English Term POS English Definition English Example

abandon verb to stop having an idea or thinking in a certain way He urged us to abandon the idea.

to stop doing something or being involved in an

activity or piece of work, especially before it is Have they just postponed this project, or abandoned
abandon verb completed it altogether?

This spell checker also has the ability to automatically

ability noun the state of being able to do something point out some grammatical errors.

different from what is normal, ordinary or

expected, often in a way that seems strange,
abnormal adjective worrying, wrong or dangerous The number of chromosomes is abnormal.

Her view on the morality of people’s actions is

absolute adjective not allowing for other opinions absolute.

The danger of people who follow one particular

ideology is that they absolutise the ideas in it and
absolutise verb make something absolute consequently accept no other ideas as valid.

attitude that meaning is immutable and things are The absolutism in her approach to religious issues
absolutism noun therefore unconditionally valid scares many people.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Without any prior knowledge or a printed text at our

to take new information into the mind and learn disposal, it was difficult to absorb all the information
absorb verb and understand it he presented on nuclear fission.

He recently finished the work that had absorbed him

absorb verb to hold someone’s attention or interest completely for almost two years.

find something so interesting that you do not pay She was completely absorbed in her book and didn’t
absorb verb attention to anything else hear a word I said.

The knowledgeable reader can abstract certain

abstract verb to infer abstract meaning from something universal truths from a good literary text.

abstract adjective existing as an idea, but not as a physical thing Love is regarded as an abstract idea.

The abstract of the article summarises the main

abstract noun a short summary findings.

The abstract at the beginning of a long academic

summary of the major aspects of an academic article is useful if you want to know if the article is
abstract noun paper relevant to you.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The thematic motifs of a text are an abstraction, ideas

(the process of formulating) general ideas from that readers are able to infer from the concrete
abstraction noun concrete data textual data.

to make a process happen faster or sooner than Game-based learning can accelerate the transfer and
accelerate verb expected application of knowledge.

Although many physicists could accept Niels Bohr’s

accept verb to consider something valid quantum theory as valid, Einstein refused to do so.

Jim Martin accepted Halliday’s ideas on Systemic

accept verb to believe something to be true Functional Grammar.
to agree with or approve of someone or
accept verb something The head of the department accepted her resignation.

the extent to which something can be believed or Despite many physicists’ enthusiasm for Niels Bohr’s
acceptability noun agreed upon quantum theory, Einstein doubted its acceptability.

acceptable adjective that people can accept or agree with Cohabitation has become socially acceptable.

acceptable adjective that can be allowed These noise levels are acceptable within the office.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Einstein did not acknowledge Niels Bohr’s view on

acceptable adjective what is accepted or believed to be true or correct quantum particles as an acceptable theory.

Einstein’s critical attitude to Niels Bohr’s quantum

when you accept or believe that something is right theory is in stark contrast to many physicists’
acceptance noun or true enthusiastic acceptance of it.

what is approved of and/or regarded as normal or

accepted adjective correct This type of legislation is globally accepted practice.

to find or retrieve information from a storage She accessed three different databases to find the
access verb device, such as a file information.

the opportunity to use or gain entry to a place or a

access noun building The only access to the laboratory is through that door.

In order to access the protected collection of a library,

access verb to be able to get into a place or use something one must first ask for leave.

the right, privilege or opportunity to use

access noun something or approach someone Students must have access to a good library.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Items housed in the Main Building are accessible

accessible adjective that can be reached easily whenever the Library is open to the public.

There are two accessible assistants in our university

approachable and friendly, with whom one can library who are happy to help students find their
accessible adjective communicate comfortably resources.

Educators accommodate learners with poor reading

ability by providing activities that are within their
accommodate verb to take someone or something into consideration ability.

The true scientist always tries to think

accommodatingly from other points of view.
willingness to fit in with somebody’s wishes or However, such an accommodating way of thinking is
accommodating adjective needs very rare.

Your accommodation of other people’s views requires

accommodation noun an agreement that satisfies everyone that you look at things from their perspective.

The plagiarism declaration must accompany all

written work submitted while you are a student of the
accompany verb to go with something or someone university.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The dismissal of the employee was effected in

accordance noun in agreement with or as determined by accordance with a fair procedure.

According to the requirements for a Baccalaureus

according to adjective in agreement with Degree, you have to pass two more subjects.

a report of something which has been put into His presentation is a faithful account of the author’s
account noun own words view.

Some students enrol for a course simply to

accumulate verb to gradually obtain more of something accumulate credits towards their degrees.

As evidence accumulates against the corrupt city

accumulate verb to increase gradually in number or quantity manager, he desperately tries to defend himself.

The accumulated evidence gathered by the Hawks,

was enough to prosecute the corrupt director of the
accumulated adjective gathered together company.

Prof. Crous and dr. Andrews, who have often

disagreed in public, eventually acknowledged that
acknowledge verb to recognise, accept, admit something they completely misunderstood each other.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The competent researcher will acknowledge the

accept and mention (with gratitude or contributions of other researchers in her academic
acknowledge verb appreciation) articles or dissertation.

recognised as good, important, valid or Our physics professor is an acknowledged authority

acknowledged adjective trustworthy on the subject of nuclear physics.

An important characteristic of researchers who do not

fear competition from other researchers, is the
acknowledgement of contributions of fellow scholars
in their bibliography, their articles or their
acknowledgement noun the recognition of something as good or important dissertations.

The company’s acknowledgment of financial slip-ups

acknowledgement noun acceptance of the truth or existence of something has provoked fierce criticism.

to allow something to happen, although you do Victims of gang violence will not acquiesce in the early
acquiesce verb not like it release of convicted gang members.

The government’s acquiescence in the continued use

acquiescence noun (reluctant) acceptance of weapons of mass destruction is intolerable.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

tending to allow or accept something, even if you They were generally speaking apolitical and
acquiescent adjective do not like it acquiescent, or ready to defer to authority.

to get, gain (especially by deliberately doing Learners read to gather information and acquire new
acquire verb something for a certain amount of time) knowledge.

to get, obtain (especially through hard work or Dr. Krige obtained all his degrees at the University of
acquire verb effort) Pretoria.

Dr. Krige recently added a BCom degree to his already

acquired adjective that has been obtained or gained obtained degrees.

Study at university is not merely the acquisition of

new knowledge; it is also about developing certain
acquisition noun the act of learning or developing a skill values and dispositions.

obtaining something after hard work and effort The acquisition of a degree is an important event in
acquisition noun over a long period of time the life of any student.

the first letters of a group of words that are read

acronym noun together as one word UNISA is an acronym for University of South Africa.

change to suit new circumstances or a new University courses have to adapt to the needs of the
adapt verb environment marketplace.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The doctoral student must make adaptations to his

change or adjustment to meet a new goal or adapt first chapter, because certain aspects are not
adaptation noun to a new environment congruent with the wording in his title.

changed to make it more suitable for a specific After two weeks the student presented his lecturer
adapted adjective purpose or situation with an adapted version of his first chapter.

added to what was expected or to what was Additional imports of American beef are planned to
additional adjective agreed upon meet rising demand.

This test is adequate for measuring students’

adequate adjective good enough for a specific purpose preparedness for studying through medium of English.

In the course of researching customer needs, it was

discovered that few families have adequate life
adequate adjective as much as is needed or desired insurance.

adhere verb to stick to something The paint will adhere to any clean surface.

to obey or follow a set of principles, a course of A great statesman knows when to depart from
adhere to verb action, or rules traditions and when to adhere to them.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to alter, change or regulate in order to conform to Educators must adjust to the characteristics and
adjust verb a standard or to perform a function learning needs of students.

The doctoral student has to make adjustments to her

an alteration made to achieve a desired outcome first chapter, because certain aspects are not
adjustment noun or result congruent with the wording in her title.

to organise, provide or apply formally and

administer verb correctly The examination was administered fairly.

The motor manufacturer admitted to tampering with

admit verb to agree that something is true the carbon emission tests.

It is to the advantage of all students if they regularly

review their lecture notes instead of only looking at
advantage noun something that puts you in a favourable position them shortly before a test or exam.

It is advantageous for a student to review lecture

notes regularly, as preparation for the exam is less
advantageous adjective having an advantage exhausting.
someone who speaks, pleads or argues in favour
advocate noun of something She is an advocate for women’s rights.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He advocates the training of farmers in modern pest

advocate verb to speak, plead or argue in favour of something control methods.

The purity of the samples can significantly affect the

affect verb to have an influence (up)on results of the experiment.

strong emotion, especially in relation to how it The scale measures positive and negative affect
affect noun influences thinking and behaviour towards refugees.

His affirmative answer to the question was a great

affirmative adjective being in consent with a statement or request relief to all of us.

Although the candidate succeeds in two of his

aggregate noun a whole formed by combining separate things subjects, he fails in the aggregate.

a sum total of many different things taken The aggregate of all the changes made radically
aggregate noun together changed the image of the organisation.

to protest or argue in public for something you The student union agitated for better living
agitate verb want, especially a political or social change conditions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

originally only a mathematical way of calculation,

but the meaning has expanded to include a
broader definition, viz. a step-by-step approach to A manual for mechanics will contain different
algorithm noun tasks and problem solving algorithms for different tasks.

adjective,
algorithmical adverb making use of algorithms algorithmic learning, methods

When training inexperienced mechanics, the

algorithmisation of complex tasks is essential for their
algorithmisation noun the real execution of the different steps skill development.

to claim that something is the matter without In his main argument, he alleges that the symptoms of
allege verb having proof the patient are typical of depression.

Oppenheimer (2015: 14) alleged that Balmain (2010)

allege verb to state something as a fact without giving proof contrived the results of his research.

The alleged offence is said to have happened on

alleged adjective of which the truth has not yet been proven Friday night.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The police are on the outlook for the alleged

murderer, but as yet have not enough evidence to
alleged adjective who is thought to be guilty prove his guilt.

to repeat the same sound or letter in order to Notice how the w-sound alliterates in: White is the
alliterate verb create a special effect world of old-fashioned woe ...

the repetition of the same sound or letter at the In poetry alliteration occurs at the end but also within
alliteration noun beginning of adjacent words lines of poetry.

containing words that begin with the same sound The w sound in the words WHITE and WONDER is
alliterative adjective or letter alliterative.

Seats are allocated according to the proportion of

allocate verb to distribute according to a plan votes gained.

When choosing the best candidate for an academic

position, different weights are allocated to aspects like
academic qualifications, research experience and
allocate verb to decide to use something for a certain purpose teaching ability.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

When choosing the best candidate for an academic

position, the allocation of different weights to aspects
like academic qualifications, research experience and
allocation noun decision to use something for a certain purpose teaching ability play an important role.

to mention something or someone briefly or It is only possible to allude briefly to the conclusions
allude verb indirectly that he has attained in treating the various problems.

a brief or indirect reference to someone or

allusion noun something Spencer makes frequent allusions to the New World.

The holocaust significantly altered the course of

alter verb to cause to change or make different history.

Most novelists alternate between dialogue and

alternate verb to do or happen in turn description.

to put two things, one after the other, in a The effective student alternates hard work with
alternate verb repeated pattern regular relaxation and enough hours of sleep.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Brick-building patterns in alternating straight and

alternating adjective in turn wavy lines lend a playful character to walls.

Meaningful alternation in teaching tasks should

alleviate the boredom that lecturers sometimes
alternation noun repeated rotation experience in teaching their subject.

You can write an essay; the alternative is that you

alternative noun one of two options answer twenty short questions.

The students have the choice of an alternative

alternative adjective offering the choice between two things assignment.

You must write a full-length essay; alternatively you

alternatively adverb in the alternative can answer 20 short questions.

something that is not clear because it can be The lecturer clears up misunderstandings and
ambiguity noun interpreted in different ways ambiguities through individual feedback.

This statement is ambiguous, because it can be

ambiguous adjective having more than one meaning interpreted in two different ways.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

simultaneous presence of conflicting wishes or Because of the ambivalence in his mind, he cannot
ambivalence noun feelings make a decision on the matter.

I feel ambivalent about the matter, because I

understand the positive and the negative aspects of it.
adjective, regarding the simultaneous existence of opposite People do not always understand my ambivalent
ambivalent adverb wishes or feelings feelings.

The agreement was amended to apply only to senior

amend verb to change a law, agreement or document slightly members.

to make minor changes in order to be more Researchers amend their initial hypotheses if their
amend verb accurate experiments refute them.

an error in chronology in which a person or thing is It’s an anachronism when a soldier in a WWII film
anachronism noun placed in the wrong historical time talks to his fiancé on his cellphone.

The soldier’s cellphone conversation in the film about

incompatible with the time in which something World War II is anachronistic. Such an anachronistic
anachronistic adjective happens scene detracts from the authenticity of the events.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The functions of the human heart and those of a

pump prove to be analogous to each other. They
analogous adjective similar to something else perform analogous functions.

drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity One may find analogies with one’s own emotions and
analogy noun between two things. feelings in another person’s poetry.

something that is comparable to something else in There is an analogy between your own emotions and
analogy noun significant ways the feelings expressed in someone else’s poems.

to examine something methodically in order to

analyse verb explain it You analyse a text if you examine its parts separately.

to break up a whole into the parts of which it was

composed and identify relationships among the The students must analyse a chemical compound in
analyse verb parts order to identify it.

Your thinking is analytical if you prefer to analyse

analytical adjective making use of analysis separate parts.`

adjective, The speaker has an anecdotal style, because he loves

anecdotal adverb by means of stories anecdotes.

The famous speaker alternates his serious argument

anecdote noun short, entertaining narrative that is usually true with anecdotes from his life.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The annual income of a top CEO in South Africa is

annual adjective calculated over the period of one year more than one million rand.

a magazine or book that is published once a year

annual noun with the same title but different content Modern Scientist is an annual published in December.

annual adjective happening once every year She’ll be getting her annual pay increase this month.

something that differs from what is usual, normal With his introverted nature, he was an anomaly in his
anomaly noun or expected exuberant family.

Anthropological studies today focus on all types of

communities and use, among others, qualitative
anthropological adjective relating to anthropology research to verify findings.

systematic study of the origin and evolution of

human beings, the organisation of social and
cultural relationships, human behaviour, variations Anthropology is a global discipline today, while earlier
between different people, how the evolutionary it was more limited to Europe. There are branches
past of homo sapiens influenced its social such as biological, cultural, linguistic and social
anthropology noun organisation and culture, etc. anthropology.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Using textual clues, a good reader anticipates what

to logically foresee events that might happen in will happen later in the text and then formulates
anticipate verb the future hypotheses.

anticipate verb to regard something as probable or likely The results are not as favourable as anticipated.

The strategic reader reads anticipatingly as she

anticipatingly adverb in anticipation formulates hypotheses using the available text clues.

Anticipation of what happens next in the text is

accompanied by hypotheses based on the available
anticipation noun the action of expecting something text clues.

anticipatory adjective containing, expressing or revealing anticipation The anticipatory reading action is very effective.

antonym noun a word which means the opposite BACK is the antonym of FRONT.

It is apparent that many users of African languages

seem to prefer being educated in English because of
the perceived benefits that still accompany the
apparent adjective easy to see or understand language.

The discomfort of the young researcher was apparent,

because he began to blush when the journalist
apparent adjective easy to notice approached him.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a formal request to an authority for a decision to He made an appeal to the court to shorten his
appeal noun be changed sentence.

to make a formal request to some authority for a The student appealed to the council against the
appeal verb decision to be changed decision to expel him.

The teachers’ union appealed for programmes at all

appeal verb make an urgent public request schools to teach learners to swim.

appeal noun immediate effect The appeal of his argument lies in its simplicity.

appear verb to give the impression of being or happening Dlamini (2015) appears to support a federal system.

appear verb to come into the public domain or be published Dr. Manzini’s article appeared in an academic journal.

The appearance of the research article in one of the

appearance noun the act or fact of coming into the public domain leading journals has already sparked a lively debate.

append verb to add to or attach The aerial maps were appended to the assignment.

a part at the end of a book or document which The detailed budget papers are included in the
appendix noun gives extra information appendix of the proposal.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Smith suggested the applicability of Berger’s method

applicability noun the degree to which something is uselful to the inter-communication of ships at sea.

Whilst this principle is undoubtedly applicable to the

majority of chemical actions under ordinary
conditions, it is subject to numerous exceptions, and
cannot therefore be taken as a secure basis for
applicable adjective suitable for being applied theoretical reasoning.

Many researchers struggle with the application of

application noun the act of putting something into operation their theoretical principles in practice.

Applied research is a challenge, because theory and

applied adjective as used in practice, opposed to theory practice are not always compatible.

to make practical use of something, opposed to For many people, it is difficult to practically apply
apply verb theory abstract principles in everyday life.

the act of appointing someone in a position or The appointment of the new Vice-Rector was a big
appointment noun office surprise to us.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The value of property in the area has appreciated by

appreciate verb to increase in value over a period of time 10 per cent over the past three years.

A number of scholars have appreciated the

significance of the Bologna agreement for the
appreciate verb to understand something promotion of multilingualism.

to recognise and be grateful for the good qualities

appreciate verb of something or someone The publication appreciates her abilities as researcher.

The post-modern approach is to view a work of

approach verb to start dealing with a problem or task literary art from different perspectives.

Post-modern theories have approached the problem

approach verb to start dealing with a problem or task from two different perspectives.

a way of looking at an issue, a problem or a

approach noun phenomenon He followed a qualitative approach in his research.

Peter’s approach to his studies is sober, because he

approach noun the way you deal with a problem or task knows he has to work hard to succeed.

suitable for a particular purpose, place, condition, Specific characters, appropriate for each scene of the
appropriate adjective etc. play, were used.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to take something that does not belong to you, The supervisor was suspended for appropriating data
appropriate verb especially illegally or without permission gathered by his doctoral student.

suitable for a particular purpose, place, condition, She gave the appropriate response to the difficult
appropriate adjective etc. question.

Thematic appropriateness of word choice is an

appropriateness noun acceptability in specific circumstances important requirement in academic writing.

His method for determining approximate values of the

roots of equations is identical in principle with the
approximate adjective nearly correct or accurate, but not precise methods of Sir Isaac Newton.

to roughly estimate or make a fairly accurate The architect approximates the cost of his design at
approximate verb calculation about R150 000.

to come close to or be near something in amount, Her singing approximated the singing of the diva, but
approximate verb quality or nature lacked star quality.

The approximated annual study cost of a student is

approximated adjective what has been estimated and is fairly accurate R80 000.

The room is approximately twelve square meters –

approximately adverb almost correct or accurate exact dimensions are not available.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

A fair approximation of the relative price would be

approximation noun rough calculation about R90.

The architect’s approximation is that the project will

approximation noun estimation or rough calculation cost about R150 000.

Their reasons for appointing him as captain seemed to

be completely arbitrary since he had never excelled at
arbitrary adjective based on individual discretion or preference the sport.

My father had to get an arbitrator to arbitrate so he

arbitrate verb to mediate between parties and his neighbour could settle their dispute.

The arbitrated settlement resulted in the acceptance

mediated between parties and decided by an of the new contract between my father and his
arbitrated adjective arbitrator or referee neighbour.

The arbitrator in the wage dispute case should look at

a neutral person who mediates between parties both employee’s and employer’s arguments as
arbitrator noun out of court and help to settle a dispute objectively as possible.

Her area of expertise includes linguistics, morphology

area noun field and semantics.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He argued that South Africa should stop selling power

to give reasons for your opinion on a particular to neighbouring countries because it was facing
argue verb matter massive shortages within the country.

to give reasons to support an idea with the aim of The speaker argues that poverty is one of the most
argue verb persuading others important causes of crime.

She argues in such a way that everyone can easily

argue verb supply logical reasons for your point of view follow her line of reasoning.

exposition of a case characterised by postulation

of point of view, evidence, consideration of
conflicting views and systematic structuring of In her paper she develops a coherent argument in
argument noun thoughts leading to a logical conclusion which she thoroughly supports the facts.

For argument’s sake, let’s think about the possibility

argument noun for the purpose of expressing views that global warming is not going to be a global crisis.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

exposition of an argument characterized by

postulation of point of view, evidence,
consideration of conflicting views, systematic I always follow her line of argumentation easily,
structuring of thoughts leading to a logical because her statements logically follow one another
argumentation noun conclusion with clear links and ample evidence.

logical exposition or explanation of your point of His argument convinced me thanks to the evidence he
argumentation noun view supplied for his statements.

using reason and logic to make or support an In an argumentative essay you have to adopt a firm
argumentative adjective argument line of reasoning for or against a case.

expression of creative skill which is aesthetically The famous pianist entertains the audience as he
art noun satisfying, striking or moving transforms piano playing into a true art.

His artful performance at the piano entertained the

artful adjective characteristic of art audience.

Communication on social networks such as Facebook

not genuine or authentic, but imitated or is artificial because authentic personal contact is
artificial adjective unnatural lacking.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Many people criticise the artificiality of social

that which is not genuine or authentic, but networks like Facebook because they prefer direct
artificiality noun immitated or unnatural personal contact.

artistic adjective done with imagination and skill The room was decorated in an artistic way.

His artistic performance at the piano entertained the

artistic adjective characteristic of art audience.

He was not an academic standout, but was

artistic adjective to be able to produce or appreciate art particularly artistic.

ability or skill in producing art that is good or Michelangelo’s artistry can be seen in his famous
artistry noun beautiful figures on the roof of the Sistine chapel in Rome.

to believe, consider or declare that something is

caused by or exists because of someone or The poem is ascribed to Chinua Achebe, but some
ascribe verb something else scholars believe it was written by Wole Soyinka.

a particular part or feature of a situation, idea, Drug abuse affects all aspects of a person’s health and
aspect noun plan, etc. personality.

a characteristic or trait that must be taken into He considered all aspects of the problem, but could
aspect noun account or considered not find a solution.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

She took the television set apart and no one could put
assemble verb to fit, put or join the parts of something together it back together.

The author of an academic article assembles

information from different sources and integrates it
assemble verb to bring things together into his article.

to come together or bring things or people The group of plant biologists assemble once every
assemble verb together in a group year.

The principal should give assent for the research to be

conducted in his school, whereas learners should give
assent noun official approval or agreement from someone consent for the use of their responses.

The test is used to assess the literacy levels of

to estimate the nature, quality, ability or students, in order to determine those who are at risk
assess verb significance of something or high risk of failure.

to calculate the cost, amount or extent of

assess verb something He assessed the cost of building a new laboratory.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to select something or someone for a specific The Angolan student was assigned to South Africa to
assign verb purpose represent her university.

assignment noun task or essay The student has completed her first assignment.

to absorb ideas, information, etc. so that you

assimilate verb understand it thoroughly and feel ready to use it Students need time to assimilate new concepts.

Pink Floyd uses assonance for effect in “Hear the lark

and harken to the barking of the dark fox gone to
assonance noun repetition of the same vowels in nearby words ground”.

Yeats assonates the o-sound in THAT DOLPHIN-TORN,

assonate verb repeat vowel sounds near each other THAT GONG-TORMENTED SEA.

It is a pleasure to listen to the assonated sounds in

assonated adjective where assonance occurs Boerneef’s poems.

assume verb to take or take over power or responsibility He will assume the position of chairman next week.

take to be the case or to be true, although you It is reasonable to assume that the problem has
assume verb have no proof multiple causes.

In her assumption that most motorcyclists show

criminal trends, she is guilty of gross stereotyping and
assumption noun the belief that something is the case or is true categorical thinking.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The relaxed atmosphere in the library helps for clear

atmosphere noun a feeling or mood in a particular place or situation thinking.

The atmosphere of inquiry and reflection among first-

atmosphere noun general attitude or mindset year students is striking.

Please attach a personal declaration of responsibility

attach verb to fasten or join one thing to another thing for each assistant who works on the project.

attached adjective connected or fastened to something Please find the reading list attached to this email.

to be part of or to work for a particular She is attached to the university satellite campus in
attached adjective organisation, especially for a short period of time Mamelodi.
Please send the document as an attachment via e-
attachment noun an added document mail.

They sought to attain their goals through negotiation

attain verb to gain by putting in effort rather than violence.

Attitudes are said to comprise a range of feelings,

either favourable or unfavourable toward an object, a
attitude noun a way of thinking or feeling about something person, an issue or behaviour.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The person with a positive attitude will eventually

attitude noun a way of thinking or feeling achieve success.

a characteristic belonging to something or She has all the attributes of a great leader – patience,
attribute noun someone intelligence and diligence.

to say or believe that something is the result of Students attribute their failure in exams to causes
attribute verb something else beyond their control, such as bad luck.

to say that someone is responsible for saying or

attribute verb doing something Some scholars attribute the book to Zakes Mda.

The writing style of the person committing plagiarism

authentic adjective original or genuine is not authentic.

If a student commits plagiarism, the authenticity of his

authenticity noun originality or genuineness assignment is questionable.

A debit order is when the customer enters into an

agreement with a third party and the latter is then
authorise verb to give permission or approve authorised to debit the customer’s account.

Making use of authoritative texts in one’s research

has the purpose of providing evidence on certain
authoritative adjective as if being an expert issues in the construction of an argument.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The authoritative views of Stephen Hawking are

authoritative adjective with regard to authority and influence generally accepted by other scientists.

Gerald Schroeder talks authoritatively on the topic of

authoritatively adverb trusted as accurate the Bible and the Big Bang.

The author’s authority is evident in his statements

authority noun expertness in a particular field about the Bible and the Big Bang.

someone with the power or right to give orders or The social worker has the authority to remove the
authority noun make decisions children from their abusive home.

authority noun expert in a particular field She is an authority in the field of …

In an autocracy, the leader of the country holds all

power in his own hands, which means he does not
autocracy noun form of government where an autocrat rules tolerate opposition.

In certain countries in Africa and the Middle East, the

mode of government is strictly autocratic, with
autocratic adjective wielding absolute power relentless suppression of any signs of rebellion.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Graduate students are expected to have more

adjective, autonomous thinking skills than undergraduate
autonomous adverb with freedom to function on your own students.

the ability to function on your own in a responsible Greater autonomy is expected of postgraduate
autonomy noun way students than undergraduate.

Students often complain about the availability of

availability noun the fact of being at hand or to one’s disposal prescribed textbooks at the beginning of the year.

A class of 6 students’ final exam marks are: 82, 77, 66,

6, 57 and 44. The average of these is 64.33. This is
mean calculated by dividing the sum of the values calculated by dividing the total of the marks (386) by
average noun in a set by their number the number of students (6).

award verb to give a prize Many students are awarded grants for further study.

A number of promising students receive awards each

award noun prize year from the University.

Two of the awarded bursaries had to be returned

because the students concerned dropped out of the
awarded adjective given as prize or reward system.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Supporting views by backing them up with well-

back verb show that something is correct formulated arguments is an academic convention.
The balance of opinion lies with the moderate
balance noun something that bears the most weight thinkers.

based upon verb where … was the starting point My statements are based upon thorough research.

The researcher based his point of view on good

base on verb to use as the starting point for something arguments.

I base my view of democracy on the characteristics of

base upon verb to use as the starting point for something open conversation.

the important facts or ideas that support

basis noun something Mutual respect is the basis of a good relationship.

basis noun the reason why people take a particular action The company hires people based on their experience.

The basis of any democracy is the open discussion

basis noun underlying idea or theory that all parties participate in.

begin verb to commence The lecture will begin at 11:00.

Man is supposed to be a reasonable being who can

being noun a person or an imaginary creature make moral decisions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The company’s health and wellness programme sets a

a standard against which other things can be benchmark for other automotive companies in South
benchmark noun measured Africa.

to evaluate or judge the standard of something by

measuring it against other examples of the same We have to benchmark our research against other
benchmark verb thing universities, both nationally and internationally.

It is to the benefit of all students if they regularly

review their lecture notes instead of looking at them
benefit noun something that is useful shortly before a test or exam.

Students who regularly review their lecture notes

benefit from the process, because they are better
benefit from verb be to your advantage prepared for class tests and the final exam.

A response bias is expected when respondents tend

to answer all questions in the same direction by
an error in the way a survey is designed, which will consciously or unconsciously misrepresenting the
bias noun cause the data to be unreliable truth.

an opinion that influences how you deal with a

bias noun person, group or issue He showed a bias toward older employees.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He is too biased to give an objective opinion about the

biased adjective showing prejudice or bias incident.

The student arranged the bibliographic details in her

bibliographic adjective relating to a bibliography essay according to academic guidelines.

list of sources consulted at the end of an academic Authors must ensure that the sources they refer to in
bibliography noun text the text are all included in the bibliography.

We understand many things only within binary

opposites, for example white versus black, male
versus female, above versus below, outside versus
binary adjective having two parts inside.

Staff should be informed on how to handle media

brief verb to give essential information inquiries.

brief adjective using few words or continuing for a short time She made a brief working visit to Japan.

People of peasant status constituted the bulk of the

bulk noun the main part or most of something European population.
determine the amount or number of something
calculate verb mathematically Calculate the volume of a cylinder.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

calculate verb plan for something to have a certain effect His words were calculated to hurt her.

calculating adjective aimed at, or intending to have, a certain effect He is a shrewd and calculating politician.

determination of the amount or number of The figure was reduced to R283 million following
calculation noun something by means of mathematics further calculations.

regarding the readings of measuring instrument,

marked, checked or adjusted by comparison with a Angle adjustment is via a butterfly nut on a calibrated
calibrated adjective standard scale gauge.

capable adjective having the ability to perform a specific task The team is said to be capable of playing with flair.

People have the capacity to participate in the process

capacity noun ability to do, make or achieve something of determining their future.

The painting becomes a caricatural emphasis of the

caricatural adjective like or with the character of a caricature contradiction.

picture or description of a person that deliberately The group portrays the ubiquitous tourist, the armed
exaggerates certain striking features of him or her robber, the talkative street hawker and the proud car-
caricature noun to produce a comic or grotesque effect watcher, all in caricature.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Students must carry out four writing assignments and

carry out verb perform, execute or accomplish something one research project for their year mark.

make a systematic list of items of the same type or A number of horses have been catalogued in the
catalogue verb enter an item in such a list horses-in-training section.

a complete list of items, arranged alphabetically or Use the online library catalogue to find library books
catalogue noun in another systematic order, with descriptive detail on the shelves.

Lecturers like it when students categorise their

adjective, seminar content. Others, however, do not like a
categorical adverb according to categories categorical organisation of content.

categorical adjective stating something in absolute terms Our lecturer can be very categorical in his statements.

The person who thinks categorically deals with

adjective, alternative views poorly and thus often makes the
categorical adverb in absolute terms assumption that others think just like him.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

arrange people or things in groups or types In the study of sentence construction, words are
categorise verb according to shared qualities or characteristics categorised into different word types.

distinct group, class or division of people or things,

the members of which share particular Authors can submit books in different categories for
category noun characteristics adjudication.

Many laws of science are in the form of the ordinary

belief that a particular causal circumstance
causal adjective relating to a cause or indicating a cause necessitates a particular effect.

Causality is clear in the following argument: He has

measles; as a result, he will have to write the test
causality noun a logical chain of cause and effect later.

Further coherence is created through the suggestion

causality noun relationship between cause and effect of causality: The minister is ill so he has to be carried.

The judge cast doubt on the causative effect of the

causative adjective acting as a cause or expressing causation misrepresentation.

A tornado is a twisting dark cloud of wind which

cause verb to be the cause of or reason for causes major destruction in a few seconds.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

She has caused the problem through her own doing,

cause verb bring about or make happen because she revises her work too irregularly.

person, event or condition that brings about an

cause noun effect or result The cause of the plane crash was human fallibility.

cease verb come to an end or put an end to something Any society which ceases to develop ceases to exist.

The survivors of the Twin Towers attack on September

certainty noun conviction that something is the case 9, 2001 can say with certainty they faced death.

call on someone to engage in a contest, or dispute

challenge verb someone’s authority He challenged her authority directly.

course of communication, or a path along which Websites use the internet as an interactive
channel noun information is transmitted communication channel to market activities.

Character is not a static being but a dynamic process

character noun distinguishing nature of something of becoming.

description of the distinctive nature or features of Establish patterns in the writing of stories concerning
characterisation noun someone or something plot development and characterisation.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Aunt Dolly and her loyal Swingsters had the audience

be typical or a distinctive trait of someone or dancing and swinging their heads in response to the
characterise verb something jivy beat sounds that characterise the group’s style.

The challenge is to undergo what some would

describe the qualities or distinct features of characterise as a transition from conflict to
characterise verb someone or something reconstruction and development.

feature typically belonging to a person, place or Discuss the characteristics of the air pollution found in
characteristic noun thing that helps to identify him, her or it Mpumalanga.

typical or distinguishing of a particular person, The paintings in this section of the art gallery are all
characteristic adjective place or thing characteristic of the Baroque style.

map for navigation, or a sheet presenting Exercises incorporated in the chart include stretch
chart noun information graphically movements.

The conference hopes to chart a way forward to

make a map of an area, or record the ensure greater understanding between government
chart verb development of something and business.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The documentary is precise in giving a chronological

of a record of events, arranged according to the account of Sisulu’s life after his release from Robben
chronological adjective time of occurrence Island.

Computer-assisted studies of style have often

attempted to settle questions of chronology in the
chronology noun arrangement of events in order of their occurrence work of authors whose works are undated.

While very young children can differentiate the past

from the present, many have considerable difficulty in
science that deals with measuring time by regular differentiating between two periods in the past, or
chronology noun divisions and the determination of dates giving precision to the concept of chronology.

circa adjective approximately, about He died circa 1890, but the specific date is not known.

Politics and economics are elements of an integrated

fact or condition determining or modifying an and mutually reinforcing set of circumstances which
circumstance noun event must be addressed together.

A citation in academic writing functions as a call on

citation noun words taken directly from a source authority.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

quotation or excerpt from a source or a reference

to it for substantiation, especially in a scholarly Most citations in scholarly journals are to scholarly
citation noun paper papers, and citations to popular works are rare.

Lecturers expect students at postgraduate level to

cite verb make reference to know how to cite sources correctly.

When researchers present their findings, it is

quote or mention something, especially as an customary to cite the sources they were able to draw
cite verb example or proof of what you are saying upon.

The cited words of an author must be in quotation

cited adjective what has been referred to marks.

regarding the citizens of a state, or occurring

civil adjective between or among citizens of a state They received complaints from the civil community.

the act of making something clear and The abbreviations and items in the text that require
clarification noun comprehensible further clarification are found in the endnotes.

The literature review can provide the necessary

clarify verb to make clear and comprehensible information to clarify one’s research aims.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Dr. Koopman clarifies the theoretical concepts in her

to make something clear and understandable, set lectures in such a way that they are clearly
clarify verb it out clearly understood by her students.

Dr. Koopman’s special lecture was so clarifying that I

finally understood all the theoretical principles. Her
clarifying adjective clear and comprehensible clarifying notes also help a lot.

The clarity with which Lechte explains difficult

the quality of being clearly expressed and psychological principles makes Julia Kristeva’s work
clarity noun explained more accessible.

Dr. Mohapi will always reformulate a definition for the

clarity noun to be clear sake of clarity so that everyone can understand it.

The book, first published in 1934, became a classic

classic adjective well-known and considered of high quality text.

Shakespeare, Vondel, Goethe and Schiller are among

classical adjective as, of or with respect to the art of antiquity the classic writers of their century.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

trend in the arts, literature and architecture that

follows the models of Greek and Roman antiquity
(the Classics); it had its first revival in Europe
during the Renaissance and was further developed
in the artistic pursuits and design during Neo-
Classicism; architecture and literature strictly
followed the form of classical works; this often
resulted in a cold, impersonal style and loss of Classicism is a style that is associated with German
Classicism noun content quality poets like Goethe and Schiller.

a scholar or student in the languages, letters and The classicist George Chapman undertook one of the
classicist noun culture of the ancient Greeks and Romans best translations of the Iliad into English.

In ornaments and furniture excavated in Pompeii, one

sees classic trends such as strict, symmetrical and
classicist adjective according to the rules of classical art precise lines.

The lecturer brought the world of the Classics to life

Classics noun everything to do with Greek and Roman antiquity with her lectures.
English Term POS English Definition English Example
to arrange something in groups according to
classify verb features Novels are classified according to their genre.

Dr. Seakhoa makes a clear distinction between moral,

clear adjective easy to understand immoral and a-moral actions.

It is clear that children’s attention span is getting

clear adjective easy to see shorter.

Dr. Seakhoa always introduces new concepts to

clearly adverb in a way that is easy to see, hear or understand students so that they can clearly understand them.

Politicians are best known for their use of clichés, such

as WE HAVE COME A LONG WAY and TOGETHER WE
cliché noun overused or unoriginal phrase WILL BUILD THE FUTURE.

Politicians are best known for their cliché-like

language in phrases such as AT THE END OF THE DAY
cliché-like adjective like a cliché and TIME TO CHANGE.

The life of a book character may give the reader a clue

clue noun information that helps you understand something of the author’s own life story.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The good reader is like a detective looking for every

clue noun a piece of information to solve a riddle or crime possible textual clue to fill in the natural gaps in texts.

Students have to follow the university’s code of

code noun a set of rules, principles or laws conduct.

use words, letters or numbers to indicate that an The data was coded by using a set of predetermined
code verb item belongs to a specific group or collection categories.

She had cogent reasons for continuing with her

cogent adjective reasonable and convincing research and so the university agreed to support her.

The body, emotions and cognition cannot be

separated in the expressive mode of the performance
cognition noun the process by which people understand things of poetry.

cognition noun mental action Cognition includes analytical and holistic thinking.

You will not find cognitive laziness in a responsible

student who is thinking critically about subject
cognitive adjective relating to the mind and brain content.

cognitively adverb in terms of thinking and the brain If you are cognitively lazy, you do not want to think.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

This ancient manuscript consists of various parts that

cohere so poorly that one might assume that it was
cohere verb to be orderly and logically consistent or linked written by different authors.

the orderly and coherent relation between the The coherence in this ancient text is so poor that one
coherence noun parts of the whole can assume that it was written by different authors.

A well-thought-out text always forms a coherent

coherent adjective which makes logical sense whole.

marked by an orderly and consistent relation You must report your findings in a logical, coherent
coherent adjective between the parts of a whole and ethical manner.

marked by an orderly and consistent relation Because this ancient text is not at all coherent, one
coherent adjective between the parts of a whole can assume that it was written by different authors.

The speaker’s content was not presented coherently.

As a result, the audience completely missed the point
coherently adverb logically of her speech.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

It is important that there is cohesion between

semantic relation between parts of a text or sentences and paragraphs in a text, but overall
elements in a text that ensures that the text flows coherence is also important in order for the text to
cohesion noun logically make sense at the macro level.

to be exactly the same as, or very similar to, Their test answers coincided, thus the lecturer
coincide verb something else thought that they might have cheated.

The reign of Alexander coincided with the golden age

coincide verb to happen simultaneously of Russian literature.

collapse verb to fall down suddenly He collapsed on the ground due to a heart attack.

a sudden failure in the way something works, so The collapse of the country’s economy led to the
collapse noun that it cannot continue. revolution.

In 2016, Human & Rousseau published the Collected

collected adjective that has been gathered together or assembled Works of Eugene Marais in two volumes.

group of similar things that are kept or brought

collection noun together The museum houses a collection of Stone Age tools.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The Social Work Department is hosting a colloquium

academic discussion or seminar in which more next week where invited speakers will talk about
colloquium noun than one speaker participates urbanisation.

If you know who committed the crime, please come

come forth verb come out forth.

Research may only commence from the second week

of February and must be concluded before the
commence verb to begin or start beginning of the last quarter of the academic year.

Would passengers kindly switch off their cellphones

commencement noun the point in time when something starts before the commencement of the flight.

a written or spoken remark, criticism or Comments on the website indicate people’s general
comment noun observation about an event, a person etc. dissatisfaction with medical services in the province.

something that reveals something, usually bad, The number of unemployed people is a comment on
comment noun about a situation or event the health of the country’s economy.

An old man approached me and commented about

to give your opinion about something or someone, my resemblance to the Shabalalas he knew from his
comment verb or your explanation for something village.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Lecturers making positive comments in class usually

motivate students to do their best. By contrast,
students are demotivated by lecturers who make
comment noun expression of opinion or reaction negative remarks.

The Department appointed a commission of inquiry

commission noun a special group delegated to consider a matter into the alleged unfair dismissal of two employees.

to officially ask somebody to do or write He was commissioned to investigate the corruption in

commission verb something the company.

to say you will use something for a particular The university has committed additional funds to
commit verb purpose postgraduate bursaries.

a useful or valuable thing that can be sold to make

commodity noun a profit Gold is a precious commodity to South Africa.

common adjective shared by two or more people or things The Free State and Gauteng share a common border.

to interchange information or ideas with someone More and more people communicate via Skype as a
communicate verb else, using words, signs, etc. substitute for face to face interaction.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a group of people sharing the same social He is well respected in the community of civil
community noun practices engineers.

a group of people sharing the same social The values within a community normally influence the
community noun practices thinking of individuals within that community.

a group of interdependent entities sharing the The team studied kinship relations in the community
community noun same space or interests for a period of four years.

Protestantism and Roman Catholicism are

comparable, because both are an outgrowth of the
same Christian faith on which one can base a
comparable possible to compare comparison between the two.

adjective, which involves the observation of similarities and

comparative adverb differences between things Many comparative studies form part of the research.

examine things to determine in what respects they

are similar and in what respects they differ from Many researchers typically compare their findings
compare verb each other with those of their colleagues in the same field.

the examination of things to see how they are In this essay you must make a comparison of the
comparison noun similar of different earlier and later compositions of Beethoven.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The compatibility of two such divergent schools of

a state in which two things are able to exist in thought as positivism and postmodernism is
compatibility noun harmonious combination inconceivable.

able to exist and perform in harmonious Their findings on the ecological impact of fracking are
compatible adjective combination compatible with those of previous researchers.

The university compensated students for the injuries

they sustained when the lift in the administration
compensate verb to pay someone money for something building fell one floor.

to balance, remove or mitigate the negative The richness of the data compensated for the small
compensate verb consequences of something sample.

Managers need the competence to develop global

competence noun the skill to perform a particular task marketing strategies.

a list, document, book, report, etc. that has been Study material must bear witness to a logical
compilation noun put together by assembling information compilation.

to put together a list, document, book, report, etc. The researcher compiled a research report after
compile verb by assembling information. completing the study.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to put together a list, document, book, report, etc.

compile verb by assembling information Study material must be compiled logically.

that has been put together as a list, document, The study material for Applied Mathematics is
compiled adjective book, report, etc. by assembling information compiled logically.

Richard Yates was the compiler of the short-story

compiler noun a person who puts parts or information together. collection.

to add to something in a way that improves it or The oral examination is designed to complement the
complement verb completes it written examination.

to contribute to something else in such a way that Written assignments and formal examinations
complement verb it is made better complement each other well as assessment methods.

something that provides additional qualities in A picture would be the perfect complement to the
complement noun order to improve or complete something else. text in explaining the concept.

Assessment methods that are considered

complementary are written assignments, oral
complementary adjective complimenting or supplementing each other performances, etc.

The series of lectures presented by the lecturer forms

completed adjective which forms an integral whole a completed unit.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The South African political problems are too complex

complex adjective which consists of different interdependent parts to solve in the blink of an eye.

The complexity of South African society causes

complexity noun state of being complex or intricate enormous challenges.

With too many explanations, one complicates

complicate verb to make something complicated something that is really simple.

one of the individual parts making up a larger The primary components of sand are minerals such as
component noun entity feldspars and quartz.

a whole formed by joining two or more elements A compound of sleep and good eating habits are
compound noun or parts essential for good health.

to fully understand something that is complicated Entropy is a complex concept that is difficult to
comprehend verb or difficult comprehend.

adjective, including or dealing with most or all aspects of Professor O’Connel is popular because of his
comprehensive adverb something comprehensive lecture style.

She did a comprehensive study on the emotional

comprehensive adjective including all or everything bond between pets and people.

condition that includes most or all aspects of She will be working on her doctorate for a long time
comprehensiveness noun something due to the comprehensiveness of her subject.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

comprise verb consist of Solar radiation comprises a range of wavelengths.

This study comprises so many disciplines that we will

comprise verb be made up of have to work across subject boundaries.

comprise of verb be made up of The course is comprised of ten core modules.

It was the task of the project manager to compute the

compute verb to calculate a figure or amount total price of the project.

conceive verb to form an idea in your mind The mining project was originally conceived in 1905.

It is very difficult to conceive of modern life without

conceive verb to imagine a particular situation access to the internet.
Due to her illness she was unable to concentrate on
concentrate verb to focus your full attention on something anything.

