y>—-4y =O iV oe . : . 4h) = Jes a BR WH 5 de re eof AKTU-2022 | Ve © Tea eye Vv aad ined noe eH) “es 5 YS a te ra Ty UNE =O) a roa ein: v (ut +v') | tv =o urgye ey uv +l =o a ety a ee v=-t UWy| =o : W- pland yo-Lb |Q.7 Find the image of the infinite strip oa Also show the region graphically. __—’ Foy Hs 4 wet - ea Z ye wtv> uray | ubevheuera-4 S © weary 4 (0.2) pL 2 =ye yan under the transformation w = _W= planea <- Engineering Mathematics —lI_by Gulshan Sir ow DPP-8 [Unit-4] = Linear and Non-Linear Mapping Q.1 Find the image of 2x + y — 3 = 0 under the transformation w = z + 2i. Q.2 Consider the transformation w = 2z and determine the region R’ of w-plane into the region R enclosed by the lines x = 0, y = 0,x = y= inthe z— plane is mapped under the map. Q.3 Find the image of |z — 3i| = 3 under the mapping w = + Q.4 Find the image of the circle 1 |z—1| = 1 in the complex plane under the mapping w = Zz" | AkTu-2022 Engineering Mathematics-2 2 Complex Variable : Conformal Mapping Lec-2 Today's Target Bilinear Transformation or Mobius Transformation >» PYQs >» DPP >a Bilinear Transformation or Mobius Transformation Atransformation of the form — wath ~ ez+d Where a, b, c, d, are complex constants and ad —bc #0 is called a bilinear transformation. Note : Every point of z-plane is mapped into a unique point in w-plane except z = -d/c Inverse Transformation z= = js. also a Bilinear Transformation Methods to find Bilinear Transformation ow sy finding a, b, c,d for w = at with the given condition. ‘ross-Ratio If there are four points zs, Zz, Z3, Z4 taken in order, then the ratio is called the cross-ratio of Z1, Zz, Z3,Z4- h Bilinear Transformation preserves crésé ratio of four points. Cross ratio of (wi, W2, W3, W4) = Cross ratio of (21, 22, 23, Z4) (wa wa) (wa~ wa) = (21 22) (2a 24) Wra= ws) m=) G2= 2) G2)ow Type-t : If all points of z - plane and w -plane are finite ow Q.1 Find a bilinear transformation which maps the points z = 0,—i, —1 into the points a w-9C i-t2) = Lwite)(-lz+2) 7 igh othe = Purell -(W fee 1-4 = Pe 4 -fw- =oType-ti : If some points of z - plane and w —plane are Infinite Q.2 Find the bilinear transformation which transforms the points g 7 =z eel z=,i, Ointow = 0,i,© respectively . fF oH! z= Ou ae by Molo +yanaformation &. [@‘Type-lill : If the image of figure is also find uk all ‘ Q.3 Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points z = 7 =I, Tonto w = i, 0,00, Also, find the image of the unit circle | z | = 1. Wa , -82) (sd Zo a (U.- 3) (% mW) o w&, —— = be ja Zu) ° . 3) (1 BL Qu) GG - 4) i ! Wanstoyn ust okt ep By Mobis Tyan. {or Ml aa) Neee Jrori) = [ae J teety) #1) = lt V1] V=uU [@ |fu-v+t) = Juct + iva Tina y ¢ the clvele Jeet] =e se w=) (ere Aare | a. wets | evs aor ee FY / w-| BP + = fy ay ae 1 T=] ae (2/=| z-paneQ.4 Obtain the bilinear transformation which maps the points z = 1, i,—1 into the points @ = 0,1,%. Show that the transformation maps the interior of the unit circle of the z-plane onto the upper half of the w-plane. % 22 w= z=! w,= 0 ve GC red aa ~ 2+! ~ = BT D fA zt Hiztt -2(2+¢ 7 1 (re ol w = eset (uri)? =i-» oj al ty =a tz=1) | eya Tmaye 4 intevia part unit cwile go : Hn jue tvs) |< [ae flee) } iSO te ——— Se a <| [eeu < [ut +uey™ 7 Lv 27o mete) te ae Jord] . vie fw Se Wor very ea noe juriv tsar AN \ Vv x ° ~Y Ww—- plansType-IV : To find image w-plane and z-plane Q.5 Prove w= <—|maps the upper half of the z-plane into the upper half of the w- plane . What is the image of the circle. z| : = Dunder this transformation?. yaty = Ga ty)YOn +t) ee . . atk Wy) + bay + tye) ed or (AkTU-2022) uv = meee toon) ey rr [@ i : we etl Se (yt eye J4 yee o (uppry Helf Het) Ren rn ene vod (Upper Mhju+tv| = (ude 1 I 4. = n W-plang Pmayn 4 } in vf A yf \ _ . § | FLU \Sal =! Yr ap eer) ) -!/ Iw] =O Ita} = fet | tu =| U=% jus iv) = [ati fal Invariant or Fixed Points “The points which coincide with their transformations are called invariant points of the transformation. =it2f To find invariant point - Ans Putw=z Q.6 Find the fixed points under the transformation w = = Sec zlz+u) = g@-s 24 < re ee Z +4dyS %2—> 5 eae Exe tas —O as By sn) Quadratre fovnrula gab Dianea Engineering Mathematics -1!_ by Gulshan Sir = a DPP-9 [Unit-4] Bilinear Transformation or Mobius Transformation Ig Q.1 Find a bilinear transformation which maps the points z = 0,—i, —1. Q.2 Find the bilinear transformation which map the points z=0,-i, 2iintow=5i,~,—i/3 respectively. Q.3 Find a bilinear transformation which maps the points i,—i, 1 of the z-plane into 0, 1, of the w-plane respectively. AKTU-2022 2243 Q.4 Find the fixed points under the transformation w = =~ AKTU-2022 a : g For more Subject/pdf Notes Download Gateway Classes Application From Google Play store Link in Description