The medical research laboratory is concentrating all

concentrate verb to bring together its efforts on developing a vaccine for TB.

Hand soap, soft drinks and liquid medicine are

concentrated solutions commonly found in the
concentrated adjective made stronger by removing water from it household.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

concept noun an abstract or general idea I struggle to understand the concept of evolution.

Leonardo da Vinci presented his concept of an

concept noun basic content, idea or design airplane in sketch form.

Conceptual learning is related to constructive

conceptual adjective according to meaning thinking.

adjective, Conceptual understanding is dependent on concrete

conceptual adverb with regard to a concept or concepts representations.

Leonardo da Vinci presented his conceptualisation of

conceptualisation noun abstract representation an airplane in sketch form.

Leonardo da Vinci conceptualised the flying machine

conceptualise verb to form a concept and then presented it in concrete form.

giving only the information that is necessary or Avoid long, complex sentences and repetition to keep
concise adjective important your writing concise.

the extent to which only the necessary or Conciseness is one of the most important skills of
conciseness noun important information is given academic writers.

to make a decision after considering all the The student concludes his argument skillfully with a
conclude verb information you have logical deduction.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to successfully complete something you have been They followed up every possible lead and concluded
conclude verb doing, especially for a long time the investigation after three years.

to make a decision after considering all the In the article he concludes that it is possible for poor
conclude verb information you have countries to curb the spread of HIV.

an opinion you reach after considering all the The anecdotal conclusion of his lecture was greeted
conclusion noun information with loud applause.

The conclusion of a dissertation requires nerves of

steel because there is so much detail to be finally
conclusion noun the completion and finalisation of something checked.

an opinion you reach after thinking about all the The judge has reached a conclusion and will deliver
conclusion noun information her verdict next week.

In consequence of his poor class attendance and

incomplete class mark, I have arrived at the
an opinion you reach after thinking about all the conclusion that he is not interested in study or may be
conclusion noun information struggling with personal problems.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Professor Mohapi is impressed with his student’s

essay in which the problem statement is well
an opinion you reach after considering all the motivated and the student comes to a clear
conclusion noun information conclusion of his argument.

adjective, Without concrete thinking, full understanding of many

concrete adverb in a concrete (physical) way academic words is impossible.

concretise verb to make concrete Students must concretise concepts using examples.

concur verb agree with somebody or something We concur with the decision.

The artist’s work was displayed in three concurrent

concurrent adjective occurring at the same time exhibits.

The international community condemned the acts of

condemn verb disapprove of something or someone very strongly violence in the country.

One can easily condemn the actions of others without

condemn verb to give judgement against something or someone regard to their circumstances.

the way a business, campaign or activity is There is growing criticism of the conduct of the
conduct noun organised or managed pharmaceutical companies in the Third World.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The university conducted a survey into student

conduct verb to perform or carry out responses to the newly implemented fee structure.

The two judges conferred with each other and agreed

confer verb exchange thoughts on something that the man should be sentenced to life in prison.

A doctorate in engineering was conferred on him in

confer verb to officially give someone a degree, title, etc. 2019.

to prevent something from spreading beyond a Two firefighters managed to confine the fire to the
confine verb particular place or group living room.
Reading problems are not confined to school
confine verb to place limits on dropouts.

to say, or show with facts or evidence, that

confirm verb something is definitely true Further genetic tests confirmed the diagnosis.

The official confirmation of prof. Schroeder’s

confirmation noun the action of confirming something appointment as dean was not a surprise to us.

Confirmation of your statements by citing facts and

confirmation noun reinforcement or proof with new evidence or facts examples is essential if you want to convince people.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Managing and resolving conflicts over natural

a situation where people are in serious resources may define global peace and security in the
conflict noun disagreement 21st century.

conflict verb to be completely different from each other These results conflict with earlier findings.

Some students feel the pressure to conform and not

conform verb adapt to something to be different.

Students often tend to conform about dress and

hairstyle, because they want to feel like they are part
conform verb to comply with laws, rules or standards of the group.

New drugs must conform to the standards of the

conform verb to obey a law, rule, etc. Medical Research Council.

conforming adjective behaving according to certain social standards Conforming behaviour is typical in young people.

In a community there is always a certain degree

conformity noun compliance with laws, rules or standards of conformity to the norms of a particular system.

In a well-designed academic text, there is always

correct ratio of the parts or elements to each thematic congruence between all the parts of the
congruence noun other text.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Students who plan their academic essay well will

ensure that the title is congruent with the
congruent adjective fitting together introduction and conclusion.

In a well-thought-out academic text, all the parts are

thematically congruent, because everything is
congruent adjective in agreement with each other relevant to the student’s theme.

In his dissertation he attempted to connect the

connect verb establish a link between people or things economic and cultural dimensions.

A pedestrian bridge connects the main campus with

connect verb to join together the south campus.

Experienced students know how to connect the

connect verb to join together meaningfully content of the lecture to the theory.

A conjunction connects two main sentences or a main

connect verb to join together sentence and a clause.

Experienced lecturers know lecture content and

connected adjective belonging together subject principles are connected to each other.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

A clumsy writing style is often caused by the absence

connecting adjective joining different things or aspects together of linking words or connecting phrases.

An experienced lecturer frequently stresses the

connecting noun making connections between connecting of facts with subject principles.

Experienced lecturers always indicate in their lectures

the connection between lecture content and broad
connection noun a relationship between things subject principles.

The connection between the main sentence and the

connection noun a relationship between things clause is established by a conjunction.

Words have a cultural and emotional meaning or

idea or feeling which is associated with a word, connotation, in addition to their literal meaning or
connotation noun apart from the literal meaning denotation.

suggesting a secondary meaning in addition to the The connotative meaning of CAT in our house is
connotative adjective primary meaning woolly angel.

A consensual agreement was reached between the

struggling academics to better manage resources in
consensual adjective created by agreement between parties the future.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

There is no consensus among scientists on the causes

consensus noun general agreement of breast cancer.

to respond favourably or give an affirmative reply Since she is of age, her parents do not have to consent
consent verb to on her behalf.

By common consent, the board decided to ban rock

consent noun agreement about something music from the campus.

You have to obtain informed consent from the

respondents before the empirical part of the research
consent noun permission to do something can commence.

An immediate consequence of the Cold War in Russia

was that military spending was cut dramatically and
consequence noun a result of something quickly.

Rainforest destruction, and the consequent damage

happening as a direct result of an event or to the environment are now of primary concern in
consequent adjective situation Central Africa.

consider verb to think about How do you consider this problem?

English Term POS English Definition English Example

to think about or give attention to something that After carefully considering her research proposal, the
consider verb you are discussing or studying research committee decided to accept it.

After the open discussion between the lecturer and

to think about or give attention to something that her students, she does consider some of their
consider verb you are discussing or studying suggestions.

They received a considerable amount of money from

considerable adjective large in number or amount or extent or degree the company to fund the project.

considerable adjective quite long He was on study leave for a considerable time.

Our wise professor always gives his considered

considered adjective which has been tought about or given attention to opinion only after deep thought.

Porcelain consists primarily of clays, feldspar or flint,

consist verb made up of and silica.

Temperament can be described as the general

consistency with which an individual reacts to certain
consistency noun the quality of always behaving in the same way situations.

Academic essays must attest to consistency regarding

consistency noun that which arises logically from what has preceded style and presentation.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

consistency noun how thick, smooth or firm a substance is The lump had a rubbery consistency.

always behaving in the same way, and continuing Government departments must be consistent in what
consistent adjective for a period of time they communicate.

The lecturer assesses his students’ assignments in a

adjective, consistent manner, because he consistently works
consistent adverb in agreement with something with the same assessment criteria.

The results of the research are consistent with the

consistent adjective be in agreement with something hypothesis.

The lecturer’s constant encouragement motivate the

constant adjective uninterrupted in time and indefinitely continuing students to succeed.

a thing, quantity or value that always stays the In the world of business the only constant is a drive
constant noun same for profit.

Reading comprises of various constituents, such as

basic decoding of information as well as
constituent noun one of the parts that combine to form a whole comprehension.

Mrs. Motsa is one of six constituent members of the

constituent adjective a voting member of an organisation organisation.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The liver, kidneys and heart are only three constituent

constituent adjective being a part of the whole components of the larger human body.

The chair constitutes a meeting so that urgent matters

constitute verb to set up or establish can be discussed.

The nine provinces constitute the Republic of South

constitute verb to form or compose Africa.

His whole idea is that if vicious people are united and

constitute verb to be something or represent something constitute power, then honest folk must do the same.

The constitution of an organisation provides

constitution noun set of established rules guidelines to members on how to manage it.

The study is constrained by time and financial

constrain verb to hold back resources.

construct verb to make by combining materials and parts The houses were constructed of stone and mud brick.

You can construct the outlines of a house by using

construct verb to build or shape four pieces of wood of the same length.

Man constructs meaning together with other people

construct verb create or shape within a specific context.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Race is largely a social construct influenced by social

construct noun a complex idea, belief or philosophy conditioning.

theory, usually based on qualitative norms, The ancient Greek construct of democracy differs
construct noun containing various conceptual elements widely from today’s.

to form something, such as an idea, sentence,

argument or piece of writing, by joining different Khulani constructed his theory from personal
construct verb words, ideas, etc. experience and research.

Meaning is, to a large extent, a jointly constructed

constructed adjective formed or built concept.

something that has been built, usually a big The builders erected a huge construction in the last
construction noun structure four months.

Students always learn a lot from prof. Cunningham’s

adjective, constructive comments at the bottom of their
constructive adverb useful and beneficial assignments.

school of thought that states that knowledge and

meaning are not neutral but socially constructed,
in other words within the context of communities Constructivism is a theory that can be used in teaching
constructivism noun and historical periods and learning foreign languages.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The reading act is a constructivist act because the

reader’s context determines the meaning of the text
constructivist adjective relating to the theory of constructivism that has been read.

Students must consult the texts of various experts in

consult verb search for information in a book the library before attempting their essays.

to go to a person, book, etc. for advice or She will consult a dictionary to check the spelling of
consult verb information the words.

to talk and exchange ideas and opinions about

something so that you can make a decision Students are encouraged to consult with lecturers
consult verb together during consultation hours.
The dying of fabrics consumes large quantities of
consume verb use up resources or materials water.

Contemporary landscape artists have discarded the

idea of a pretty picture in favour of a work of art that
contemporary adjective belonging to the present time expresses social commentary.

contemporary adjective belonging to the same time as something else Pop culture is contemporary in nature.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the general situation, events or information that is The introductory chapter of a dissertation has to
related to an idea or event and that contributes to describe the context within which the research is
context noun its understanding situated.

the words and sentences that come before and

after a particular word, and which help to make its The same word can mean different things depending
context noun meaning clear on the context.

Constructivism is a school of thought that does not

coherence in which the meaning or value of the regard knowledge as unchanging truth but as
parts is determined by the whole or by their contextual, i.e. as determined by communities within
context noun relationship, and that of the whole by the parts context.

A contextual approach to problem solving is essential,

adjective, relating to the context in which something especially where groups with diverse views are
contextual adverb happens, or to the context of a text involved.

To understand the poem, you have to contextualise it

contextualise verb put something in context in die Soweto of the mid-1970s.

The contract stipulates that the work must be

contract noun a binding agreement which can be enforced by law completed within three months.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

There is an unspoken social contract between all

contract noun mutual agreement or treaty people.

to enter into a formal agreement with someone to The carpenter was contracted to do the work on the
contract verb do something eastern side of the building.

The university annually contracts a number of

contract verb to enter into or to conclude a contract contract lecturers to reduce the teaching burden.

adjective, The parties are contractually obliged to submit a

contractual adverb according to a contract financial report annually.

to say the opposite of what you or someone has A statement he makes in a recent article contradicts a
contradict verb said before claim he made in an article published five years ago.

The vice president’s statement contradicts the facts

contradict verb to prove something as negative or false uncovered by journalists.

to make or contain statements that are completely You contradict yourself when you say you accept
contradict verb different from each other violence and you believe in a peaceful society.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

What a contradiction! The accused said yesterday that

a lack of agreement between facts, opinions or the neighbour is the culprit and today he says it’s the
contradiction noun actions neighbour’s wife.

If there are contradictions between sources you have

a lack of agreement between facts, opinions or to decide which one you believe, and find additional
contradiction noun actions evidence to support it.

a combination of two things that seem to be the

contradiction noun opposite of each other His cold eyes are a contradiction of his kind words.

He is known everywhere for his contradictory

contradictory adjective which is so diverse that it cannot all be true allegations.

which differ so much from each other that both The contradictory look in his cold eyes made his kind
contradictory adjective cannot be true or correct words seem false.

The two experts were not friendly to each other – on

contrary noun the opposite is true the contrary, they were shouting at each other.

They did not believe his story, because they have

contrary noun the opposite of what has been said or done proof to the contrary.

completely different and opposed to another This idea is contrary to the general view held by
contrary adjective belief, opinion, idea or view management.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He said that water contracts when it freezes – on the

contrary noun just the opposite contrary, it expands.

There is a sense that this runs contrary to the spirit of

contrary adjective the opposite of what has been said or done the agreement.

contrast noun stark difference The contrast between light and dark is very clear.

In the play the happy life of a simple working woman

to compare two things in order to show the is contrasted with the unhappy life of her wealthy
contrast verb differences between them employer.

compare two things and show how they clearly The lecturer contrasts the two areas of knowledge by
contrast verb differ from each other describing their conflicting characteristics.

a big difference between things, especially if you

contrast noun place them next to each other Silence and noise form a contrast.

a sharp distinction between things, especially if Contrasts were observed between the two products in
contrast noun you place them next to each other terms of price, functionality and durability.

adjective,
contrasting adverb differing in a striking way Grief and joy are contrasting emotions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

where the differences between things are shown The painter paints two contrasting faces – a laughing
contrasting adjective by comparing them with each other face and one that looks sad.

to write an article for a journal, magazine or The professor contributed many important articles to
contribute verb newspaper South Africa’s leading medical journal.

to give money or resources to achieve a particular The medical company contributed three crates of
contribute verb purpose, or to pay for something medicine to the new clinic.

Controversial topics such as cloning and embryo

freezing always cause intense controversy, because
these topics are controversial even before people
controversial adjective giving rise to disagreement start arguing about them.

Nuclear power is a controversial issue and continues

controversial adjective causing a lot of public disagreement to elicit heated debates.

Research on human cloning is often controversial

controversial adjective leading to considerable public disagreement because it raises all kinds of ethical issues.

The film about the Vietnam war has sparked fierce

controversy because of the explicit scenes of sex and
controversy noun prolonged disagreement violence.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

As a result of the controversy, the media paid even

a public discussion about an issue that many more attention to the care of animals in testing
controversy noun people strongly disagree about facilities.

Recent research on human cloning has long been

a public discussion about an issue that many shrouded in controversy because researchers disagree
controversy noun people strongly disagree about on its ethical implications.

There is a fierce controversy in the media about the

controversy noun prolonged disagreement new government appointment.

convene verb (arrange for a formal meeting) to take place The AIDS conference convened in Durban in May.

Modern art has broken away from nineteenth

convention noun the way in which something is usually done century conventions.

adjective, Her strange lifestyle does not fit our conventional way
conventional adverb according to the way something is usually done of doing things.

to move towards the same place from different Longitudinal lines converge at the poles and are the
converge verb directions, or meet or join at a particular place farthest apart at the equator.

Their points of view converge when it comes to

converge verb stop being different and become similar poverty relief.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The reader’s divergent suggestions eventually

converge verb to meet converge into one idea.

movement towards the same place from different

directions, or meeting or joining at a particular The convergence of so many railway lines in such a
convergence noun place small town is quite strange.

A question to which there is only one answer requires

adjective, convergent thinking and thus forces you to answer
convergent adverb directed at one point convergently.

The students like to converse with one another in

their own languages, even though they all study in
converse verb to carry on a discussion English.

It is generally believed that ... but the converse is also

converse noun the opposite of a fact, opinion or statement true.

Many Christians think that Charles Darwin gave up

to persuade someone to change their beliefs, believing his theory of evolution and that he
convert verb opinions or habits converted to Christianity before he died.

someone who has changed or been persuaded to

change to a different religion, political belief, She did not think she would do her shopping online,
convert noun habit, etc. but now she is a convert.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

A neutron converts into a proton when an electron is

convert verb to be changed from one form to another emitted.

to change the nature, purpose or function of Today it is easy to convert conventional DVDs into
convert verb something blue-ray discs.

to make someone realise the truth or validity of Solid evidence convinced him to believe in her
convince verb something innocence.

The Economics Department cooperates with the

Computer Science Department on all their large
co-operate verb to work together on a common project projects.

Benjamin will have to coordinate his diverse social

to bring different elements together in a activities with a systematic study plan, otherwise his
coordinate verb harmonious way studies will suffer.

Coordinated study and social activities are the key to

coordinated adjective with different elements in an efficient relationship success.

We all know how important the coordination of

the organisation of different elements so as to extracurricular activities and a study plan is for
coordination noun make them function together at the same time successful study.

core noun the most vital or central part The core of engineering is problem-solving.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

any one of two or more matters which are Certain verbs and nouns are correlates of one
correlate noun mutually related another, such as BUMP, SCREAM and WORK.

to show that there is a close connection between Inadequate prenatal care correlates strongly with
correlate verb two or more facts or figures premature birth.

to show that there is a close connection between The two researchers’ findings do not correlate with
correlate verb two or more facts or figures each other.

a connection between two things in which one Research showed a clear correlation between poverty
correlation noun thing changes as the other does and crime.

The researcher wants to know if there is a correlation

correlation noun mutual relation, connection, interdependence between poverty and crime.

There is a correlative relationship between BUMP as a

correlative adjective having a mutual relationship verb and BUMP as a noun.

The witness’s story corresponds to what can be seen

correspond verb to be compatible, similar or consistent on the video.

This paper undertakes an analysis into the significance

of jurisdiction over arbitration, the counterplea and its
counterplea noun response to opponents arguments adjudication.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Students who start reviewing shortly before their final

create verb to generate or bring about exams create endless problems for themselves.

to cause something new or original to happen or

create verb exist Government promised to create more jobs.

to cause something new or original to happen or

create verb exist Creating a well-considered argument is also an art.

It takes most students a long time to create a

to cause something new or original to happen or coherent text in which they formulate their ideas
create verb exist succinctly and clearly.

something new and original that has been created The creation of a well-written and well-considered
creation noun or established argument is also, in a sense, a form of art.

something new and original that has been created A well written academic paper can also be seen as an
creation noun or established artful creation.

involving the use of imagination to create

creative adjective something new or original The student is creative in formulating her arguments.

Students often do not know the criteria for an

criteria noun standards, benchmarks or guidelines for rating academic assignment.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a characteristic in terms of which something can The performance management system defines the
criterion noun be evaluated criteria by which employees are evaluated.

It’s very easy to be critical of others’ mistakes but

critical adjective looking for and pointing out mistakes ignore your own.

The selectors appointed by the publisher criticised

to judge the quality of something and indica`te some aspects of the novel, after which the author
criticise verb faults reviewed her manuscript and it was published.

He took the constructive criticism of his wife to heart

criticism noun analysis and judgement of merits and faults and made quite a few adjustments in the novel.

Donations of food are crucial to the survivors of the

crucial adjective of extreme importance flood.

It is possible to cultivate good habits with those who

cultivate verb develop do not yet practise them.

Video games are claimed to cultivate violence in some

cultivate verb to develop a way of thinking or behaving children.

relating to the ideas, conventions and social The cultural significance of folk festivals should not be
cultural adjective customs of a society underestimated.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Piercing of body parts is not a modern phenomenon –

culture noun a particular society at a particular time and place it has been practiced by ancient cultures.

the customs, social institutions, beliefs and arts

culture noun shared by a particular society or civilisation Khoi-San culture is still preserved in rock paintings.

activities such as art, music, literature, which are

considered important to a civilisation at a The popular culture festival in Johannesburg is
culture noun particular time drawing thousands of visitors.

The difference between the distinctive culture of the

Inuit and that of Western civilisation can be clearly
seen in their eating habits, dress, educational
culture noun ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a society methods and religious practices.

the state of being accepted or used by a lot of The word BRAAI has gained currency among English
currency noun people speakers.

the metal or paper medium of exchange that is

currency noun used at present The South African currency unit is the rand.

curricular adjective relating to a curriculum The curricular focus of schools differs.

English Term POS English Definition English Example

Teachers who are appointed to curriculate, must have

curriculate verb plan and draw up a curriculum for a subject many years of experience in teaching the subject.

If you consider the Latin origins of CURRI-, a

curriculum is the figurative path that you run to a
curriculum noun elements comprising a course of study certain goal with a particular subject content.

brief account of qualifications and previous work If you apply for a position, your application must be
curriculum vitae noun experience, sent with a job application accompanied by a full curriculum vitae.

The prize is awarded in four-year cycles – this year it is

cycle noun a periodically repeated sequence of events awarded for autobiographies.

one complete series of movements that completes The washing machine has a special cycle for wool
cycle noun an electrical, mechanical or electronic process fabrics.

information, facts, measurements or observations

data noun which are examined to find out things A questionnaire will be used to collect the data.

a discussion on a subject about which people’s The debate about firearms dominated the sitting of
debate noun opinions differ Parliament today.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

have a discussion with reasons for and against a

proposal in order to make a decision or solve a Today the Department of Social Security will debate
debate verb problem the provision of child support grants.

In my opinion the debate in Parliament lacks

discussion where participants state different reasonable thinking due to the subjectivity of
debate noun points of view speakers’ arguments.

My friend makes himself unpopular because he talks

to people at parties in a debating style when they just
debating adjective in a formal, argumentative way want social talk.

decade noun a period of ten years She taught at the university for over a decade.

to remove something from one concentration When a body decides to decentralise, the authority is
decentralise verb point and divide and distribute it transferred from the center to the periphery.

The number of new army recruits has declined from

decline verb to become smaller, fewer or weaker 20 000 to 13 000 a year.

a gradual lessening in the quantity, quality or There has been a decline in enthusiasm for long-term
decline noun importance of something research projects.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Derrida believes that texts have no final meaning,

to undermine textual meaning by highlighting because texts are constantly deconstructing
deconstruct verb inherent conflict and contradictions themselves.

philosophical school of thought that rejects the Derrida, the French father of deconstruction, rejects
generally accepted view that words in texts form a the notion that a writer’s intent determines the
deconstruction noun coherent meaning meaning of a text.

Derrida was considered one of the greatest

deconstructive adjective related to the theory of deconstruction deconstructive thinkers of his time.

There is a clear decrease in his study time, considering

decrease noun condition of becoming smaller, fewer of weaker the time he spends on his social life.

to continuously become fewer in number or less in The value of the rand can be expected to decrease
decrease verb value when the economy slows down.
to continuously become fewer in number or less in
decrease verb value The population of the area has decreased drastically.

an official order from a government or ruler that The decree guaranteed freedom of speech for the
decree noun becomes the law media.

to say that a book, movie or piece of music was

written, made or composed for someone you love
dedicate verb or respect I would like to dedicate my first book to my mother.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He dedicated his life to justice for his fellow human

dedicate verb to devote time and effort to something beings.

to form an opinion based on the information or Students often deduce a meaning from a poem that
deduce verb evidence available was not intended and cannot be motivated.

an opinion that has been based on the available From her icy attitude he made the deduction that she
deduction noun information or evidence is angry with him.

If 80% of teens participate in sports and Alan is a

teenager, one can conclude by deduction that Alan is
deduction noun reasoning from the general to the specific very likely to participate in sports.

Taking into account his poor class attendance and bad

marks, the deduction can be made that he is not
an opinion that has been based on the available interested in study or may be struggling with personal
deduction noun information or evidence problems.

adjective,
deductive adverb arguing from the general to the specific He uses a deductive approach.

through lack of opposition rather than conscious My opponent may be good, but I will prove that I
default noun choice or action didn't ascend the championship throne by default.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

something that exists or happens if you do The default option on my computer is to save my
default noun not change it intentionally work every five minutes.

to accept someone's decision or opinion because When asked about possible solutions he deferred to
defer verb you respect him or her the experts.

defer verb to delay until a later time She deferred her decision to a later date.

not containing or having enough of something that

deficient adjective is needed for proper functioning This diet is deficient in vitamin A and C.

that can be described or defined in order to

definable adjective distinguish it from something else Scientific concepts are not always easily definable.

The postgraduate student used a technical dictionary

define verb to describe something thoroughly and correctly to define technical terms in his study.

to provide the characteristics of something to In the introduction to your dissertation you need to
define verb distinguish it from other things define core concepts.

It is important that the student first properly describes

to provide the characteristics of something to the problem she is investigating before beginning her
define verb distinguish it from other things research.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

After the lecture most students understand the

defined adjective for which a definition has been provided defined concept much better.

determined in such a way that it can be Research should be conducted according to clearly
defined adjective distinguished from other things or concepts defined guidelines.

All the great figures in history had definite ideas and

definite adjective clearly defined they also conveyed their views in definitive language.

The website offers no definite answers to my

definite adjective explicit and clearly defined questions about the software.

A training group is by definition a group that

participants join to learn something, usually through
definition noun exact statement of the meaning of something experience.

to think very carefully about something so that a After having deliberated for two hours, the committee
deliberate verb decision can be made decided to support the motion.

to think very carefully about something so that a After the open discussion between the lecturer and
deliberate verb decision can be made his students, he deliberates their suggestions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The police force made a deliberate attempt at

deliberate adjective slow and determined reducing crime in the area.

The student deliberately committed plagiarism and

deliberately adverb on purpose hoped the lecturer would not see it.

The calculated deliberateness of the action was as

deliberateness noun intention shocking and surreal as the first time he’d hit her.

After considerable deliberation Rhodes and Jameson

concluded that they might successfully intervene
deliberation noun careful consideration between Kruger and the Uitlanders.

To give time for raising funds and deliberation, the

the process of thoroughly discussing and property was re-let for a year to the original
deliberation noun considering something purchaser.

The best time to deliver a lecture is in the morning,

because after lunch it is often hard to concentrate on
deliver verb give your facts.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

If you are under the delusion that only your opinions

are correct, it might be that you do not properly
delusion noun something you believe but which is not true reflect on your views.
The study program demands commitment from the
demand verb strictly require student.

In the training of inexperienced mechanics, one has to

demonstrate the dismantling of, for example, a
demonstrate verb to show or outline an action step by step carburetor in an algorithmic way.

to show that you have a certain skill, quality, She demonstrated her love for children by
demonstrate verb ability or feeling volunteering at an orphanage.

The figure below demonstrates the extent to which

demonstrate verb to show or prove something the land became less arable.

Thanks to her concrete presentation, everyone

demonstrated adjective of which a demonstration is provided understands the demonstrated principles better.

During the writing course, the author gave a

demonstration noun a practical explanation demonstration of some writing techniques.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

denotation noun literal meaning The denotation of DOG is: four-legged, barking pet.

which carries the main meaning and does not The meaning of DOG as a four-legged barking pet is
denotative adjective include feelings or opinions denotative.

On the periodic table the element sodium is denoted

denote verb to give a sign or indication of by the symbol Na.

The acronym AIDS denotes Acquired Immune

denote verb to mean or represent Deficiency Syndrome.

difficult to understand because it contains many Her writing is so dense that only other experts in the
dense adjective ideas and information, and uses difficult language field understand it.

containing many people or objects with little space The path became more indistinct with each step,
dense adjective between them eventually coming to an end in dense underbrush.

deny verb to declare that something is untrue He denied that he cheated during the test.

to reject something as false, or to refuse to

deny verb believe, accept or acknowledge something The company denied responsibility for the accident.

Food aid usually depresses food prices in the

depress verb to make the value of prices or wages lower benefitting country.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

derivable adjective which can be derived from something The answer was easily derivable from the clues.

SINGING, SANG, SINGER and SONG were formed by

derivation noun formation of a word from another word derivation from the word SING.

derivative noun a word formed from another word The word SINGER is a derivative of SING.

calculate, discover or establish something using The great problem for the Realists is how to derive the
derive verb the available information individual from the universal.
explain what something or someone is or looks
describe verb like Describe in detail how a solar-powered geyser works.

speech or writing that gives an account of what He obtained a complete description of the man, his
description noun something is like vehicle and its registration number.

account giving the characteristics of something or The lecturer asks the class: What would be a common
description noun someone description of peer assessment?

The descriptive parts in your book are usually more

descriptive adjective giving an account of what something is like convincing than the philosophical parts.

The ability to design a proper research plan is key to

design verb create something new or original successful research.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

design noun the way that something looks, works or is used The new arts building has an art nouveau design.

a detailed drawing or plan of something to show She submitted a number of designs for the fashion
design noun how it will work and how you will make it show.

a detailed plan of something that shows how it will There are serious gaps in the researcher’s research
design noun work and how you will approach it design.

create a drawing, plan or model according to The software engineers will design a text to speech
design verb which something can be made or built app for the new cell phone.

develop a drawing, plan or model according to Designing a proper research plan is the key to
design verb which something can be made, built or written successful research.

to plan or develop something that is intended for a The syllabus was designed for the five-year
design verb specific purpose programme.

an overall plan or intention that you have in your It was unclear whether the explosion was an accident
design noun mind when you do something or whether it happened by design.

which has been drawn, planned or modelled to It is evident that the academic essay was written
designed adjective show how it can be built, made or written according to a well designed scheme.

The causes of the problem were set out in a detailed

detailed adjective showing attention to detail account.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

detect verb to discover or determine The disease can be cured if it is detected early.

It was not easy, but thanks to hard work,

determination, passion and perseverance, I got it
determination noun firm intention to achieve a goal right.

The judge handed down an interim judgment ordering

solution achieved through arguments and the state not to deport the academic pending the final
determination noun reasoning determination of the case.

determine verb to discover the facts about something The financial needs of students must be determined.

If astronomers can determine the distance between

to supply a detailed description of something, or galaxies, humans will begin to realise the enormity of
determine verb to calculate something meticulously the universe.

The research team was able to point out that the form
which causes something to happen in a particular of the land exercises a determining influence on the
determining adjective way climate of the region.

The great emphasis on writing skills is to the

detriment noun disadvantage or damage, harm or loss detriment of speaking skills.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

We developed interesting new ideas during the group

develop verb to produce a new idea, method, system or product session.

develop verb gradually grow and become bigger The seedling developed into a flowering plant.

The company developed a new system to use less

develop verb to produce a new idea, method, system or product electricity.

Your are unable to further develop your argument

because you do not systematically expound your
develop verb extend further thoughts.

The biggest challenge for students who want to think

develop verb to grow and become mature in an academic way is to develop other points of view.

If you want to think like an adult, the biggest

challenge is that you need to develop the ability to
develop verb make or become more advanced respect the views of others.

In the developed world, the percentage of farmers

dropped from more than 90 percent to 4 percent in
developed adjective which has grown and changed the last two centuries.

In developing countries, many people depend on

developing adjective growing or changing subsistence farming.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The Greek philosopher Socrates was known for his

development noun process of growth and improvement development of critical thinking in students.

There is no development of an argument in her essay,

development noun progress and change taking place only the accumulation of facts without a logical flow.

development noun building process or new buildings a new urban development

do something in a way that is different from the The plane had to deviate from its usual route due to a
deviate verb usual, accepted way storm.

movement away from what is expected or The deviation from the usual word order results in the
deviation noun acceptable reader reading the sentence with greater attention.

Deviant behaviour patterns are often found in drug

deviatory adjective which differs from an accepted standard or norm addicts.

device noun a tool or device designed for a specific purpose Internet access is available on a variety of devices.

to plan, work out or invent something complicated The strategic maneuvers devised by the general
devise verb or clever in your mind caught the enemy's troops off guard.

to plan, work out or invent something complicated The engineer devised a clever plan to save the bridge
devise verb or clever in your mind from the flood waters.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the act of thinking or planning something Considerable artistry is asked for in the devising of
devising noun complicated or clever labyrinths and mazes.

to give most of your attention or time to

devote verb something or someone He devoted himself to educating street children.

to put in a lot of effort or spend a lot of time on The dean devoted the first part of his speech to an
devote verb something explanation of the university's language policy.

a simple line drawing, sketch or plan which

explains or illustrates what something looks like or The diagrams in the engineering textbook made the
diagram noun how it works work easier to understand.

The book can be read as a long-

intellectual exchange of ideas, discussion and running dialectic between individualism and
dialectic noun reasoning by dialogue communalism.

Writers of argumentative texts use a dialectical style

dialectical adjective making use of logical thinking and discussion when they contradict one another.

It is oversimplification to dichotomise the population

dichotomise verb to divide into two incompatible groups of a country into opposing poor and rich classes.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

It is over-simplification to apply the dichotomy of, for

example, white and black, right and wrong, concrete
division into two mutually exclusive groups or and abstract, male and female to all situations or
dichotomy noun classes people.

If you reason in terms of X versus Y, your reasoning is

dicotomous adjective characterised by dichotomy dichotomous.

Her selection of research sites was dictated by

dictate verb to control how something happens availability.

to tell someone how they should behave and what The education department dictates many things to
dictate verb they must do schools.

which aims to teach and impart knowledge and Our lecturer uses interesting didactic techniques to
didactic adjective wisdom keep our attention.

All teachers had to take both general didactics and

didactics noun something that teaches or intends to teach subject didactics as a subject during their training.

The third data set differed significantly from the

differ verb be different from something or somebody second.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

They differed so strongly in their view of the problem

that they had to call in a facilitator to help them solve
differ verb to be different or have a different opinion the problem.

The difference between relevant and irrelevant

a way in which one person or thing is different articles lies in the extent to which the article fits in
difference noun from another with the theme of your assignment.

The two parties solve their problems in different ways,

different adjective not like someone or something else because they approach problems in different ways.

In some countries tax law differentiates between

differentiate verb to treat one differently from the other married and unmarried individuals.

to recognise or show what makes one thing A good reader differentiates between relevant and
differentiate verb different from another irrelevant information in a text.

If you are looking for sources for your assignment, you

should be able to distinguish between relevant and
differentiate verb to see the difference between things irrelevant articles.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Differentiated teaching accommodates differences

differentiated adjective where a difference has been made between learners in different ways.

Differentiation between relevant and irrelevant

differentiation noun process of distinguishing between things textual information is an essential reading skill.

The translation, which is diffuse, fails to reproduce the

diffuse adjective vague, indirect or difficult to understand or explain spirit of the original.

to make available and spread over a wide area or The facts about AIDS have been diffused across rural
diffuse verb to many people Africa.

It is difficult for health workers to reach the diffuse

diffuse adjective spread out over a large area population in rural areas.

to think about a lot of difficult information so that

digest verb you can understand it He found the feedback difficult to digest.

a part of a situation that affects your opinion The dimension of quality has not been included in the
dimension noun about it evaluation instrument.

I’m going to bring my special glasses, because the film

dimensional adjective relating to dimentions is three-dimensional.

dimensions noun the length, width and height of something What are the dimensions of a king-size bed?
English Term POS English Definition English Example

One's ability to enjoy life is significantly diminished by

diminish verb to make or become less or weaker. poor health.

to be aware of something or understand it after

discern verb looking at it or thinking about it carefully Kant discerned an overall pattern in human history.

a point of view shared by a specific social group, She contributed to the discourse on liberalism in
discourse noun often expressed in writing Africa.

In scientific discourse it is essential to give hard facts

discourse noun the language used in a particular context and evidence.

Examples of discourse markers are words such as

words in a text, lecture, speech or paper that help CONSEQUENTLY, THEREFORE, ON THE CONTRARY,
readers and listeners to follow the discourse with SUCH, ABOVE, THIS, SUBSEQUENTLY, FIRSTLY,
discourse markers noun ease FINALLY, INTRODUCTORY, etc.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a way of reading comprehension in which the

reader, with the help of thematic keywords, link
words and argument markers, follows the course
of the theme through the text and better When one uses discourse reading, it is immediately
understands the coherence or connection evident if the author has used the necessary discourse
discourse reading noun between the thematic units markers to guide the reader through the text.

The students do discourse reading to determine the

theme of the text and determine how many broad
discourse reading noun reading a broad outline of a text thematic units it consists of.

careful not to let other people see or notice As I didn't want to be seen I walked a discrete
discrete adjective something distance behind her.

The research findings were discussed in detail in his

discuss verb to talk or write about something in detail doctoral thesis.

to consider a problem or an issue from more than

discuss verb one point of view The essay discusses the pros and cons of euthanasia.

that has been talked about or considered from

discussed adjective more than one viewpoint The discussed facts did not convince me.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the process of talking about something and I listened to her discussion on the freedom of the
discussion noun considering it from different angles press with reference to the rights of individuals.

When one has to solve complex problems, it is

important to be able to disentangle so that you can
separate yourself or remove something from a also approach them objectively from other
disentangle verb situation perspectives.

For successful disentanglement, you need to be able

to look at an issue from the point of view of others
and really try to understand it, especially if your point
disentanglement noun becoming free of prejudices of view differs from theirs.

The security guards dispersed the angry crowd outside

disperse verb separate and let go in different directions the building.

disperse verb to spread over a wide area The seeds of the dandelion are dispersed by the wind.

In her autobiography she writes about having been

displace verb force to move from one place to another displaced many times during her school career.

to put something in a place where people can

display verb come to see it Learners displayed their projects at the science expo.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Research has found that people are more favourably

disposed to people with personalities similar to their
dispose verb have a good attitude towards own.

transfer control of something to someone else, for The trust may not dispose of its assets unless all the
dispose verb example by selling it trustees are in support.

dispose verb to get rid of something Domestic waste is disposed of by municipal services.

somebody who arranges something or makes If you study committed to your own study timetable,
disposer noun things happen you are the disposer of your own future.

His disposition is to always see the good in other

disposition noun the natural qualities of a person’s character. people.

The student who maintains a cheerful disposition in

disposition noun the natural qualities of a person’s character spite of difficulties will eventually achieve success.

dispute verb argue about or question something These matters are in dispute.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

When phoning the bank to confirm a deposit, it is

important to check whether it was cheque or cash,
requesting written confirmation, as verbal assurances
dispute verb to question whether something is true can be disputed.

an argument or disagreement between countries,

dispute noun people or groups The two countries are involved in a dispute.

an argument or disagreement between countries, If the two parties cannot resolve their dispute soon,
dispute noun people or groups the case will eventually end up in court.

It is important for researchers to disseminate their

disseminate verb spread widely research results to the broad research community.

The dissemination of research results is to the benefit

dissemination noun the process of making something widely known of the academic community.

a long piece of writing about a particular subject An example of a dissertation is a document that a
that is done to earn an advanced degree at a postgraduate student writes to complete a master’s
dissertation noun university programme or degree.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

expel something or make it less strong until it His fear dissipated when he met his opponent face to
dissipate verb disappears completely face.
to officially end or break up an organisation or
dissolve verb institution The marriage was dissolved in 2019.

The professor has distinct ideas about how a research

distinct adjective clear and definite project should be run.

The distinct characteristics of the dinosaur is

distinct adjective clearly different or separate described in this chapter.

A distinction is made between written and spoken

distinction noun a clear difference language.

My brother passed all his subjects with distinction

distinction noun excellence that sets someone apart from others through sustained dedication and discipline.

having a quality or characteristic that makes it

distinctive adjective different and easy to recognise The lemon juice gives the dish a distinctive flavour.

distinctive adjective clearly different from other things The distinctive feature of iron oxide is its red colour.

They don't differ much from their peers in what they

do. This lack of distinctiveness destroys their chance,
distinctiveness noun the quality of being different as beginners, to effectively make their mark.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to report or explain something so that its real He was accused of distorting the facts in his
distort verb meaning changes and it becomes untrue testimony.

Her face was distorted with anger as she ran out of

distort verb to change the shape of something the room.

distort verb to change the sound of something The sound was distorted.

to divide or share out things such as food, Volunteers distributed food to the starving victims of
distribute verb medicine, or books among several people famine.

The seeds must be distributed evenly over the

distribute verb to spread over a certain area flowerbed.

The distributed food parcels came from private

distributed adjective given or sent to different people donators.

the process of handing out or distributing The food and clothes are collected for distribution
distribution noun something among the needy.

Certain assignments require the student to diverge by

diverge verb deviate or turn away from a given direction considering alternative possibilities as an answer.

when something that used to be the same or

similar to something else becomes different or We used to work together, but at a certain point our
diverge verb develops differently interests diverged and we had to part company.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to separate and go from a common point in

diverge verb different directions Her study will diverge into three related branches.

The path follows the course of the river for a while,

diverge verb deviate from or turn away from a given direction but diverges from the river in order to head into town.

The results show that convergence (consensus)

the ability to accommodate alternative dominates in corporate spheres rather than
divergence noun possibilities divergence.

adjective, characterised by development in different Certain class assignments require the student to think
divergent adverb directions divergently.

The opinions of the members of the committee are

diverse adjective showing a large variety diverse.

Engineers came up with various solutions to repair the

diverse adjective very different from one another bridge across the Vaal River.

diverse adjective very different from one another The region was occupied by many diverse tribes.

situation where there are different forms of the The diversity of schools of thought within the same
diversity noun same thing faculty is astounding.
range of people or things that are very different There is a diversity of languages being taught at the
diversity noun from one another university.

the process of dividing things into different groups According to Marx the division between rich and poor
division noun or parts determined all other issues.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

strictly defined religious acceptance with firm In the Roman Catholic Church, the dogma of Mary’s
fundamental beliefs, followed by the adherents of Immaculate Conception demonstrates the
doctrine noun a particular religion or denomination overwhelming grace of God.

Dennett points out that it took more than a century

set of beliefs or theory which is accepted as the for Copernicus' 1543 doctrine that Earth was not the
doctrine noun truth centre of the universe to be accepted.

a set of beliefs or principles, especially ones that My purpose in this chapter will not be to persuade the
doctrine noun form a main part of a philosophy, religion, etc. reader of any political doctrine.

printed text and graphics for a specific purpose,

document noun e.g. to provide information These documents will serve as proof in the court case.

The phenomenon has been documented by various

document verb to create a record of something researchers.

Jean Jacques Rousseau’s dogma of equality, freedom

dogma noun concept, theory or view accepted as truth and fraternity still has a very strong influence today.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

adjective, Traditional Christians dogmatically follow the doctrine

dogmatic adverb completely certain that your beliefs are right of Christ’s virgin birth.

Jean Jacques Rousseau’s principle of equality,

adjective, freedom and fraternity is still dogmatically followed in
dogmatic adverb according to a dogma some countries today.

adjective, The dogmatic pursuit of any ideology is dangerous and

dogmatic adverb according to dogma restrictive.

My brother’s dogmatic statements about dress, eating

adjective, habits and music scare people off because he doesn't
dogmatic adverb adhering to priciples (dogma) as undeniable truth tolerate opinions other than his own.

His offensive dogmatisations annoy everyone,

because he firmly believes in the truth of his own
the proclamation of something as absolute truth unproven statements and does not heed anyone
dogmatisation noun without the necessary evidence else’s opinions.

Centuries ago, Jean Jacques Rousseau dogmatised

that the principle of equality, freedom and fraternity
dogmatise verb to accept something as the truth without evidence is the only valid truth.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The less we dogmatise about religion, the less we will

dogmatise verb to define or proclaim doctrines be influenced by second-rate commentaries.

Based on his research, the domain of epidemic

domain noun area of knowledge or activity diseases of plants was opened up to investigation.

to be the most important person or thing in a AIDS issues dominate debates on primary health care
dominate verb situation in South Africa.

to control or have a strong influence over It was important to France to dominate the valleys of
dominate verb something or someone the Alps and the Rhine.

word pair with almost the same form and Doublets are word pairs with almost the same form
meaning, e.g. CRITICAL and CRITICISM, PAIR and and meaning, for instance skirt and shirt, pair and
doublet noun COUPLE couple.
Some doubt has been cast upon the authenticity of
doubt noun a degree of distrust the painting.

doubt verb to be sceptical about There is sufficient evidence to doubt her claims.

draft noun any version of a document before the final version I have completed the first draft of my assignment.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The government tabled the proposal as a draft for a

draft noun first (preliminary) plan or design first round of discussions.

draft verb to compile a first or preliminary version She drafted a preliminary version of the report.

Anthropological dualism teaches, for instance, that

man is composed of soul and body, while physical
dualism teaches that reality is composed of spirit and
dualism noun view about or state of duality matter.

The Chinese and especially the Taoists believe that

the human psyche is both dualistic and holistic,
because the opposing forces Yin (female, dark,
passive) and Yang (male, light and active) complement
dualistic adjective which possesses the property of duality each other.

condition, property or fact that something consists

duality noun of two members or constituents Man is widely seen as a duality of mind and body.

the period of time during which something For the duration of the lecture, students are not
duration noun continues allowed to leave the lecture hall.

full of energy, new and exciting ideas, and He was a dynamic doctor who revitalised the whole
dynamic adjective ambitious clinic.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

active, energetic and continuously moving or Educational reform has to be a dynamic process to
dynamic adjective changing keep up with students’ changing needs.

dynamic noun something that causes change or action Capitalism is a dynamic of economic change.

the ways in which things or people behave, react His book was the first successful attempt to analyse
dynamics noun and affect one another the dynamics of the system.

People who leave cigarette butts in the field are

ecologically insensitive and a danger to the well-being
ecological adjective related to ecology or living organisms of the earth.

the branch of biology that deals with the relations

of organisms to one another and to their physical Modern man harms ecology with his thoughtless
ecology noun surroundings misuse of natural resources.

A country’s economic climate is evident in, among

economic adjective relating to the state economy other things, food prices and interest rates.

related to trade, industry and development of The relative value of currency is directly linked to the
economic adjective wealth economic stability of a country.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The mining group must investigate more economic

economic adjective providing sufficient profit to continue ways of extracting ore.

the system of production, distribution and The economy suffered because of a cycle of droughts
economy noun consumption and floods.

The diesel engine performs the same as petrol

economy noun the use of the minimum resources engines, but with greater fuel economy.

the state of a country or region in terms of the

production and consumption of goods and services One can observe the struggling economy of a country
economy noun and the supply of money in rising food prices and interest rates.

to correct and adapt the content of an article, She edited the student magazine before it was sent to
edit verb book or film to prepare it for publication the printers.

which has been corrected and adapted in order to A good publisher ensures that all texts that are
edited adjective prepare it for publication published are thoroughly edited.

removal of irrelevant content, misspellings, clumsy

and misleading phrasing and poor sentence The editing of a thesis should be left to a professional
editing noun structure text editor.

The negative effect of drugs on adolescents cannot be

effect noun result or influence denied.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The article deals with the effects of global warming on

effect noun result or influence Sub-Saharan Africa.

having the qualities or resources required to meet Combining different teaching methods in the
effective adjective a task classroom is more effective than using only one.

the ability of something to produce the desired The researchers assessed the efficacy of sports
efficacy noun results training.

In a follow-up report the company elaborated on the

to describe in detail and provide a lot of implementation of its strategy to increase
elaborate verb information productivity.

very detailed and complex, often with many The scientists spent years developing an elaborate
elaborate adjective different parts and carefully developed plan to combat malaria.

one of the individual parts making up a larger The building of a new student centre is the key
element noun entity element in the rector’s plan to upgrade the campus.

The first lecture deals with the elements of good

element noun one of the basic or typical parts of something design.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a small quantity of something, such as risk, truth

element noun or surprise All investments contain an element of risk.

His theory is unscientific because it contains

one of the individual parts making up a larger subjective ideological elements that undermine the
element noun entity objective character of science.

Some people think knowledge of the characteristics of

research is elementary, but many others find it very
elementary adjective relating to the basics of a subject complex.

to give someone or something a more important Her desire was to elevate Russian to one of the
elevate verb position literary languages of Europe
to increase the amount, intensity or pressure of Smoking and obesity can elevate bad cholesterol
elevate verb something levels.

to do or say something, such as asking a question, The use of closed questions elicited specific
to get someone else to respond or give information concerning the demographic
elicit verb information characteristics of the respondents.

Writers should always use spell-checkers to eliminate

eliminate verb end or do away with unnecessary errors.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

When a student quotes a fairly long sentence from a

source, she can use the ellipse and omit less
ellips noun omission of words, indicated by three dots important words to focus on the keywords.

A sentence is elliptical if the writer omits words from

elliptical adjective making use of ellipsis the sentence and indicates the omissions with 3 dots.

visibly expressive, showing an emotion or meaning Her paintings are an eloquent reminder of the power
eloquent adjective without using words and beauty of nature.

able to express your opinions or ideas well, in

speech or in writing, especially in a way that
eloquent adjective affects other people His speeches were always eloquent and powerful.

to be an expression or symbol of an idea, principle

embody verb or quality Nelson Mandela embodied the spirit of reconciliation.

to include something, such as a group of people, People around the world have turned against their
embrace verb ideas or things, in a topic, discussion or category communist regimes and embraced democracy.

to accept something, such as an idea or a belief or After having embraced Judaism she changed her
embrace verb new opinion, and to support it eagerly name to Hadassah.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

It emerged from the court case that the suspect’s

emerge verb to come out into view or become clear fingerprints were on the murder weapon.

Microsoft emerged as the leading computer software

emerge verb to come into existence or become known company.

to come from another country to settle in this He can leave South Africa and emigrate to the USA to
emigrate verb country work there.

The fundamental feature of the book is the emphasis

emphasis noun special importance or significance placed on human reason.

The article places great emphasis on feminism and the

emphasis noun special importance or significance role of women in eighteenth-century politics.

The lecturer underlines each topic sentence in the

emphasise verb to stress or highlight text to emphasise the core issues.

The dietician emphasised the value of exercise in

emphasise verb to stress or highlight weight-loss.

Write the emphasised words in italics rather than

emphasised adjective bearing stress or accent underlining them.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Einstein’s theory that gravity can bend light has been

empirically proven when astronomers could observe
derived from experiment and observation in the this phenomenon during a solar eclipse with
empirical adjective real world, rather than theory sophisticated instruments.

The empirical part of her research included interviews

derived from experiment and observation in the with the parents of the patients, and observation of
empirical adjective real world, rather than theory the therapy sessions.

Empiricism is the belief that experience is the basis of

empiricism noun experience as basis for knowledge all knowledge.

Empiricism allows the facts to speak for themselves,

the belief that knowledge is based on the evidence and attempts to omit the interpretation of the
empiricism noun of experience or experiments researcher as far as possible.

school of thought hat derives knowledge Because he believes in empiricism, he was looking for
empiricism noun exclusively or mainly from experience answers from his research.

Libraries empower pupils by giving them the freedom

to enable someone to gain greater control over his to make their own choices about reading and learning
empower verb or her life or situation experiences.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Empowered students criticise first themselves before

empowered adjective with the authority or power to do something they look for the fault somewhere else.

The true educator believes in empowerment and

empowerment noun authority or power given to someone teaches her students how to think critically.

Free internet access will enable more people to work

enable verb to provide the means to perform a task from home.

A child who is encircled by caring parents and family

encircle verb to form a circle around something or someone members should develop into a balanced adult.

Estuaries encompass broad ecosystems that usually

extend many miles beyond the open waters of a bay
encompass verb to include a range or a large number of things or lagoon.

There was a violent encounter between the protesters

encounter noun an unexpected convergence and the government officials.

They encountered many problems during the pilot

encounter verb to come across or find unexpectedly phase of the project.

enduring adjective lasting over a period of time Cartoons have a universal and enduring appeal.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the effort and attention which someone uses to do He applied all his energy to winning a gold medal in
energy noun something or achieve something the marathon.

enforce verb to compel to behave in a certain way Medical law is a tool for enforcing medical ethics.

The proposed research should enhance our

enhance verb to make better or more attractive understanding of Alzheimer’s disease.

to explain something to someone so that they I don’t know much about the testing process: Could
enlighten verb have a greater knowledge or understanding of it you enlighten me?

Enlightened thinkers such as the brilliant physicist

Isaac Newton and the mathematician Rene Descartes
enlightened adjective having a rational, modern, well-informed outlook are also considered enlightened scientists.

intellectual European tendency of the late 18th

century in response to the excessive influence of
tradition and religion on human thought and During the Enlightenment people began to free
freedom – a continuation of liberation that began themselves from the power of the Church and the
Enlightenment noun with the Renaissance State.

to improve the quality of something, usually by Reading can enrich your understanding and
enrich verb adding something to it appreciation of a language.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Three data sources were used to ensure the validity of

ensure verb to make certain the research.
a thing which is perceived to have its own distinct
entity noun existence The state and the legal system are separate entities.

The question required students to enumerate the

enumerate verb to name or mention a list of things one by one causes of black-spot disease on citrus fruit.

The concluding chapter of her dissertation is

enumerative adjective listing everything that is contained in a whole enumerative in nature.

surrounding conditions, circumstances, situations, The business case study required a thorough analysis
environment noun people or events which affect something of the business environment.

surrounding conditions, circumstances, situations,

people or events which affect the life of someone The social environment plays an important role in the
environment noun or something development of a child.

an event, incident or short period of time during

which something specific, important or unusual In the last episode of the soapie the main character
episode noun happens dies.

a period in history – a number of years that can be

epoch noun regarded as a unit The 21st century is an epoch of growing uncertainty.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to consider or describe two or more things as the In his conference paper he equated discrimination
equate verb same, similar or closely connected with violence.

Exploitation of the Antarctic continent could have

devastating repercussions as the stability of the
a controlled balance between opposing forces, continent is essential to the climatic and ecological
equilibrium noun influences or aspects of a situation equilibrium of the Southern Hemisphere.

to provide somebody with the necessary items to The programme equipped him with the knowledge
equip verb perform a certain function and skills to find employment soon after graduation.

to provide somebody with the necessary items or Successful students ensure that they equip
equip verb skills to perform a certain function themselves with the necessary study skills.

Strategic reading and thinking techniques can be seen

the necessary items or skills to perform a certain in the metaphorical sense as the thoughtful student’s
equipment noun function study “equipment”.

having the items or skills to perform a certain Countries such as America, Britain and China are
equipped adjective function equipped with the most modern weapons.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

with the same value, function or meaning as Although they had different responsibilities on the
equivalent adjective something or someone else project, they received equivalent pay and recognition.

era noun time period, usually in history We live in an era of globalisation and super-diversity.

erode verb break down or destroy The series of misfortunes eroded his self-confidence.

He erred in gossiping about his colleagues to people

err verb to make a mistake who knew them personally and was caught out.

adjective, not following a fixed pattern and characterised by Her behaviour was erratic and the guard became
erratic adverb many changes suspicious so he followed her.

error noun something that was done wrong It was clear that the plane crashed due to pilot error.

The literary critic writes an essay and the student a

essay noun a short text on a particular subject paper.

The true researcher will try to penetrate into the

essence noun intrinsic nature, mostly something abstract essence of the problem.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The most striking feature of wisdom is the ability to

distinguish between the appearance and the essence
essence noun inherent nature of a person or thing of things.

The research was essential for ensuring the provincial

essential adjective extremely important or necessary administration improves its efficiency.

to create or begin something which is expected to It is time for the department of education to establish
establish verb exist or last for a long time cultural studies at institutions of learning.
He is currently attempting to establish what
establish verb to find out the facts about something happened.

to create or begin something such as an

organisation, fund or activity, which is expected to She established an organisation to feed and clothe the
establish verb exist or last for a long time homeless.

The head of the faculty has established an attitude of

establish verb to make something to last accountability with its staff.

the creation of something which is expected to The students of the new residence are furious about
establishment noun exist or last for a long time the establishment of certain new regulations.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The establishment of a unique Institute for Disaster

the creation of something which is expected to Studies is a step forward in the management of
establishment noun exist or last for a long time disasters worldwide.

all the property and money that someone owns

estate noun when he or she dies Her estate is worth R3 million.

Researchers estimate that two thirds of the 6 700

to judge the approximate value, number or languages spoken world wide will have disappeared
estimate verb quantity of something by the year 2100.

die benaderde waarde, aantal of hoeveelheid van The assessor estimates the damage to my car at R15
estimate verb iets beoordeel 000.

According to the latest estimate, South Africa will

show a negative growth rate this year and in the
estimate noun rough calculation coming years.

to judge the approximate value, number or I estimate that the damage to my car will amount to
estimate verb quantity of something about R15 000.

roughly calculated without sufficient facts or The estimated 150 000 homeless residents were
estimated adjective relevant information promised jobs and homes.

roughly calculated without sufficient facts or Customs officials found cigarettes with an estimated
estimated adjective relevant information street value of R4,7 million
English Term POS English Definition English Example

By the end of the day it was clear that the initial

estimation noun a rough calculation estimation of 1 800 houses damaged was too low.

Her work ethic is so strong that she will work through

ethic noun moral belief that influences the way you act the night rather than miss a deadline.

It is ethical to think about your own actions before

ethical adjective relating to ethical principles criticising others.

Private secretaries must be capable of being trusted

with confidential information and must have complete
ethical adjective related to beliefs about what is right and wrong integrity and high ethical standards.

Individual ethics is the ethics that studies the

ethics noun the science of norms, laws and values obligations of man towards himself.

principles of right and wrong for an individual or

ethics noun group The organisation strongly adheres to a code of ethics.

relating to a particular group of people and their

ethnic adjective traditions and customs South Africa has a wide variety of ethnic groups.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Etymological information can help one to better

etymological adjective related to the original meaning and origin of words understand and remember a word or phrase.

The etymology of words can be found in good

etymology noun the origin and basic meaning of words etymology dictionaries.

indication or definition of something offensive or

unpleasant by a name or expression that sounds It is an euphemism to say that someone has passed
euphemism noun less unpleasant away, instead of saying he is dead.

euphemistic adjective making use of an euphemism There are many euphemistic sayings.

to judge the value of something on the basis of They evaluated various software packages with regard
evaluate verb criteria and facts to utility, economy and functionality.

to judge the value of something on the basis of The lecturer evaluates her students’ progress using a
evaluate verb criteria and facts number of assessment methods.

Thanks to the lecturer’s excellent test feedback, the

relating to something of which the value has been evaluated students were even better prepared for the
evaluated adjective judged on the basis of facts or other criteria final exam.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

process of determining quality, ability or The evaluation of a manuscript is done by literary

evaluation noun significance experts on behalf of the publisher.

process of determining quality, ability or The student evaluations must be completed by the
evaluation noun significance end of the semester.

process of determining quality, ability or The lecturer’s evaluation throughout the year shows
evaluation noun significance what the students do not understand

In this paper, an evaluative review is offered of

based on a process of determining quality, ability research done by the team in the field of corpus
evaluative adjective or significance linguistics.

The eventual aim of land redistribution is to make up

eventual adjective expected to happen sometime in the future for the wrongs of the past.

The frustrations and discontent of people are evident

evident adjective easy to notice every day.

to produce a memory or an image or idea in

evoke verb someone’s mind The play evoked memories of a happy childhood.

The project has evolved from a small community

evolve verb to develop gradually project into a nationwide campaign.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The archaeologist will carefully examine the skeleton

recently found in the Eastern Cape to determine its
examine verb to study carefully age.

It is your task to examine the sociological causes of

examine verb to study an idea or object carefully child abuse.

In a good argument, statements are always illustrated

something concrete (an object or a situation) that with appropriate examples to convince the reader or
example noun illustrates a concept or statement listener.

exceed verb to be better than some standard A real object cannot exceed the speed of light.
to be more or greater in number than something
exceed verb else He is bankrupt because his liabilities exceed his assets.

Students who excel in their specific subject areas

excel verb do something very well often receive academic awards.

Students are highly motivated to work hard in order

excel verb do something very well to excel in tasks and receive rewards.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

When you insert an excerpt from a text into your own

writing, you place it between quotation marks with
excerpt noun an abstract from a text, film, piece of music, etc. the source reference in brackets.

excess noun more than is necessary The tests show an excess of sodium in her blood.

exclude verb to not allow someone to participate in something The staff were excluded from the protests on campus.

The package has been structured so as to exclude cost

exclude verb to not include something increases.

to carry out a plan or do something you have Tasks that have not been executed by 15 December
execute verb agreed to do have to stand over.

critical interpretation of a text, especially of the I know of three German theologians who made
exegesis noun Bible brilliant exegeses of the New Testament.

someone who elucidates a text, especially the Two of my theology lectureres are excellent exegetes
exegete noun Bible of the New Testament.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The lexicon draws attention to related meanings of

relating to exegesis or the interpretation of a text, different words in the Bible and is of utmost
exegetic adjective especially the Bible importance for the exegetical study of the Bible text.

He was cautioned by the doctor not to exert himself

exert verb make a strong effort physically or mentally during exercise.

to use power, influence, authority or pressure to He exerts great influence on the other board
exert verb make something happen members.

The artist’s paintings will be exhibited at the opening

exhibit verb to show or display of the art gallery.

exist verb to live To be is to exist.

Many theories exist about the increasing global

exist verb to be there warming we are experiencing.

exist verb to be present in the universe Good and evil exist in all human beings.

The existence of numerous theories of increasing

existence noun presence in the world global warming does not help to solve the problem.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a philosophical theory or approach which

emphasises the existence of the individual person
as a free and responsible agent determining his or The rise of existentialism in the 1950s seriously
existentialism noun her own development through acts of the will damaged the power of churches and clergy.

The idea is existentialist: only through bodily pain is

existentialist adjective relating to existentialism man assured of the authenticity of his existence.

The existing political system is based on the principle

existing adjective happening or being used now of the empowerment of the strongest political party.

During the 1970s social welfare programmes

expand verb to make or become bigger or wider expanded rapidly.

They need expert advice on marketing the

expert adjective very skilled or good technologically advanced product.

expert noun a person with special knowledge and experience She is an expert on global warming.

The methodology section explains how the

explain verb to tell in a way that makes it easy to understand participants were selected.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Students prefer lecturers who explain new concepts in

simple language so that everyone can understand
explain verb to make something clear by describing it in detail them.

The theory explains why so many teenagers display

explain verb to give reasons for something risk behaviour.

The economist supplies the journalist with an

description or statement that makes something explanation of the events that led to the sudden
explanation noun clear collapse of world markets.

The explanatory notes in the margin help the reader

explanatory adjective serving to explain something to better understand the text.

highlight the meaning of something by explicitly

stating it so that everyone understands what is
explicate verb meant The lawyer asked the defendant to explicate.

explicate verb to make clear, explicit and comprehensible You have to explicate the rationale for the study.

Explication is needed when explaining imagery in a

explication noun elucidating explanation poem.

precisely and clearly expressed with no attempts The director gave explicit reasons for dismissing the
explicit adjective to hide anything project leader.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

In their planning documents employers must give

precisely and clearly expressed with no attempts explicit indications of how they intend implementing
explicit adjective to hide anything the new policy.

Viewers are warned against explicit language and

explicit adjective stated or shown clearly and in detail scenes.

Traders on the stock exchange exploited the weak

exploit verb to use or manipulate to one’s advantage rand to make money.

to treat someone unfairly, e.g. to use their work or

ideas without giving them credit in order to get
exploit verb money or advantage for yourself She felt that the tragedy was exploited by the media.

a person who supports or explains an idea, plan,

theory or belief and tries to persuade others that it The professor is a leading exponent of herbal
exponent noun is useful or good medicine.
the sale of products or materials to another
export noun country Profits from the export of alcohol are heavily taxed.

export noun something that is sold to another country Wine is an important export for South Africa.

send something to another country or sell

export verb something abroad South Africa exports wine to the rest of the world.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to introduce something such as an activity or idea German ideas on education have been exported to
export verb to another country rural Africa.

An independent audit of the entire civil service in the

province has exposed a lack of even basic
expose verb to show or make visible management skills.

extensive adjective large in amount, degree or size His extensive research requires extra funding.

The accident received extensive coverage from the

extensive adjective including a lot of information and details media.

The external pressure must be higher than the

external adjective on the outside internal pressure for the expansion to take place.

substance that has been obtained from another

extract noun substance by means of a particular process. Almond extract gives rice pudding a lovely flavour.

to obtain something from something else, using a

extract verb chemical or industrial process or machine Iron is extracted from iron ore.

The broken piece was extracted from the machine

extract verb to remove, usually with some force or effort using pliers.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

If you extract a section from a text and insert it

verbatim into your own assignment, you place it
to take a short piece of writing or information between quotation marks with the source reference
extract verb from a book etc. in brackets.

a small part of a book, piece of music, etc. which is This extract from the novel shows how poor children
extract noun printed or published on its own can be exploited in cities.

The university is serious about facilitating access for

facilitate verb to make something easier or allow it to happen economically disadvantaged students.

to make something easier in order to reach a He set up a players committee to facilitate better
facilitate verb specific goal communication between players and management.

District municipalities have a crucial role to play in

facilitation adjective process of facilitation economic development, planning and facilitation.

Her facilitation is so good that all beginner speakers

facilitation noun making a process easier participate in the conversation classes with ease.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

She is a competent facilitator who knows exactly how

to make the beginner speakers feel at ease and lets
facilitator noun someone who makes a process easier them speak with enough confidence.
It is a fact that the earth rotates around the sun every
fact noun something that can be proven 24 hours.

information used as evidence in an argument, The scientist systematically sets out the facts in his
fact noun publication or report argument.

a small group within a larger group, which has The rival factions in the political party cannot reach an
faction noun opposing ideas to the main part of the group agreement.

Education is a key factor in raising awareness of

factor noun anything that contributes causally to a result health issues in a population.

factor noun fact or circumstance contributing to a result Discuss all the factors that lead to global warming.

to include in your calculations on how much She forgot to factor in the painter’s wages when she
factor in verb something will cost, how long it will take, etc. estimated how much painting the house would cost.

An argument without a factual basis is just a set of

factual adjective based on or containing facts opinions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

An argument is usually supported by factual

factual adjective based on or containing facts information.

a false or mistaken idea or belief, based on It is a fallacy that the Scots are stingy, in fact, they give
incorrect information or faulty reasoning, which more to charity than any other group in the British
fallacy noun many people believe to be true Isles.

The fallacy contained in their argument is that they

a weakness in someone’s argument caused by have made generalisations on the basis of too few
fallacy noun faulty logic or a mistake in their reasoning examples.

Using two languages as media of instruction is

feasible adjective that can be done and is likely to work feasible.

an important, interesting or typical aspect of

feature noun something Describe the characteristic features of an earthquake.

a special article on a particular subject in a The newspaper has a special feature on the writer
feature noun magazine, newspaper, etc. who won the award.

The conference will feature the dean as one of the

feature verb to have an important part in or to be included plenary speakers.

Your feigned facts are no more than personal

feigned adjective what is pretended assumptions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

if an environment or situation is fertile, then new

ideas, results, political groups, etc. are encouraged Poorer regions are a fertile breeding ground for
fertile adjective and can easily develop and succeed revolution.

The new lecturer's fruitful thinking will make valuable

fertile adjective full of new, interesting and unusual ideas contributions to research.

Stephen Hawking, the British theoretical physicist, was

field noun sphere of study a famous expert in the field of theoretical cosmology.

Figurative language (imagery) is often found in

use in a way that differs from the usual, normal or literature, because poets think figuratively rather than
figurative adjective basic meaning literally.

How does the current electricity crisis figure in the

figure verb to play a role in a process or situation foreign investment policy?

figure noun a person's bodily shape My father’s burly figure suddenly appears in the door.

word usage that aims to achieve an effect, e.g.

figure of speech noun irony, metaphor, hyperbole, euphemism or satire Imagery is a figure of speech often found in poetry.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The decision of the disciplinary committee is final, and

final adjective the last no further discussion will be held on the issue.

The finalisation of a dissertation requires nerves of

steel because there is so much detail to be finally
finalisation noun completion or final draft of something checked.

My roommate has two days left to finalise her paper

finalise verb produce a final version with source references and a bibliography.

We are still in the process of negotiations, but it

seems we are getting to the stage where we will reach
finality noun the fact of being finished finality.

to provide the money, often a large amount, that She worked full-time to finance her husband’s
finance verb is needed to pay for something university education.

the money that a person or organisation has Experts from large companies provide information on
available and the way in which they manage this a range of topics, such as finance, investments and
finance noun money insurance, from which business people can benefit.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the commercial activity of providing funds and The balance of the required finance will be provided
finance noun capital by the bank.

There is a finite number of energy resources from

finite adjective with a definite limit or fixed size which to generate electricity.

Good writers always try to choose words that fit

fit verb meet expectations or meet a goal within the theme of their text.

The company is looking for someone who can work

flexible adjective able to adjust to different conditions flexible hours.

The device malfunctioned due to fluctuations in the

fluctuate verb move in a rising and falling pattern electrical current.

There are many students whose marks fluctuate

fluctuate verb keep rising and falling significantly within the same subject.

The fluctuating nature of the motor car industry often

fluctuating adjective going up and down results in the employment of poorly qualified persons.

The fluctuation in the motor car industry often results

fluctuation noun change in a level, price or amount in the employment of poorly qualified persons.

able to speak or write a language correctly and

fluent adjective easily without hesitation She is fluent in Spanish.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Although the two institutions have merged, the

fluid adjective not fixed and likely to change arrangement is still fluid.

the subject or situation that is the centre of

focus noun interest or attention The main focus of the course is social anthropology.

The media’s focus on primary health care has raised

focus noun special attention to a particular subject or situation awareness.

focus noun the clear purpose of something His essay lacks focus.

to concentrate on or pay special attention to a

particular person or thing instead of other people She focuses all her energy on completing her
focus verb or things dissertation.

focus verb to pay particular attention to something Focus on the consequences of littering.

You need to think carefully about exactly what you

focus verb to concentrate on something want to focus on in your research.

directing attention, interest or activity towards Focused study is only possible if you strike a balance
focused adjective something specific between study and socialisation.

a number of respondents whose opinions about a

product are obtained in the context of marketing After this focus group discussion, Tertia’s qualitative
through qualitative research (e.g., conversations investigation will be completed and she will be
focus group noun and questionnaires) finalising the results of her study.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

His violent behaviour does not logically follow from

follow from verb to arise from something his peace speech the day before.

In his lecture, theory and example systematically

follow upon verb to come directly after something in time follow upon one another.

The author of an academic article must make sure

that his arguments follow upon one another in a
follow upon verb appear in logical order logical way.

to give something up or to decide not to have The student volunteers forgo their summer holidays
forgo verb something to do development work.

the layout and appearance of a document or The format of the two textbooks is completely
format noun display different.

to arrange a text and visual elements in a specific All assignments have to be formatted according to the
format verb way on a page or screen prescribed style sheet.

format noun the organisation, plan or design of something The celebrations take place in the format of a carnival.

formula noun a particular method of achieving something The formula for success is hard work.

to invent and plan all the details of a proposal or The commission was tasked with formulating a
formulate verb project monetary policy.

to use particular words to clearly express your

formulate verb opinions, feelings or ideas They formulated their ideas in carefully crafted prose.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

In the final draft of your paper you have to formulate

formulate verb to express something in a logical way clearly and concisely.

the way in which something is formulated or The student who takes good care of her language uses
formulation noun expressed clear and concise formulation.

forthcoming adjective going to happen or appear I am looking forward to the forthcoming rugby season.

She was forthcoming in her response to the

forthcoming adjective willing to give information about something allegations.

Geology is an applied science founded on the careful

observation of the natural world coupled with the
application of physical, chemical and biological
found verb to base something on something else concepts to explain earth processes.

Lecturers often complain that students’ writing lacks a

something basic or important on which something solid theoretical foundation on which their ideas are
foundation noun else is based based.

the basics or principles on which future work or The study provides a solid foundation for further
foundation noun actions are built research.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

supporting structure underlying a theory, concept I place my research within the framework of eco-
framework noun or subject criticism.

a set of ideas, beliefs or principles forming the The textbook provides a general framework for
framework noun basis for understanding something understanding biology.

The successful lecturer plans each lecture within the

framework noun overarching structure framework of her course objectives.

the extreme limit of what is known about If this research project is successful, our frontiers of
frontier noun something in a particular field knowledge will be pushed back.

His resignation will fuel speculation that the whole

fuel verb increase the amount or intensity of something company was involved in the theft of the money.

to achieve a required or necessary official standard She has fulfilled all the requirements for the
fulfil verb of something programme and will graduate in September.

Internet banks can perform the functions of

function noun what something is used for traditional banks at half the price.

The function of the introduction is to provide a brief

function noun the purpose that something has summary of the article as a whole.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to do the work or to fulfil the purpose that you or The building’s water supply has been reconnected and
function verb a particular thing is supposed to do or fulfil it is functioning as normal.

Many words in a language function as more than one

function verb to work in ’n specific way part of speech, as determined by context.

The use of appropriate punctuation is functional in

functional adjective being of practical use academic essays.

one or all of the operations that something is able You can do so much with the phone’s GPS system that
functionality noun to perform it takes functionality to a whole new level.

Pretoria functions as the administrative capital of

function as verb to be something or work as something South Africa.

absolutely necessary and important as a part of

something, to the point that the second thing Agriculture is fundamental to the economy of the
fundamental adjective cannot exist or succeed without it country.

fundamental adjective forming the necessary basis of something The concept of justice is fundamental to his theory.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

There are sometimes fundamental differences

between the ideological desires of a government on
fundamental adjective in a rudimentary way the one hand and the national interest on the other.

The kwaito group has fused symphonic sounds into

fuse verb to join two or more so that they become one thing their music.

to join together different ideas, qualities or things, What separates her from her peers is her ability to
especially so that you can form a pleasing fuse education and entertainment into what she calls
fuse verb combination or whole edutainment.

This scale has not been gauged and therefore you

check measuring instruments or weights and then cannot be sure if you bought exactly one kilogram of
gauge verb place an official stamp or mark on it meat.

the properties distinguishing male and female Employers may not discriminate against employees
gender noun roles based on gender.

The workshops will use problem solving to generate

generate verb to create or bring into existence new ideas.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

If one plans a language acquisition course for students

from different disciplines, the text content will be
generic, as creating subject-specific texts for each
generic adjective not specific subject is practically impossible.

subdivision of any art, with a distinctive own

approach, design and (or) subject – used mainly
within the three major categories of literary art, He focused mainly on two genres: the literary essay
genre noun namely prose, poetry and drama and pastoral poetry.

the beginning or early stage of something, like an

idea, from which that thing can develop into a The germ of his theory, developed much later, can
germ noun bigger or more important thing already be seen in his first book.

globe noun a more or less round object The trees were clipped into globes.

provide explanatory notes for subject-specific Some authors gloss their textbooks so that students
gloss verb words or phrases can look up the meaning of technical terms.

alphabetical list of words with explanations, as in Some textbooks contain a glossary that explains the
glossary noun some textbooks meaning of difficult technical terms.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

that which a plan is intended to achieve, which will The goal of her medical studies is to become a
goal noun usually require effort and time successful pediatrician.

that which a plan is intended to achieve, which will Any goal could be achieved if people didn’t allow
goal noun usually require effort and time themselves to get side-tracked.

the level or quality of a particular product or The coal mined in that area is usually of the highest
grade noun material grade.

All the farmer’s pears are first grade and are marketed
grade noun a particular quality, level, value, etc. overseas.

The hotel, which boasts a sea view and draws many

to award a mark or a position on a scale to international guests, has been graded a three-star
grade verb indicate intensity, amount or quality hotel.

The postgraduate student in Agriculture had to grade

different pear types according to their taste and
grade verb sort by type and quality appearance.

to put things or people into categories according The artifacts discovered during the excavation were
grade verb to their qualities or abilities graded according to size, colour and shape.

someone who is going to receive or received an

graduand noun academic degree All graduands wear gowns during graduation.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

My five best friends graduate at the end of this year

graduate verb to receive a degree from the University of Stellenbosch.

I would like to advise graduates to be patient while

graduate noun someone who received an academic degree looking for a job.

graduated adjective somebody who has obtained a degree My graduated son is without a job despite his degree.

to allow someone to have something, such as The students were granted permission to use the
grant verb giving someone permission to do something parking lot for their fundraising concert.

to accept or admit that someone’s opinion, belief

or idea is true, even if it is unpleasant or will not
necessarily make a difference to your own beliefs It is granted that he was a good researcher, but his
grant verb or ideas teaching abilities left much to be desired.

He was awarded a research grant to help him

grant noun amount of money given to complete a project complete his Master’s dissertation.

the extreme seriousness or importance of an The Prime Minister of Pakistan emphasised the gravity
gravity noun event or situation of the civil unrest in India.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the extremely serious way in which someone The Vice Chancellor’s speeches have always been
gravity noun speaks or behaves characterised by gravity.

a formal promise, usually in writing, that

something will happen or will be done, or that Some banks offer a guarantee on their credit cards
guarantee noun something is of a particular standard or quality against the risk of money loss through fraud.

to give a commitment that something will be done The insurance company guarantees complete
guarantee verb or will happen satisfaction with their service.

Roosevelt is saying that if a nation can guarantee

to make sure that something will behave, happen some basic amount of economic security as a means
guarantee verb or work in a particular way to promote freedom, it should consider doing so.

During the first term of their first year students

require guidance and sympathy far more than
guidance noun help or advice which is given to somebody instruction.

When I cannot make an informed decision, I ask my

guidance noun help or advice given to somebody parents for their guidance.

The student must complete her assignment according

guideline noun piece of advice which is given to somebody to certain guidelines.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

used to introduce the second of two contrasting The nature lover is sad about cut down trees, the city
hand noun points dweller, on the other hand, doesn’t think about it.

The successful student has strategic thinking skills to

have verb to posess plan her study timetable.

to criticise people, events or practices through The goal of the speaker from the opposition party was
heckle verb mockery to heckle our political leaders.

English is gaining hegemonic status over the other

hegemonic adjective dominant in a social or political context indigenous languages.

supremacy or domination of one country,

geographical area, political system, culture and English is gaining hegemony over indigenous
hegemony noun language over another languages in South Africa.

A hermeneutic approach to the reading process helps

language lecturers and teachers to better cope with
adjective, the reading difficulties of students and learners
hermeneutic adverb relating to hermeneutics through their teaching techniques.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Traditionally hermeneutics studies the interpretation

of written texts in literature, religion and the legal
hermeneutics noun study of the theory and practice of interpretation system.

adjective, The heuristic approach in education means the child

heuristic adverb enabling a person to learn for him- of herself learns through discovery.

broad approach to problem situations by finding

solutions without knowing in advance how this is
going to happen, often through a mixture of
systematic questioning, logical reasoning, or a Thousands of years ago the famous philosopher
guess based on intuition, experience and even Socrates used heuristics to get his students to answer
heuristics noun common sense life-questions through systematic questioning.

In the Roman Catholic Church there is a clear

adjective, hierarchical system of positions of authority with the
hierarchical adverb arranged in order of rank Pope at the very top.

a series of groups at different levels of importance The company has a fairly flat hierarchy – a CEO,
hierarchy noun within a system. managers and other employees.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a system which organises ideas and beliefs into a The hierarchies of concepts in biology are best
hierarchy noun type of system or structure portrayed by means of diagrams and concept maps.

The mind map that graphically represents the

a system in which things or persons are ranked in thematic units of the text works with thematic
hierarchy noun accordance with relative status or authority hierarchy.

adjective, The high-handed decisions of the head of department

high-handed adverb using power without considering others upset the staff, who feel he is acting despotic.

The session chair highlighted the main points of the

highlight verb to make more visible or prominent paper.

The country's agriculture sector has been hit hard by

hit verb to strike the Aids pandemic

theory or philosophy of life assuming that the Holism is the theory that reality is more than the sum
holism noun whole is more than the sum of the parts of the constituent parts.

characterised by the belief that the parts of

adjective, something are intimately interconnected and A holistic view of life sees life as a dynamic web of
holistic adverb explicable only by reference to the whole influences.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the condition of being the same or of the same Homogeneity in a country with so many languages
homogeneity noun kind and cultures is difficult.

South Africa certainly does not have a homogeneous

homogeneous adjective of the same kind population.

Pretoria has a strong, homogeneous Greek

consisting of people or parts that are the same or community made up of people who share a common
homogeneous adjective similar culture, religion and language.

word with the same sound and form as another

homonym noun word, but which differs in meaning Words like CAN and CAN are homonyms.

homonymous adjective relating to a homonym or homonyms The italicised words are homonymous words.

word that sounds the same as another word but is

homophone noun spelled differently TO and TWO are homophones.

In the two sentences, the italicised words are

homophonic adjective relating to a homphone homophonic.

He believed that anybody who did not smile when he

hostile adjective strongly opposing or rejecting something spoke were hostile to his suggestions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

hyperbole noun figure of speech using exaggeration for effect I was shocked to death! is an example of a hyperbole.

adjective, A hyperbolic style should never be used at the

hyperbolic adverb relating to a hyperbole expense of solid content.

an idea based on known facts which is suggested

as a possible explanation for or proof of a
condition or situation, but which has not yet been The medical research team has put forward a new
hypothesis noun demonstrated to be true hypothesis on how the virus works.

an idea based on known facts which is suggested

as a possible explanation for or proof of a The doctoral student's hypothesis that trauma can be
condition or situation, but which has not yet been treated better with hypnosis than with accepted
hypothesis noun demonstrated to be true methods was refuted because he could not prove it.

He knows that his hypothesis about the characteristics

a supposition which is taken for the truth and on of motorcyclists is preliminary, because it is subject to
hypothesis noun whch an argument is built further research.

When you hypothesise, you make an unproven

hypothesise verb to suggest a possibility statement that has yet to be proven.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

It is hypothesised that people who are positive enjoy

to make a premise to explain or predict certain better health than those with a negative outlook on
hypothesise verb facts or observations life.

to make a statement in order to explain or predict Before empirical evidence was available, scientists
certain facts or observations until enough facts are hypothesised that the drug might be targeting a
hypothesise verb available to make a final statement hormone.

adjective,
hypothetical adverb relating to a hypothesis Hypothetical thinking is essential.

Although an idea is an abstract concept, its origin is

idea noun concept of something concrete, for it arises as an image in the mind.

Ten of the sets of twins are identical, and some

identical adjective exactly the same teachers are battling to identify them individually.

The identification of plagiarism is no problem for the

experienced lecturer, as there is usually a clear
the process of recognising something and saying difference between the student’s writing style and
identification noun what it is that of the source text.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The identification of semi-precious stones rest

the process of recognising something and saying partially on the observation of colour by the human
identification noun what it is eye.

Identification of thematic keywords is an essential

identification noun process of recognising something or someone reading skill.

When you link the identified keywords, the text looks

identified adjective recognised and correctly named like a word web.

In a text with plagiarism, a lecturer can usually identify

the source from which the student steals through the
identify verb recognise and say what it is difference in sentence construction and formulation.

New tests have been devised to identify people with

identify verb to recognise and name schizophrenia.

A strategic reader knows where to find the thematic

keywords in a text and can therefore identify them
identify verb to find and recogise fairly quickly.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Terrorist groups’ actions are usually ideologically

adjective, driven, because their ideological views dominate
ideological adverb relating to an ideology everything they think and do.

The myth of romance is based on the ideology of

a system of related ideas, usually of a political or patriarchy whereby the man is the protector and
ideology noun economic system pursuer of the woman.

a set of idealised ideas that form the basis of a

political, economic or religious system and often The ideology of Communism has declined in
ideology noun lead to assumptions and unyielding actions popularity since the fall of the Berlin Wall.

specific characteristics, temperament, way of My roommate’s idiosyncrasies really get the better of
idiosyncrasy noun thinking or state of mind peculiar to an individual me.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

My roommate’s idiosyncratic preference for tomatoes

at 3 am, her inexplicable fear of sandals and her loving
dedication to hairy spiders she collects under her bed
adjective, in a glass jar made me decide to look for other
idiosyncratic adverb (peculiar) characteristic of someone or something accommodation.

Her insensitive gender attitudes were born out of

ignorance noun lack of knowledge or education ignorance.

illuminate verb to make clear or to explain carefully The lecturer illuminated the mathematical problem.

The stories printed below this editorial illustrate some

illustrate verb explain by giving specific examples recent achievements in this field.

In this cooking guide, the method is illustrated with

illustrate verb to provide with pictures pictures.

The successful student always works with illustrated

relating to illustrations, explanations and statements so that his lecturer understands what his
illustrated adjective elucidations concepts mean.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

picture or example that makes it easier to The soldier dragging his wounded companion under
illustration noun understand something bullet rain is an illustration of humanity.

the general impression that a person, an An important part of the success of a business is its
image noun organisation or a product gives to the public image.

When reading an academic text a student should build

image noun a mental representation of someone or something up a mental image of the meaning.

My personal image of peace is a landscape of hills,

image noun a mental representation of someone or something without people.

The imaginary reality of people often shows no

imaginary adjective existing in the imagination relation to the actual state of affairs.

There is a lot to dislike in the movie, mostly the lack of

any effort to do anything original or imaginative with
imaginative adjective full of plans and ideas the theme.
to make a mental representation of someone or
imagine verb something I imagine a landscape of hills without people.

to come from another country to settle in this He can immigrate back to Africa, to live and work in
immigrate verb country SA.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the effect or influence that something has on The injury may have a considerable impact on his
impact noun something else performance in rugby this season.

the effect or influence that something has on

impact noun something else The strike had a major impact on service delivery.

The toll fee increase will impact negatively on the

impact verb to have an effect upon region's economic growth.

implement verb to put in practice The government implemented the new equality laws.

The government failed to implement the

implement verb to put in practice recommendations of the commission.

The project that is planned by the engineering student

is hardly implementable and he will have to redesign
implementable adjective which can be put to practice it.

the application of something in a way that is in line The lecturer is supported by an assistant in the
implementation noun with its purpose or design implementation of his duties.

to show or suggest that somebody is involved in

implicate verb something bad, such as a crime Police claims implicated him in the robbery.

Bill resented the implication that he had stolen the

meaning or thought not directly expressed in money simply because he was carrying a lot of cash in
implication noun words his pockets.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

suggested or understood without being said A consumer price rise is implicit in the removal of
implicit adjective directly electricity subsidies.

The implicit meaning of the image CHISEL POINT OF

adjective, THE RIVER is that the water gradually calves away the
implicit adverb said indirectly river bank.

His silence seems to imply that he agrees with the

imply verb to express or state indirectly decision.

to suggest something as a logical result of Socialising implies that most names and faces of
imply verb something else people can be remembered.

In an academic context, it is inappropriate to imply

your intention, because your listener and reader want
to know exactly what the purpose of your argument
imply verb to suggest something without saying it directly is.

an item or items brought into a country from The imports are transported from Durban to
import noun another country Johannesburg.

the process of bringing goods into a country from

import noun another country Import of drugs is illegal.

to bring goods, services or ideas into a country

import verb from another country South Africa imports oil from America.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Einstein’s theory of relativity was and still is of great

importance to scientists trying to understand the
importance noun the quality of being important cosmos.

impose verb to force to behave in a certain way He tries to impose his opinions on the students.

emphasise something to make someone The lecturer impressed on the students the
impress verb understand its importance consequences of plagiarism.

Some adolescents experiment with drugs because

impressionable adjective easily influenced they are easily impressionable.

impulse noun instinctive drive or urge He represses the impulse to tell the whole story.

something that encourages a person to do Without salary increases, there is little incentive to
incentive noun something work harder.

The incessant and intense noise from loud music can

incessant adjective not stopping cause permanent hearing loss.

the number of times something – usually

incidence noun unpleasant – happens There has been a high incidence of crime on campus.

a natural tendency or disposition towards A person with a positive inclination will eventually be
inclination noun something successful.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to have a physical or mental tendency towards He is inclined to dismiss all counter arguments as
inclined adjective something fallacies.

income noun financial gain over a given period of time Last year his total income amounted to R170 000.

impossibility to compare two theories, opinions or

views of life because there is no common Feyerabend believed that deciding between different
framework or frame of reference that can serve as scientific views was complicated by
incommensurability noun a basis for the comparison the incommensurability of scientific theories.

Protestantism and Dadaism are incomparable, as

there is no benchmark against which the comparison
incomparable adjective impossible to compare can take place.

to put together with or merge with something that As from last year all bonuses have been incorporated
incorporate verb already exists into employees’ monthly salaries.

Try to incorporate your own original view into your

incorporate verb to include something as part of a whole essay.

the process of incorporating something into The incorporation of your own view has considerably
incorporation noun something else raised the standard of your essay.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The increase in undisciplined public behaviour is

increase noun growth in size or quantity disturbing.

The number of under-prepared young people who

increase verb to grow in size or quantity want to enter the labour market increases steadily.

I am shocked by the increasing violence on the

increasing adjective growing in size or quantity campus.

to have to pay or repay costs as a result of your The college incurred high costs to build and equip two
incur verb own action new computer laboratories.

Strategic readers can search through the index of a

alphabetical list of names or topics at the back of a book for keywords to see if the book contains
index noun book information about the topic they are researching.

The assistant helps the author to index the most

to include keywords, names and topics in an important keywords for inclusion in a new City
index verb alphabetical list at the back of a book Planning textbook.

I searched for the term in the alphabetical index at

index noun a list of names or topics in alphabetical order the back of the book.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to make a list of names or topics in alphabetical The author has indexed his book to make information
index verb order easier to find.

The student’s well-indexed dissertation impressed the

indexed adjective provided with an index supervisor.

Students should indicate their sources in brackets in

indicate verb to mention something their academic essays.

to focus attention on a place, direction, person or The teacher indicated the location of the cathedral on
indicate verb thing the map.

indicate verb to state, name or suggest something indirectly He indicated that he was happy with the decision.

The indicated sources help the lecturer to easily check

indicated adjective what has been mentioned the reference list.

Indicating sources in brackets is essential in an

indication noun that which has been mentioned academic essay.

which originated in a specific place or naturally

indigenous adjective occurs there The baobab tree is indigenous to South Africa.

individual adjective unique characteristic of someone or something The writer has an individual style of writing.

individual noun a single person They called on individuals to donate blood.

English Term POS English Definition English Example

Die persoon wie se analitiese en holistiese denke,

sintuie, gevoelens en intuïsies ’n geheel vorm, is
individual noun integrated person sielkundig ’n individu.

It is often difficult for people to maintain their

individual noun a partcular person interests as individuals against the interests of society.

Individual interviews were conducted with the

respondents to ensure that their peers' opinions did
individual adjective regarded separately rather than as part of a group not influence their responses.

adjective, of, which relates to, or is peculiar to a particular A student with learning difficulties can get individual
individual adverb individual help.

In successful group work, there must be a healthy

balance between group members’ individualism and
individualisme noun phenomenon of independence collaboration skills.

The pianist’s individualistic performance surprised the

adjective, audience, as no one had ever interpreted Chopin so
individualistic adverb marked by individuality individualistically before.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

whole of characteristics and qualities that are Body piercings are a cosmetic trend done for fashion
individuality noun typical of a particular individual and to express one's individuality.

to systematically integrate your thinking The phrase – the tallest man in England – will fail to
processes, senses, intuition and emotions, individuate any person if the class of tallest men in
individuate verb essentially an unconscious process England happens to have more than one member.

induce verb cause to act or happen The drug was found to induce anxiety.

An example of induction in logic is: Every time you eat

process of reasoning from the particular example peanuts you start to sneeze, therefore you must be
induction to the general principle allergic to peanuts.

Our lecturer works inductively: He first gives examples

adjective, within the context of his lecture from which we must
inductive adverb arguing from the specific to the general then derive the general principles.

inevitable adjective which cannot be avoided or prevented Ageing and death are inevitable in human beings.

From these facts one can infer that the company is

infer verb to conclude by reasoning making a profit.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Some people think that government schools are

inferior adjective lower in value, quality, position or importance inferior to private schools.

to exaggerate the importance of something or

make something appear more impressive than it
inflate verb really is The press inflated security issues.

The student’s drug use negatively affects his

influence verb to have an effect upon performance.

Psychologists are increasingly seeing the negative

the effect or influence that something has on influence of drug abuse on students’ academic
influence noun something else success.

The negative influence of drugs on adolescents cannot

influence noun the effect that something has on something else be denied.

She studied the influence of drug abuse on academic

influence noun the effect that something has on something else achievement.

The wealthy capitalist is very influential, because

everyone listens attentively to his influential proposals
influential adjective posessing influence or carrying weight for alleviating poverty.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The research showed how indigenous knowledge

inform verb to have an important influence on something systems informed theory-building in the field.

to provide facts that have not been known to a

inform verb person before She informed the police about the robbery.

to provide facts that have not been known to a It is good manners to inform your lecturer beforehand
inform verb person before if you will not be able to attend his lecture.

You need to incorporate factual information into your

information noun facts that have not been known to a person before assignment to support your statements.

He will wait for the official results in order to make

informed adjective based on possession of information informed comments.

More money is needed to save the crumbling

infrastructure noun the basic components of a system or organisation infrastructure in South Africa.

existing as an essential constituent or Everyone has inherent dignity and the right to have
inherent adjective characteristic their dignity respected and protected.
to prevent something from happening or cause it
inhibit verb to happen more slowly Rapid inflation inhibits economic growth.

initial adjective occurring at the beginning The initial stages of the disease are asymptomatic.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The initial intention was to provide only an indication

of the infectiousness of the virus, but over time, the
program expanded to raise awareness of measures to
initial adjective occurring at the beginning prevent infection.

to set in motion, start an event or prepare the way She proposes to initiate discussions on planning the
initiate verb for something event.

Extroverts initiate a conversation more easily than

initiate verb to start introverts who listen better.

The university initiated investigations of fraud against

initiate verb to start or set in motion the administration.

Peter’s skilfully initiated conversation led to fruitful

discussions between people who had never wanted to
initiated adjective having begun a process talk before.

I am amazed at Pieter’s skillful initiation of

conversation between people who had never wanted
initiation noun process to start something to talk to each other before.

The initiation of an investigation into allegations of

initiation noun process of preparing the way or starting an event fraud at the university has been welcomed.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

A person with initiative takes on new challenges with

initiative noun independent action ease.

innate adjective forming a natural part of something All humans have an innate moral compass.

innovate verb to bring something new to an environment The company’s success lies in its ability to innovate.

Those firms who successfully innovate will constantly

innovate verb introduce a new idea or new ideas stay one step ahead of the competition.

The technological innovations of our time make life

innovation noun a newly introduced idea easier.

The innovation in thinking about literary works of art

has, to a large extent, been brought about by
innovation noun a newly introduced idea ecocriticism.

Ecocriticism has contributed to a new, innovative

innovative adjective oorspronklik of gevorderd focus on literary works of art.

insert verb to put into or introduce into something The student need to insert references in her essay.

The approach yielded valuable insights into the

insight noun clear or deep perception of a situation problem.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Substantial subject knowledge is crucial for PhD

studies, but the decisive factor is that doctoral
insight noun clear or deep perception of a situation students have insight into their field of research.
the capacity to gain understanding of somebody or
insight noun something She has astonishing insight for such a young child.

adjective,
insightful adverb demonstrating deep perception of a situation It was an insightful experience.

They require that the structure is inspected after

construction by the design engineer as a final check
inspect verb to look over or look into carefully point.

In a number of instances the quality of the recording

instance noun a particular example or case was too poor for transcription.

a natural tendency or ability to behave or react in Animals’ instinct is to run away when faced with
instinct noun a certain way danger.

institute noun a society or organisation for a special purpose My sister works for the African Art Institute.

to start a new process, or put in place a new policy The university has instituted new policies to increase
institute verb or system students’ safety on campus.

Participants were instructed to circle the correct

instruct verb to inform formally answer in each case.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

instruct verb to impart skills or knowledge He instructed me in driving a car.

The instructions in the user manual of the sound

instruction noun detailed information about how to do something system were completely incomprehensible.

It has been demonstrated that learners benefit from

instruction noun the act of teaching someone something some formal instruction.

Each of the five chapters forms an integral part of the

integral adjective a complete or independent part of something book and cannot be read separately from the other.

In 1029 this marchland was finally incorporated with

existing as an essential part or characteristic of Bohemia, and so became an integral part of the
integral adjective something German empire.

Community engagement at the university is

completely integrated with research on the one hand,
integrate verb to make into a whole or make part of a whole and teaching and learning on the other.

Integrating the views of different writers into one

integrate verb make into a whole coherent text is a major academic challenge.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

A lecturer who reads a student’s assignment must

ascertain whether the views of different writers really
form an integrated whole within the student’s
integrated adjective coordinated or linked thematic line of thought.

The integration of different writers’ views into one

process by which parts are put together into a coherent text in which everything forms a new whole
integration noun whole is a major challenge for first-year students.

the quality of being honest and possessing strong What we need is a leader with high moral and
integrity noun moral principles professional integrity.

Without the dramatic music, the play loses its

integrity noun the state of being whole and not divided integrity.

the power and capacity of the mind to reason and The intellect is not the most important aspect of a
intellect noun think logically person’s personality.

intellect noun entirety of man’s mental and spiritual abilities I am amazed at my uncle’s intellect.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

My uncle is very intellectual and can have intellectual

intellectual adjective relating to a highly developed intellect conversations on various topics.

It’s amazing how some teachers can intellectualise a

child’s bad behaviour without thinking for a moment
intellectualise verb to make something intellectual about its psychological causes.

view that overestimates the function of the

intellect by elevating it above all other human Intellectualism denies the value of integration
capacities as the only criterion for understanding between intellect, emotion, sensuality and intuition
intellectualism noun reality for a more integrated perception of reality.

Some teachers’ intellectualistic handling of problem

adjective, children attests to a lack of insight into the human
intellectualistic adverb relating to intellectualism psyche.

She is intelligent, and always has the entire picture in

intelligent adjective having a good ability to think and understand perspective.

Viewers look forward to intelligible programmes

intelligible adjective which can be understood aimed at the whole family.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Jan had intended to study all night, but the arrival of

intend verb to have a plan or purpose in mind his girlfriend put an end to his good intentions.

I intend to finish my research proposal by the end of

intend verb to have a plan or purpose in mind the month.

The lecturer’s advice to answer the easy questions

intended adjective meant or planned first was really well intended.

The victims of the bombing experienced intense

intense adjective extremely sharp or focused emotions, such as fear, anger and despair.

Jan had intended to study all night, but the arrival of

intention noun what you plan to do his girlfriend put an end to his good intentions.

He announced his intention to apply for the position

intention noun what you plan to do of head of department.

Psychologists study the way in which humans interact

interact verb to do something together or with others with one another.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Human lungs interact with the circulatory system to

interact verb to act in close relation with each other filter oxygen into the blood.

The interaction between lecturer and student can

only be productive if both parties are willing to
interaction noun communication through reciprocal action provide input.

interactive adjective allowing a two-way flow I really like interactive lectures.

She has resumed her career as a writer after a four-

interlude noun a period of time between two events year interlude.

around the middle of a scale that represents time,

intermediate adjective places or things The learners study English at intermediate level.

internal adjective located on the inside or inward The patient died as a result of internal bleeding.

interpret verb to make sense of or assign a meaning to The learner could not interpret the difficult question.

How readers interpret a text is determined by reading

interpret verb to make clear the meaning (of a text) ability, perspective and background.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to comprehend the information in spoken or Without the strategies to read an academic article,
interpret verb written language you can easily misinterpret the author's intention.

to translate spoken language immediately into a The interpreter had to interpret for the accused who
interpret verb different language did not understand English.

understanding of events, people and written texts,

as influenced by background, perspective and People's interpretation of the cartoon largely depends
interpretation noun experience on their political and religious beliefs.

the comprehension of information in spoken or My interpretation of the article's content differs from
interpretation noun written language yours.

Writers must remember that their narration about an

event does not necessarily reflect reality but is merely
interpreted adjective relating to interpretation their interpreted version of the event.

interrelate verb be related to each other Drought and famine are interrelated.

The students returned to university after an interval of

interval noun a period of time between two events four weeks.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to get involved in order to change or stop an Governments do not often interfere in religious
intervene verb action affairs.

conversation between two people during which

interview noun one obtains information from the other I went for an interview and got the job.

interview verb to conduct an interview with someone She was interviewed on radio about her discovery.

intrinsic adjective belonging to the real nature of something One of the intrinsic qualities of glass is brilliancy.

The newly introduced regulations in the residence

introduced adjective something that has been made known upset the students.

understanding a situation without conscious Her intuition made her realise that the situation was
intuition noun thought dangerous.

If you suddenly gain insight into something of which

direct understanding of a matter without the you do not necessarily have factual information, it is
intuition noun intervention of mind or senses probably your intuition that is at work.

Modern man has lost his intuitive way of experiencing

adjective, the world largely due to the overemphasis on
intuitive adverb reacting to intuition analytical thinking.

inverse adjective having an opposite or contrary effect Multiplication and division are inverse operations.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to discover and examine something in order to The research group investigated the influence of
investigate verb find out the truth about it temperature on the curing time of concrete.

The investigative nature of your work requires that

investigative adjective relating to an investigation you pay careful attention.

to use or provide as a reason to support The politician invoked historical events to support her
invoke verb something that you are saying or doing argument.

to include (something or someone) as a necessary

involve verb part Being a student involves hard work and commitment.

It is ironic to praise economic growth while it does not

ironic adjective characterised by irony mean anything to the man in the street.

As she walks out of the examination room, she

ironises the difficult paper with the words: Wasn’t it
ironise verb mock by using irony children’s games now!

use of words or of a figure of speech saying the

opposite of what is meant, or contrast between The irony is that the giant wrestling champion’s name
irony noun what is expected and what really happens is Tiny.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The doctors isolated the person who has the

infectious disease so that the infection does not
isolate verb to place or set apart spread.

The number of issuable tickets for the upcoming show

issuable adjective authorised for issue is limited.

The issue of misuse of hospital funds has been raised

issue noun a topic for discussion or debate in a public debate on healthcare.

The article on irrigation in the Western Cape appears

issue noun one of a series of magazines in the latest issue of the journal.

Campus officials very quickly issue traffic tickets to

issue verb to give or distribute something students who park on lecturers’ places.

Publishing an additional issue of the academic journal

issue noun a book or journal that is published is not economically feasible.

an important topic that people discuss or think The issue of poverty in the country need to be
issue noun about addressed.

The newly issued film is going to cause great

issued adjective placed into the public domain controversy.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Underlined words should be italicised when typing the

italicise verb type or print in italics manuscript on your computer.

italics noun italic letters In printed text, the titles of books are in italics.

She recorded her personal research observations in a

journal noun a written daily record of news, events, activities journal.

A Durban schoolgirl has made her mark on the

medical world by becoming the youngest ever
a periodical or magazine which deals with a contributor to the internationally respected South
journal noun specific subject or profession African Medical Journal.

a periodical or magazine which deals with a I receive four issues of the SA Journal of Chemistry per
journal noun specific subject or profession annum.

We instigated a judicial inquiry into the

relating to the legal system, a court of law or mismanagement of funds by the directors of the
judicial adjective judges, or to their decisions or judgments company.

Her argument contains sufficient justification to

justification noun explanation for a statement convince her listeners.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to mitigate events and your own or others’ The student justifies his aggressive behaviour towards
justify verb behaviour by falsely justifying it with your reason his lecturers by attributing it to personal problems.

She justified her methodological choices by discussing

justify verb show to be right by providing proof potential advantages for the study.

juxtapose verb to contrast things with each other The poet cleverly juxtaposes silence and noise.

place two issues side by side to highlight The monsters are skilfully crafted, single heads which
juxtapose verb similarities or differences juxtapose abstract and figurative elements.

The strange juxtaposition of father and son figures

two concepts or things being placed next to one within the confined space of the sailboat prompts one
juxtaposition noun another with the purpose of contrast to look at the painting with greater attention.

Although some cultural traditions have been

foresaken, others still form an integral part of our
daily life, often blending with each other and with
two things being placed next to one another with modern elements to present a fascinating
juxtaposition noun a contrasting effect juxtaposition of old and new.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to be aware of something or understand

know verb something Every scientist has to know the basics of her subject.

Greek philosopher Socrates said thousands of years

ago that people who know that they can never know
know verb to be aware of something everything are truly wise.

The possibility that anyone with the know-how could

clone humans has led to an international ban on
know-how noun an ability which includes both knowledge and skill human cloning.

Having knowledge means that you can present facts

about something correctly insofar as they can be
knowledge noun familiarity with facts or situations proven.

We need to get a knowledgeable person to solve the

knowledgeable adjective well-informed or skilled problem.

One would expect cabinet ministers to be

knowledgeable adjective a person who is well-informed or skilled knowledgeable about matters in their departments.

The modest researcher is known for her brilliant

known adjective that people know or is familiar research.

a brief description given for purposes of The label on the bottle indicates how many tablets
label noun identification you should take.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

word used by people to indicate some Her actions bear the label of a finely civilised woman,
label noun characteristic of a person but his that of a thug.

to give a name to or brief description of someone She carefully labelled each jar of chemicals in the
label verb or something laboratory.

Throughout the world, people label him as a leader

label verb describe someone by means of a label with true integrity.

In a lasting relationship like that of Timothy and

lasting adjective which lasts or endures a long time Bianca couples talk to each other about their fears.

to start something such as an official military or The centre launched its new research project in
launch verb important public activity January.

single thickness of some substance that lies over a They had to remove the old layer of paint before
layer noun surface or between surfaces painting the cupboard blue.

one of the levels in an organisation, set of ideas or

layer noun system There are many layers of meaning in his paintings.

The Springbok captain has led his team through a

lead verb to give direction difficult season.

The economy should recover under a president who

leadership noun the action of leading or managing people shows strong leadership.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The president played a leading role in the peace

leading adjective showing leadership negotiations.

lead to verb to cause or result in Drug addiction often leads to criminal behaviour.

to give a long talk to a group of people about a

particular subject, especially in order to teach The professor lectured the students on genetic
lecture verb students at a university manipulation.

a long talk which gives information about a

particular subject to an audience, usually at It is interesting to see what techniques speakers use
lecture noun university or at a conference to present their lectures.

established by or founded upon law or official

legal adjective rules The legal age limit for drinking alcohol is 18.

legal adjective connected with the law It is important to get legal advice before you marry.

Legislation was introduced on the labelling of

legislation noun a law or set of laws passed by parliament genetically manipulated food.

that is correct and acceptable according to the Selling liquor from your home is not a legitimate
legitimate adjective law. business.

title word or keyword in a work of reference or Lemmas are listed in alphabetical order in the
lemma noun dictionary dictionary.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

You cannot understand the figurative nature of

literature if you interpret everything according to the
letter noun exactly as it was said or written letter.

The international conference on new developments in

quantum physics that I attended was at such a high
level that many of us could not understand the
level noun standard or position on a scale papers.

It is disappointing how standards in education and in

to bring down to the same level or standard as various service delivery sectors in South Africa are
level down verb something else leveled down.

More and more people are becoming concerned

action of bringing something to the same level or about the downward levelling of standards in South
standard as something else in order to attain Africa’s education and municipal service delivery
levelling noun uniformity systems.

Students must limit themselves to the core facts of

to set a restriction to the size or amount above or each test question, otherwise they will not be able to
limit verb below something may not extend finish the test.

He pushed his body to its physical limits during the

limit noun the greatest or smallest amount that is allowed marathon.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a limit on what something can do or how good The company has placed a limitation on the time we
limitation noun they can be have for completing the project.

The time in which we have to complete the project is

limited adjective restricted in size, amount or time limited.

condition of being restricted in size, quantity or Often, scientific progress is hampered by the
limitedness adjective time limitedness of ideological views.

Although the writer’s words follow each other

hierarchical or chronological exposition from one directly, one must constantly read back to follow his
line noun point to the next line of thought.

adjective, arranged along a straight line or progressing in

linear adverb logical steps The author’s work should not be read linearly.

linguistic adjective relating to language or linguistics The focus in linguistic journals is obviously linguistic.

Linguistics focuses on the study of the language

study of the language system or subdivisions system in general, but different subdivisions of
linguistics noun thereof linguistics focus on the structure of specific languages.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

A conjunction links two main sentences or a main

link verb to literally connect sentence and a clause.

the relationship between things or situations, The link between the main sentence and the clause is
link noun especially where there is a logical connection established by a conjunction.

list verb make a list of things in a particular order List the ten most important causes of poverty.

In legal language, words are usually used in their

literal adjective with the basic or usual meaning literal meaning.

The literate person can recognise all the letters of the

literate adjective able to read and write alphabet in different combinations in words.

Whenever my grandmother gives me a very expensive

figure of speech that emphasises something by gift, she always uses lithotes to downplay it as
litotes noun reduction, e.g.: I hope you like the old gift. something insignificant.

determine the place of someone or something by The mechanic located the fault in the engine of the
locate verb searching or examining car.

Factories should ideally be located close to energy

located adjective be in a specific place sources.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The logic behind the idea is almost impossible to see

logic noun sensible reasons for doing something unless you have read the first three chapters.

Computer science students are required to study logic

science of the general laws underlying correct, in order to improve their reasoning skills for advanced
logic noun systematic thinking programming.

The judge could not see the logic and asked the
logic noun reasoning that connects cause and effect advocate to clarify his argument.

logical adjective following the rules of logic The report is presented in a simple and logical way.

adjective, A logical line of thought does not necessarily express a

logical adverb according to the rules of logic and argument valid view.

No one realised the magnitude of the environmental

magnitude noun relative importance, size or extent problem.

Some municipalities in South Africa are struggling to

maintain verb let something continue or proceed maintain basic municipal services.

She has found it difficult to maintain a healthy balance

maintain verb to keep in a certain state, position or activity between studying and partying.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

maintain verb to state strongly that something is true He still maintains that he is innocent.

important subject that a student takes at a

major noun university or college Business Management was one of her majors.

major adjective important Unemployment is a major problem in South Africa.

The manifest form of liver cancer is systemic

manifest adjective which can be seen clearly starvation.

True democracy manifests in equal rights to all

manifest verb to be clearly visible people.

Tetanus is one of the diseases that clearly manifests

manifest verb to show or demonstrate clearly itself in the nervous system.

One sees the manifestation of democracy in equal

manifestation noun symptom of something abstract or theoretical rights to all.

to influence or control in a shrewd or devious

manipulate verb manner The voters are manipulated by party propaganda.

The crane driver is an expert at manipulating the huge

manipulate verb to control or handle something skilfully construction crane.

His job in the construction industry involves mostly

manual adjective mainly using the hands or physical strength manual labour.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a book or leaflet that tells you how to do If you don't know where the parts are or what they
manual noun something look like, look in your owner's manual.

The samples in the individual metropolitan areas are

margin noun limit of accuracy or reliability small and the margin of error is therefore higher.

Life is tough for those who live on the margins of

margin noun a group that is not included in the main group society, such as prostitutes and beggars.

the boundary line or area immediately inside the Lecturers normally write their feedback in the margins
margin noun boundary of the written or printed page.

When you read to study, it is helpful to make notes in

the margin about facts that you may be uncertain
margin noun border of a page about.

Xenophobia is often experienced by foreigners living

and working on the margins of informal
margin noun the edge or the border of something neighbourhoods.

The lower-paid groups were marginalised by the

marginalise verb move to a lower or outer boundary emerging middle class.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

relating to people or things that are treated as if Karretjiemense are a marginalised group because
marginalised adjective they are not important farmers no longer employ them as sheep shearers.

mark verb award points or a symbol for value or correctness The lecturer marks our assignments.

I am proud of the excellent mark I received for my

mark noun a number or symbol that indicates performance test.

Students can collect their marked assignments at prof.

marked adjective that has been checked and corrected Smith’s secretary.

Professor Anderson is well known for his strict

marking noun the checking or correction of tests or assignments marking of geology assignments.

The data in your report does not match your

match verb to be in agreement with colleague’s.

The film director used historical material to make her

material noun information or ideas used in books, films, etc. film more realistic.

The artist skilfully utilises the material qualities of The artist skilfully utilised the material qualities of the
material adjective the canvas and the paint. canvas and the paint.

a substance, situation or environment in which

matrix noun something originates, develops or is contained The matrix of all life on earth is said to be the ocean.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The data is displayed in a matrix, and then discussed

matrix noun an arrangement of data in columns and rows verbally.

The matter of state corruption must be tackled to the

matter noun a situation or subject that is being dealt with bone.

The framework designed in the eighties gradually

mature verb to advance physically, mentally or emotionally matured.

If so much of a species is caught that the adult fish of

relatively advanced physically, mentally and (or) that species do not get a chance to breed,
mature adjective emotionally overexploitation takes place.

Both teams have been battling to win games lately

and they will be desperate to pocket maximum points
maximum adjective the largest amount possible, allowed or required from this game.

The university enrols a maximum of 16 000 new first-

maximum noun the largest amount possible, allowed or required year students per year.

If a student sets out his thoughts clearly in a test

mean verb to have the intention answer, his lecturer will understand what he means.

mean verb amount or come down to What does it mean to be really poor?
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Einstein’s theory of relativity still means a great deal

mean verb be of particular importance to today’s cosmologists.

I mean, how can you lose a game if you have an extra

mean verb to express an idea player to your advantage?

what is meant or intended by a word, text or The meaning behind his words is not as simple as it
meaning noun action might seem.

Every student should know the meaning of certain

words in her field of study and also realise that such
what is meant by a certain word, text, concept, words can often mean something different in ordinary
meaning noun etc. language.

A regular reader understands the literal and figurative

meaning noun what is meant by a word or action meaning of words.

The lecturer encourages meaningful contributions

meaningful adjective having a purpose or meaning during lessons.

Our Economics lecturer always encourages

meaningful comments from students during his
meaningful adjective having a purpose or meaning lectures.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Janet doubts the meaningfulness of a fourth

qualification, as her three degrees have given her a
highly satisfying job that she will lose if she enrolls for
meaningfulness noun the purpose or meaning of something another degree.

A special mechanism in the intake system ensures

that the engine delivers the best performance at all
mechanism noun device consisting of a piece of machinery heights above sea level.

the numerical value separating the upper half The five students in the class have a percentage of 34,
median noun from the lower half of a sample or population 56, 57, 76 and 87, respectively, and the median is 57.

She mediated between her two colleagues to end the

mediate verb to act between parties to reconcile differences argument.

The two lawyers are attempting to mediate a

mediate verb to make it possible for something to happen settlement between the plaintiff and defendant.

to bring about an agreement or reconciliation Several people have tried to mediate between the
mediate verb between conflicting parties miners and management to resolve the salary dispute.

intervening in a dispute and trying to bring about The mediating efforts of several people were
mediating adjective reconciliation unsuccessful in resolving the salary dispute.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the process of intervention in a dispute to bring The mediation between management and the miners
mediation noun about reconciliation was successful and they returned to work.

a person who intervenes in a dispute to bring The mediators tried their best to resolve the salary
mediator noun about reconciliation dispute between the miners and the management.

Radio and television are the best media to

communicate important information to a wide
medium noun a way of communicating information audience.

When food is sold, it must meet the requirements of

meet verb to be acceptable or satisfactory basic hygiene.

Difficult mathematical calculations require intense

mental adjective involving the mind or an intellectual process mental effort.

terminology used to talk about language, e.g. text, Young learners should be allowed to read for fun and
metalanguage noun context, genre, style, figurative, literal, etc. not be overwhelmed with literary metalanguage.

concise comparison, such as when the author of Poets use strategies such as symbolism and metaphor
metaphor noun Song of Songs says: My beloved is a bag of myrrh to contribute to the ambiguousness of their poetry.

Opperman is known for his metaphorical handling of

metaphorical adjective using a metaphor or metaphors language in his poetry.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a way of doing something, especially a systematic

method noun way We used different statistical methods of analysis.

The research method is largely determined by the

method noun way to achieve a specific goal researcher’s theory and hypotheses.

Dr. Matshego launched a methodical study of the

adjective, psychological effects of unemployment on single-
methodical adverb according to a method parent families.

a set of methods and principles to perform a The methodology used by the researcher should lead
methodology noun particular activity to useful research results.

The research methodology provides a general

a set of methods and principles to perform a approach a researcher uses to conduct a research
methodology noun particular activity study.

to move from one country or region to another Many mine workers have migrated from rural areas to
migrate verb and settle there mining areas to find work.

Persons with a developed mind more easily recognise

mind noun a person’s intellect, ability to think and reason views that are different from their own.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

minimal adjective the least possible or very small in size The hail caused minimal damage to the car.

The minimum amount to top-up a cell phone account

minimum adjective the least possible is R50.

minimum noun the smallest possible quantity or amount The class notes will cost a minimum of R50.

Only minor editorial changes were necessary to

minor adjective small, limited or small in quantity or size prepare the article for publication.

I made a mistake to underestimate my opponent’s

mistake noun to make an error knowledge of the topic of the debate.

My mistake about the amount of study material

almost cost me my degree, because I started reading
too late and therefore I was unprepared for the final
mistake noun an error of judgement, oversight or miscalculation exam.

Writing and speech are the primary modes of

communication studied by linguists, whereas pictures
mode noun how something is done or how it happens and 3D-objects are the primary modes for artists.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Jungle dwellers will probably not understand modern

modern adjective relating to the present phenomena such as the computer and smartphone.

Many people blame modernism for the disappearance

school of thought characterised by the pursuit of of marriage as a traditional institution because so
what is considered modern – liberal thinking, many young people nowadays live together without
modernism noun modern ideas, practices and styles getting married.

People who accept everything that is modern and

liberal as good and right, without critical thinking, are
modernist adjective associated with modernism modernist in their outlook on life.

Wordsworth has been transformed by literary theory

modernity noun state of being modern from a poet of nature to a key figure of modernity.

Research on the modification of different types of

the act or process of changing something to make games can be a valuable contribution to the game-
modification noun it better or more suitable for something based learning environment.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the act or process of changing something to make The results of his experiments led to the modification
modification noun it better or more suitable for something of his initial hypotheses.

having been processed or changed to improve it or

modified adjective make it better They planted genetically modified seeds.

She modified the recipe by using water instead of

modify verb to make different, adapt or cause to change milk.

Researchers modify their initial hypotheses if they are

modify verb to make different, adapt or cause to change refuted by their experiments.

Water and Sanitation Forums have gained momentum

as communities realise the importance of their
the ability to keep developing or moving forward effectiveness as platforms to articulate their
momentum noun at the same pace grievances on service delivery.

The teacher monitored his reading and saw great

improvement in speed and understanding as the year
monitor verb check or keep an eye on progressed.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

One of the tools for understanding words is

morphological knowledge, because the stem of a
morphological adjective regarding the form word contains the basic meaning.

(study and knowledge of) the parts that make up The morphology of words is useful if one wants to
morphology noun words and how words are formed trace the meaning of words.

motif noun concept that forms part of the theme of a text In the example sentence, each italic word is a motif.

motivate verb encourage someone to do something The promotion motivated him to work harder.

motivate verb to supply reasons for a statement Remember to motivate your answers.

If you make statements without motivating them with

motivate verb supply reasons for a statement facts and examples, they are unconvincing.

Each of his statements is well motivated by fact and

motivated adjective supported by adequate reasons example.

The speaker soon convinced the panel with his well-

motivated adjective well-argued and well-justified motivated statements.

reason why something is done or reason for a People with strong intrinsic motivation usually
motivation noun particular action succeed in what they do.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Statements without factual motivation do not

motivation noun reason for acting in a certain way convince the critical reader.

the reason for doing something, usually something Investigators were unable to establish a motive for
motive noun negative the crime.

Teachers usually aim to build a relationship of mutual

respect and understanding between themselves and
mutual adjective common to or shared by two or more parties their learners.

an ancient story or tale usually explaining the

myth noun origin of natural phenomena Creation myths are found in many cultures.

myth noun something fictional, untrue or unproven It is a myth that trolls live under bridges.

Professor Seakhoa has been named the new vice-

name verb to appoint in a position or office rector of the university.

negate verb to stop something from having an effect Alcohol often negates the effects of the medicine.

to state that something does not exist or is not Fatherhood can apparently be negated until seven
negate verb true days after birth then reality kicks in.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The term LOAD SHEDDING is a neologism which came

new word or phrase, or a recognised word used in into existence because of Eskom’s inability to provide
neologism noun a new meaning electricity.

The neologistic word LOAD SHEDDING originated

neologistic adjective regarding a new word during South Africa’s electricity crisis in 2018.

a group of people or institutions which work The extended network of the family is thought to be
network noun together and are connected to one another the foundation of a successful society.

neutral adjective not taking sides in a disagreement I prefer to remain neutral on this matter.

neutral adjective which do not express any strong opinion Business communication should use neutral language.

nevertheless adverb despite this fact It was a predictable, nevertheless entertaining, film.

next adjective following immediately after something else The next aspect to be addressed is fire prevention.

The next aspect that will be dealt with, is the

next adjective following in time or order prevention of fires.

She found her niche in the banking world as an

niche noun a job or activity that is perfectly suited to someone equities trader.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Some of the most popular music was created as a

theory that rejects all existing systems and faith in result of musicians and singers using the principle of
nihilism noun these systems nihilism to create original sounds.

The self-destructive urge of many young people is

often explained as the result of their nihilistic feeling
about life, therefore one can in a sense refer to them
nihilistic adjective rejecting all principles of religion and morality as nihilists.

to suggest formally that somebody should be

nominate verb chosen for an important role, prize, etc. He nominated his friend as class representative.

nominated adjective who has been named I know the nominated vice-rector of the university.

A student’s level of academic literacy is not the only

factor that influences his or her performance, it is
nonetheless one of the critical contributing factors
nonetheless adverb despite this fact that determines academic success.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a standard, model or pattern that is accepted

within a specific group, or is considered typical of a Women who stay at home and live off their husbands’
norm noun particular group incomes are no longer the norm in the USA.

There are a number of norms that determine whether

a prospective student is ready for academic study at a
norm noun standard, benchmark or guideline university.

Anger is a healthy, normal emotion when expressed

normal adjective the usual or average standard, level or type appropriately.

Language teaching that aims at a generally accepted

normative adjective characterized by norms form of the target language is normative in nature.

A notable feature is the ease with which children

notable adjective that can be noted or taken note of interact with technology.

Our lecturer always notes something encouraging in

note verb notice and (or) give an opinion our assignments, even if we did not do well.

A private sale exposes one to various risks, but two

noteworthy noun deserving of receiving attention are particularly noteworthy.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The researcher noticed significant differences during

notice verb to observe or to pay attention to his observation of chimpanzees and gorillas.

an idea, belief or opinion about something, which As early as 1725 John Clarke examined the notion of
notion noun is often not very clear or precise moral good and evil.

Notwithstanding the evidence, the man will not be

notwithstanding adverb without being affected by charged with murder.

new or unlike anything that has been seen, done Her novel idea is to open a street theater in the
novel adjective or created before central business district of the city.

The writer’s novels are studied in English departments

novel noun a lengthy narrative in prose all over the country.

The experienced poet creates subtle nuances of

nuance noun subtle difference in meaning or shade darkness and light through punning.

The skilled painter nuances her painting with different

nuance verb to reproduce the effect of shade in painting shades of green.

The skilled poet manages to nuance his poem with a

nuance verb to choose words subtly wordplay of light and dark.

The nuanced wordplay of light and dark in the poem is

nuanced adjective characterised by subtle shades of meaning fascinating.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

where the effect of shade has been reproduced in Only the experienced painter sees the nuanced use of
nuanced adjective a painting green in her painting.

related to an atomic nucleus, or nuclear or atomic An increase in nuclear charge results in a greater
nuclear adjective power attraction between the electron and the nucleus.

using, producing or resulting from energy derived The country is looking into using nuclear energy more
nuclear adjective from splitting an atom extensively in the near future.

Objectification of his own emotional reactions during

process of making something impersonal or a court case is one of the outstanding qualities of a
objectification noun objective competent judge.

In order to render a fair verdict, a judge must objectify

objectify verb to make objective or impersonal her own emotional reactions.

objective noun the goal being pursued Her objective was to obtain six distinctions.

The teacher tries to be an objective marker of

objective adjective not influenced by personal feelings or opinions assignments in order to be fair to the learners.

According to constructivists there is no objective

objective adjective existing outside the mind reality.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

adjective, The judge’s objective verdict was astounding precisely

objective adverb ignoring subjective opinion in favour of facts because his friends were involved in the crime.

school of thought that emphasises objective No modern version of contract law wholly embodies
objectivism noun thinking as a prerequisite for impartial research subjectivism or objectivism.

A researcher is required to allow participants to

to force or require someone to do something, withdraw their responses at any time during the
oblige verb usually by law or agreement research.

listening or looking with attention, observing fine Susan is an observant student who sees the finest
observant adjective detail details of a case.

Susan’s observantness is astounding – she sees detail

observantness noun careful attention that others completely miss.

The researcher compiled his longstanding

listening or looking with attention, heeding fine observations about the behaviour of chimpanzees and
observation noun detail baboons in a report.

Fine observation is important in the field, where

botany students should be able to point out
observation noun looking with attention differences between plant species.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

During the entire process the design protocol has to

observe verb to obey rules, laws, etc. be observed.

During the lesson the lecturer observed that many

observe verb to see or notice students had not downloaded the notes.

The researcher observed significant differences

observe verb to become aware of, to notice or to see between chimpanzees and gorillas.

observe verb to make a remark It looks like it is going to rain, she observed.

Botany students observe fine differences between

observe verb to become aware of, to notice or see plants in the field.

The researcher carefully notes all the differences

observed adjective that has been noticed or seen observed between the chimpanzees and the baboons.

I was told my old computer was obsolete and I can’t

obsolete adjective no longer needed or in use get replacement parts.

He obtained permission to miss school for a day so

obtain verb to get or come into possession of that he could attend the funeral.

Prof. Cunningham obtained all his degrees at the

obtain verb to get or come into possession of University of Pretoria.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Dr. Motlanthe recently added a B.Comm. degree to

obtained adjective got or acquired his already obtained degrees.

He missed the obvious fact that someone tampered

obvious adjective easily perceived with the senses or mind with the sample.

The head of the English Department has occupied

several important positions before her appointment in
occupy verb to have an official position the current post.

occupy verb to enter and take control of a place The squatters occupied the land illegally.

The city of London covers an area of 2,9 square

occupy verb to fill or use a space or surface kilometers.

occur verb to be found to exist The disease occurs primarily in adults.

The theft of the three computers occurred yesterday

occur verb to happen, take place or come about morning.

an indefinite quantity, usually slightly more than It happened in a small town in Minnesota about fifty-
odd adjective the round number mentioned odd years ago

During the observation one baby behaved in an odd

odd adjective unusual or peculiar way.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to use one cost, payment or situation in order to Authorities use non-violent methods to offset violent
offset verb cancel or reduce the effect of another methods.

The design and development of new learning material

ongoing adjective currently happening is an ongoing process.

onus noun obligation or responsibility The onus rests on the students to pass their subjects.

Asking someone's opinion and then embarrassing her

in front of a group of people by disregarding her input,
opinion noun based on feelings and assumptions is bullying.

In my opinion, the author of the monograph

someone’s feelings or thoughts about something, conducted insufficient research to come to any
opinion noun rather than a fact definite conclusions.

a view based on a subjective value system and not A person’s opinion is based on his or her subjective
opinion noun on facts, therefore not necessarily true value system and therefore not necessarily true.

Her opinionated attitude shows that she thinks she

opinionated adjective self-willed or obstinate alone has the truth.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The public debate between the two experts is going to

continue for a long time, because if one claims X, the
opposite noun something contrary to that which is discussed other tries to prove the opposite.

one of a number of things from which only one

option noun can be chosen. Online course delivery has become a viable option.

You have two options: a full-length essay or two short

option noun choice between two or more things paragraph answers.

Because the question is optional, you can ignore it if

optional adjective where an option can be exercised you don’t understand it.

a series of events, actions, numbers or letters, Bibliographical references must be arranged in

order noun especially one after the other alphabetical order according to authors’ surnames.

Many young people are often simply thrown into the

to make yourself or someone else familiar with a deep end without being properly orientated or
orientate verb new situation inducted.

Students at technical colleges are orientated towards

orientate verb to direct the interest of someone to something practical subjects.

according to orthodoxy – strict and religious, or They are a disciplined, well-trained choir, with an
orthodox adjective conservative or dogmatic orthodox feel.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The difference between test cricket – with orthodox

field placings – and instant cricket where the limiting
orthodox adjective accepted by most people as right or normal of runs is about all that matters, is big.

Modern believers increasingly experience the

orthodoxy of the traditional Christian churches as
orthodoxy noun generally accepted theory, doctrine or practice alienating and exaggerated.

outcome noun result of something The outcome of the negotiations were disappointing.

The output of the firm has increased during the past

output noun something delivered or produced year as a result of a greater demand.

The learners showed an overall improvement in their

overall adjective including everything reading, writing and spelling abilities.

This year the July school and university holidays

overlap verb to extend over or cover a part of something else overlap by two weeks.

There is a considerable overlap between the syllabus

overlap noun a shared idea, responsibility, activity, etc. for mathematics and physics.

One has to be careful not to become overly romantic

overly adverb too (much) when longing for the farm life of yesteryear.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The book gives a good overview of South African

overview noun concise summary of the main points history from the Stone Age to the present.

figure of speech which links two opposites, e.g. old Oxymoron or not, quad bikes are loads of fun for
oxymoron noun news young and old.

sheet that forms a section of something and often

panel noun separates something from something else The office is visible through the door’s glass panel.

a group of knowledgeable people who give advice The panel comprised of academic staff and senior
panel noun or their opinion about an issue students.

a lecture, often presented at a conference or at a It is interesting to see what techniques speakers use
paper noun seminar to present their papers at a conference.

Nelson Mandela has become the paradigm of a

paradigm noun an example of the pattern of things statesman with integrity for people across the world.

Cape Town stands as the paradigm of a vibrant tourist

paradigm noun a standard or typical example destination in South Africa.

a set of ideas explaining how a subject should be Recent research challenges the current philosophical
paradigm noun understood paradigm.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

framework within which theory formation about a

phenomenon or subject area takes place in a The paradigm of apartheid in South Africa has
paradigm noun specific period changed since 1994.

Oppression is a paradigmatic violation of human

paradigmatic adjective as an example of something rights.

apparent contradiction of juxtaposition of For me, the greatest paradox is the simultaneous
paradox noun conflicting opinions experience of sadness and joy.

paradoxical adjective self-contradictionary The saying Fight for peace is paradoxical.

This new computer has functions parallel to those of a

parallel adjective similar or happening at the same time tablet.

He strongly feels that the artist and the student

should develop along parallel lines, emphasising the
side by side and continuously having the same interdependence of the two parties from which both
parallel adjective distance from each other would learn and grow.

A parallel is drawn between two issues when they are

parallel noun comparison between two things or issues compared.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Instead of quoting three full paragraphs verbatim, the

version of the content of a text in your own words author writes a brief paraphrase of the main points of
paraphrase noun that shows you understand it the passage he wants to discuss.

If you paraphrase an article, you need to understand

it, otherwise you might not be able to capture the
paraphrase verb to write something in your own words spirit of the research.

Her paraphrased version of the article shows that she

paraphrased adjective summed up or expressed in your own words understands the content.

an extra explanation or idea – a word, phrase or

sentence – which is inserted into a passage and is He included the example as a parenthesis to his main
parenthesis noun marked off with brackets, dashes or commas argument.

In the following sentence, the parenthesis appears

between commas: The author, who happens to be my
cousin, received the MC Moller Award for
parenthesis noun insertion in a sentence entomological research this year.

Authors often add parenthetical remarks if they want

parenthetic adjective making use of parenthesis to emphasise something.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

imitating someone or something in a mocking or

comical way, with deliberate exaggeration for The parodied presentation of the famous painting
parodied adjective ironic effect Mona Lisa is condemned by art experts.

mocking mimicry or funny reworking of something The most popular drama of the year was a parody of
parody noun serious King Lear.

Cartoonists regularly parody politicians’ behaviour and

parody verb to imitate mockingly appearance.

imitation of someone or the style of an artist in a

mocking or comical way with deliberate The undermining and parodying of history is
parodying noun exaggeration for ironic effect characteristic of postmodernist fiction.

The paronyms reflect and reflex are derived from the

paronym noun any of two or more words with the same stem same stem.

Paronymic word are words like sing and singer, wise

paronymic adjective with respect to words derived from the same stem and wisdom.

to be actively involved, share or take part in an The students are encouraged to participate in class
participate verb activity discussions.

Students must pay particular attention to spelling

particular adjective indicating a specific person or thing. when writing an essay.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

who supports a person, group or cause strongly Celtic, lying fourth from the bottom, are always
and enthusiastically and does not always think dangerous customers especially when playing before
partisan adjective clearly about the matter their partisan followers.

someone who supports a person, group or cause

strongly and enthusiastically and does not always They are dangerous customers, especially when
partisan noun think clearly about the matter playing before their partisans

The children are portrayed as passive recipients of

passive adjective accepting a situation and not trying to change it culture.

form of the verb used when the sentence starts An example of a sentence in the passive is: The ball
passive noun with the object instead of with the subject was kicked by the boy.

The students struggle to understand the peculiar

peculiar adjective strange or different to what is expected pronunciation of their new lecturer

something that changes regularly from one The pendulum of public opinion regarding abortion
pendulum noun position to an opposite one has swung from pro-life to pro-choice.

A substance is perceived as a liquid when it flows

perceive verb to become aware of through the senses freely like water.

to become aware of, realize or understand Botany students perceive the finer differences
perceive verb something between plants in the veld.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

numerical value calculated in terms of a fraction of The average percentage of the first-year mathematics
percentage noun which the number 100 is the divisor class was 45 percent.

If you look at the first-year students' maths marks on

a percentage basis, this looks like a group of hard-
percentage noun a proportion in relation to a whole working students.

numeric unit in which an increase or decrease or

the significance of a matter is expressed, and This year’s class did 7 percentage points better than
percentage point noun which is usually equal to one percent last year’s group.

period noun a particular length of time He was absent for a period of three months.

period noun a particular time in history or in someone's life The 1980s was a turbulent period in the SA history.

The periodic outbreak of violence in the Middle East is

periodic occuring at regular intervals worrying.

It is an accepted technique to periodise the history of

periodise verb to divide into periods a country according to decades.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

With a policy of eleven official languages, the role of

African languages and literature must be freed from
with respect to the outer edge of something, for the peripheral and submissive role it has played in the
peripheral adjective instance a circle past.

The government seems to focus delivery on the

periphery noun the outer limits of an area centre and ignores the periphery – that is, rural areas.

The permanency of our country’s electricity supply is

the quality of staying in the same state or being determined by factors such as crime-free service
permanency noun permanent delivery and corruption-free managers.

repeated over and over again, in a way that is His perpetual lateness in the morning is irritating staff
perpetual adjective annoying. members.

Perpetual sadness is a characteristic of depressed

perpetual adjective continuing all the time people.

Rumours of corruption persisted for many months

persist verb to continue to happen or exist although the department denied the charges.

to continue to do something despite difficulties or He persists in his endeavours to get assisted

persist verb opposition euthanasia legalised.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

When the author says the clouds are crying and the
assigning human qualities to inanimate things, wind is panting in the chimney, he uses
personification noun animals or nature personification.

The personified verb suggests that the rain will be

personified adjective using personification portrayed as a person.

to represent something non-human in a human When the poet writes: The wind sings in the reeds, he
personify verb way by giving it human characteristics uses personification and thus personifies the wind.

capacity or form in which the mutual and

meaningful coherence of or connection between Watching the TV news every day helps me keep my
perspective noun matters, ideas or facts becomes clear own problems in perspective.

Pieter did not travel much and also read little outside
specific way of looking at the world, influenced by his field of reference, consequently his perspective on
perspective noun a certain value system other cultures was limited.

regarding an evaluation, insight or view regarding Students who consider all perspectives on their topic
perspective adjective a particular matter write in a perspective style.

Her perspective on the death penalty was coloured by

perspective noun a way of regarding situations or topics her religious conviction.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to talk someone into doing something and give The English teacher tries to persuade the students to
persuade verb them good reasons for doing so read different genres.

to talk someone into doing something and give The organisers are hoping to persuade a few more
persuade verb them good reasons for doing so sponsors to come on board.

Techniques of persuasion in written and verbal

the ability to talk someone into doing something communication make readers and listeners feel the
persuasion noun and give them good reasons for doing so author or speaker is communicating with conviction.

adjective, good at persuading someone to do something or The charismatic speaker’s persuasive speaking style
persuasive adverb believe something leaves listeners hanging on his lips.

pertinent adjective relevant or directly concerned with something A good student asks pertinent questions.
to spread gradually throughout every part of
pervade verb something The smell of pizza pervaded the kitchen.

phase noun any distinct time period in a sequence of events Her teenager is going through a rebellious phase.

to plan or do something gradually in an orderly Computer literacy classes are being phased into the
phase in verb way curriculum.

Winston Churchill was a phenomenal British politician

phenomenal adjective exceptionally good – indeed a phenomenon!
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Friedrich Hegel’s way of reasoning is

phenomenological adjective according to the theory of phenomenology phenomenological.

Phenomenology is a trend in philosophy that

trend in philosophy that thoroughly and accurately maintains that every individual has a unique state of
describes phenomena without hypotheses about knowledge, based on previous experiences and
phenomenology noun their causes inherited ideas.

object of perception through senses or The phenomenon of gang violence is a major cause of
phenomenon noun consciousness concern for sociologists and psychologists.

a remarkable thing or situation that can be A solar eclipse always remains an interesting
phenomenon noun observed phenomenon.

Meteorologists are interested in natural phenomena

phenomenon noun any state or process known through the senses such as floods and droughts.

adjective, considering matters and situations sensible and I have never experienced such a philosophical
philosophical adverb undisturbed, even resigned attitude!

During yesterday’s philosophical debate about the

adjective, independent place of ethics outside the context of
philosophical adverb according to the principles of philosophy belief, I realised how philosophical the debaters think.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

My roommate can spend hours with his friends

philosophise verb to speculate or theorise about serious issues philosophising about the relativity of truth.

a belief or system of beliefs resulting from the

philosophy noun search for knowledge. His degree is in philosophy.

science that examines the meaning of things and It is essential that all students understand at least the
philosophy noun of life basic philosophy underlying their field of study.

involving the body as distinguished from the mind He prefers physical challenges, like running
physical adjective or spirit marathons, to studying.

very important, usually because other things The film’s special effects have played a pivotal role in
pivotal adjective depend on it attracting large audiences.

You plagiarise if you copy an author’s exact words and

plagiarise verb to commit plagiarism style and pretend that it is your own.

to copy another person’s ideas or words and Students who commit plagiarism will not be given any
plagiarise verb pretend that they are your own credit for plagiarised work.

Somebody who presents the exact words of another

the criminal practice of presenting someone else’s writer without acknowledgment of author and source
plagiarism noun work or ideas as your own text commits plagiarism.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Sometimes your personal circumstances can prevent

plan verb think ahead and make arrangements you following the career path you have planned.

Find out as much as you can about the planned

planned adjective having made arrangements in advance change and why it is happening.

Learn how to use spreadsheets for your financial

planning noun the act of making plans planning.

Politicians are inclined to think that they are satisfying

an expression or saying that has been made too their constituents by making ample use of platitudes,
platitude noun often to be interesting but that is not the case.

An inexperienced writer often uses pleonasm to

use of more words than necessary to name or demonstrate a flashy style or because she has not yet
pleonasm noun describe something learned to formulate accurately.

pleonastic adjective making use of pleonasms The writer’s style is clearly pleonastic.

Did you follow the plot of the movie or are you just as
plot noun the plan or story of a book or film confused as I am?
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The influence of AIDS on human health is a sensitive

point noun issue, matter or question point of discussion.

The impact of changing weather patterns on the

point noun topic for discussion or debate economy is the next point of discussion.

Cognitive experts regard intelligence as the ability to

temporarily experience a situation from a different
point of view noun angle from which someone approaches a situation point of view than your own.

The positions put forward by the two academics fall at

pole noun opinion or quality that is the opposite of another opposite poles of the debate

The polemical letters in the press show how divided

adjective, the people are about the new government
polemical adverb in a quarrelsome way appointments.

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social

policy noun group The new policy entrenches multilingualism.

polyseme noun any of the multiple meanings that word can have The word HAND has different polysemes.

polysemic adjective with more than one meaning The word LEG is polysemic.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the capacity of a word or phrase to have multiple

polysemy noun meanings Polysemy is fairly general in all languages.

A portion of the profits will be given to the old age

portion noun a part of something bigger home.
She portioned out the sweets between the three
portion verb to divide something into smaller parts children.

to describe or show someone or something in a The novel portrays the joys and sorrows of a human
portray verb particular way life.

The ordinary soldier is portrayed as a moral and

to describe or show someone or something in a religious figure, while the officers represent the
portray verb particular way heartless authority.

If talent were to be measured in terms of how a singer

portrays emotion in a song (instead of measuring it in
portray verb to express something album sales) then this singer wins hands down.

The author’s sensuous portrayal of her characters

portrayal noun the expression of something makes them convincing.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

According to the Leroux children, Kannemeyer’s

portrayal of Etienne Leroux’s life is particularly
portrayal noun the depiction of something accurate.

to create or state a problem which has to be dealt Shift work and working long hours pose great
pose verb with in a certain way. problems for employees and employers.

pose verb to ask This chapter discusses the research questions posed.

He posits that learning is motivated by imagination,

to suggest that something is true so that it can be meaningful opportunities and communication with
posit verb used as the basis for an argument others.

positive adjective good and encouraging There are positive signs that she will recover.

The new curriculum has received positive response

positive adjective good and supportive from academic departments.

positive adjective sure or certain of something He was positive that he had paid the electricity bill.

school of thought which sees knowledge and Critical theory departs form positivism by taking into
meaning as objective and therefore free from the account cultural and social conditions which
positivism noun social influence of context necessarily influence interpretation.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Teachers who accept only one answer in all cases as

positivistic adjective according to the principles of positivism correct are positivistic in their approach.

I believe it is possible to have fun and be cool and also

possible adjective that can be done or achieved to be responsible, sensitive and tactful.

school of thought in the arts, philosophy, religion,

technology and a variety of other fields that arose
after and deviated from various 20th century
movements representing modernism, and which To a great extent the literature on postmodernism has
are characterised by nonfundamentalist, more been dominated by philosophers and modern
postmodernism noun accommodating views language theorists.

If you think truth is relative because it is determined

by social, historical and cultural contexts, you think in
postmodernist adjective according to postmodern theory a postmodernist way.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Intellectual movement in France in the 1960’s and

1970’s as a criticism of the structural basis on To a great extent the literature on post-
which structuralism studies and explains human structuralism has been dominated by philosophers
post-structuralism noun culture and modern language theorists.

The post-structuralist views of writers such as Derrida,

Foucault and Deleuze have strongly antagonised the
more traditional scholars and caused repercussions
post-structuralist adjective according to the theory of post-structuralism especially in the world of literary criticism.

proposition suggesting the existence or truth of Offe challenges the postulate of an organised
postulate noun something as the basis for reasoning capitalism.

to suggest that something is true so that it can be Researchers postulate that a big comet killed the
postulate verb used as the basis for an argument dinosaurs.

MacMillan (2019: 445) postulates that violence often

postulate verb to make a statement occurs in well-to-do households.

The increase of malaria is a potential threat to Sub-

potential adjective that can develop into something Saharan Africa.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the possibility of something developing in a certain When he killed his pet, it became clear that he had a
potential noun way potential for violence.

adjective, A practical solution to poverty is employment and

practical adverb taking concrete solutions into consideration training.

The scientific practice requires the same kind of

dedication with which good athletes practice their
practice noun way of doing something sport.

The old doctor wants his daughter to take over his

practice noun a professional business practice when he retires.

practice noun usual way of doing something Lobola is a common practice in Africa.

to do something regularly as part of your normal Mohamed took us to small artists' village where this
practise verb behaviour unique art form is practised.

Practicing scientific research requires the same kind of

dedication with which good athletes practice their
practise verb to specialise in something sport.

Some doctors practice while others do medical

practise verb to apply theories in a practical way research.

someone who works in a learned profession, such

practitioner noun as medicine or law She was treated by a medical practitioner.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

A pragmatic approach to problem-solving is an

sensible and practical rather than theoretical or American philosophical tradition centred on the
pragmatic adjective idealistic linking of practice and theory.

The pragmatic politician thinks practically if she warns

adjective, against the consequences of decisions in the everyday
pragmatic adverb in a practical way life of the community.

school of thought that finds the meaning of

concepts in their practical applicability to Pragmatism should be thoroughly considered by
pragmatism noun situations politicians when making promises to voters.

The pragmatist tries to solve a problem by looking at

a person who is guided by practical considerations, what can be done that is practically possible and
pragmatist noun more than by ideas feasible.

The main research project was preceded by a pilot

precede verb be earlier in time than study.

A five-year study period in America preceded his

precede verb be earlier in time than current study in South Africa.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

state of being more important to do than other We urge them not to allow greed to take precedence
precedence noun things over fairness.

You must also describe the preceding events and not

preceding adjective coming before something else just the current crisis.

precious adjective of great value I consider loyalty to be a precious trait in a friendship.

What is disturbing is that this confrontation could

precipitate verb to make something serious happen suddenly precipitate campus unrest.

He precipitated the staffing crisis by resigning from his

precipitate verb to cause something to happen too soon job.

precise adjective exact, accurate or clearly delimited Definitions of concepts need to be precise.

predict verb to tell in advance We cannot predict what is going to happen.

The response of the students to the lecture was

predominant adjective for the most part predominantly positive.

predominant adjective more noticeable or important than anything else Death is the predominant theme of the poem.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

an unreasonable dislike of someone or something,

especially when it is based on race, religion, Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly
prejudice noun gender, etc. enforced.

having its origin in an unreasonable dislike of

someone or something, especially when it is based People who hold a prejudiced view of dissidents show
prejudiced adjective on race, religion, gender, etc. a lack of objective thinking.

preceding or in preparation for something more The athlete did well in the preliminary races, but lost
preliminary adjective important the main race.

an exam that precedes a more important exam, You may not sit for the exam unless you have taken
preliminary noun often in preparation for it part in the preliminaries.

Our law system is based on the premise that you are

premise noun an idea which forms the basis of an argument innocent until proven guilty.

a proposition from which another proposition is

premise noun inferred or follows as a conclusion A conclusion follows a premise.

to make a statement that you accept as true and He premised his argument on the idea that all genders
premise verb to use this idea to develop other ideas are equal.
The preponderance of opinion lies with the moderate
preponderance noun that which carries most weight with someone thinkers.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a word that shows the position of something or

indicates a relationship between two referents in a In the sentence The book is in the library, the
preposition noun sentence preposition (in) shows location.

present verb deliver something like a speech She presents her paper convincingly.

The student’s presentation was particularly convincing

the delivering of something like a speech or a as she supported her statements with examples that
presentation noun paper were illustrated through computer graphics.

prestige noun respect and importance earned for things done Her career as a writer has brought her prestige.

presume verb take to be the case or to be true I presume that you are still coming to the party.

to suppose that something exists or is true Since she has already published two articles it is
presume verb although it is not yet proven presumed that she is able to complete her PhD.

Recent visitors may have noticed the pristine

environment and safe, friendly atmosphere that now
prevail verb be common or exist prevails there.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Different conceptions of death and disease have

prevail verb to exist at a particular time in a particular place prevailed during different periods of history.

previous adjective preceding something else in time or order The previous chapter was about the human skeleton.

A primary cause of infant mortality is lack of clean

primary adjective first in rank, importance or value water.

prime adjective most basic or important Smoking is the prime cause of lung cancer.

principal adjective most important The principal component of natural gas is methane.

principle noun a law, rule or theory on which something is based Gravity is one of the basic principles of physics.

In principle, we could soon enjoy holidays on the

principle noun in general moon.

said of a person who shows recognition of right Our philosophy professor is a principled man who
principled adjective and wrong does not deviate from his life principles.

prior adjective earlier in time He had prior knowledge of the fraud.

You must prioritise your activities, otherwise you will

prioritise verb to put in order of importance neglect your studies.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The welfare of our children is our main concern, and

priority noun the thing that you think is most important their best interests are our first priority.

It is probable that different results will be obtained,

probable adjective likely to happen or to be true since the soil conditions were different.

Domestic violence probably also occurs in affluent

probably adverb almost certain, as far as one knows households.

problem noun something that is regarded as bad or harmful Our main problem today is unemployment.

It is extremely problematic if students commit

plagiarism because it impairs the integrity of the
problematic adjective causing problems, or difficult to solve academic world.

cause problems or make something even more The high unemployment rate further problematises
problematise verb complicated the crime situation.

You have obtained four out of five at this level, and

proceed verb to move ahead may proceed to the next level of the program.

a series of actions that are taken to achieve a Writing as a process involve planning, writing, revising
process noun particular result and editing.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Writing is a dynamic intellectual process of writing

and rewriting until you know readers will understand
process noun a series of actions taken towards a specific goal your text.

as a series of steps in order to achieve a particular Researchers who treat their research as a process
process noun outcome take longer to complete their degree.

to put information into a computer in order to use Statistics South Africa process a large amount of data
process verb it annually.

You need to procure the services of a lawyer to

procure verb to get or obtain handle the dispute.

Academics must produce a number of academic

produce verb to make or deliver articles annually to advance their careers.

The product of her years of research was a brilliant

product noun end result of something made or produced thesis.

able to produce large amounts of food, crops, From her four articles this year, one can see that she
productive adjective goods, etc. was academically productive.

working in and specifically trained for a particular The company is looking to recruit young professional
professional adjective profession people.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

someone who works in a job for which special It is not difficult to see that the carpentry was done by
professional noun training is necessary a professional.

I understand most of dr. Van Jaarsveld’s lectures in

spite of their profound nature, because he explains
profound adjective demonstrating great knowledge or insight concepts so clearly.

It is often difficult for the hasty reader to read a

profound adjective involving intense or deep emotion profound argument and truly understand it.

profundity noun great knowledge and deep penetration into ideas It was an event filled with profundity.

It is a challenge for speedy readers to understand the

profundity of certain literary texts, because it is time
profundity noun a matter of great depth and intensity consuming to read them with thought and attention.

During the study’s progress certain limitations and

progress noun the process of going forward or developing obstacles became evident.

the process of moving gradually to a more The progression in the student’s performance is
progression noun advanced state reflected by her improving marks.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

adjective, There was a progressive improvement in the student’s

progressive adverb developing in stages marks.

prohibit verb to forbid Smoking is prohibited in most restaurants.

project noun an important and carefully planned piece of work He has three projects to complete for Accounting 101.

The business projected that its profits would increase

project verb to plan or calculate what will happen by 20 percent in the next year.

He used his influence to promote liberal views in his

promote verb to contribute to the progress or growth of native country.

promote verb to move to a higher rank or position She was promoted to head of department.

proof noun information that shows that something is true The documents are proof that he committed fraud.

to spread a particular opinion or specific

propagate verb information The missionaries propagated their religion in Africa.

Children who grow up in dysfunctional homes may

propensity noun a tendency to behave in a certain way have a propensity to violence.

proportion noun part of a whole A small proportion of the earth’s volcanoes is active.

the relationship of one thing to another in size, Your mark will improve in proportion to the amount of
proportion noun amount or number effort you put in.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The man has a harmonic physique, because his torso

proportion noun the comparative relation to the whole is in harmonious proportion to his lower body.

proportion noun the comparative relation to the whole The proportions of the building made it look strange.

Everyone gratefully accepted the chairman’s proposal

proposal noun usually a formal or written suggestion or plan that the committee adjourn for lunch.

The chairman proposes that the committee adjourn

propose verb to make a suggestion, usually formally or in writing for lunch because everyone is hungry.

The committee members immediately carried out the

proposed adjective what is suggested chair’s proposed action.

There is no immediate prospect to increase research

prospect noun the possibility of future success productivity.

the accepted ways of doing things under certain According to her research protocol she is using a
protocol noun formal circumstances mixed methods approach.

The purpose of science is to test a hypothesis to see if

provable adjective that can be proven it is provable.

He proved that sucrose is not more detrimental than

prove verb to provide evidence that something is true fructose in diabetic patients.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

proven adjective having been shown to be true The validity of his theory relies on newly proven facts.

The textbooks provided do not meet the needs of the

provide verb give or make available students.

the act or process of editing, printing and The research comes shortly after the publication of a
publication noun distributing a text or texts book on South African emigration patterns.

The proceedings followed the publication of a

government report on the local film and television
publication noun the act of making something known to the public industry.

something that comes from the press into the The publication was compiled by the training and
publication noun public domain development officer.

to prepare and issue a text for public distribution

publish verb or sale She found someone to publish her poems.

purchase noun something obtained by paying money for it The laptop was a necessary purchase.

purchase verb to get something by paying money for it They just signed an offer to purchase the house.

purport verb to claim to be the case He purports to speak on behalf of the residents.

The purpose of her medical studies is to become a

purpose noun ultimate goal or objective successful pediatrician.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

One can see from the purposeful way in which she

studies that she wants to pass with distinction at the
purposeful adjective with a specific purpose or goal in mind end of the year.

pursue verb to try to achieve something over a period of time With guidance and support, she pursues her dreams.

purview noun purpose or tendency Religious people love books with a religious purview.

an extra piece of information that limits that which

qualification noun has been said, written or believed before She welcomed the proposal without qualification.

limiting of the meaning of a word or statement to

qualification noun make it less general The statement requires qualification.

an exam you have passed, skills or experience that

qualification noun make you able to do a specific job The student was not honest about his qualifications.

qualify verb to supply more information The adjective qualifies the noun.

Certain statements will have to be qualified to make

qualify verb to support with more detail, evidence or examples the argument stronger.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to pass an examination or be successful in a sports

competition so that you can continue to the next
qualify verb stage or be able to do a particular job Her father qualified as a teacher 28 years ago.

The adjective stands in a qualifying relation to the

qualifying adjective which describes something in more detail noun.

which measures the quality rather than the Open-ended questions were used to collect
qualitative adjective quantity of something qualitative data.

that is researched or analysed by describing its Qualitative research focuses on the experimental
qualitative adjective quality process and the influence of context on data.

The quality of her research is the product of expertise

quality noun a standard, measured against other things and dedication.

that can be researched or analysed by means of Data that can be analysed numerically and
quantitative adjective measurement mathematically are quantitative in nature.

In the last few years, growth has been deliberately

limited so that the focus can be on quality rather than
quantity noun measurable quantity quantity.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Einstein seriously questioned Niels Bohr’s quantum

to ask questions, often in official or academic theory early in the 20th century, because he did not
question verb context believe in its validity.

Niels Bohr refuted Einstein’s questioning of his

quantum theory at the large gathering of scientists in
1927 by providing evidence for each and every one of
questioning noun the critical process of asking questions Einstein’s questions.

words from another person, which somebody uses When you want to use quotations in a text that you
in their own writing or speech, with an indication are writing, the sources of such quotations should be
quotation noun of the source properly acknowledged.

to use what somebody else has said or written in He quoted from a reputable source to give his own
quote verb your writing or speech writing more credibility.

taken from another text without changing

quoted adjective anything Quoted words must be enclosed in quotation marks.

new and different, and likely to have a strong It's tempting to make radical changes in many areas of
radical adjective effect your life.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

During those days his progressive views were

radical adjective in favour of drastic political change regarded to be radical.

Religious radicals stormed into the cathedral and

radical noun someone who holds radical views overturned the sculptures of saints.

He used a random sample of 1 500 housewives to

chosen in such a way that all possible choices have determine their opinions on waste separation in the
random adjective an equal chance home.

in a way that all possible choices have an equal The findings are based on a random sample survey of
random adjective chance of being considered 1 450 registered voters in South Africa.

adjective, The accumulation of random facts often occurs in

random adverb without a plan or logical order assignments.

When the fluid was heated, molecules start moving

random adjective without an order or plan randomly.

The randomness of statements without motivation is

randomness noun state of being without a logical order or plan one reason why students fail in their assignments.

The software package has a range of applications in

range noun all sorts of things of the same general kind quantity surveying.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He is going to talk to the education department to see

how schools can be involved in a series of
range noun the limits within which something varies competitions from poster design to songwriting.

range verb to vary between two specific limits Prices range between R5 000 and R7 000.
to cover a number of things in addition to those
range verb mentioned Her interests range from mechanics to fishing.

The rated tennis players are all within the top ten of
rated adjective categorised according to quality the country.

The ratio of 32 learners per teacher was finalised after

consultations with teacher unions and school
ratio noun a relationship between two amounts governing body organisations.

We are waiting for a rational explanation of the

rational adjective based on or using reason peculiar legislation.

We must make decisions that are rational and in our

rational adjective based on or using reason own best interests.

Please think twice about this, and then make a

rational adjective based on or using reason rational decision.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

People often use the psychological trick of

rationalisation as a defense mechanism to justify their
rationalisation noun act or process of rationalising poor behaviour through simplified arguments.

giving reasons for one's behaviour that makes the

action taken sound logical, but that have been He offers all sorts of rationalisations for his strange
rationalisation noun made up after the fact behaviour.

A spokesperson confirmed the company was

the process of making a company or industry more proceeding with a rationalisation plan but said
rationalisation noun efficient, especially by laying off staff retrenchment figures had not been finalised.

Hitler’s re-occupation of the Ruhr area was a

calculated decision, therefore historians can
rationalise verb give a rational explanation or justification rationalise it.

The government now has to rationalise and cut public

service posts, because the country can clearly not
rationalise verb cut spending and reduce jobs by layoffs afford the salary bill of public servants.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

that has been placed into the sphere of reason or His rationalised arguments didn’t fool anyone,
rationalised adjective logic because everyone knew what was really happening.

It is actually incomprehensible that people living in a

any school of thought that overestimates the role so-called postmodern time still fall back into the
rationalism noun of reason in the acquisition of knowledge rationalism of two centuries ago.

A rationalistic approach to problem solving denies the

too strongly focused on the reasonable at the equally valid role that emotions, intuition, sensuality
rationalist adjective expense of the spiritual and imagination can play within human reasoning.

When the rich believe the poor will revolt, they react
react verb to show a response to something by trying to impose draconian restrictions.

Students usually react positively to an enthusiastic

react verb to respond in a particular way lecturer.

It is evident from the students’ positive reaction that

reaction noun action in response to something they enjoyed the lecture.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

achievement of something that has been For her the graduation ceremony was the realisation
realisation noun anticipated or looked forward to of her dream.

Twenty years later he realised that he had made a

realise verb to become aware of a particular situation or a fact mistake.

She eventually realised that her actions had been

realise verb to understand something with insight wrong.

to achieve something that has been anticipated or After eight years of dedicated study, she realised her
realise verb looked forward to dream of a doctorate in Physics.

We are still waiting for an explanation of the reasons

behind the strange law so that we can understand
reason noun explanation or justification for something why it was accepted.
There are good reasons for learning a second
reason noun explanation for something language.

the ability of the mind to form opinions and

reason noun understand arguments Human reason has the power to change society.

Her argument contains sufficient reasons to convince

reason noun explanation or justification her listeners.

to judge a situation, based on evidence provided in They reason that increased consumption has the
reason verb a logical way. potential to improve the economy.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

She reasoned logically so that everyone could easily

reason verb to state your point of view with your logical mind follow her point of view.

reasoning noun the way in which a point of view is argued Her reasoning convinced her listeners.

to tell someone that something will be suitable for The lecturer recommends Combrink’s book on
recommend verb a particular purpose paragraph writing.

to tell someone that something will be suitable for

recommend verb a particular purpose A friend recommended this hotel.

the proposal that something will be suitable for a Most students pay attention to the lecturer's
recommendation noun particular purpose recommendations on which books to read.

recommended adjective advised as suitable for a particular purpose The students find the recommended book useful.

You cannot reconcile the divergent political views of

reconcile verb to neutralise and accommodate contradictions Socialism and Communism.

to tell an experience in the order that the events The opening chapters of the book recount the glories
recount verb took place of the monarch and the loyalty of his people.

a chronological account of an event or a series of In his autobiography he gives a recount of the

recount noun events circumstances that lead to his deportation.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

recover verb to return to the normal state after some difficulty He is still recovering from a stroke.

to get back the same amount of money that you The retailer has to charge more to recover the costs of
recover verb originally spent or that somebody owed you the renovation.

No-one can say that such a flood or a greater one may

recur verb to happen again not recur next month, next year or next decade.

recurring adjective happening again Guilt and pride are recurring themes in his work.
to send something to someone with more
refer verb authority or knowledge The case has been referred to the High Court.

The written sources that he refers to in his thesis are

refer verb to acknowledge a source somewhat dated.

to consult another section of the same source or

refer verb another source to find information I would like to refer you to page 88.

Even if you write about an author’s views in your own

words, you still have to refer to the author and source
refer verb to mention an author or a text text you consulted.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a thing you say or write that mentions a person or I found the reference to Stanley’s book in my
reference noun a source colleague’s latest article.

a thing you say or write that mentions a person or The list of references was cross-checked with the
reference noun a source sources cited in the body of the dissertation.

a book that can be consulted for information on The lecturer keeps the reference book on reserve in
reference book noun specific matters the library.

The referenced source that so impresses my colleague

referenced adjective obtained by consulting a text is already outdated.

to make something, such as a theory, better by The database is refined to remember previous
refine verb making changes to it searches and to combine those with new searches.

The introductory chapter critically reflects on the pros

reflect verb to think carefully and deeply about something and cons of the neoliberal university.

to express expectations, perceptions and feelings In their essays students had to reflect on their
reflect verb about an experience experiences gained during a visit to a frail care centre.

A prudent person reflects before making decisions

reflect verb to think carefully and deeply about something about his future.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the action of thinking carefully and deply about Reflection is not only the outstanding characteristic of
reflection noun something the philosopher but also of the true student.

the action of making use of the intellect and Without reflection as a process of inner inquiry we are
reflection noun thinking about something equal to the animal that lives purely on instinct.

The reflective person tries to think critically about his

reflective adjective thinking carefully and deeply about something own actions.

South Africa reformed its educational system again to

reform verb to make something better focus not only on outcomes, but also on the process.

a change made to a system in order to make it The economic reforms meant that more jobs were
reform noun better available.

refutable adjective proof that a theory or statement is wrong His theory is easily refutable.

The ecologist’s brilliant refutation of existing global

refutation noun the proof that a theory or statement is wrong warming theories was front page news.

Over the years many scholars have tried to refute

refute verb to prove that a theory or statement is wrong some of Einstein’s theories.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The accused’s legal team successfully refuted all the

refute verb to prove that a theory or statement is wrong charges against their client.

a government, especially one that has not been They predict that the new regime’s reign will be short-
regime noun fairly elected lived.

region noun large area of land, usually with no exact limits Coastal regions typically have moderate rainfall.

alphabetical list (at the back) of important words One can find background in the register of this history
register noun contained in a book book about the historical figures that are at issue.

Professional organisations have codes of conduct that

regulate verb to control something by means of rules regulate the activities of their members.

regulate verb to control the rate of a machine or process The bypass valve regulates flow of hydraulic fluid.

Edutainment programmes on television reinforce

to make something stronger and (or) support it social and educational values while at the same time
reinforce verb with rewards entertaining the viewer.

reject noun something that is seen as being substandard The plate is a reject because it has a crack.
refuse to accept, acknowledge or believe
reject verb something He rejects the theory of evolution.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to show a relationship or connection between two The questions relate to the 15 key characteristics of
relate verb or more things future leaders.

relate verb report something She related her heart-rending story to the newspaper.

adjective, Many people struggle to understand the principle of

relative adverb considered in relation to something else relative meaning.

If you relativise your emotions, it may be that you talk

placing things in relation to other things, which away your own difficulties, present your problems too
relativise verb reduces their absolute value lightly or make your situation look too rosy.

theory that all knowledge, truth, norms and

principles are relative, implicating that they can In 1958 the poet N.P. van Wyk Louw pointed out how
change from one group, culture or situation to relativism deconstructs itself, because the theory of
relativism noun another relativism is itself an absolute statement.

according to the view that there are no abstract The view that there are no abstract universal truths
universal truths that apply to all peoples and that apply to all peoples and cultures at all times is
relativistic adjective cultures at all times relativistic.

We live in the dimension of relativity – we understand

relativity noun the absence of standards things because they exist in relation to other things.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

relax verb to rest while you are doing something enjoyable Stress can be managed by making time to relax.

People with high stress levels can teach themselves to

relax verb to become less anxious relax, among others through breathing exercises.

The Department of Home affairs relaxed visa

relax verb to make less strict restrictions.

He was released from custody after the charges were

release verb to grant freedom to withdrawn.

release verb to make known to the public The government released the new crime statistics.

Writers should make sure of the thematic relevance of

relevance noun the state of being appropriate all their textual facts.

adjective,
relevant adverb appropriate to the context of what is being done We received all the relevant documents.

having a bearing on or a connection with It is important to have the relevant experience when
relevant adjective something applying for a job.

The journalist got the information from a reliable

reliable adjective likely to be correct or true source.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He demonstrated that the research was reliable by

indicating how it was repeated with another group of
reliable adjective that can be replicated respondents.

The reluctance of the university to intervene led to an

reluctance noun a certain degree of unwillingness extended legal process.

The research unit was reluctant to move due to the

reluctant adjective not wanting to do something absence of natural light in the new offices.

The disabled completely rely on their monthly

rely on verb to need or depend on something disability grant.

rely on verb to have confidence or faith in something She relied heavily on the comments of her supervisor.

After the professor made certain remarks about the

theory of evolution, some students made scathing
remark noun a (negative) comment about something remarks about him as a person.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

While explaining complicated mathematical concepts,

to say something with special reference to the lecturer jokingly remarks that students have to try
remark verb something else to stay awake.

After the professor made certain remarks about the

theory of evolution, some students made scathing
remark noun a (positive) comment about something remarks about him as a person.

It is important to remove impurities before mixing the

remove verb to take something away two substances.

transition phase between the Middle Ages and the In die West, the Renaissance is generally regarded as
Renaissance noun modern era the beginning of modern times.

The term African Renaissance was born from the view

revival, especially in the fields of the arts and that developing African states and their people are
renaissance noun literature reviving culturally, scientifically and economically.
She rendered her services to the shelter free of
render verb to give something to somebody charge.

render verb to cause something to be a certain way New technology renders older technology obsolete.
English Term POS English Definition English Example
to show something in a certain way in a work of
render verb art The horse is poorly rendered in the painting.

The replica of the Van Gogh painting will not achieve

replica noun exact imitation of the original nearly as much at the auction as the original.

His research replicates previous work done by his

replicate verb to produce the same thing again colleagues.

react to an opponent’s arguments at the end of a Members of Parliament have the right to reply to the
reply verb debate minister’s speech.

M. asked the officer what the problem was, to which

the policeman replied he was under arrest for
reply verb give an answer drunken driving.

communication on a matter after it has been The Minister of Education’s report on the inadequate
report noun thoroughly investigated provision of textbooks will be released today.

Students who study Social Work have to report on

conditions in informal residential areas at the end of
report verb give an account of something the semester.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The publisher gave him permission to reproduce the

reproduce verb to copy book.

Cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow, reproduce

reproduce verb to repeat the original as far as possible and form a tumour.

Some lecturers expect students to reproduce the

reproduce verb to put into own words views of other writers verbatim.

Reproduced facts just mean that the person is

reproduced adjective exactly or almost exactly like the original parroting someone else’s statements.

Reproduction of facts and scholarly views does not

something that has been reproduced, of which a necessarily mean that a student understands the
reproduction noun replica has been made subject.

He repudiated the opinions held by churches other

repudiate verb to refuse to accept something than his own.

require verb to have need of Five patients required surgery.

require verb to make something necessary Accounting 101 is required for a BCom degree.

The study program in the medical sciences requires

require verb to make something necessary commitment from the student.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The student does not meet the required mark to pass

required adjective which is necessary his exam.

requirement noun a compulsary or necessary condition Fitness is a requirement for fitness instructors.

Fitness is a requirement for entry as a fitness

requirement noun a necessary qualification instructor.

research verb to conduct a careful study to discover new facts I am researching the life cycle of the blue whale.

University lecturers are expected to research new

research verb to conduct a careful study to discover new facts developments in their field of study.

research noun a careful study to discover new facts. All lecturers must do research, as well as teach.

careful investigation that discovers new facts or The research that the doctoral student is currently
proves hypotheses, reviews existing conclusions, doing will help to intercept plastic bottles at estuaries
research noun or finds practical application for theories before they end up in the sea.

researched adjective investigated systematically Fortunately, the researched problem was solved.

reservoir noun a large supply or collection of something The Internet is a reservoir of information.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

It has become a trend for adult children to reside with

reside verb to live at (in) their parents until they are into their thirties.

His life changed when he became resident artist at the

resident adjective who lives or works in a place. centre.

resident noun someone who lives or works in a place He is a resident of Cameroon.

the part of money or property that remains after The residue of the estate was divided among the
residue noun all the debts have been paid heirs.

He found that the concentration of the microscopic

particles was too low, and that one would have
what is left behind after the main part has been expected more residue on their hands if shots had
residue noun taken away been fired.

being able to recover quickly from adverse Jeff faced many hardships in his life, yet he was alway
resilient adjective circumstances resilient and able to overcome adverse circumstances.

The drought resistance of plants is important when

resistance noun ability to persist biologically and psychologically planting in arid parts of the country.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

It should be realised that natural resources used in

supply of something that a country or an generating electricity, such as coal and water, are not
resource noun organisation possesses and can use infinite.

Students may access printed material and online

resource noun something that can be used to help achieve an aim resources for the assignment.

My two brothers did very well in their respective fields

respective adjective various of study (Physics and Mathematics).

Tomorrow Mary and Peter will write their exams in

respectively adverb separately and in the order already mentioned French and Mathematics respectively.

The lecturer responded to the queries of the students

respond verb to react to something via e-mail.

respond verb to improve as a result of a particular treatment The cancer patient responded well to radiation.

Students usually respond positively to an enthusiastic

respond verb to say or do something in reply to something lecturer.

I am awaiting a response from the ethics committee

response noun reaction to something regarding my research proposal.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The lecturer’s enthusiasm often leads to responsive

students asking questions and voicing opinions in
responsive adjective as a reaction to something class.

Investor confidence seems to have been restored

restore verb to bring back a situation that existed before after the institution of the new government.

They had to restrain the patient after his mental

restrain verb to hold someone back breakdown.

Passengers are restricted to one litre of fortified wine

restrict verb to limit the size, amount or range of something on overseas flights.

to limit yourself to a certain amount of something

restrict verb or a certain activity She restricted the amount of fat in her diet.

Lecturers usually place a restriction on the number of

restriction noun a limiting condition words students are allowed to use in test answers.

restrictive adjective setting boundaries or limits This restrictive daily routine has frustrated him.

something that has happened or is produced Because government mismanagement is increasing,

result noun because of something else distrust of leadership is the result.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Mismanagement at government-level is increasing

result noun as a consequence and as a result, confidence in leadership decreases.

The results showed that there is an acute lack of

something that has happened or is produced critical management skills especially in the areas of
result noun because of something else strategic capability and leadership.

retain verb to keep a substance that has been taken in Compost helps to retain moisture in the soil.

The company uses loyalty programmes to retain its

retain verb to keep someone or something customers.

A lack of nutritious food retards the growth of

retard verb to slow a process children in poor countries.

The striking retrograde in the author’s last two works

is apparently due to a rare brain disease recently
retrogradation noun backward movement or decrease in quality diagnosed with him.

retrograde adjective arranged according to the end of words a retrograde dictionary

looking back and thinking about one’s own I was too bound up with the problems of the present
retrospection noun actions, which often leads to new insight moment to enjoy the luxury of retrospection.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

adjective, Retrospective solutions to problems are the result of

retrospective adverb looking back on past events or situations an objective look at problem situations in the past.

After he had made the allegations he was forced to

reveal verb to let information become known reveal his sources.

The most recent research has revealed that a high-

reveal verb to make known which was previously kept secret protein diet can be detrimental to certain people.

the entire amount of income before any This month’s revenue is down by 3 percent from last
revenue noun deductions are made month.

reverberate verb have (serious) consequences The conflict reverberated around the world.

The choir left the hall in reverse order with the

reverse adjective in the opposite order to the usual order archdeacon leaving last.

The telephone company has reversed the backlog,

to change completely so that it is the opposite of and all the applicants who apply for telephone lines
reverse verb what it was before are now helped within a month.
to change something in order to make it better or You can be awarded a pass mark if you substantively
revise verb more suitable revise your essay.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

She thoroughly revised her work for the

revise verb to study work that you have already learnt supplementary examination.

The oppression of Antiochus caused the Jews under

revolt verb to reject authority, often violently the leadership of the Maccabees to revolt.

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed his famous

ninety-five statements to the church door in
Wittenberg, which was a sign of the widespread revolt
revolt noun a protest against authority against the Church.

In the 1990s a high-performance disk drive on your

computer rotated at a speed of 90 revolutions per
revolution noun a single complete turn second.

an important change in ways of thinking or doing The industrial revolution was started by technological
revolution noun that affects many people innovations such as the printing press.

revolve verb to focus on one thing The discussion revolved around global warming.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

kuns van logiese redenering en die gebruik van In his well-known work, Rhetoric, Aristotle set out the
rhetoric noun oorredingstegnieke tydens die voer van ’n debat rules of argument in fine detail.

A rhetorical question requires no answer, but involves

the audience or reader in the thought process behind
rhetorical adjective to which no answer is expected the argument.

making use of grandiloquent words and

rhetorical adjective superfluous clichés The essay was windy and rhetorical in tone.

rhythm noun a repeated pattern of sounds or movements The doctor listens to the rhythm of my heart beat.

People have always organised events to match the

rhythm noun a regular pattern of changes rhythm of the seasons.

rigid adjective not bending or changing shape Bacterial cells have rigid cell walls around them.

Supervisors should never be too rigid in the advice to

rigid adjective not willing or able to change students.

the fact of being careful and paying great attention Research should be characterised by objectivity and
rigour noun to detail rigour.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The rigours of the mathematics module caused many

rigour noun thoroughness in making sure something is correct students to fail.

the actions and activities assigned to a person or The middle class has a critical role to play in helping
role noun group the economy to grow and create jobs.

fascinating, mysterious or imaginative aura,

character or mood often associated with Many readers find in Barbara Cartland’s books a
something adventurous, imaginary or unreal, or romance that is inherent in the space of castles,
romance noun with something from a bygone era wealth and romantic love.

Standing in the dusk next to the waterfall is very

romantic adjective characterised by an idealised view of reality romantic.

War is often romanticised by people who themselves

romanticise verb represent in a romantic way have never had to survive in a war situation.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

movement in the visual arts, literature and music

that reached a peak in the late 18th and early 19th
centuries, characterised by an increased interest in
nature and the past, an emphasis on the
individual's expression of emotion and You might for example define Romanticism as an
imagination, an escape from reality and a revolt artistic movement centrally concerned with the
Romanticism noun against existing conventions and social norms relationship between the self and others.

The main shipping route to the Mediterranean is

route noun an established road or path to travel along through the Suez Canal.

route noun a certain way of achieving something The fastest route to success is hard work.

He had only a rudimentary understanding of

rudimentary adjective dealing with simple and basic facts or ideas medicine.

rudimentary adjective basic and undeveloped Prehistoric people used rudimentary tools.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

By means of his sample of thousand matric learners,

manageable part of a larger whole from which the the researcher will hopefully gather enough
researcher can derive the properties from the information to be able to make valid inferences about
sample noun whole with the appropriate statistical operations the entire matric population.

Sanctions against all leagues and associations who did

a punishment to make people obey laws or not adhere to basic safety principles were being
sanction noun customs considered.

A Catholic cannot get divorced without the sanction of

sanction noun permission or approval for an action the Catholic church.

The following statement testifies to sarcasm: Wow,

but you are too clever for words. Half of you fail the
sarcasm noun caustic mockery, intended to hurt test with flying colours.

using irony in order to mock, saying the opposite Her sarcastic words were directed to half the class
sarcastic adjective of what is meant who failed their tests.

a natural body in space, which revolves around a

satellite noun larger body The moon is one of the earth’s satellites.

a country, town or organisation controlled by a

satellite noun larger one Many East European countries were Russian satellites.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a machine which has been sent into space and The weather satellite sends valuable information back
satellite noun which revolves around a planet to earth.

the practice of exposing human or social folly,

shortcomings or malpractices in a mocking, ironic The column provides a platform for the editor to post
satire noun or sarcastic way a weekly satire about his enemies.

adjective,
satirical adverb mocking or challenging a satirical style

The satirical style of Shapiro’s political cartoons often

upsets the politicians because their mistakes are
satirical making use of satire unmasked.

Cartoons generally satirise politicians’ mistakes and

satirise verb to criticise by means of satire human weaknesses.

Some sketches in newspapers satirise, among other

satirise verb to make use of satire things, the mistakes of politicians.

to fill something or someone completely with The market is saturated with cell phone
saturate verb something so that nothing more can be added manufacturers.

to look quickly at something, e.g. a text, to find She scanned through the article to find information on
scan verb relevant information the causes of global warming.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to produce an image of a document by making use

of a hardware appliance which uses light or The terminologist scans relevant scientific articles to
scan verb another means build a corpus of academic words.

to read with the eyes moving swiftly over the page When you search for a snippet of information, you
scan verb in search of specific words scan the text without reading every word.

swift eye movement over a page to search for Scanning is the technique to search for information in
scanning noun specific words a text without reading every word.

The screenplay writer has completed three scenarios

scenario noun an outline or synopsis of a play for three films.

the description of an event or series of events that The lecturer gave the students four different scenarios
scenario noun may serve as an example to which they had to apply the framework.

They completed the rocket launcher ahead of

schedule noun a list of times at which things are planned to occur schedule.

The airline scheduled extra flights over the holiday

schedule verb to include something in a schedule season.

This schema serves as an expectation frame for the

schema noun an outline of a plan or a theory project.
English Term POS English Definition English Example
Many people who work are members of a pension
scheme noun an elaborate and systematic plan of action scheme.

knowledge of phenomena and laws that are

accepted as valid because they have been
acquired through a systematic process of
theorising, exact observation, experimentation, In the exact sciences, researchers do not tend to make
science noun counterchecking and argumentation emotional statements.

The scientific nature of the conference was evident in

the way speakers explained their findings within the
framework of their research theory and experimental
scientific adjective based on science setup.

The research undertaken by the postgraduate student

scope noun framework does not fall within the scope of the Humanities.

an area in which something operates or has power

scope noun or control The police expanded the scope of their investigation.
the extent or range which is covered by a book,
scope noun discussion, etc. The scope of the research is impressive.

the number of points you receive for a test or Students usually remain silent about their score for
score noun assignment maths.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

secrete verb to produce a liquid substance A skunk secretes a terrible smelling liquid.

The five sections of the physics textbook deal with five

section noun separate part of a whole separate themes.

The council of elders manage a section of their lands

section noun one of several parts or pieces that fit with others as a game reserve.

section verb to separate something into smaller parts They sectioned the book into 17 chapters.

There is a general shortage of doctors in the public

sector noun a particular aspect of life or activity sector.

secure verb to obtain or achieve something That division secured a major building contract.

He felt so secure in his job that he bought a new

secure adjective free from danger or risk house.

seek verb to try to do or find something He sought to improve his English.

segment noun a smaller part of something. A segment of the painting was damaged.

She segmented the orange so that each child could

segment verb to divide something into smaller parts have a piece.

Twenty finalists were selected to compete in the next

select verb to choose someone or something carefully round.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Dog breeders only use select dogs to maintain

select adjective carefully chosen according to certain standards pedigreed bloodlines.

meeting of experts and students in a specific field

of study for discussion, research or hands-on An entomology seminar will be held over the weekend
seminar noun practice on the spreading of weeds from Australia.

A regular reader understands the literal and figurative

sense noun the meaning or purpose of something sense of words.

If you read analytically, you separate paragraphs,

sentences and even words from each other to
separate verb to divide into different parts or groups examine them separately.
The tour guide separated the group into smaller
separate verb to divide into different parts or groups groups.

If you read analytically, you separate paragraphs,

sentences and even words from each other to
separately adverb divided into different parts or groups examine them separately.

a series of events, numbers or actions that follow Number each paragraph in the margin in order to
sequence noun in a particular order. indicate the correct sequence for the paragraphs.

Bibliographical references must be arranged in

a series of events, numbers or actions that follow alphabetical sequence according to authors’
sequence noun in a particular order surnames.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a group of events or actions, especially happening The earthquake was followed by a series of smaller
series noun one after another aftershocks.

to move from one position, opinion or situation to Public opinion has shifted: those who were in favour
shift verb another of the war are now opposing it.

a move from one position, opinion or situation to There has been a shift in voter opinion during the
shift noun another student elections.

When World War II broke out, many people did not

realise the significance this event would have over the
significance noun the importance or meaning of something course of history.

The increase in the petrol price will have a significant

significant adjective meaningful or important effect on food prices.

When World War II broke out, many people did not

realise how significant this event would be over the
significant adjective meaningful or important course of history.

In that particular culture her long hair signifies her

signify verb to be a sign of something status as an unmarried woman.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

They had similar experiences as students, even

similar adjective like something else but not completely the same though they studied at different universities.

There is no similarity between the data in your report

similarity noun the state of being similar and that of your colleague.

reproduce the behaviour or appearance of They used the model to simulate the effects of a
simulate verb something or someone hurricane on the area.

In the play, the students shook a piece of corrugated

simulate verb to imitate the nature of something iron to simulate the sound of thunder.

In the beginner’s course in German, the students are

all given new German identities and then simulate a
simulate verb to imitate the nature of something whole new biography.

Each time, my roommate is lucky enough to get a

certificate from a gullible doctor after a brilliantly
simulated adjective mimicked or imitated simulated stomach ache.

Nowadays one can buy books with interesting

continuous role play as part of a teaching or examples of simulations within the school context, the
simulation noun training situation business context, etc.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Experimental results have been analysed with

simulation noun imitation of a process computer simulations.

A clearing operation to remove intruder wattle trees

and a simultaneous operation to close down the last
simultaneous adjective happening or existing at the same time remnants of the mine will start in early December.

Hiroshima is still visited by those wanting to see the

site noun a place where something important happened site of the first atomic bomb attack.

She has not even completed the skeleton of her new

skeleton noun the framework of something novel, let alone filled in the details.

The abstract gives a brief sketch of the theoretical

sketch noun a short description of something background.

sketch verb outline something briefly and roughly She sketched her house.

the ability to do something well or to master The international researcher has also mastered the
skill noun something difficult skill of charcoal sketching.

said of someone who has mastered something and The international researcher is also skillful in the art of
skillful adjective can do it well charcoal sketching.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The student quickly skims the synopsis of the article to

skim verb to read something quickly to find the main points see if it is relevant to her own topic.

Before I read the book, I skimmed through it looking

skim verb page through at the main headings and illustrations.

group of people with more or less the same The values within a society normally influence the
society noun interests and values thinking of individuals within that society.

The solution to social issues is partly the responsibility

solution noun the way to solve a problem of academics.

Social problems are only solvable if experts and

solvable adjective possible to solve academics work together.

The end of poverty will largely solve the problem of

solve verb deal with a difficult situation hunger.

One of the most important tasks of the researcher is

solve verb to find a solution for problem to solve research problems.

showing or having a lot of experience of the world The demand for delicacies has risen with the
sophisticated adjective or of social situations emergence of a sophisticated urban population.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Sophisticated software is needed for this kind of work-

sophisticated adjective complicated or cleverly designed flow simulation.

The thorough student always indicates his sources in a

source noun original text bibliography.

source noun the place from which something comes Oranges are a very good source of vitamin C.

source noun a person or document that provides information Good journalists never reveal their sources.

source noun the cause of something A fractured femur was the source of the pain.

concerning the position, size or shape of To be a good architect, you need to have fine spatial
spatial adjective something awareness.

Three speakers from our law faculty delivered brilliant

speaker noun somebody who speaks or reads a paper papers at an international conference.

Students should support their statements with

specific adjective defined clearly specific facts.

In order to report the case they need the specific time

specific adjective particular, exact or detailed of the incident.

I specifically like the author’s style, because it’s simple

specifically adverb particular, exact or detailed and self-explanatory.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Only a mathematical specification of the distance

between galaxies will make man realise the enormity
specification noun description or detailed expression of something of the universe.

I miss a clear specification of the steps you followed in

specification noun detailed description your research.

specified adjective that has been stated or set The specified date does not suit all members.

The rescue team needed the GPS coordinates to

specify verb to state a fact clearly or identify something clearly specify the exact location of the plane crash.

You need to specify more clearly which chemicals you

specify verb to describe in detail need in the laboratory.

People across the political spectrum voted in favour of

a range of opinions or beliefs relating to the same sanctions against countries that are guilty of the gross
spectrum noun subject violation of human rights.

to buy or sell goods or shares in the hope of He has speculated very successfully on the stock
speculate verb making a profit market in the past.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

One can only speculate as to whether these

speculate verb to form an opinion without knowing all the facts circumstances will influence future events.

area influenced by a particular person or The United States’ sphere of influence stretches
sphere noun organisation across the entire globe.

the non-physical part of a human as the seat of No brain surgeon has ever been able to physically
spirit noun emotions indicate the seat of the human spirit.

Some students clearly felt the university had

imperialist connotations and should change in
spirit noun school of thought of a certain time in history accordance with the spirit of the times.

Spiritual preparation is just as important as

spiritual adjective in a way that relates to the spirit or soul intellectual commitment.

The balanced person maintains the balance between

spirit and flesh by not wanting to spiritualise
spiritualise verb to take something spiritually everything that happens.

She has a very stable temper and hardly ever becomes

stable adjective resistant to change of position or condition upset.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

What is the standard of academic language

proficiency that universities expect from first-year
standard noun level of competence or expertise students?

Access tests that determine students’ language and

numeracy skills should be standardised, otherwise
standardise verb establish a norm they are of little value.

Universities will have to standardise a minimum entry

standardise verb raise something to the required level level through entrance tests.

Standardised access tests are used overseas to

standardised adjective which meets certain set standards establish first-year access levels at universities.

to suffer because of a mental or spiritual need, or

starved verb to crave something She was starved of stimulating conversation.

state verb to say something formally Please state your relationship to the defendant.

The student who states his argument logically, is able

state verb speak or write something with certainty to formulate his view unambiguously.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

something that has been said or written with The listeners were impressed with his clearly stated
stated adjective certainty view on the contentious subject.

Even though you are sure of your statement, you

something that you say or write that gives need to substantiate it with facts to persuade your
statement noun information about something reader or listener.

something that you say or write that gives The company issued a formal statement concerning
statement noun information about something the allegations of fraud.

stationary adjective not moving The bus, having run out of fuel, was stationary.

The supervisor looks forward to reviewing the

statistical adjective relating to the use of statistical data statistical processing of the data.

Official statistics state that two out of every three

statistics noun a collection of information shown in numbers marriages in South Africa end in divorce.

Statistics can be used to determine how many

method that collects and reproduces data in terms students who enroll at a university eventually obtain a
statistics noun of numbers, figures and graphs degree.

Please give me an update on the status of the loan

status noun a state at a particular time application.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He is very proud of the high status he has achieved in

status noun one’s social, legal or professional rank the company.

a fixed idea as to how a certain type of person The idea that all Irish drink a lot is an unfair
stereotype noun should be or act stereotype.

Our mathematics lecturer is the stereotype of a

stereotype noun fixed image of something or someone scattered professor.

In a multi-cultural society, one must be careful not to

to make assumptions about people or situations stereotype people because they do not think, look or
stereotype verb without regard to context act like yourself.

The stereotyped image of the man is that of the

stereotyped adjective relating to a stereotype selfish and unfaithful chauvinist.

stereotyped adjective well-worn or overused People no longer want to hear stereotyped phrases.
presentation of something or someone as a
stereotyping noun stereotype Note the stereotyping in his categorical statements.

Job creation is of the utmost importance to stimulate

stimulate verb to make something or someone more active economic growth.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to state clearly that something must be done and The contract stipulated that each employee is
stipulate verb how it must be done as part of an agreement responsible for his or her own transport.

The regulations of the university clearly stipulate that

stipulate verb to state explicitly students may not be guilty of misconduct.

According to the stipulated regulations, no student

stipulated adjective something that has been specified may be guilty of misconduct.

It is a clear stipulation from the university that a

stipulation noun something which has been stipulated student may not be guilty of misconduct.

There are a number of straightforward techniques to

straightforward noun not difficult and easy to understand analyse the data.

The students don’t understand the lecturer due to his

strange adjective extraordinary strange pronunciation.

relating to long-term goals and how to achieve The strategic reader knows what to do when she
strategic adjective them encounters difficult words in a text.

Management must come up with a strategic plan to

strategic adjective done as part of a plan to achieve a specific goal save the company from bankruptcy.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The effective thinker acts as a true strategist to solve

strategist noun a person who is skilled in planning problems and crises.

The strategy for the research involved a case study

that employed individual interviews, document
strategy noun an elaborate and systematic plan of action analysis and a questionnaire.

The effective reader’s reading strategy contains a

number of techniques that are determined by his or
strategy noun elaborated overall plan to achieve a specific goal her reading purpose.

Workers in the lower strata are always the most

stratum noun a class in society vulnerable.

The professor stressed the importance of attending all

stress verb to place special importance on something lectures and tutorial sessions.

the pressure put on something that may cause it

stress noun to lose its form or break The stress on the concrete caused the bridge to crack.

stress noun difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension He is suffering from examination stress.

noticeable because it is attractive, interesting or

striking adjective unusual It was a striking scene.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Provincial governments have made striking progress in

striking adjective making a positive or unusual impression improving financial management.

adjective,
structural adverb relating to the structure A text with structural defects will fail as a text.

intellectual approach to language, literature,

society, etc., which focuses on relationships According to structuralism, elements of human life
between different elements in a conceptual can only be understood in terms of their relationship
structuralism noun system to a universal structure.

The structuralist mode of thinking, especially after

1950, began to be strongly reflected in disciplines
such as anthropology, philosophy, psychology, literary
structuralist adjective according to the theory of structuralism criticism, economics and architecture.

An organisation is typically structured according to its

structure verb to organise something into a particular pattern main functions or purposes.

The student structures her assignment into three

structure verb to build something systematically parts that are closely connected.

the way in which the parts of something are The main headings are an indication of the structure
structure noun connected or organised of the report.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Students must pay close attention to the structure

structure noun arrangement according to a plan or system within which they build their arguments.

The student's careful and structured thinking

structured adjective relating to a structure impressed the lecturer.

The logical structuring of ideas in an academic essay is

structuring noun arrangement according to a plan or system an important requirement.

She continues to use a journalistic writing style in her

style verb a distinctive way of doing or presenting something essays, instead of an academic style.

style verb to make or do something in a particular way He has tried to style the movie as a Fifties comedy.

The huge group of chemistry students has been

subdivide verb to divide into parts divided into several smaller classes.

subject noun main point being talked or written about The subject of the congress was alcohol abuse.

Over-emotional people tend to subjectify other

people’s words, because they take everything too
subjectify verb to make something into a personal matter personally.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

existing in the mind and not created by external Her belief that everyone is plotting against her is
subjective adjective conditions purely subjective.

A judge may never allow his subjective opinions to

subjective adjective beased on personal opinions or feelings influence his judgment.

tendency to view a matter solely from a personal The subjectivity of his essay was a serious
subjectivity noun point of view impediment.

the action of providing somebody in authority with The service provides for the electronic submission of
submission noun a document that they have to consider or judge tax returns and payments via the Internet.

to provide somebody in authority with a Students should read through their assignments
submit verb document that they have to consider or judge before submitting them to their lecturers.

to provide somebody in authority with a The Security Committee will submit its proposal to
submit verb document that they have to consider or judge Parliament tomorrow.

One band chosen from the submitted demos will be

submitted adjective handed over for consideration or assessment invited to perform.

Many people still believe that women are subordinate

subordinate adjective of less importance to men.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

She was subordinated because her absenteeism from

subordinate verb lower in rank or importance work was beginning to be a problem.

a person who is of lesser importance or rank to Subordinates report to middle-managers, who, in

subordinate noun someone else turn, report to managers.

The subordination of slaves to their masters was an

subordination noun the action of treating somebody as less important accepted practice in the 17th century.

The measures were implemented subsequent the

subsequent adverb following in time or order hurricane in 2019.

During his State of the Nation address to Parliament

last week and in subsequent interviews, the President
subsequent adjective following in time or order made several promises.

subsequently adverb following in time or order Subsequently the focus will be on fire prevention.

The theatre was forced to close when the government

subsidy adjective a grant paid to an enterprise withdrew its subsidy.

to use or add in place of something of someone Since corn syrup was not freely available in the
substitute verb else country it had to be substituted by molasses.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

someone or something that takes the place of There really is no substitute for thorough research
substitute noun someone or something else before you decide on a new home.

The writer gave his book a final title, but still needs to
subtitle noun second title of a book or article formulate the subtitle.

written words at the bottom of a TV, cinema or

computer screen, that repeat what is being said, The dialogue of the film is in French with subtitles in
subtitle noun usually in another language English.

Changes in weather patterns have been subtle over

subtle adjective not very obvious the past three months.

His argument for the death penalty was unusually

subtle adjective organised in a clever and sophisticated way subtle.

succeed verb to get what you want by putting in effort Hard work is the surest way to succeed.

The queen was to have been succeeded by her son,

succeed verb to come directly after something or someone else but he died two days before his mother.

a number of things or people following each other The lawyer convinces the magistrate through the
succession noun in time systematic succession of statements and examples.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Animation is a technique of filming successive

successive adjective following immediately, the one after the other drawings.

The question of poverty and what could be done

about it was taken up by Archbishop Njongonkulu
successor adjective a person who follows next in order Ndungane, Desmond Tutu's successor.

The evidence should suffice to convince the judge to

suffice verb to be enough give him a lighter sentence.

There is now sufficient evidence to say with the UK is

one of the countries with the highest incidence of
sufficient adjective enough multiple sclerosis.

The art of suggestion is an attribute of poetic texts

where the poet indirectly evokes images through
suggestion noun something that is indirectly stated or suggested subjective or sensory word choice.

Any suggestions or criticism regarding the course will

suggestion noun an idea regarding what can be done be welcome.

Good writers use words that suit the context of their

suit verb to be acceptable writing.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Dr. Slabbert has been appointed as researcher,

because his thorough experience makes him the most
suitable adjective right or appropriate for a something suitable person for the job.

In order to write a good literature review you first

summarise verb to give a summary of something have to summarise your core sources.

Our lecturer wants us to summarise the contents of

summarise verb to give a summary of something three prescribed articles.

Stark and Dawes (2009) provide a good summary of

summary noun to give the main points or the gist of something the available research.

Responsible students make summaries after each

summary noun the main points or the gist of a text lecture as part of their examination preparation.

I was not at the lecture so my friend had to sum up

sum up verb to give a brief summary of something what I missed.

Our study of light waves was only superficial and

superficial adjective not thorough, deep or complete other researchers will now take the research further.

A superficial investigation may not yield all the facts to

superficial adjective not thorough or complete come to a valid conclusion.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The student’s superficial answer testifies to a lack of

insight, because she reads her prescribed texts only
superficial adjective only touching the surface of something superficially.

He was in a car accident but luckily only sustained

superficial adjective in or connected to the top layer of something superficial injuries.

to combine two systems or ideas so that one Latin American culture is a mixture of European
superimpose verb influences the other tradition superimposed onto native tradition.
someone who is more important or has more
superior noun authority than others The colonel is my superior in the army.

superior adjective better than someone or something else Kenyan coffee is superior to all other kinds of coffee.

The questionnaire data were supplemented by

to add to something in order to make it more interview data in order to provide a fuller and more
supplement verb complete detailed picture of poverty.

an additional component that enhances the ability

supplement noun of someone or something The doctor said he should take vitamin supplements.

In my dissertation I only added one supplement at the

supplement noun an extra part of a newspaper, book, etc. back, but his contains three supplements.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

You should always support your claims with enough

support verb back up with arguments and supply evidence facts and reasoning.

Students should remember to always support their

support verb give weight to an argument views with clear arguments.

The support of one’s views through well-formulated

support noun something that carries weight arguments is an academic convention.

The church supports the idea that spiritual belief helps

support verb to show that something is correct or true one to cope with life’s stressors.

We obtained supportive evidence for this explanation

supportive adjective that carries weight from a investigation of ...

to imagine that something is true so that you can The researcher supposes that domestic violence also
suppose verb propose a possible result occurs in well-to-do households.

to state a belief that something is true, but One might suppose that graphical methods would
suppose verb without sufficient proof provide an exceptionally useful output.

to imagine that something is true so that you can Suppose that the distance between X and Y are 100
suppose verb propose a possible result m.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Your supposed facts are no more than your personal

supposed adjective assumed or believed assumptions.

We only work with supposed features of motorcyclists

assumed or believed to be the case, but not and therefore have to wait for more evidence of their
supposed adjective necessarily so real behaviour.

The researcher’s supposition that domestic violence

also occurs in affluent households, still needs
supposition noun an assumption or something you believe verification.

suppress verb to put an end to something Russia suppressed the Hungarian revolt in 1849.

The photojournalist had to suppress her fear and

suppress verb to restrain something or keep it from being known move into the crowd to get a close-up photograph.

the most important or the greatest that something Parliament is supreme and the judiciary is subservient
supreme adjective or someone can be to it.

This region is a birding paradise and stretches to the

deep valleys and mountains of the east where thermal
surface noun top layer or upper part of something springs bubble to the surface.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Students who read only on the surface of their

prescribed texts will never achieve the necessary
surface noun the uppermost layer insight into their subject.

A child who is surrounded by caring parents and

surround verb to be around something or someone family members should develop emotional stability.

The team surveyed their surroundings from the ship

survey verb to look at something carefully from a distance before deciding to go ashore and explore.

Certain statements were put to respondents from all

the provinces, and information was gathered in three
different ways: through a survey, in-depth interviews
survey noun set of questions asked to a large number of people and focus group discussions.

to think about the general consequences of a They surveyed the possible consequences that a lack
survey verb situation of sleep may have on people.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The council surveyed the outlying areas of the city and

to look at a piece of land for geographical or found that there was not enough land available for
survey verb building purposes more housing.

The geographical survey shows exactly where the

survey noun a map drawn up after surveying a piece of land volcanic fault lies.

Driven by the need to survive and feed their families,

survive verb continue to exist they'll tackle any job.

The mining company suspended all operations in the

area due to the instability caused by the dolomite
suspend adjective stop a process or a habit by imposing a freeze on it formations.

It is a challenge for educators to sustain the interest of

sustain verb to keep alive or make something continue learners in the classroom.

The high academic standards maintained until

recently at universities will not be sustainable if the
sustainable adjective able to continue admission requirements are further scaled down.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The demand for local beer caused a switch from

switch noun a sudden change cultivating grapes to farming hops.

We need to have more versatile players who are able

to switch from one position to another without
switch verb change from one thing to another encountering any problems.

Aristotle’s analysis of the syllogism demonstrated how

reasoning process consisting of two premises from to reason by combining thoughts in trains of
syllogism noun which a logical derivation follows deductive reasoning.

a process of logic in which two general statements The syllogistic theory does not provide satisfactory
syllogistic adjective lead to a more particular statement answers to all questions.

a concrete sign, or thing, that has a particular In the novel the rose becomes a symbol for literally
symbol noun meaning dozens of different things.

adjective, Traditionally, the red rose’s symbolic meaning is

symbolic adverb as a symbol passionate love.

to represent a more general or an abstract The crucifix symbolises Christianity and the star of
symbolise verb situation or quality David Judaism.

symbolise verb to be symbolic of something A red rose symbolises love.

English Term POS English Definition English Example

The film technicians are working on the final

synchronisation of sound and image in the last
synchronisation noun act of sinchronising episode of the new TV-series.

The film technicians are now synchronising the image

synchronise verb to make things happen at the same time and sound in the last episode of the new series.

The film technicians made sure that the sound and

synchronous adjective occuring at the same time image in the film were synchronous.

synonym noun another word with more or less the same meaning The word WORK is a synonym for LABOUR.

synonymous adjective closely associated ERASE is synonymous with DELETE.

The book gives a synoptic view of South African art

synoptic adjective a general summary history.

Academic texts often show syntactic defects, such as

sentences without a main verb and incorrect word
syntactic at the level of the sentence order after certain conjunctions.

study of different types of sentences and the word The syntax of African and Western languages differs in
syntax noun relationships within these sentences many aspects.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

a combination of separate ideas from various

sources with an indication of how they differ and Students do not realise the importance of a proper
synthesis noun how they are similar synthesis of viewpoints from various sources.

creative merging of unrelated elements into a new Facebook is a synthesis between technological
synthesis noun whole facilitation and the human need for communication.

In building a theory, the researcher synthesises

synthesise verb to bring about an artificial composition different facts and ideas into a coherent whole.

group of objects or parts that work together Even in the times of the ancient Greeks, accountants
system noun according to an ordering principle used complicated systems to keep accounting records.

It is important for companies that want to be

innovative to undertake regular and systematic
systematic adjective according to a system or plan analyses of the market.

It is always refreshing to see such a systematic outline

systematic adjective methodically executed, according to a plan of points of view.

Susan delivers her presentation systematically so that

systematically adverb according to a system or plan everyone can follow what she says.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The teacher's task will often be to help pupils to

systematise knowledge which they already have or
evidence which they collect, and to keep the focus
systematise verb to place within a system clear.

a list of facts or numbers organised in columns and The data was analysed using tables, graphs and
table noun rows discussions.

list, record or log that summarises figures or other The statistical table presents a negative picture in
table noun data terms of economic growth.

taboo noun activity, subject or word that people avoid Committing plagiarism is an academic taboo.

The responses of the open-ended questions are

presented in tabular format to analyse them more
tabular adjective organised in the format of a table meaningfully.

The lecturer expects her students to organise and

tabular adjective organised in the format of a table present their research in tabular form.

It helps you to think more systematically when you

tabulate verb to present something in a table tabulate the facts within the relevant categories.
organise lists of facts or numbers in columns and
tabulate verb rows The data the researcher collected were tabulated.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

One can illustrate the economic growth as tabulated

tabulated adjective presented as a table data so that everyone can get a complete picture.

lists of facts or numbers that are organised in The tabulation of data helps students to think more
tabulation noun columns and rows systematically.

The police have tangible proof the suspect committed

tangible adjective clear or definite the robbery.

target noun object of an action or attack The half-marathon is my next target.

any piece of work which is undertaken or The researcher’s task was to analyse the interview
task noun attempted data that was collected.

The phrase TO REPEAT AGAIN is tautological, because

tautological adjective making use of tautology REPEAT already means to do something again.

phrase in which the same thing is said twice in Bombastic speakers often use tautology to emphasise
tautology noun different words their statements.

She must consult a specialist dictionary to understand

technical noun of or relating to a practical skill the technical terms used in the text.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

relating to machines or exact details, rules or The technical possibilities of modern means of
technical adjective techniques communication are endless.

technique noun a practical skill The tennis champion’s technique is admired.

a special method for doing something, usually A new technique has been developed for purifying
technique noun involving skill water.

a way of performing a certain task, especially used Animation is a technique of filming successive
technique noun in technology, science and sport drawings.

The higher ranks of the civil service, mainly trained in

law, were steeped in a tradition of technocracy and
loyalty to any government that guaranteed efficient
technocracy autocracy of technology and technical expertise administration.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

Viewed in perspective, the planning enthusiasm of

the 1930s and 1940s represented the fusion of still
vital forces of optimism and social idealism with the
relating to the control of society by technical scientific and technocratic spirit of the twentieth
technocratic experts century.

In the medical field, technological inventions thrive

technological adjective relating to technology thanks to the science of nanotechnology.

the scientific study and use of applied sciences, Nuclear technology has played a major role in modern
technology noun such as engineering warfare history.

The most successful factories use the latest

technology noun machinery and equipment technology.

all methods of providing instruments for human Thanks to technology, we can fly from South Africa to
technology noun existence and comfort Europe within ten hours and make transatlantic calls.

The teleological point of view is sometimes called the

teleological adjective that is explained in terms of its end or purpose theory of final causes and consequences.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

In teleological thinking, you would describe a chair by

the theory that events can only be explained in saying what it is used for, rather than what it looks
teleology noun terms of their end or purpose like or is made of.

It is not only the extreme temporariness of their

engagement which distinguishes casual workers from
other temporary workers, but also their employment
temporariness noun state of not being permanent or lasting status.

The temporary shutdown of the plant was caused by

temporary adjective not permanent or lasting an explosion.

temporary adjective not permanent The lecturer is appointed in a temporary position.

The first tentative steps towards transformation were

tentative adjective hesitant or cautious taken in 1998.

In the conclusion she offers only tentative solutions to

tentative adjective not definite or certain the problem.

The contract was terminated when the supplier could

not manage to deliver the goods and service as
terminate verb to make something end agreed.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

the technical words or expressions used in a Doctors make use of an extensive medical
terminology noun particular subject terminology.

text verb to send an SMS or text message She texted me that she is on her way.

text noun the main body of printed or written work The first edition of the text was published in 1887.

a book or piece of writing, usually for the purpose The professor’s text is regarded to be the best in his
text noun of learning field.

tightly woven content in which everything is A situation is also regarded as a text that one
text noun interconnected interprets.

If you take a critical stance on one issue or another,

you should always be able to provide textual evidence
textual adjective relating to a text to support your statements.

the way in which the different parts of a work of

art, music or writing are put together to produce a Students are taught to appreciate the rich texture of
texture noun final effect Shakespearean English.

thankful adjective appreciative I am thankful for my good health.

English Term POS English Definition English Example

The music concentrates on three characters and the

thematic according to a theme thematic contrasts they suggest.

Civil society is a necessarily diverse sphere of social

life, but it is possible to thematise it around dominant
thematise verb to place the topic of a text within context and subordinate forms of social life.

The main theme of the conference is multilingualism

theme noun the subject matter of a conversation or discussion in higher education.

There are many continuing themes in this novel, but

theme noun subject within context in my opinion the main theme is that of contentment.

Theoretical ideas are tested in practice by the

theoretical adjective according to theory, excluding practice researcher to see if they are practically achievable.

Instead of theorising, the meeting should now come

to a decision on how the problem should be
theorise verb to think and talk about ideas and hypotheses addressed.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

process of thinking and talking about ideas and Enough theorising has taken place on this matter; it is
theorising noun hypotheses, or reasoning according to a theory now time to take action.

a formal set of ideas, which attempts to explain A new theory on the origin of the universe has been
theory noun why something happens or exists developed.

an opinion or idea, not necessarily based on There are many different theories on how to raise
theory noun reasoning children.

Medical students have to study much theory before

theory noun the principle on which a subject is based they can participate in practical training.

ordered set of ideas and hypotheses that seek to The movie is based on the theory that humans can
theory noun explain an aspect of reality move faster than the speed of light.

dictionary that groups words according to

concepts and helps users to find the right word for Avoid repetitive use of the same word in your writing
thesaurus noun a particular context by looking up synonyms in a thesaurus.

extended piece of writing completed by a She wrote her doctoral thesis on the effects of
thesis noun university student, based on their own research drought on the economy of Ghana.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

original and independent research submitted to

thesis noun obtain a doctorate Her brilliant thesis is the product of years of research.

statement or opinion that is discussed in a logical The main thesis of his essay is that illegal drug use is
thesis noun way and supported by evidence detrimental because it encourages gang violence.

Stephen Hawking replaced his thesis on the fact that

a statement that has to be defended academically matter is destroyed when it lands in a black hole, after
thesis noun by an antithesis thirty years with a startling antithesis.

research paper that is submitted for a

postgraduate qualification and testifies to Her thesis is about parents' choice to have their
thesis noun scientific research children taught in English.

A thorough investigation is needed into the causes of

thorough adjective with great attention to detail and completeness the pandemic.

A thorough investigation is needed to understand the

thorough adjective with great attention to detail and completeness complexity of the crisis.

Thoughtful people distinguish themselves from

thoughtful adjective thinking and behaving in a kind way uncivilised people.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

timeless adjective not affected by the passing of time The building has a classical and timeless beauty.

The so-called timeliness of the new legislation is being

questioned, as the consensus is that it is too late to
timeliness noun the phenomenon of being on time make any difference.

Being able to see how books are valued and enjoyed

was a timely reminder of the importance of books in
timely adjective happening at exactly the right time the educational process.

Dr. Wright is always well prepared for his lectures,

timely adjective being done at the right time because of his timely planning.

Students are allowed to choose a specific topic within

topic adjective subject that is talked or written about the broad domain of poverty in Africa.

to describe a process or the development of The history book traces the events that led to the
trace verb something Vietnam War.

to find or discover something or someone after After three years he finally managed to trace his
trace verb searching carefully biological parents.

Archaeologists have found traces of a prehistoric

trace noun an indication that something has been present civilisation near Cape Town.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The sociologists at the University work mostly within a

tradition noun academic or scholarly paradigm Marxist tradition.

tradition noun a specific practice of long standing The US has a tradition of federal government.

Honesty would be an example of a central trait,

whereas particular likes or dislikes may be secondary
traits which are characteristics seen only in certain
trait noun a particular characteristic or feature circumstances.

to move something or someone from one place to Through internet banking funds can easily be
transfer verb another transferred from one account to another.

An integrated circuit is responsible for the transfer of

transfer noun the act of movement from one place to another data from the computer to the printer.

to change or alter the form, appearance or nature Energy cannot be destroyed or created, but can be
transform verb of something transformed, for example, from latent to kinetic.

If you transgress, go back to the beginning of your

transgress verb to go beyond the limits intent and start again.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The students’ irresponsible behaviour is a

transgression noun something that goes beyond the limits transgression of the hostel regulations.

the process or period of changing from one Initiation rites mark the transition from childhood to
transition noun condition to another adulthood in many African cultures.

Assessment practices should be transparent to the

point of enabling students to work out the exact
transparent adjective clear and easy to understand requirements of specific tasks.

The type of essay you are going to write depends a lot

a category of people or things having similar on your goal – whether you want to inform, persuade
type noun characteristics or entertain the reader.

having the distinctive quality of a specific type of Power outages are typical of the current economic
typical adjective person, thing or situation climate.

having the usual or standard characteristics of a

typical adjective group A typical middle class family consists of four members.

having distinctive qualities of something or

typical adjective someone It is typical of parents to want to protect children.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

regarding the style, layout and appearance of He forgot to use proper typographic quotation marks,
typographic adjective printed text the double sixes and nines.

The typography of the magazine has changed – now

and then it breaks from two columns to three on the
typography noun appearance, layout and design of a printed text page, and there is a spot of blue on the cover.

A South African man received the ultimate in

ultimate adjective the best or worst of its kind Valentine's Day gifts — a new heart.

The ultimate goal was to develop a theory that

explains the relationship found amongst the various
ultimate adjective the last or final in a series or process themes in the poems.

Modern linguistic theory has uncovered a rich

to form the basis or cause of an action, theory or network of organising principles which underlie
underlie verb argument human linguistic ability.

to perceive, interpret or view something in a

understand verb particular way I understand the universal message of the text.

to perceive, interpret or view something in a

understand verb particular way Try to understand the folly of your actions.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

to perceive, interpret or view something in a Readers without strategies can easily misunderstand a
understand verb particular way writer’s intent.

I have a lot of understanding of my friend’s problems,

understanding noun ability to comprehend because I also experience them in my own life.

Dr. Smit's understanding attitude puts students at

understanding adjective able to comprehend or understand something ease when they do an oral.

undoubtedly adjective without any doubt The result was undoubtedly impressive.

Uniform criteria for determining student fees should

uniform adjective staying the same apply at all universities.

The key idea is that informational structures are used

to encode a variety of linguistic information in a
uniform adjective the same everywhere and at all times uniform manner.

There must be uniformity at all universities about the

uniformity noun the sate of being the same criteria for determining student fees.

unique adjective being the only one of its kind Each person’s writing style is unique.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He spoke about universal human concerns, and

articulated the aspirations of ordinary people towards
universal adjective true at all times and all places across the world peace and a better life.

universal adjective applicable to all people, things or places The thematic power of the tragic hero is universal.

done by involving people or things across the The International Labour Organisation launched a
universal adjective world universal HIV-prevention campaign.

universe noun all existing matter, places and time The universe consists mainly of open space

the fact or quality of happening at an inconvenient The untimeliness of his visits irritates me, because he
untimeliness noun time always comes after midnight when I want to sleep.

untimely adjective not occurring at a suitable time His untimely death shocked everyone.

The University has investigated the usage of lecture

halls and is considering more effective arrangements
usage noun the way in which something is used regarding the scheduling of lectures.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

He uses the right rhetorical methods to convince his

use verb apply something audience.

It takes a bit of practice, but this is a useful technique

useful adjective which can be used for a practical purpose to master.

His utilisation of rhetorical techniques is particularly

utilisation noun practical, effective use convincing.

something that is used, normally for a practical Some students’ efficient utilisation of the library’s
utilisation noun purpose facilities shows that they regard it as useful.

He utilises the right rhetorical methods to convince his

utilise verb to use something for a practical purpose audience.

Many students utilise the library’s facilities to their

utilise verb to use something for a practical purpose advantage every day.

utilise verb to use something for a practical purpose Teachers utilise technology to their advantage.

The republicans now show their utter contempt for

utter adjective absolute, complete, total democracy.

This law is no longer valid because it does not apply to

valid adjective to be operative or in effect our modern society.

She has a valid reason why she could not write the
valid adjective true or accurate exam.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

valid adjective having legal force or authority The contract signed by all parties is legally valid.

valid adjective having a sound logical basis I think these are still valid arguments.
The model was validated against two sets of empirical
validate verb to prove that something is true or accurate data.

Before the method used in the study can be described

as safe, researchers have to validate it and make sure
validate verb to confirm the power or value of something it has no negative consequences.

The validated statistics in her article convinced

validated adjective proved to be true or accurate experts of her theory.

the action of checking or proving that something is In the use of computers for statistical analysis, the
validation noun valid or accurate greatest difficulty relates to data input and validation.

I question the validity of this test because it does not

validity noun legal force or authority really test what it claims to test.

The validity of her argument is questioned by her

validity noun logical reliability colleagues.

value noun how much something is worth The estimated value of the ring is R20 000.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

The value of the project will be to increase our

understanding of the conditions for social and political
value noun the usefulness or importance of something stability and instability in the contemporary world.

In a country with so much crime and fraud, honesty is

value verb to attach importance to something increasingly valued.

Even if the two sides in an argument have the same

value system and the same goal in mind, there can
still be a heated argument if their perceptions of the
value system noun set of values same situation differ.

Meaningful variation in teaching tasks should alleviate

the boredom that lecturers sometimes experience in
variation noun differences between things that are similar teaching their subject.

The author’s new book is written in the same

vein noun a particular style or mood of writing or speaking humorous vein as her previous books.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

form of something that differs slightly from other That particular version of the Bible is considered to be
version noun forms of the same thing a good translation.

view verb to regard something in a certain way How do you view this problem?

the ability to see something from a certain Explain to me your view of this matter, because your
view noun perspective point of view is important to me.

You must provide convincing reasons in support of

your view to increase the persuasive power of your
view noun a personal opinion about something argument.

the action of violating or infringing upon The students’ irresponsible behaviour is a violation of
violation noun something the hostel regulations.

virtual adjective with the essence of, so to speak She was a virtual prisoner inside her own home.

created by means of computers, especially over a

virtual adjective network All his artworks can be seen in a virtual gallery.

The enormous engineering project is being carried out

with virtually no disruption to the traffic flow through
virtually adverb almost, very nearly the city.
English Term POS English Definition English Example

visibly adjective clearly visible He was visibly uncomfortable.

a picture, such as a photograph, map, sketch or Together, the text and the visuals must convey the
visual noun painting essential information.

essential or necessary for something to exist or Reading is of vital importance in second-language

vital adjective succeed learning.

vocabulary noun the words used in a language English has an extensive vocabulary.

the words known to a person or used in a A new vocabulary has emerged to describe the
vocabulary noun particular book, subject, etc. development of computer technology.

investing directly in smaller companies can be risky

volatility noun state or quality of being volatile, unstable because of their volatility

volume noun a book or one of a set of books The encyclopaedia set consists of fifteen volumes.

to take back a remark, statement, accusation, The political party withdrew their accusation that the
withdraw verb promise, etc. election was unfair.

She dissected with witty sarcasm a series of clips from

witty adjective funny and clever films and television.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n idee prysgee of ophou om op Hy het by ons aangedring om die

laat vaar werkwoord ’n bepaalde manier te dink idee te laat vaar.

met iets ophou of jou

betrokkenheid by ’n projek of Het hulle hierdie projek net
aktiwiteit beëindig, veral uitgestel, of het hulle dit
staak werkwoord voordat dit afgehandel is heeltemal gestaak?

Hierdie speltoetser het ook die

die toestand van in staat te vermoë om outomaties sommige
vermoë naamwoord wees om iets te doen grammatikale foute uit te wys.

anders as die normale, gewone

of verwagte, dikwels op ’n
manier wat vreemd,
byvoeglike kommerwekkend, verkeerd of Die getal chromosome is
abnormaal naamwoord gevaarlik lyk abnormaal.

Haar siening van die moraliteit

byvoeglike wat geen ander opinies toelaat van mense se handelinge is
absoluut naamwoord nie absoluut.

Die gevaar van mense wat een

spesifieke ideologie aanhang, is
dat hulle die idees daarin
verabsoluteer en gevolglik geen
ander idees as geldig aanvaar
verabsoluteer werkwoord iets absoluut maak nie.

houding dat betekenis Die absolutisme in haar

onveranderlik en dinge dus benadering tot geloofskwessies
absolutisme naamwoord onvoorwaardelik geldig is skrik baie mense af.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sonder enige voorafkennis of ’n

gedrukte teks tot ons beskikking
was dit moeilik om al die inligting
nuwe inligting in die verstand wat hy oor kernsplyting
absorbeer werkwoord inneem en dit leer en verstaan aangebied het, te absorbeer.

besig wees met iets wat jou Hy het onlangs die werk voltooi
aandag of belangstelling volledig waarin hy hom amper twee jaar
verdiep werkwoord in beslag neem verdiep het.

Sy was heeltemal verdiep in haar

iets so interessant vind dat jy nie boek en het nie ’n woord gehoor
verdiep werkwoord aan niks anders aandag gee nie van wat ek gesê het nie.

Die kundige leser kan sekere

universele waarhede uit ’n goeie
abstraheer werkwoord abstrakte betekenis uit iets aflei literêre teks abstraheer.

byvoeglike wat as ’n idee bestaan, maar nie Liefde word beskou as ’n

abstrak naamwoord as ’n fisiese voorwerp nie abstrakte idee.

Die opsomming van die artikel

opsomming naamwoord ’n kort samevatting vat die hoofbevindinge saam.

Die sinopsis aan die begin van ’n

lang akademiese artikel is nuttig
opsomming van die hoofaspekte as jy wil weet of die artikel vir jou
sinopsis naamwoord van ’n akademiese artikel relevant is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die tematiese motiewe van ’n

teks is ’n abstraksie, idees wat
(die formulering van) algemene lesers uit die konkrete
abstraksie naamwoord idees uit konkrete gegewens teksgegewens kan aflei.

Leer wat op spel gebaseer is, kan

’n proses gouer of vroeër as wat die oordrag en toepassing van
versnel werkwoord verwag word, laat plaasvind kennis versnel.

Alhoewel baie fisici Niels Bohr se

kwantumteorie as geldig kon
aanvaar, het Einstein geweier om
aanvaar werkwoord iets as geldig beskou dit te doen.

Jim Martin het Halliday se idees

oor Sistemiese Funksionele
aanvaar werkwoord glo dat iets waar is Grammatika aanvaar.
iemand of iets aanvaar of Die departementshoof het haar
aanvaar werkwoord goedkeur bedanking aanvaar.

Ondanks baie fisici se

entoesiasme oor Niels Bohr se
kwantumteorie, het Einstein die
die mate waartoe iets geglo of aanneemlikheid daarvan
aanneemlikheid naamwoord aanvaar kan word betwyfel.

byvoeglike wat mense kan aanvaar of Saamwoon het sosiaal

aanvaarbaar naamwoord waarmee hulle kan saamstem aanvaarbaar geword.

byvoeglike Hierdie geraasvlakke is

aanvaarbaar naamwoord wat toegelaat kan word aanvaarbaar in die kantoor.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Einstein het Niels Bohr se siening

byvoeglike wat aanvaar word of wat as oor kwantumdeeltjies nie as ’n
aanvaarbaar naamwoord waar of as korrek beskou word aanvaarbare teorie erken nie.

Einstein se kritiese houding

teenoor Niels Bohr se
kwantumteorie staan ​in skrille
kontras met baie fisici se
wanneer jy aanvaar of glo dat entoesiastiese aanvaarding
aanvaarding naamwoord iets reg of waar is daarvan.

byvoeglike wat goedgekeur word en/of as Hierdie soort wetgewing is

aanvaar naamwoord normaal of korrek beskou word wêreldwyd aanvaarde praktyk.

Sy het drie verskillende

inligting vind of herwin in ’n databasisse ontsluit om die
ontsluit werkwoord bergingstoestel, soos ’n lêer inligting te bekom.

Die enigste toegang tot die

die geleentheid om tot ’n plek of laboratorium is deur daardie
toegang naamwoord gebou toegang te verkry deur.

Om tot die beskermde

versameling van ’n biblioteek
om by ’n plek te kan inkom of toegang te kry, moet ’n mens
toegang kry woordgroep iets te kan gebruik eers verlof vra.

die reg, voorreg of geleentheid

om iets te gebruik of om iemand Studente moet toegang hê tot ’n
toegang naamwoord te nader goeie biblioteek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Items wat in die hoofgebou

gehuisves word, is toeganklik
byvoeglike wanneer ook al die biblioteek vir
toeganklik naamwoord wat maklik bereik kan word die publiek oop is.

Daar is twee toeganklike

assistente in ons
vriendelik en behulpsaam, met universiteitsbilioteek wat
byvoeglike wie ’n mens gemaklik kan studente graag help om hul
toeganklik naamwoord kommunikeer bronne te vind.

Opvoeders akkommodeer
leerders met ’n swak leesvermoë
deur aktiwiteite aan te bied wat
akkommodeer werkwoord iemand of iets in ag neem binne hulle vermoë is.

Die ware wetenskaplike probeer

altyd akkommoderend vanuit
ander oogpunte dink. So ’
byvoeglike bereidheid om by iemand se akkommoderende manier van
akkommoderend naamwoord behoeftes of wense in te val dink is egter baie skaars.

Akkommodering van ander

mense se sienings vereis dat jy na
’n ooreenkoms wat almal dinge kyk vanuit hulle
akkommodering naamwoord tevrede stel perspektief.

Die plagiaatverklaring moet alle

skriftelike werk vergesel terwyl jy
’n student aan hierdie
vergesel werkwoord saam met iets of iemand gaan universiteit is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die ontslag van die werknemer

het geskied ooreenkomstig ’n
ooreenkomstig naamwoord volgens of soos bepaal deur billike prosedure.

Ooreenkomstig die vereistes vir

byvoeglike ’n Baccalaureus-graad, moet u
ooreenkomstig naamwoord in ooreenstemming met nog twee vakke slaag.

Sy aanbieding is ’n getroue
’n verslag van iets wat in eie weergawe van die skrywer se
weergawe naamwoord woorde gestel is siening.

Sommige studente skryf hulle vir

’n kursus in slegs om studiepunte
of krediete vir hul graad te
akkumuleer werkwoord geleidelik meer van iets bekom akkumuleer

Namate bewyse teen die

korrupte stadsbestuurder
geleidelik toeneem in getal of akkumuleer, probeer hy homself
akkumuleer werkwoord hoeveelheid desperaat verdedig.

Die opgehoopte getuienis wat

deur die Valke ingesamel is, was
genoeg om die korrupte
byvoeglike direkteur van die maatskappy te
opgehoop naamwoord byeengebring vervolg.

Prof. Crous en dr. Andrews, wat

gereeld in die openbaar nie
saamgestem het nie, het
uiteindelik erken dat hulle
mekaar heeltemal verkeerd
erken werkwoord iets aanvaar, toegee verstaan ​het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die bekwame navorser sal die

(met dankbaarheid of bydraes van ander navorsers in
waardering) aanvaar en melding haar akademiese artikels of
erken werkwoord maak van proefskrif erken.

Ons fisikaprofessor is ’n erkende

byvoeglike gereken as goed, belangrik, gesag op die gebied van
erken naamwoord geldig of betroubaar kernfisika.

’n Belangrike eienskap van

navorsers wat nie mededinging
van ander navorsers vrees nie, is
die erkenning van bydraes van
medewetenskaplikes in hul
die erkenning van iets as goed of bibliografie, hul artikels of hul
erkenning naamwoord belangrik proefskrifte.

Die maatskappy se erkenning van

aanvaarding van die waarheid of finansiële flaters het fel kritiek
erkenning naamwoord bestaan van iets ontlok.

Slagoffers van bendegeweld sal

toelaat dat iets gebeur, hoewel nie instem tot die vroeë vrylating
toestem werkwoord jy nie daarvan hou nie van veroordeelde bendelede nie.

Die regering se instemming met

die voortgesette gebruik van
wapens vir massavernietiging is
instemming naamwoord (teësinnige) aanvaarding onaanvaarbaar.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hulle was oor die algemeen

apolities en instemmend, of
byvoeglike geneig om iets te aanvaar of toe bereid om hulle aan gesag oor te
instemmend naamwoord te laat, al hou jy nie daarvan nie gee.

kry, bekom (veral deur vir ’n Leerders lees om inligting te

bepaalde tyd doelbewus iets te versamel en nuwe kennis te
verwerf werkwoord doen) verwerf

(veral deur harde werk of Dr. Krige het al sy grade aan die
verwerf werkwoord inspanning) verkry Universiteit van Pretoria verwerf.

Dr. Krige het onlangs ’n B.Com.-

byvoeglike graad by sy reeds verwerfde
verwerf naamwoord wat verkry is grade gevoeg.

Universiteitstudie behels nie net

die verwerwing van nuwe kennis
nie, dit gaan ook oor die
die leer of ontwikkeling van ’n ontwikkeling van sekere waardes
verwerwing naamwoord vaardigheid en ingesteldhede.

verkryging van iets ná harde Die verwerwing van ’n graad is ’n

werk en inspanning oor ’n lang belangrike gebeurtenis in die
verwerwing naamwoord tyd lewe van enige student.

die eerste letters van ’n groep

woorde wat saam as een woord UNISA is ’n akroniem vir
akroniem naamwoord gelees word Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.

verander om by nuwe Universiteitskursusse moet

omstandighede of in ’n nuwe aanpas by die behoeftes van die
aanpas werkwoord omgewing te pas mark.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die doktorale student moet

aanpassings maak aan sy eerste
verandering om aan ’n nuwe hoofstuk, omdat sekere aspekte
doel te beantwoord of by ’n nie met die bewoording in sy titel
aanpassing naamwoord nuwe omgewing aan te pas ooreenstem nie.

Ná twee weke het die student

wat verander is om dit meer aan sy dosent ’n aangepaste
byvoeglike geskik vir ’n bepaalde doel of weergawe van sy eerste hoofstuk
aangepas naamwoord situasie te maak voorgelê.

Addisionele invoer van

bygevoeg of toegevoeg by wat Amerikaanse beesvleis word
byvoeglike verwag is of waarop daar beplan om aan die stygende
addisioneel naamwoord ooreengekom is vraag te voorsien.

Hierdie toets is geskik om

studente se gereedheid te meet
byvoeglike goed genoeg vir ’n bepaalde vir studeer deur middel van
geskik naamwoord doel Engels.

In die loop van die ondersoek na

die behoeftes van die kliënt, is
vasgestel dat min gesinne
byvoeglike soveel as wat nodig is of verlang voldoende lewensversekering
voldoende naamwoord word het.
Die verf sal aan enige skoon
kleef werkwoord aan iets vasklou oppervlak kleef.

’n Groot staatsman weet

wanneer om van tradisie af te
’n stel beginsels, reëls of wyk en wanneer hy dit moet
nakom werkwoord werkwyse getrou volg nakom.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

verander of reguleer om aan ’n Opvoeders moet hulle by die

standaard te voldoen of ’n kenmerke en leerbehoeftes van
aanpas werkwoord funksie uit te voer studente aanpas.

Die doktorale student moet

aanpassings maak aan haar
’n verandering wat aangebring eerste hoofstuk, omdat sekere
word om ’n verlangde resultaat aspekte nie met die bewoording
aanpassing naamwoord of uitkoms te bereik in haar titel ooreenstem nie.

formeel en korrek organiseer, Die eksamen is behoorlik

administreer werkwoord daarstel of toepas geadministreer.

Die motorvervaardiger het erken

dat daar met die
erken werkwoord toegee dat iets waar is koolstofuitlaattoetse geknoei is.

Dit is tot voordeel van alle

studente as hulle gereeld hul
lesingnotas hersien in plaas van
iets wat jou in ’n gunstige dit net kort voor ’n toets of
voordeel naamwoord posisie plaas eksamen te bekyk.

Dit is voordelig vir ’n student om

lesingsnotas gereeld na te gaan,
aangesien die voorbereiding vir
byvoeglike die eksamen dan minder
voordelig naamwoord wat ’n voordeel inhou uitputtend is.
iemand wat ten gunste van iets Sy is ’n voorstander van
voorstander naamwoord praat, pleit of betoog vroueregte.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy pleit vir die opleiding van

ten gunste van iets praat of boere in moderne
pleit vir woordgroep betoog plaagbeheermetodes.

Die suiwerheid van die monsters

kan die resultate van die
’n invloed of uitwerking op iets eksperiment aansienlik
beïnvloed werkwoord hê beïnvloed.

sterk emosie, veral met Die skaal meet positiewe en

betrekking tot hoe dit denke en negatiewe affek jeens
affek naamwoord gedrag beïnvloed vlugtelinge.

Sy bevestigende antwoord op die

byvoeglike instemmend met ’n verklaring of vraag was ’n groot verligting vir
bevestigend naamwoord versoek ons almal.

Alhoewel die kandidaat in twee

’n geheel wat uit verskillende van sy vakke slaag, druip hy in
totaal naamwoord dele saamgestel is totaal.

Die totaal van al die veranderings

wat aangebring is, het die beeld
die somtotaal van baie van die organisasie radikaal
totaal naamwoord verskillende dinge bymekaar verander.

in die openbaar protesteer of

betoog vir iets wat jy wil hê,
veral ’n politieke of sosiale Die studentevereniging agtiteer
agiteer werkwoord verandering vir beter huisvesting.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

oorspronklik slegs ’n wiskundige

manier van berekening, maar
die betekenis het uitgebrei tot ’n
breër definisie, naamlik ’n stap- ’n Handleiding vir werktuigkunde
vir-stap-benadering tot take en sal verskillende algoritmes vir
algoritme naamwoord probleemoplossing verskillende take bevat.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, wat van algoritmes gebruik
algoritmies bywoord maak algoritmiese leer, metodes

Wanneer onervare
werktuigkundiges opgelei word,
is die algoritmisering van
die werklike uitvoering van die ingewikkelde take noodsaaklik vir
algoritmisering naamwoord verskillende stappe hulle vaardigheidsontwikkeling.

In sy hoofargument voer hy aan

beweer dat iets die geval is dat die simptome van die pasiënt
aanvoer werkwoord sonder om ’n bewys te hê tipies van depressie is.

Oppenheimer (2015: 14) het

beweer dat Balmain (2010) die
iets as ’n feit stel sonder om resultate van sy navorsing versin
beweer werkwoord bewys te lewer het.

byvoeglike waarvan die waarheid nog nie Die beweerde oortreding het glo
beweer naamwoord bewys is nie Vrydagaand plaasgevind.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die polisie is op die spoor van die

vermeende moordenaar, maar
byvoeglike het nog nie genoeg bewyse vir sy
vermeende naamwoord wat van iets verdink word skuldigbevinding nie.

dieselfde klank of letter herhaal Let op hoe die w-klank allitereer

ten einde ’n spesiale effek te in: Wit is die wêreld van outydse
allitereer werkwoord bereik wee ...

die herhaling van dieselfde klank In poësie kom alliterasie aan die
of letter aan die begin van einde maar ook binne versreëls
alliterasie naamwoord aangrensende woorde voor.

byvoeglike wat woorde bevat wat met Die w-klank in die woorde WIT en
allitererend naamwoord dieselfde klank of letter begin WONDER is allitererend.

Setels word toegewys volgens die

toewys werkwoord volgens ’n plan verdeel proporsie stemme wat behaal is.

Wanneer die beste kandidaat vir

’n akademiese pos gekies word,
word verskillende gewigte
toegeken aan dinge soos
akademiese kwalifikasies,
besluit om iets vir ’n bepaalde navorsingservaring en
toeken werkwoord doel te gebruik doseervermoë.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wanneer die beste kandidaat vir

’n akademiese pos gekies word,
speel die toekenning van
verskillende gewigte aan aspekte
soos akademiese kwalifikasies,
besluit om iets vir ’n bepaalde navorsingservaring en
toekenning naamwoord doel te gebruik doseervermoë ’n belangrike rol.

Dit is slegs moontlik om kortliks

te verwys na die gevolgtrekkings
waartoe hy gekom by die
iets of iemand vlugtig of indirek behandeling van die verskillende
verwys werkwoord noem probleme.

’n vlugtige of indirekte Spencer maak gereeld

toespeling naamwoord verwysing na iemand of iets toespelings op die Nuwe Wêreld.

Die Holocaust het die verloop

’n wysiging laat ondergaan of van die geskiedenis ingrypend
verander werkwoord anders maak verander.

Die meeste romanskrywers

wissel tussen dialoog en
wissel werkwoord om die beurt doen of gebeur beskrywing.

Die effektiewe student wissel

twee dinge, die een ná die harde werk af met gereelde
ander, in ’n herhaalde patroon ontspanning en genoeg ure
afwissel werkwoord plaas slaap.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Baksteen-boupatrone in
afwisselende reguit en golwende
byvoeglike lyne verleen ’n speelse karakter
afwisselend naamwoord om die beurt aan mure.

Sinvolle afwisseling van

onderrigtake behoort die
verveling te verlig wat dosente
soms ervaar wanneer hulle hul
afwisseling naamwoord herhaalde rotasie vak doseer.

Jy kan ’n opstel skryf; die

alternatief is dat jy twintig
alternatief naamwoord een van twee moontlikhede kortvrae beantwoord.

byvoeglike waarby die keuse tussen twee Die studente het die keuse van ’n
alternatief naamwoord dinge gebied word alternatiewe opdrag.

Jy moet ’n vollengte-opstel skryf;

anders kan jy 20 kortvrae
anders bywoord as alternatief beantwoord.

iets wat nie duidelik is nie,

omdat dit op verskillende Die dosent ruim misverstande en
maniere geïnterpreteer kan dubbelsinnighede uit die weg
dubbelsinnigheid naamwoord word deur individuele terugvoer.

Hierdie stelling is dubbelsinnig,

want dit kan op twee
byvoeglike verskillende maniere
dubbelsinnig naamwoord wat meer as een betekenis het geïnterpreteer word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

gelyktydige aanwesigheid van Vanweë die ambivalensie in sy

teenoorgestelde wense of gemoed kan hy nie ’n besluit oor
ambivalensie naamwoord gevoelens die saak neem nie.

Ek voel ambivalent oor die saak,

want ek verstaan die positiewe
byvoeglike wat betref die gelyktydige en negatiewe aspekte daarvan.
naamwoord, bestaan van teenoorgestelde Mense verstaan nie altyd my
ambivalent bywoord wense of gevoelens ambivalente gevoelens nie.

Die ooreenkoms is aangepas om

’n wet, ooreenkoms of slegs op senior lede van
aanpas werkwoord dokument effens verander toepassing te wees.

Navorsers wysig hulle

kleiner veranderings aanbring aanvanklike hipoteses as hulle
wysig werkwoord ter wille van akkuraatheid eksperimente dit weerlê.

Dis ’n anachronisme as ’n soldaat

’n fout in chronologie waarin ’n in ’n Tweede Wêreldoorlog-film
persoon of ding in die verkeerde met sy verloofde oor ’n selfoon
anachronisme naamwoord historiese tyd geplaas is praat.

Die soldaat se selfoongesprek in

die film oor die Tweede
Wêreldoorlog is anachronisties.
So ’n anachronistiese toneel
byvoeglike onversoenbaar met die tyd doen afbreuk aan die egtheid van
anachronisties naamwoord waarin iets plaasvind die gebeure.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die funksies van die menslike

hart en dié van ’n pomp blyk
byvoeglike in ooreenstemming met iets analoog aan mekaar te wees.
analoog naamwoord aanders Hulle verrig analoë funksies.

die maak van ’n vergelyking ten Gaaie (die vreemde meervoud

einde ooreenkoms tussen twee van gat) het ontstaan na analogie
analogie naamwoord dinge te toon. van paaie (meervoud van pad).

Daar is ’n analogie tussen jou eie

emosies en die gevoelens wat
iets wat in belangrike opsigte uitgedruk word in iemand anders
analogie naamwoord met iets anders ooreenstem se gedigte.

iets metodies ondersoek om dit Jy ontleed ’n teks as jy die dele

ontleed werkwoord te verduidelik daarvan afsonderlik ondersoek.

’n geheel opbreek in die dele

waaruit dit saamgestel is en Die studente moet ’n chemiese
verwantskappe tussen die dele verbinding ontleed ten einde dit
ontleed werkwoord identifiseer te identifiseer.

byvoeglike Jou denke is analities as jy verkies

analities naamwoord wat dinge ontleed om afsonderlike dele te ontleed.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, deur middel van staaltjies en Die spreker het ’n anekdotiese
anekdoties bywoord stories styl, want hy hou van staaltjies.

Die beroemde spreker wissel sy

kort, vermaaklike vertelling wat ernstige betoog af met
anekdote naamwoord gewoonlik waar is anekdotes oor sy lewe.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die jaarlikse inkomste van ’n top-

byvoeglike wat oor die tydperk van een jaar HUB in Suid-Afrika is meer as een
jaarliks naamwoord bereken word miljoen rand.

’n tydskrif of boek wat een keer

per jaar met dieselfde titel maar Modern Scientist is ’n jaarblad
jaarblad naamwoord nuwe inhoud verskyn wat in Desember verskyn.

byvoeglike Sy kry hierdie maand haar

jaarliks naamwoord wat elke jaar een maal gebeur jaarlikse salarisverhoging.

Met sy introverte geaardheid

iets wat verskil van die gewone, was hy ’n anomalie in sy
anomalie naamwoord normale of wat verwag word uitbundige gesin.

Antropologiese studies fokus

vandag op alle soorte
gemeenskappe en gebruik, onder
byvoeglike wat verband hou met meer, kwalitatiewe navorsing om
antropologies naamwoord antropologie bevindings te verifieer.

sistematiese studie van die

oorsprong en evolusie van
mense, die organisasie van
sosiale en kulturele
verhoudings, menslike gedrag, Antropologie is vandag ’n
variasies tussen verskillende wêreldwye dissipline, terwyl dit
mense, hoe die evolusionêre vroeër meer beperk was tot
verlede van Homo sapiens sy Europa. Daar is vertakkings soos
sosiale organisasie en kultuur biologiese, kulturele, taalkundige
antropologie naamwoord beïnvloed het, ens. en sosiale antropologie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Deur die gebruik van tekstuele

leidrade antisipeer ’n goeie leser
wat verder in die teks gaan
om dinge wat in die toekoms gebeur en formuleer dan
antisipeer werkwoord kan gebeur, logies te voorsien hipoteses.
iets as waarskynlik of moontlik Die uitslae is nie so goed as wat
verwag werkwoord beskou verwag is nie.

Die strategiese leser lees

antisiperend as sy hipoteses
formuleer met behulp van die
antisiperend bywoord in afwagting beskikbare teksleidrade.

Antisipasie van wat verderaan in

die teks gebeur, gaan gepaard
met hipoteses wat op die
beskikbare teksleidrade gegrond
antisipasie naamwoord die handeling van iets te verwag is.

byvoeglike wat antisipasie bevat, uitdruk of Die antisiperende leeshandeling

antisiperend naamwoord toon is baie effektief.
’n woord wat die AGTER is die antoniem van
sinoniem naamwoord teenoorgestelde beteken VOOR.

Dit is duidelik dat baie gebruikers

van Afrikatale verkies om in
Engels onderrig te word vanweë
byvoeglike die vermeende voordele wat die
duidelik naamwoord maklik om te sien of te verstaan taal steeds vergesel.

Die ongemak van die jong

navorser was duidelik, want hy
byvoeglike het begin bloos toe die joernalis
duidelik naamwoord maklik om te sien hom nader.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n formele versoek aan ’n

owerheid om ’n besluit te Hy het ’n appèl tot die hof gerig
appèl naamwoord verander om sy vonnis te verkort.

’n formele versoek aan ’n Die student het na die raad

owerheid rig om ’n besluit te geappelleer teen die besluit om
appelleer werkwoord verander hom te skors.

Die onderwysersunie het ’n

beroep gedoen op programme
’n dringende openbare versoek by alle skole om leerders te leer
beroep werkwoord rig swem.
Die trefkrag van sy argument lê
trefkrag naamwoord onmiddellike uitwerking in die eenvoud daarvan.

op ’n bepaalde wyse voorkom of Dit lyk asof Dlamini (2015) ’n

lyk werkwoord die indruk wek dat iets gebeur federale stelsel ondersteun.

in die openbaar kom of Dr. Manzini se artikel het in ’n

verskyn werkwoord gepubliseer word akademiese tydskrif verskyn.

Die verskyning van die

navorsingsartikel in een van die
handeling of feit van in die voorste joernale het reeds ’n
verskyning naamwoord openbaar te kom lewendige debat ontketen.
Die lugkaarte is by die
aanheg werkwoord om by te voeg of vas te heg werkopdrag aangeheg.

’n gedeelte aan die einde van ’n Die gedetailleerde

boek of dokument wat ekstra begrotingsdokumente is in die
bylaag naamwoord inligting verskaf bylaag by die voorstel ingesluit.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Smith het gewys op die

toepaslikheid van Berger se
metode ten opsigte van die
toepaslikheid naamwoord die mate waarin iets nuttig is kommunikasie van skepe ter see.

Hoewel hierdie beginsel

ongetwyfeld toepaslik is op die
meeste chemiese reaksies onder
gewone omstandighede, is dit
onderworpe aan talle
uitsonderings en kan dit dus nie
byvoeglike as ’n veilige basis vir teoretiese
toepaslik naamwoord geskik om toegepas te word veralgemenings beskou word nie.

Baie navorsers sukkel met die

die handeling van iets in werking toepassing van hul teoretiese
toepassing naamwoord te stel uitgangspunte in die praktyk.

Toegepaste navorsing is ’n
byvoeglike soos gebruik in die praktyk, uitdaging, want teorie en praktyk
toegepas naamwoord teenoor teorie is nie altyd versoenbaar nie.

Dit is vir baie mense moeilik om

abatrakte beginsels in die
om iets prakties te gebruik, in alledaagse lewe prakties toe te
toepas werkwoord teenstelling met teorie pas.

Die aanstelling van die nuwe

die handeling van iemand in ’n Vise-Rektor was vir ons ’n groot
aanstelling naamwoord pos of amp te plaas verrassing.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die waarde van eiendom in die

oor ’n tydperk in waarde omgewing het die afgelope drie
styg werkwoord toeneem jaar met 10 persent gestyg.

’n Aantal geleerdes het die

belangrikheid van die Bologna-
ooreenkoms vir die bevordering
insien werkwoord iets verstaan van meertaligheid ingesien.

die goeie eienskappe van iets of Die publikasie waardeer haar

waardeer werkwoord iemand met dankbaarheid erken vermoëns as navorser.

Die post-modernistiese
benadering is om ’n literêre
kunswerk vanuit verskillende
benader werkwoord jou op ’n probleem of taak rig perspektiewe te benader.

Postmodernistiese teorieë het

’n probleem of taak begin die probleem vanuit twee
benader werkwoord hanteer verskillende oogpunte benader.

Hy het ’n kwalitatiewe
’n manier om na ’n kwessie, benadering in sy navorsing
benadering naamwoord probleem of verskynsel te kyk gevolg.

Pieter se benadering tot sy

die manier waarop jy ’n studies is nugter, want hy weet
benadering naamwoord probleem of taak hanteer hy moet hard werk om te slaag.

Spesifieke karakters, geskik vir

byvoeglike geskik vir ’n besondere doel, elke toneel van die drama, is
geskik naamwoord plek, toestand, ens. gebruik.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

iets neem wat nie aan jou Die studieleier is geskors omdat
behoort nie, veral op ’n hy data wat deur sy doktorale
onwettige manier of sonder student versamel is, vir homself
toeëien werkwoord toestemming toegeëien het.

byvoeglike geskik vir ’n besondere doel, Sy het die gepaste antwoord op

gepas naamwoord plek, toestand, ens. die moeilike vraag verskaf.

Die tematiese gepastheid van

woordkeuse is ’n belangrike
aanvaarbaarheid in spesifieke vereiste in akademiese
gepastheid naamwoord omstandighede skryfwerk.

Sy metode om benaderde
waardes vir die wortels van
vergelykings te bepaal is in
byvoeglike naastenby korrek of akkuraat, beginsel identies aan die
benader naamwoord maar nie presies nie. metodes van sir Isaac Newton.

rofweg bereken of ’n redelik Die argitek raam die koste van sy

raam werkwoord akkurate skatting maak ontwerp op ongeveer R150 000.

iets benader of naby aan iets Haar sang het naby aan dié van
wees in hoeveelheid, kwaliteit die diva gekom, maar
naby kom woordgroep of geaardheid sterkwaliteit het ontbreek.

byvoeglike wat beraam en redelik akkuraat Die geskatte jaarlikse studiekoste

geskat naamwoord is van ’n student is R80 000.

Die vertrek is ongeveer twaalf

vierkante meter – presiese
ongeveer bywoord byna korrek of akkuraat afmetings is nie beskikbaar nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

'n Billike skatting van die

relatiewe prys sou ongeveer R90
skatting naamwoord rowwe berekening wees.

Die argitek se raming is dat die

projek ongeveer R150 000 sal
raming naamwoord skatting of rowwe berekening kos.

Hulle redes vir sy aanstelling as

kaptein blyk heeltemal arbitrêr te
byvoeglike gebaseer op individuele oordeel wees, aangesien hy nog nooit in
arbitrêr naamwoord of voorkeur dié sport uitgeblink het nie.

My pa moes ’n arbiter kry om te

as bemiddelaar tussen partye arbitreer sodat hy en sy buurman
arbitreer werkwoord optree hul geskil kon oplos.

Die arbitrêre skikking het gelei

wat tussen partye bemiddel en tot die aanvaarding van die nuwe
byvoeglike deur ’n arbiter of skeidsregter kontrak tussen my pa en sy
arbitrêr naamwoord beslis is buurman.

Die arbiter in die loongeskilsaak

’n neutrale persoon wat buite behoort so objektief moontlik na
die hof tussen partye bemiddel beide die werknemers en die
arbiter naamwoord en ’n geskil help besleg werkgewers se pleidooie te kyk.

Haar gebied van kundigheid sluit

linguistiek, morfologie en
gebied naamwoord veld semantiek in.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy het geargumenteer dat Suid-

Afrika moet ophou om krag aan
buurlande te verskaf, omdat die
redes gee vir jou mening oor ’n land self deur groot tekorte in die
argumenteer werkwoord spesifieke saak gesig gestaar word.

Die spreker voer aan dat

redes gee wat ’n idee armoede een van die
ondersteun met die doel om belangrikste oorsake van
aanvoer werkwoord ander te oorreed misdaad is.

Sy betoog op so ’n manier dat

logiese redes vir jou standpunt almal haar redenasie maklik kan
betoog werkwoord gee volg.

uiteensetting van ’n saak wat

gekenmerk word deur die
postulering van ’n standpunt,
bewyse, oorweging van
teenstrydige sienings en In haar seminaar ontwikkel sy ’n
sistematiese strukturering van samehangende argument waarin
gedagtes wat lei tot ’n logiese sy stellings deeglik met feite
argument naamwoord gevolgtrekking ondersteun.

Laat ons argumentshalwe nadink

oor die moontlikheid dat
aardverwarming nie ’n
argumentshalwe bywoord ter wille van die argument wêreldwye krisis gaan wees nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

uiteensetting van ’n argument

wat gekenmerk word deur
postulering van gesigspunt,
bewysvoering, inagneming van Ek volg altyd haar argumentasie
botsende sienings, sistematiese maklik, want haar stellings volg
strukturering van gedagtes wat logies op mekaar met duidelike
argumentasie naamwoord tot ’n logiese gevolgtrekking lei skakels en genoeg bewyse.

Sy argumentasie het my oortuig

logiese uiteensetting of danksy die bewyse wat hy vir sy
argumentasie naamwoord verduideliking van jou standpunt stellings gelewer het.

waarby rede en logika gebruik In ’n beredeneerde opstel moet

byvoeglike word om ’n argument te voer of jy ’n ferm redenasie vir of teen ’n
beredeneerd naamwoord ondersteun saak aanneem.

uitdrukking van kreatiewe

vaardigheid wat esteties Die beroemde pianis voer die
bevredigend, treffend of gehoor mee deur klavierspel te
kuns naamwoord aangrypend is omvorm tot ’n ware kuns.

byvoeglike Sy kunstige optrede by die klavier

kunstig naamwoord kenmerkend van kuns het die gehoor vermaak.

Kommunikasie op sosiale
netwerke soos Facebook is
byvoeglike nie eg of outentiek nie, maar kunsmatig omdat outentieke
kunsmatig naamwoord nageboots of onnatuurlik persoonlike kontak ontbreek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Baie mense kritiseer die

kunsmatigheid van sosiale
netwerke soos Facebook omdat
dit wat nie eg of outentiek is nie, hulle direkte persoonlike kontak
kunsmatigheid naamwoord maar nageboots of onnatuurlik verkies.

byvoeglike met verbeelding en vaardigheid Die vertek is op ’n artistieke

artistiek naamwoord gedoen manier versier

byvoeglike Sy kunstige uitvoering by die

kunstig naamwoord kenmerkend van kuns klavier het die gehoor vermaak.

Hy was nie ’n akademiese

byvoeglike die vermoë om kuns te skep of uitblinker nie, maar was
kunssinnig naamwoord te waardeer besonder kunssinnig.

Michelangelo se kunstenaarskap
kan gesien word in sy beroemde
vermoë of vaardigheid om kuns figure op die dak van die Sistynse
kunstenaarskap naamwoord te skep wat goed of mooi is kapel in Rome.

glo, oorweeg of verklaar dat iets Die gedig word toegeskryf aan
veroorsaak word deur of Chinua Achebe, maar sommige
bestaan as gevolg van iemand of geleerdes meen dit is geskryf
toeskryf werkwoord iets anders deur Wole Soyinka.

Dwelmmisbruik beïnvloed alle

’n spesifieke deel of kenmerk aspekte van iemand se
aspek naamwoord van ’n situasie, idee, plan, ens. gesondheid en persoonlikheid.

’n kenmerk of eienskap wat in Hy het alle kante van die

ag geneem of oorweeg moet probleem oorweeg, maar kon nie
kant naamwoord word ’n oplossing vind nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sy het die televisiestel uitmekaar

gehaal en niemand kon dit weer
aanmekaarsit werkwoord die dele van iets aanmekaar sit. aanmekaarsit nie.

Die outeur van ’n akademiese

artikel versamel inligting uit
verskillende bronne en integreer
versamel werkwoord dinge bymekaar bring dit in sy artikel.

bymekaarkom of dinge of
mense in ’n groep Die groep plantbioloë vergader
vergader werkwoord bymekaarbring een keer per jaar.

Die skoolhoof moet toestemming

gee vir die navorsing wat in sy
skool gedoen word, terwyl
leerders toestemming moet gee
amptelike goedkeuring van vir die gebruik van hul
toestemming naamwoord iemand antwoorde.

Die toets word gebruik om

studente se geletterdheidsvlakke
te bepaal sodat daar vasgestel
die aard, gehalte, vermoë of kan word wie ’n risiko of hoë
bepaal werkwoord betekenis van iets skat risiko loop om te druip.

om die koste, hoeveelheid of Hy het die koste van die bou van
beraam werkwoord grootte van iets te bepaal ’n nuwe laboratorium beraam.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die Angolese student is

iets of iemand vir ’n spesifieke aangewys om haar universiteit in
aanwys werkwoord doel kies Suid-Afrika te verteenwoordig.
Die student het haar eerste
opdrag naamwoord stuk werk of essay opdrag voltooi.

idees, inligting, ens. opneem

sodat jy dit deeglik verstaan en Studente benodig tyd om nuwe
verwerk werkwoord gereed voel om dit te gebruik konsepte te verwerk.

Boerneef gebruik assonansie vir

herhaling van dieselfde vokale in effek in “honou kandas, hanou
assonansie naamwoord nabygeleë woorde malgas”.

Boerneef assoneer die o-klank in

vokaalklanke naby mekaar die rymwoorde RUIGTEPOL, KOL
assoneer werkwoord herhaal en VOL.

Dit is ’n plesier om te luister na

byvoeglike die geassoneerde klanke in
geassoneer naamwoord waar assonansie voorkom Boerneef se gedigte.
mag of verantwoordelikheid Hy aanvaar volgende week die
aanvaar werkwoord neem of oorneem pos as voorsitter

Dit is redelik om aan te neem dat

aanvaar dat iets die geval is of die probleem verskeie oorsake
aanneem werkwoord waar is, al het jy geen bewys nie het.

In haar aanname dat die meeste

motorfietsryers kriminele
neigings toon, maak sy haar
skuldig aan growwe
die oortuiging dat iets die geval stereotipering en kategoriese
aanname naamwoord is of waar is denke.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n gevoel of stemming in ’n Die ontspanne atmosfeer in die

atmosfeer naamwoord bepaalde plek of situasie biblioteek help vir helder denke.

Die gees van ondersoek en

algemene houding of nadenke by eerstejaarstudente is
gees naamwoord ingesteldheid opvallend.

Heg asseblief ’n persoonlike

verklaring van
verantwoordelikheid aan vir elke
een ding aan ’n ander ding assistent wat aan die projek
aanheg werkwoord vasmaak of sluit werk.

byvoeglike bygevoeg, ingesluit of vasgeheg Vind asseblief die leeslys

aangeheg naamwoord aan iets aangeheg by hierdie e-pos.

deel wees van of werk vir ’n Sy is verbonde aan die

byvoeglike bepaalde organisasie, veral vir ’n universiteit se satellietkampus in
verbonde naamwoord kort tydperk Mamelodi.
Stuur asseblief die dokument as
aanhegsel naamwoord ’n bygevoegde dokument ’n aanhegsel per e-pos.

Hulle het probeer om hul

doelwitte te bereik deur middel
bekom of verkry deur moeite te van onderhandeling eerder as
bereik werkwoord doen geweld.

Daar word gesê dat houdings ’n

verskeidenheid gevoelens omvat,
wat gunstig of ongunstig kan
wees teenoor ’n voorwerp,
’n manier van dink of voel oor persoon, saak of spesifieke
houding naamwoord iets gedrag.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die persoon met ’n positiewe

ingesteldheid sal uiteindelik
ingesteldheid naamwoord ’n manier van dink of voel sukses behaal.

Sy het al die eienskappe van ’n

goeie leier – geduld, intelligensie
eienskap naamwoord ’n eienskap van iets of iemand en ywer.

Studente skryf hul mislukking in

sê of glo dat iets die gevolg is eksamens toe aan oorsake buite
toeskryf werkwoord van iets anders hul beheer, soos slegte geluk.

sê dat iemand verantwoordelik Sommige geleerdes skryf die

toeskryf werkwoord is vir iets wat gesê of gedoen is boek aan Zakes Mda toe.

Die skryfstyl van die persoon wat

byvoeglike plagiaat pleeg, is nie outentiek
outentiek naamwoord oorspronklik of eg nie.

As ’n student plagiaat pleeg, is

die outentisiteit van sy werk
outentisiteit naamwoord oorspronklikheid of egtheid onder verdenking.

’n Debietorder is wanneer die

kliënt ’n ooreenkoms met ’n
derde party aangaan en dié dan
gemagtig word om die kliënt se
magtig werkwoord toestemming gee of goedkeur rekening te debiteer.

Die gebruik van gesaghebbende

tekste in die navorsing het ten
doel om bewyse te lewer oor
byvoeglike sekere kwessies in die
gesaghebbend naamwoord asof ’n kenner of deskundige konstruksie van ’n argument.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die gesaghebbende sienings van

Stephen Hawking word algemeen
byvoeglike aanvaar deur ander
gesaghebbend naamwoord ten opsigte van gesag en invloed wetenskaplikes.

Gerald Schroeder praat

gesaghebbend oor die Bybel en
gesaghebbend bywoord vertrou as akkuraat die Oerknal.

Die skrywer se deskundigheid

kundigheid op ’n bepaalde blyk duidelik uit sy uitsprake oor
deskundigheid naamwoord gebied die Bybel en die Oerknal.

Die maatskaplike werker het die

iemand met die gesag of die reg mag om die kinders uit die huis
om bevele te gee of besluite te waar hulle mishandel word, te
mag naamwoord neem verwyder.
Sy is ’n deskundige op die gebied
deskundige naamwoord kundige in ’n besondere veld van …

In ’n outokrasie hou die leier van

die land alle mag in sy eie hande,
regeringsvorm waar ’n wat beteken dat hy nie opposisie
outokrasie naamwoord outokraat regeer duld nie.

In sekere lande in Afrika en die

Midde-Ooste is die
regeringswyse streng
outokraties, met onverbiddelike
byvoeglike onderdrukking van enige tekens
outokraties naamwoord wat absolute mag uitoefen van rebellie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Van nagraadse studente word

byvoeglike daar meer selfstandige
naamwoord, met vryheid om op jou eie te denkvaardighede verwag as van
selfstandig bywoord funksioneer voorgraadse studente.

die vermoë om op ’n Groter outonomie word van

verantwoordelike manier op jou nagraadse studente as van
outonomie naamwoord eie te funksioneer voorgraadse studente verwag.

Studente kla dikwels oor die

die toestand van byderhand of beskikbaarheid van
tot iemand se beskikking te voorgeskrewe handboeke aan
beskikbaarheid naamwoord wees die begin van die jaar.

’n Klas van 6 studente se finale

eksamenpunte is 82, 77, 66, 6, 57
deursnee bereken deur die som en 44. Die gemiddelde hiervan is
van die waardes in ’n 64. Dit word bereken deur die
versameling deur die getal totaal van die punte (386) deur
gemiddelde naamwoord waardes te deel die getal studente (6) te deel.

Aan baie studente word beurse

toeken werkwoord ’n prys gee vir verdere studie toegeken.

’n Aantal belowende studente

ontvang jaarliks toekennings van
toekenning naamwoord prys die Universiteit.

Twee van die toegekende beurse

moes teruggegee word omdat
byvoeglike die betrokke studente hulle
toegeken naamwoord wat as prys of beloning gegee is studie gestaak het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Om sienings met goed

geformuleerde argumente te
steun, is ’n akademiese
steun naamwoord wys dat iets korrek is konvensie.
Die balans van mening lê by die
balans naamwoord iets wat die meeste gewig dra gematigde denkers.
My stellings is op deeglike
gegrond op werkwoord waarby … die beginpunt was navorsing gegrond.

as die beginpunt of vertrekpunt Die navorser het sy standpunt op

baseer op werkwoord vir iets gebruik goeie argumente gebaseer.

Ek grond my siening van

as die beginpunt of vertrekpunt demokrasie op die kenmerke van
grond op werkwoord vir iets gebruik ’n oop gesprek.

die belangrike feite of idees wat Wedersydse respek is die basis

basis naamwoord iets steun van ’n goeie verhouding.
die rede waarom mense Die maatskappy huur mense op
grond naamwoord spesifieke stappe doen grond van hul ervaring.

Die grondslag van enige

demokrasie is die oop gesprek
grondslag naamwoord onderliggende idee of teorie waaraan alle partye deelneem.

begin werkwoord ’n aanvang neem Die lesing sal om elfuur begin.

Die mens is veronderstel om ’n

’n mens of ’n denkbeeldige redelike wese te wees wat
wese naamwoord persoon morele besluite kan neem.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die maatskappy se gesondheids-

en welstandsprogram stel ’n
norm vir ander
’n standaard waarteen ander motorondernemings in Suid-
norm naamwoord dinge gemeet kan word. Afrika.

die standaard van iets evalueer Ons moet ons navorsing teen
of beoordeel deur dit aan ander universiteite, beide plaaslik
normeer werkwoord soortgelyke voorbeelde te meet en internasionaal, normeer.

Dit is tot voordeel van alle

studente as hulle gereeld hul
lesingnotas hersien in plaas
daarvan om kort voor ’n toets of
voordeel naamwoord iets wat nuttig is eksamen daarna te kyk.

Studente wat gereeld hul

lesingnotas hersien, baat daarby
omdat hulle beter voorbereid is
op klastoetse en die finale
baat by werkwoord voordeel trek uit eksamen.

’n Vooroordeel word in die

respons verwag wanneer
’n fout in die manier waarop ’n respondente neig om alle vrae in
opname ontwerp is, wat dieselfde rigting te beantwoord
veroorsaak dat die data deur die waarheid bewustelik of
vooroordeel naamwoord onbetroubaar is onbewustelik te verdraai.

’n opinie wat beïnvloed hoe jy

met ’n persoon, groep of saak Hy het ’n vooroordeel teenoor
vooroordeel naamwoord omgaan ouer werknemers getoon.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy is te bevooroordeeld om ’n
byvoeglike wat vooroordeel of partydigheid objektiewe mening oor die
bevooroordeeld naamwoord toon voorval te gee.

Die student het die bibliografiese

besonderhede in haar essay
byvoeglike wat met ’n bibliografie verband volgens akademiese riglyne
bibliografies naamwoord hou gerangskik.

Skrywers moet seker maak dat

lys van geraadpleegde bronne die bronne waarna hulle in die
aan die einde van ’n akademiese teks verwys, almal in die
bibliografie naamwoord teks bibliografie opgeneem is.

Ons verstaan baie dinge net

binne binêre teenoorgesteldes,
byvoorbeeld wit teenoor swart,
manlik teenoor vroulik, bo
byvoeglike teenoor onder, buite teenoor
binêr naamwoord wat twee dele het binne.

Die personeel moet ingelig word

oor hoe om medianavrae te
inlig werkwoord noodsaaklike inligting verskaf hanteer.

byvoeglike wat min woorde gebruik of ’n Sy het ’n kort werksbesoek aan

kort naamwoord kort tydjie aanhou Japan gebring.

Die Europese bevolking het uit ’n

die hoofdeel of die meeste van meerderheid van kleinboere
meerderheid naamwoord iets bestaan.
die getal of bedrag van iets Bereken die volume van ’n
bereken werkwoord wiskundig bepaal silinder.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

jou dade of woorde daarop mik Sy woorde was bereken om haar

bereken werkwoord om ’n sekere uitwerking te hê seer te maak.

wat daarop gemik is, of wat van

byvoeglike voorneme is om ’n sekere Hy is ’n uitgeslape en
berekenend naamwoord uitwerking te hê berekenende politikus.

Die bedrag is na R283 miljoen

bepaling van die getal of bedrag verminder ná bykomende
berekening naamwoord van iets op wiskundige wyse berekenings.

betreffende die lesings van ’n

meetinstrument, gemerk,
nagegaan of aangepas deur Die hoek word aangepas deur ’n
byvoeglike vergelyking met ’n vleuelmoer aan ’n gekalibreerde
gekalibreer naamwoord standaardskaal meter.

byvoeglike wat die vermoë het om ’n Daar word gesê dat die span in
in staat naamwoord bepaalde taak uit te voer staat is om met flair te speel.

Mense het die vermoë om deel

vermoë om iets te doen, maak te neem aan die proses om hul
vermoë naamwoord of bereik toekoms te bepaal.

Die skildery word ’n

byvoeglike soos of met die aard van ’n karikatuuragtige beklemtoning
karikatuuragtig naamwoord karikatuur van die teenstrydigheid.

prent of beskrywing van ’n Die groep beeld die

persoon wat doelbewus alomteenwoordige toeris, die
bepaalde uitstaande kenmerke gewapende rower, die
van hom of haar oordryf om ’n spraaksame straatventer en die
komiese of groteske effek te trotse karwag uit, almal in
karikatuur naamwoord bereik karikatuur.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Studente moet vier

skryfopdragte en een
navorsingsprojek vir hul jaarpunt
uitvoer werkwoord iets doen, verrig of regkry uitvoer.

’n sistematiese lys van items van ’n Aantal perde is gekatalogiseer

dieselfde soort maak of ’n item in die afdeling vir perde wat
katalogiseer werkwoord by só ’n lys voeg opgelei word.

’n volledige lys items, alfabeties

of volgens ’n ander sistematiese Gebruik die biblioteek se aanlyn
orde gerangskik, met katalogus om biblioteekboeke op
katalogus naamwoord beskrywende besonderhede die rakke te vind.

Dosente hou daarvan as studente

byvoeglike hul seminaarinhoud kategories
naamwoord, organiseer. Ander, weer, hou nie
kategories bywoord volgens kategorieë van ’n kategoriese indeling nie.

byvoeglike wat iets in absolute terme Ons dosent kan baie kategories
kategories naamwoord uitdruk wees in sy stellings.

Die persoon wat kategories dink,

hanteer alternatiewe sienings
byvoeglike swak en maak dus dikwels die
naamwoord, aanname dat ander net soos hy
kategories bywoord in absolute terme dink.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

mense of dinge in groepe of

tipes rangskik volgens hul In die studie van sinsbou word
gemeenskaplike aard of woorde in verskillende
kategoriseer werkwoord eienskappe woordsoorte gekategoriseer.

afsonderlike groep, klas of

afdeling van mense of dinge Skrywers kan boeke in
waarvan die lede bepaalde verskillende kategorieë vir
kategorie naamwoord eienskappe in gemeen het beoordeling voorlê.

Baie wette van die wetenskap is

in die vorm van die gewone
oortuiging dat ’n bepaalde
byvoeglike wat verband hou met ’n oorsaak oorsaaklike omstandigheid ’n
oorsaaklik naamwoord of oorsaaklikheid aandui spesifieke effek noodsaak.

Kousaliteit is duidelik in die sin:

’n logiese ketting van oorsaak en Hy het masels; gevolglik sal hy
kousaliteit naamwoord gevolg die toets later moet skryf.

Bykomede samehang word

geskep deur die aanduiding van
oorsaaklikheid: Die eerwaarde is
verhouding tussen oorsaak en siek en daarom moes hy gedra
oorsaaklikheid naamwoord gevolg word.

Die regter het die oorsaaklike

byvoeglike wat optree as ’n oorsaak of gevolg van die wanvoorstelling
oorsaaklik naamwoord oorsaaklikheid uitdruk betwyfel.

’n Tornado is ’n kolkende, donker

wolk van wind wat binne ’n paar
sekondes grootskaalse
veroorsaak werkwoord die oorsaak van of rede wees vir vernietiging veroorsaak.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sy het die probleem deur haar

eie toedoen veroorsaak, want sy
veroorsaak werkwoord teweeg bring of laat gebeur hersien haar werk te ongereeld.

persoon, gebeurtenis of
toestand wat ’n gevolg of Die oorsaak van die vliegongeluk
oorsaak naamwoord resultaat teweeg bring was mensefeilbaarheid.

Enige samelewing wat ophou

ophou werkwoord tot ’n einde kom of iets staak ontwikkel, hou op om te bestaan.

Die oorlewendes van die Twin

Towers-aanval op 9 September
2001 kan met sekerheid sê hulle
sekerheid naamwoord oortuiging dat iets die geval is het die dood in die gesig gestaar.

iemand oproep om mee te ding

in ’n kompetisie, of iemand se Hy het haar gesag regstreeks
uitdaag werkwoord gesag bevraagteken uitgedaag.

baan vir kommunikasie, of ’n Webwerwe gebruik die internet

weg waarlangs inligting gestuur as ’n interaktiewe kanaal om
kanaal naamwoord word aktiwiteite te bemark.

Karakter is nie ’n statiese wese

nie, maar ’n dinamiese proses
karakter naamwoord onderskeidende aard van iets van wording.

Stel by die skryf van stories

beskrywing van die uitstaande patrone vas met betrekking tot
aard of kenmerke van iemand of plotontwikkeling en
karakterisering naamwoord iets karakterisering.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Ant Dolly en haar getroue

Swingsters het die gehoor aan
die dans gehad en hul koppe laat
swaai in reaksie op die
tipies of kenmerkend van iets of opskopklanke wat die groep se
karakteriseer werkwoord iemand wees styl karakteriseer.

Die uitdaging is om te ondergaan

wat sommige tipeer as ’n
die eienskappe of kenmerke van oorgang van konflik na heropbou
tipeer werkwoord iemand of iets beskryf en ontwikkeling.

eienskap wat tipies aan ’n

persoon, plek of ding behoort en Bespreek die kenmerke van die
hom, haar of dit help lugbesoedeling wat in
kenmerk naamwoord identifiseer Mpumalanga aangetref word.

Die skilderye in hierdie afdeling

byvoeglike tipies of onderskeidend van ’n van die kunsgalery is
kenmerkend naamwoord bepaalde persoon, plek of ding kenmerkend van die Barokstyl.

kaart vir navigasie, of ’n blad

waarop inligting grafies Oefeninge wat deel vorm van die
kaart naamwoord aangedui word kaart sluit strekbewegings in.

Die konferensie hoop om ’n weg

’n kaart van ’n gebied teken, of vorentoe te karteer wat beter
die ontwikkeling van iets begrip tussen die regering en die
karteer werkwoord aanteken sakesektor sal verseker.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

wat betref ’n rekord van Die dokumentêre program bied

gebeure, gerangskik volgens die ’n presiese chronologiese verslag
byvoeglike tyd waarop hulle plaasgevind van Sisulu se lewe ná sy vrylating
chronologies naamwoord het van Robbeneiland.

Rekenaargesteunde studies van

styl het dikwels vrae probeer
beantwoord ten opsigte van
rangskikking van gebeurtenisse chronologie in die werk van
in die volgorde waarin hulle skrywers wie se werke
chronologie naamwoord plaasvind ongedateer is.

Hoewel baie jong kinders die

verlede van die hede kan
onderskei, sukkel heelparty erg
om tussen twee periodes in die
wetenskap wat te doen het met verlede te onderskei, of om
die gereëlde verdeling van tyd presiesheid aan die konsep van
chronologie naamwoord en die bepaling van datums chronologie te verleen.

Hy is circa 1890 dood, maar die

circa ongeveer, om en by presiese datum is nie bekend nie.

Die politiek en ekonomie is

elemente van ’n geïntegreerde
en wedersyds versterkende stel
feit of toestand wat ’n omstandighede wat saam
omstandigheid naamwoord gebeurtenis bepaal of wysig aangepak moet word.

’n Aanhaling in akademiese
woorde wat direk uit ’n bron skryfwerk funksioneer as ’n
aanhaling naamwoord aangehaal word beroep op gesag.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

aanhaling of uittreksel uit ’n Die meeste sitate in vakkundige

bron of ’n verwysing daarna ter joernale is na vakkundige
stawing, veral in ’n vakkundige referate, en sitate na populêre
sitaat naamwoord referaat werke is seldsaam.

Dosente verwag van studente op

nagraadse vlak om bronne korrek
aanhaal werkwoord verwys na te kan aanhaal.

Wanneer navorsers hulle

bevindings aanbied, is dit
iets aanhaal of noem, veral as gebruiklik om die bronne te
voorbeeld of bewys van wat jy siteer waarvan hulle gebruik
siteer werkwoord sê gemaak het.

Die aangehaalde woorde van ’n

byvoeglike skrywer moet tussen
aangehaal naamwoord waarna verwys is aanhalingstekens staan.

wat betref die burgers van ’n

byvoeglike staat, of wat tussen of onder die Hulle het klagtes van die
burgerlik naamwoord burgers van ’n staat voorkom burgerlike gemeenskap ontvang.

Die afkortings en dele in die teks

die handeling van iets duidelik wat verdere toeligting benodig,
toeligting naamwoord en verstaanbaar te maak word in die eindnotas gevind.

Die literatuuroorsig kan die

nodige inligting verskaf om jou
helder en verstaanbaar maak of navorsingsdoelstellings te
verhelder werkwoord uiteensit verhelder.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dr. Koopman verduidelik die

teoretiese konsepte in haar
lesings op so ’n manier dat dit
iets helder en verstaanbaar duidelik deur haar studente
verduidelik werkwoord maak, dit duidelik uiteensit verstaan word.

Dr. Koopman se spesiale lesing

was so verhelderend dat ek al die
teoretiese beginsels verstaan
byvoeglike wat helder en verstaanbaar het. Haar duidelike aantekeninge
verhelderend naamwoord gemaak of uiteengesit is help ook baie.

Die duidelikheid waarmee Lechte

moeilike sielkundige beginsels
die kwaliteit van helder verklaar, maak Julia Kristeva se
duidelikheid naamwoord uitgedruk en verduidelik te word werk meer toeganklik.

Dr Mohapi sal
duidelikheidshalwe altyd ’n
byvoeglike definisie herformuleer sodat
duidelikheidshalwe naamwoord ter wille van duidelikheid almal dit kan verstaan.

Die boek, wat die eerste keer in

byvoeglike baie bekend en beskou as van 1934 gepubliseer is, het ’n
klassiek naamwoord hoë gehalte klassieke teks geword.

Shakespeare, Vondel, Goethe en

byvoeglike soos, van of met betrekking tot Schiller is van die klassieke
klassiek naamwoord die kuns van die oudheid skrywers van hul eeu.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

neiging in die kunste,

letterkunde en argitektuur wat
die modelle van die Griekse en
Romeinse oudheid (die
Klassieke) volg; dit het sy eerste
herlewing in Europa gedurende
die Renaissance en word verder
ontwikkel in die artistieke
strewe en ontwerp van die Neo-
Klassisisme; argitektuur en
letterkunde volg die vorm van
klassieke werke streng na; dit lei
dikwels tot ’n koue, Klassisisme is ’n styl wat
onpersoonlike styl en ’n verlies geassosieer word met Duitse
Klassisisme naamwoord aan inhoudskwaliteit digters soos Goethe en Schiller.

Die klassikus George Chapman

’n geleerde of student in die het een van die beste vertalings
tale, lettere en kultuur van die van die Ilias in Engels
klassikus naamwoord antieke Grieke en Romeine onderneem.

In ornamente en meubels wat in

Pompeii opgegrawe is, sien ’n
mens klassieke tendense, soos
byvoeglike volgens die reëls van klassieke streng, simmetriese en presiese
klassisisties naamwoord kuns lyne.

Die dosent het met haar lesings

alles wat te make het met die die wêreld van die Klassieke
Klassieke naamwoord Griekse en Romeinse oudheid verlewendig.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
iets volgens kenmerke in groepe Romans word geklassifiseer
klassifiseer werkwoord rangskik volgens hul genre.

Dr. Seakhoa tref ’n duidelike

byvoeglike onderskeid tussen morele,
duidelik naamwoord maklik om te verstaan immorele en a-morele optrede.

byvoeglike Dit is duidelik dat kinders se

duidelik naamwoord maklik om te sien aandagspan korter word.

Dr Seakhoa stel altyd nuwe

konsepte aan studente bekend
op ’n manier wat maklik is om te sodat hulle dit duidelik kan
duidelik bywoord sien, te hoor of te verstaan verstaan.

Politici is veral bekend vir hul

gebruik van clichés, soos ONS
oormatig gebruikte of HET ’N LANG PAD GEKOM en
cliché naamwoord onoorspronklike frase SAAM BOU ONS DIE TOEKOMS.

Politici is veral bekend vir hul

clichéagtige taal in frases soos
byvoeglike AAN DIE EINDE VAN DIE DAG en
clichéagtig naamwoord soos ’n cliché TYD OM TE VERANDER.

Die lewe van ’n boekkarakter kan

die leser dalk ’n aanduiding van
inligting wat jou help om iets te die skrywer se eie lewensverhaal
aanduiding naamwoord verstaan gee.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die goeie leser is soos ’n

speurder wat elke moontlike
’n stukkie inligting om ’n raaisel leidraad soek om die natuurlike
leidraad naamwoord of misdaad op te los leemtes in tekste self in te vul.

Studente moet die universiteit se

kode naamwoord ’n stel reëls, beginsels of wette kode van gedrag volg.

woorde, letters of syfers gebruik

om aan te toon dat ’n item tot ’n Die data is gekodeer deur ’n stel
spesifieke groep of versameling voorafbepaalde kategorieë te
kodeer werkwoord behoort gebruik.

Sy het afdoende redes gehad om

voort te gaan met haar
navorsing, en daarom het die
byvoeglike universiteit ingestem om haar te
afdoende naamwoord redelik en oortuigend ondersteun.

Die liggaam, emosies en

bewussyn kan in die
die toestand en proses ekspressiewe opvoering van
bewussyn naamwoord waardeur mense dinge verstaan poësie nie geskei word nie.
Kognisie sluit analitiese en
kognisie naamwoord verstandelike aktiwiteit holistiese denke in.

Jy sal nie kognitiewe luiheid vind

by ’n verantwoordelike student
byvoeglike wat verband hou met denke en wat krities oor vakinhoud dink
kognitief naamwoord die brein nie.
As jy kognitief lui is, wil jy nie
kognitief bywoord wat betref denke en die brein dink nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hierdie antieke manuskrip

bestaan uit verskillende dele wat
so swak saamhang dat mens kan
ordelik en logies met mekaar aanneem dat dit deur
saamhang werkwoord verband hou verskillende skrywers geskryf is.

Die samehang in hierdie ou teks

die ordelike en samehangende is so swak dat ’n mens kan
verhouding tussen die dele van aanneem dat dit deur
samehang naamwoord ’n geheel verskillende outeurs geskryf is.

byvoeglike ’n Goed deurdagte teks vorm

samehangend naamwoord wat logies sin maak altyd ’n samehangende geheel.

gekenmerk deur ’n ordelike en Jy moet jou bevindings op ’n

byvoeglike konsekwente verband tussen logiese, samehangende en etiese
samehangend naamwoord die dele van ’n geheel manier rapporteer.

Omdat hierdie antieke teks

wat gekenmerk word deur ’n hoegenaamd nie samehangend is
ordelike en logiese samehang nie, kan mens aanneem dat dit
byvoeglike van dele van die geheel; deur verskillende skrywers
samehangend naamwoord koherent geskryf is.

Die spreker het haar inhoud nie

samehangend aangebied nie. As
gevolg daarvan het die punt van
byvoeglike haar toespraak die gehoor
samehangend naamwoord logies verbygegaan.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dit is belangrik dat daar

samehang tussen sinne en
semantiese verband tussen dele paragrawe in ’n teks is, maar
van ’n teks of elemente in ’n algehele samehang is ook
teks wat verseker dat die teks belangrik om die teks sinvol te
samehang naamwoord logies vloei maak op makrovlak.

Hul antwoorde het

ooreengestem en daarom het die
presies of baie dieselfde as iets dosent gedink dat hulle in die
ooreenstem werkwoord anders wees toets gekul het.

Die bewind van Alexander het

met die goue eeu van die
saamval werkwoord gelyktydig gebeur Russiese letterkunde saamgeval.

Hy het op die grond ineengestort

ineenstort werkwoord skielik omval weens ’n hartaanval.

Die ineenstorting van die land se

die skielike mislukking van iets ekonomie het tot die revolusie
ineenstorting naamwoord sodat dit nie kan voortgaan nie. gelei.

Human & Rousseau het in 2016

die Versamelde Werke van
byvoeglike iets wat bymekaargemaak of Eugene Marais in twee bundels
versamel naamwoord byeengebring is uitgegee.

In die museum word ’n

groep soortgelyke dinge wat versameling werktuie uit die
versameling naamwoord versamel of bymekaargemaak is Steentyd bewaar.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die Departement Maatskaplike

Werk bied volgende week ’n
akademiese bespreking of kollokwium aan waar
seminaar waaraan meer as een uitgenooide sprekers oor
kollokwium naamwoord spreker deelneem verstedeliking sal praat.

As jy weet wie die misdaad

gepleeg het, kom asseblief na
na vore kom woordgroep uitkom vore.

Navorsing kan eers vanaf die

tweede week van Februarie
begin en moet voor die begin van
die laaste kwartaal van die
aangevoor word, aan die gang akademiese jaar afgehandel
begin werkwoord kom of in werking tree wees.

Sal passasiers asseblief voor die

aanvang van die vlug hulle
aanvang naamwoord die oomblik wanneer iets begin selfone afskakel.

’n geskrewe of gesproke Kommentaar op die webwerf dui

opmerking, kritiek of op mense se algemene
waarneming oor ’n gebeurtenis, ontevredenheid met mediese
kommentaar naamwoord persoon, ens. dienste in die provinsie.

iets wat iets, gewoonlik sleg, oor Die aantal werkloses werp ’n
’n situasie of gebeurtenis refleksie op die gesondheid van
refleksie naamwoord openbaar die land se ekonomie.

’n Ou man het my genader en

kommentaar gelewer oor my
jou mening oor iets of iemand ooreenkoms met die Shabalalas
kommentaar lewer werkwoord gee, of iets verduidelik wat hy in sy dorp geken het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dosente wat positiewe

opmerkings maak in die klas,
motiveer gewoonlik studente om
hul bes te lewer. Daarteenoor
word studente gedemotiveer
deur dosente wat negatiewe
opmerking naamwoord meningsuiting of reaksie aanmerkings maak.

Die Departement het ’n

kommissie van ondersoek
’n spesiale groep wat aangestel na die beweerde
afgevaardig is om oor ’n saak te onbillike ontslag van twee
kommissie naamwoord besin werknemers.

Hy is opdrag gegee om die

iemand amptelik vra om iets te korrupsie in die maatskappy te
opdrag gee woordgroep doen of te skryf ondersoek.

Die universiteit het addisionele

sê dat jy iets vir ’n spesifieke fondse vir nagraadse beurse
toewys werkwoord doel sal gebruik toegewys.

’n nuttige of waardevolle ding

wat verkoop kan word om wins Goud is ’n kosbare kommoditeit
kommoditeit naamwoord te maak vir Suid-Afrika.

byvoeglike wat deur twee of meer mense Die Vrystaat en Gauteng deel ’n
gemeenskaplik naamwoord of dinge gedeel word gemeenskaplike grens.

Meer en meer mense

inligting of idees met iemand kommunikeer via Skype as
anders uitruil deur woorde, plaasvervanger vir interaksie van
kommunikeer werkwoord gebare, ens. te gebruik aangesig tot aangesig.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy word hoog geag in die

’n groep mense wat dieselfde gemeenskap van siviele
gemeenskap naamwoord sosiale praktyke deel ingenieurs.

Die waardes binne ’n

gemeenskap beïnvloed
gewoonlik die denke van
’n groep mense wat dieselfde individue binne daardie
gemeenskap naamwoord sosiale praktyke deel gemeenskap.

’n groep onafhanklike entiteite Die span het vier jaar lank

wat dieselfde ruimte of belange verwantskapsverhoudings in die
samelewing naamwoord deel samelewing bestudeer.

Protestantisme en Rooms-
Katolisisme is vergelykbaar, want
albei is ’n uitvloeisel van
dieselfde Christelike geloof
byvoeglike waarop ’n mens ’n vergelyking
vergelykbaar naamwoord moontlik om te vergelyk tussen die twee kan baseer.

byvoeglike wat die waarneming van

naamwoord, ooreenkomste en verskille Vele vergelykende studies vorm
vergelykend bywoord tussen dinge behels deel van die navorsing.

dinge ondersoek om vas te stel

in watter opsigte hulle eenders Baie navorsers vergelyk
is en in watter opsigte hulle van gewoonlik hul bevindings met dié
vergelyk werkwoord mekaar verskil van hul kollegas in dieselfde veld.

die ondersoek van dinge om vas In hierdie opstel moet jy ’n

te stel in watter opsigte hulle vergelyking tref tussen die
eenders is en in watter opsigte vroeëre en latere komposisies
vergelyking naamwoord hulle van mekaar verskil van Beethoven.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

eienskappe of toestand wat Die versoenbaarheid van twee

twee of meer dinge in staat stel uiteenlopende denkrigtings soos
om ’n harmoniese geheel te positivisme en postmodernisme
versoenbaarheid naamwoord vorm is ondenkbaar.

Hulle bevindinge oor die

ekologiese uitwerking van
byvoeglike wat in harmonie kan bestaan en hidrobreking is versoenbaar met
versoenbaar naamwoord funksioneer dié van vorige navorsers.

Die universiteit het studente

vergoed vir die beserings wat
hulle opgedoen het toe die
iemand met geld vir iets hysbak in die administrasiegebou
vergoed werkwoord vergoed een verdieping geval het.

die negatiewe gevolge van iets Die rykheid van die data het
vergoed werkwoord balanseer, verwyder of versag vergoed vir die klein steekproef.

Bestuurders het die vaardigheid

nodig om globale
die vaardigheid om ’n spesifieke bemarkingstrategieë te
vaardigheid naamwoord taak uit te voer ontwikkel.

’n lys, dokument, boek, verslag,

ens. wat saamgestel is deur Studiemateriaal moet getuig van
samestelling naamwoord inligting saam te voeg ’n logiese samestelling.

’n lys, dokument, boek, verslag, Die navorser het ’n

ens. saamstel deur inligting te navorsingsverslag opgestel na
opstel werkwoord versamel voltooiing van die studie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n lys, dokument, boek, verslag,

ens. saamstel deur inligting Studiemateriaal moet logies
saamstel werkwoord saam te voeg saamgestel word.

wat as ’n lys, dokument, boek, Die studiemateriaal vir

byvoeglike verslag, ens. opgestel is deur Toegepaste Wiskunde word
saamgestel naamwoord inligting saam te voeg logies saamgestel.

Richard Yates was die

’n persoon wat dele of inligting samesteller van die
samesteller naamwoord bymekaarsit. kortverhaalbundel.

iets by iets anders voeg op ’n Die mondelinge eksamen is

manier wat dit verbeter of ontwerp om die skriftelike
aanvul werkwoord voltooi eksamen aan te vul.

Geskrewe opdragte en formele

om tot iets by te dra sodat die eksamens vul mekaar goed aan
aanvul werkwoord eindproduk beter is as assesseringsmetodes.

iets wat addisionele eienskappe ’n Prent sal die perfekte

bied om iets anders te verbeter toevoeging tot die teks wees om
toevoeging naamwoord of te voltooi die begrip te verduidelik.

Assesseringsmetodes wat as
aanvullend beskou word, is
byvoeglike wat mekaar komplementeer of skriftelike opdragte, mondelinge
aanvullend naamwoord aanvul opvoerings, ens.

Die reeks lesings wat deur die

byvoeglike wat ’n volledige en dosent aangebied word, vorm ’n
voltooi naamwoord afgehandelde geheel vorm voltooide eenheid.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die Suid-Afrikaanse politieke

byvoeglike wat uit verskillende probleme is te ingewikkeld om
ingewikkeld naamwoord interafhanklike dele bestaan binne ’n oogwink op te los.

Die kompleksiteit van die Suid-

toestand van kompleks of Afrikaanse samelewing bring
kompleksiteit naamwoord ingewikkeld te wees geweldige uitdagings.

Met te veel verduidelikings

om iets ingewikkeld of kompliseer mens iets wat eintlik
kompliseer werkwoord gekompliseerd te maak eenvoudig is.

Die primêre komponente van

een van die individuele dele sand is minerale soos veldspaat
komponent naamwoord waaruit ’n groter geheel bestaan en kwarts.

’n geheel wat gevorm word deur ’n Mengsel van slaap en goeie

die verbinding van twee of meer eetgewoontes is belangrik vir
mengsel naamwoord elemente goeie gesondheid.

om iets wat ingewikkeld of Entropie is ’n komplekse begrip

begryp werkwoord moeilik is, ten volle te verstaan wat moeilik is om te begryp.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, wat die meeste of alle aspekte Professor O’Connel is gewild
volledig bywoord van iets insluit of hanteer vanweë sy volledige lesingstyl.

Sy het ’n omvattende studie

byvoeglike gedoen oor die emosionele band
omvattend naamwoord wat alles insluit tussen troeteldiere en mense.

Vanweë die omvattendheid van

toestand wat die meeste of alle haar onderwerp gaan sy nog lank
omvattendheid naamwoord aspekte van iets insluit aan haar doktorsgraad werk.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
Sonuitstraling behels ’n reeks
behels werkwoord bestaan uit golflengtes.

Hierdie studie omvat soveel

dissiplines dat ons oor vakgrense
omvat werkwoord bestaan uit heen sal moet saamwerk.
Die kusus bevat tien
bevat werkwoord bestaan uit kernmodules.

Dit was die taak van die

projekbestuurder om die totale
bereken werkwoord ’n getal of bedrag uitwerk koste van die projek te bereken.
’n idee of prentjie van iets in jou Die mynprojek is oorspronklik in
bedink werkwoord gedagtes vorm 1905 bedink.

Dit is baie moeilik om jou die

jou ’n besondere situasie moderne lewe voor te stel
voorstel werkwoord verbeel sonder toegang tot die internet.
As gevolg van haar siekte kon sy
konsentreer werkwoord jou volle aandag op iets toespits op niks konsentreer nie.

Die mediese
navorsingslaboratorium spits al
sy pogings toe op die
ontwikkeling van ’n entstof vir
toespits werkwoord bymekaar bring TB.

Handewasseep, koeldrank en
vloeibare medisyne is
gekonsentreerde oplossings wat
byvoeglike sterker gemaak deur water algemeen in huishoudings
gekonsentreer naamwoord daaruit te verwyder voorkom.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
Ek sukkel om die begrip evolusie
begrip naamwoord ’n abstrakte of algemene idee te verstaan.

Leonardo da Vinci het sy konsep

van ’n vliegtuig in die vorm van ’n
konsep naamwoord basiese inhoud, idee of ontwerp skets aangebied.

byvoeglike Begripmatige leer verband hou

begripmatig naamwoord volgens betekenis met die konstruktiewe denke.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, met betrekking tot ’n konsep of Konseptuele begrip is afhanklik
konseptueel bywoord konsepte van konkrete voorstellings.

Leonardo da Vinci het sy

konseptualisering van ’n vlieënde
konseptualisering naamwoord abstrakte voorstelling masjien in sketsvorm aangebied.

Leonardo da Vinci het die

vlieënde masjien
gekonseptualiseer en dit toe in
konseptualiseer werkwoord ’n konsep vorm konkrete vorm aangebied.

Vermy lang, ingewikkelde sinne

byvoeglike wat slegs die nodigste of en herhaling om jou skryfwerk
bondig naamwoord belangrikste inligting gee bondig te hou.

die mate waarin slegs die Bondigheid is een van die

nodigste of belangrikste inligting belangrikste vereistes van
bondigheid naamwoord gegee word akademiese skryfwerk.

Die student sluit sy argument

’n besluit neem nadat jy al die vaardig af met ’n logiese
afsluit werkwoord inligting wat jy het, oorweeg het gevolgtrekking.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hulle het elke moontlike leidraad

iets waarmee jy ’n lang ruk besig opgevolg en die ondersoek ná
afsluit werkwoord was, suksesvol afhandel drie jaar afgesluit.

In die artikel kom hy tot die

’n besluit neem nadat jy al die gevolgtrekking dat dit moontlik is
inligting tot jou beskikking vir arm lande om die verspreiding
gevolgtrekking werkwoord oorweeg het van MIV te bekamp.

’n opinie wat jy vorm nadat jy al Die anekdotiese afsluiting van sy

die inligting tot jou beskikking lesing is met luide applous
afsluiting naamwoord oorweeg het begroet.

Die afhandeling van ’n proefskrif

verg senuwees van staal omdat
die voltooiing en finalisering van daar soveel detail is wat finaal
afhandeling naamwoord iets nagegaan moet word.

Die regter het tot ’n

gevolgtrekking gekom en sal
’n opinie wat jy vorm nadat jy al volgende week haar uitspraak
gevolgtrekking naamwoord die inligting oorweeg het lewer.

As gevolg van sy swak

klasbywoning en onvolledige
klaspunt, het ek tot die
gevolgtrekking gekom dat hy nie
in studie belangstel nie of dalk
’n mening wat jy vorm nadat jy met persoonlike probleme
gevolgtrekking naamwoord oor al die inligting nagedink het sukkel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Professor Mohapi is beïndruk

met sy student se opstel waarin
die probleemstelling goed
’n opinie wat jy vorm nadat jy al gemotiveer is en die student tot
die inligting tot jou beskikking ’n duidelike slotsom komin sy
slotsom naamwoord oorweeg het argumentasie.

byvoeglike Sonder konkrete denke is

naamwoord, volledige begrip van baie
konkreet bywoord op ’n konkrete (fisiese) manier akademiese woorde onmoontlik.

Studente moet konsepte met

behulp van voorbeelde
konkretiseer werkwoord konkreet maak konkretiseer.

saamstem werkwoord met iemand of iets saamstem Ons stem saam met die besluit.

byvoeglike Die kunstenaar se werk is in drie

gelyktydig naamwoord wat op dieselfde tyd plaasvind gelyktydige uitstallings vertoon.

Die internasionale gemeenskap

het die dade van geweld in die
veroordeel werkwoord iets of iemand baie sterk afkeur land ten sterkste veroordeel.

’n Mens kan die optrede van

ander maklik afkeur sonder om
hul omstandighede in ag te
afkeur werkwoord iets of iemand veroordeel neem.

Daar is toenemend kritiek teen

die manier waarop ’n besigheid, die gedrag van farmaseutiese
veldtog of aktiwiteit ondernemings in die Derde
gedrag naamwoord georganiseer of bestuur word Wêreld.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die universiteit het ’n opname

gedoen van studente se reaksie
op die nuut geïmplementeerde
doen werkwoord aanpak, uitvoer of verrig gelde-struktuur.

Die twee regters het (met

mekaar) beraadslaag en
ooreengekom dat die man
beraadslaag werkwoord gedagtes oor iets uitruil lewenslange tronkstraf moet kry.

In 2019 is ’n doktorsgraad in
amptelik ’n graad, titel, ens. aan ingenieurswese aan hom
toeken werkwoord iemand gee toegeken.

Twee brandbestryders het daarin

voorkom dat iets verder as ’n geslaag om die brand tot die
beperk werkwoord spesifieke plek of groep versprei sitkamer te beperk.
Leesprobleme is nie net tot
beperk werkwoord binne perke plaas skoolverlaters beperk nie.

sê, of met feite of bewyse toon, Verdere genetiese toetse het die
bevestig werkwoord dat iets definitief waar is diagnose bevestig.

Die amptelike bevestiging van

prof. Schroeder se aanstelling as
die handeling van iets te dekaan was nie vir ons ’n
bevestiging naamwoord bevestig verrassing nie.

Stawing van jou stellings met

feite en voorbeelde is
versterking of bewys met nuwe noodsaaklik as jy mense wil
stawing naamwoord getuienis of feite oortuig.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die bestuur en oplossing van

konflikte oor natuurlike
hulpbronne kan wêreldvrede en -
’n situasie waar mense ernstig veiligheid in die 21ste eeu
konflik naamwoord van mekaar verskil definieer.
Hierdie uitslae weerspreek
weerspreek werkwoord heeltemal van mekaar verskil vroeëre bevindings.

Sommige studente voel die druk

om te konformeer en nie anders
konformeer werkwoord jou by iets aanpas te wees nie.

Studente is dikwels geneig om te

konformeer wat kleredrag en
aan wette, reëls of standaarde haarstyl betref, omdat hulle wil
konformeer werkwoord voldoen voel hulle is deel van die groep.

Nuwe medisyne moet aan die

standaarde van die Mediese
voldoen werkwoord ’n wet of reël nakom Navorsingsraad voldoen.

wat in ooreenstemming met

byvoeglike bepaalde sosiale standaarde Konformerende gedrag is tipies
konformerend naamwoord optree by jong mense.

In ’n gemeenskap is daar altyd ’n

sekere mate van konformiteit
voldoening aan wette, reëls of met die norme van ’n bepaalde
konformiteit naamwoord standaarde stelsel.

In ’n goed ontwerpte akademiese

teks is daar altyd tematiese
juiste verhouding van die dele of kongruensie tussen al die dele
kongruensie naamwoord elemente tot mekaar van die teks.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Studente wat hul akademiese

opstel goed beplan, sal toesien
byvoeglike dat die titel ooreenstemmend is
ooreenstemmend naamwoord wat by mekaar pas met die inleiding en slot.

In ’n weldeurdagte akademiese
teks is al die onderdele tematies
byvoeglike kongruent, want alles is relevant
kongruent naamwoord in ooreenstemming met mekaar tot die student se tema.

In sy proefskrif het hy die

ekonomiese en kulturele
’n verband tussen mense of dimensies met mekaar probeer
verbind werkwoord dinge lê verbind.

’n Voetgangerbrug verbind die

hoofkampus met die
verbind werkwoord by mekaar (laat) aansluit suidkampus.

Ervare studente weet hoe om die

op ’n sinvolle manier by mekaar inhoud van die lesing aan die
koppel werkwoord laat aansluit teorie te koppel.

’n Voegwoord verbind twee

hoofsinne of ’n hoofsin en ’n
verbind werkwoord as skakel optree tussen bysin.

Ervare dosente weet dat

byvoeglike lesinginhoud en vakbeginsels met
verbind naamwoord wat saam hoort mekaar verbind is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Lomp skryfstyl word dikwels

veroorsaak deur die afwesigheid
byvoeglike wat verskillende dinge of van skakelwoorde of bindende
bindend naamwoord aspekte aan mekaar verbind frases.

’n Ervare dosent beklemtoon

gereeld die koppeling van feite
koppeling naamwoord die lê van verbande tussen met vakbeginsels.

Ervare dosente dui in hul lesings

altyd die verband tussen
lesinginhoud en breë
verband naamwoord ’n verhouding tussen dinge vakbeginsels aan.

Die verband tussen die hoofsin

en die klousule word deur ’n
verband naamwoord ’n verhouding tussen dinge voegwoord tot stand gebring.

Woorde het ’n kulturele en

idee of gevoel wat met ’n woord emosionele betekenis of
geassosieer word, afgesien van konnotasie, benewens hul
konnotasie naamwoord die letterlike betekenis letterlike betekenis of denotasie.

byvoeglike wat ’n sekondêre betekenis naas Die konnotatiewe betekenis van

konnotatief naamwoord die primêre betekenis suggereer KAT in ons huis is wollerige engel.

’n Konsensuele ooreenkoms is
tussen die strydende akademici
byvoeglike wat tot stand kom deur ’n bereik om hulpbronne voortaan
konsensueel naamwoord ooreenkoms tussen partye beter te bestuur.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Daar is geen konsensus onder

wetenskaplikes oor die oorsake
konsensus naamwoord algemene ooreenkoms van borskanker nie.

Aangesien sy mondig is, hoef

gunstig reageer of ’n haar ouers nie namens haar toe
toestem werkwoord bevestigende antwoord gee te stem nie.

Met algemene instemming het

die direksie besluit om
rockmusiek op die kampus te
instemming naamwoord ooreenkoms oor iets verbied.

Jy moet ingeligte toestemming

van die respondente verkry
voordat die empiriese deel van
toestemming naamwoord toestemming om iets te doen die navorsing kan begin.

’n Onmiddellike gevolg van die

Koue Oorlog in Rusland was dat
militêre uitgawes dramaties en
gevolg naamwoord die resultaat van iets vinnig gesny is.

Reënwoudvernietiging, en die
gevolglike skade aan die
byvoeglike wat as ’n direkte gevolg van iets omgewing, is nou die grootste
gevolglik naamwoord anders gebeur bekommernis in Sentraal-Afrika.

beskou werkwoord oor iets dink Hoe beskou jy hierdie probleem?

Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Nadat hulle haar

navorsingsvoorstel deeglik
aandag gee aan of nadink oor oorweeg het, het die
iets wat jy bespreek of navorsingskomitee besluit om dit
oorweeg werkwoord bestudeer te aanvaar.

Na die oop gesprek tussen die

aandag gee aan of nadink oor dosent en haar studente,
iets wat jy bespreek of oorweeg sy wel enkele van hulle
oorweeg werkwoord bestudeer voorstelle.

Hulle het ’n aansienlike bedrag

byvoeglike groot in aantal of hoeveelheid of van die maatskappy ontvang om
aansienlik naamwoord omvang of graad die projek te finansier.

byvoeglike Hy was ’n geruime tyd met

geruime naamwoord redelik lank studieverlof.

Ons wyse professor gee altyd

byvoeglike waaroor nagedink is of waaraan eers na diepe nadenke sy oorwoë
oorwoë naamwoord aandag gegee is mening.

Porselein bestaan hoofsaaklik uit

bestaan werkwoord gemaak van klei, veldspaat of flint, en silika.

Temperament kan beskryf word

as die algemene konsekwentheid
die kwaliteit van altyd op waarmee ’n individu op sekere
konsekwentheid naamwoord dieselfde manier op te tree situasies reageer.

Akademiese opstelle moet getuig

dit wat logies voortspruit uit wat van konsekwentheid rakende styl
konsekwentheid naamwoord voorafgegaan het en aanbieding.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
Die knop het ’n rubberagtige
konsistensie naamwoord hoe dik, glad of ferm ’n stof is konsistensie.

Staatsdepartemente moet
byvoeglike wat oor ’n tydperk altyd op konsekwent wees in hul
konsekwent naamwoord dieselfde manier optree kommunikasie.

Die dosent assesseer sy studente

se werkopdragte op ’n
byvoeglike konsekwente wyse, want hy werk
naamwoord, konsekwent met dieselfde
konsekwent bywoord in ooreenstemming met iets assesseringskriteria.

in ooreenstemming met iets Die resultate van die navorsing

strook werkwoord wees strook met die hipotese.

Die voortdurende aanmoediging

byvoeglike wat vir ’n onbepaalde tyd van die dosent motiveer die
voortdurend naamwoord ononderbroke voortgaan studente om te slaag.

’n ding, hoeveelheid of waarde In die sakewêreld is die strewe na

konstante naamwoord wat altyd dieselfde bly wins die enigste konstante.

Lees bestaan uit verskillende

een van die dele wat saam ’n dele, soos die basiese dekodering
deel naamwoord geheel vorm van inligting sowel as begrip.

Mev. Motsa is een van ses

byvoeglike ’n stemgeregtigde lid van ’n konstituerende lede van die
konstituerend naamwoord organisasie organisasie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die lewer, niere en hart is slegs

drie van die samestellende dele
byvoeglike wat ’n deel van die geheel van die volledige menslike
samestellend naamwoord uitmaak liggaam.

Die voorsitter konstitueer ’n

vergadering sodat dringende
konstitueer werkwoord tot stand bring sake bespreek kan word.

Die nege provinsies maak die

uitmaak werkwoord vorm of saamstel Republiek van Suid-Afrika uit.

Sy hele idee is as bose mense

verenig is en mag
verteenwoordig, eerlike mense
verteenwoordig werkwoord iets wees of iets vorm dieselfde moet doen.

Die grondwet van ’n organisasie

bied riglyne aan lede oor hoe om
grondwet naamwoord stel vaste reëls dit te bestuur.

Die studie word beperk deur tyd

beperk werkwoord terughou en finansiële hulpbronne.
maak deur materiale en Die huise is van klip en
bou werkwoord onderdele te saam te voeg modderstene gebou.

Jy kan die buitelyne van ’n huis

konstrueer deur vier stokkies van
konstrueer werkwoord bou of vorm dieselfde lengte te gebruik.

Die mens konstrueer saam met

ander mense betekenis binne ’n
konstrueer werkwoord skep of vorm gee aan spesifieke konteks.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Ras is grootliks ’n sosiale

’n komplekse idee, geloof of konstruk wat deur sosiale
konstruk naamwoord filosofie kondisionering beïnvloed word.

teorie, gewoonlik op
kwalitatiewe norme gebaseer, Die antieke Griekse konstruk van
wat verskillende konseptuele demokrasie verskil baie van
konstruk naamwoord elemente bevat vandag s’n.

iets soos ’n idee, sin, argument

of skryfstuk vorm deur Khulani het sy teorie uit
verskillende woorde, idees, ens. persoonlike ervaring en
konstrueer werkwoord saam te voeg navorsing gekonstrueer.

Betekenis is in ’n hoë mate ’n

byvoeglike gemeenskaplik gekonstrueerde
gekonstrueer naamwoord wat gevorm of gebou is konsep.

Die bouers het die afgelope vier

iets wat gebou is, gewoonlik ’n maande ’n groot konstruksie
konstruksie naamwoord groot struktuur opgerig.

Studente leer altyd baie uit prof.

byvoeglike Cunningham se konstruktiewe
naamwoord, kommentaar onderaan hulle
konstruktief bywoord nuttig en voordelig werkopdragte.

denkrigting wat behels dat

kennis en betekenis nie neutraal
is nie, maar sosiaal gekonstrueer
is, met ander woorde binne die Konstruktivisme is ’n teorie wat
konteks van gemeenskappe en gebruik kan word in die onderrig
konstruktivisme naamwoord historiese tydperke en aanleer van vreemde tale.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die leeshandeling is ’n
konstruktivistiese handeling
omdat die leser se konteks die
byvoeglike verbandhoudend met die teorie betekenis van die geleesde teks
konstruktivisties naamwoord van konstruktivisme bepaal.

Studente moet die tekste van

verskillende kundiges in die
biblioteek naslaan voordat hulle
naslaan werkwoord in ’n boek na inligting soek hul opstelle aanpak.

Sy sal ’n woordeboek raadpleeg

na ’n persoon, boek, ens. gaan om die spelling van die woorde
raadpleeg werkwoord vir advies of inligting na te gaan.

idees en opinies oor iets uitruil Studente word aangemoedig om

sodat julle saam ’n besluit kan die dosente gedurende
raadpleeg werkwoord neem spreekure te raadpleeg.
Die kleur van materiaal verbruik
verbruik werkwoord hulpbronne of materiaal gebruik baie water.

Hedendaagse
landskapkunstenaars het die idee
van ’n mooi prentjie laat vaar ten
byvoeglike gunste van ’n kunswerk wat
hedendaags naamwoord wat tot die huidige tyd behoort sosiale kommentaar lewer.

byvoeglike wat tot dieselfde tyd as iets Pop-kultuur is kontemporêr van

kontemporêr naamwoord anders behoort aard.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

die algemene situasie, gebeure

of inligting wat met ’n idee of Die inleidende hoofstuk van ’n
voorval verband hou en wat proefskrif moet die konteks
daartoe bydra dat dit verstaan beskryf waarin die navorsing
konteks naamwoord word plaasvind.

die woorde en sinne wat voor

en na ’n bepaalde woord kom, Dieselfde woord kan verskillende
en wat help om die betekenis dinge beteken, afhangende van
konteks naamwoord daarvan duidelik te maak die konteks.

Konstruktivisme is ’n denkrigting
samehang waarin die sin of wat kennis nie as onveranderlike
waarde van die dele deur die waarheid beskou nie, maar as
geheel of onderling deur hul kontekstueel, dit wil sê soos
verband bepaal word, en dié van bepaal deur gemeenskappe
konteks naamwoord die geheel deur die dele binne konteks.

’n Kontekstuele benadering tot

probleemoplossing is
byvoeglike wat verband hou met die noodsaaklik, veral waar groepe
naamwoord, konteks waarin iets gebeur, of met uiteenlopende sienings
kontekstueel bywoord die konteks van ’n teks betrokke is.

Om die gedig te verstaan, moet

jy dit in die Soweto van die
kontekstualiseer werkwoord iets in konteks plaas middel-1970’s kontekstualiseer.

Die kontrak stipuleer dat die

’n bindende ooreenkoms wat werk binne drie maande
kontrak naamwoord wetlik afgedwing kan word afgehandel moet word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

onderlinge ooreenkoms of Daar is ’n onuitgesproke sosiale

kontrak naamwoord verdrag kontrak tussen alle mense.

Die skrynwerker is gekontrakteer

’n formele ooreenkoms met om die werk aan die oostekant
kontrakteer werkwoord iemand aangaan om iets te doen van die gebou te verrig.

Die universiteit kontrakteer

jaarliks ’n aantal kontrakdosente
kontrakteer werkwoord ’n kontrak aangaan of sluit om die onderriglas te verlig.

byvoeglike Die partye is kontraktueel verplig

naamwoord, om jaarliks ’n finansiële verslag in
kontraktueel bywoord volgens ’n kontrak te dien.

’n Stelling wat hy in ’n onlangse

artikel maak, weerspreek ’n
bewering wat hy gemaak het in
die teenoorgestelde sê van wat ’n artikel wat vyf jaar gelede
weerspreek werkwoord jy of iemand tevore gesê het gepubliseer is.

Die verklaring van die vise-

president weerspreek die feite
weerspreek werkwoord iets as negatief of vals bewys wat deur joernaliste ontbloot is.

Jy weerspreek jouself as jy sê dat

stellings maak of bevat wat jy geweld aanvaar én dat jy in ’n
weerspreek werkwoord heeltemal van mekaar verskil vreedsame samelewing glo.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wat ’n weerspreking! Die

beskuldigde het gister gesê die
’n gebrek aan ooreenstemming buurman is die skuldige en
tussen feite, menings of vandag sê hy dis die buurman se
weerspreking naamwoord handelinge vrou.

As daar teenstrydighede tussen

’n gebrek aan ooreenstemming bronne is, moet jy besluit watter
tussen feite, opinies of een jy glo, en addisionele bewyse
teenstrydigheid naamwoord handelinge vind om dit te staaf.

’n kombinasie van twee dinge

wat lyk asof hulle die Sy koue oë is ’n weerspreking van
weerspreking naamwoord teenoorgestelde van mekaar is sy vriendelike woorde.

byvoeglike wat so uiteenlopend is dat dit Hy is oral bekend vir sy

teenstrydig naamwoord nie alles waar kan wees nie teenstrydige bewerings.

wat so baie van mekaar verskil Die weersprekende blik in sy

byvoeglike dat albei nie waar of korrek kan koue oë het sy vriendelike
weersprekend naamwoord wees nie woorde oneg laat klink.

Die twee kenners was nie

vriendelik met mekaar nie –
byvoeglike inteendeel, hulle het op mekaar
inteendeel naamwoord die omgekeerde is waar geskree.

Hulle het sy storie nie geglo nie,

die teenoorgestelde van wat want hulle het bewys van die
teendeel naamwoord gesê of gedoen is teendeel.

heeltemal anders en teenoor ’n Hierdie idee is strydig met die

byvoeglike ander geloof, mening, idee of algemene siening van die
strydig naamwoord siening bestuur.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy het gesê dat water saamtrek

wanneer dit vries – inteendeel,
inteendeel naamwoord juis omgekeerd dit sit uit.

Daar is ’n gevoel dat dit strydig is

byvoeglike die teenoorgestelde van wat met die gees van die
strydig naamwoord gesê of gedoen is ooreenkoms.
Die kontras tussen lig en donker
kontras naamwoord duidelike verskil is baie duidelik.

In die drama word die gelukkige

lewe van ’n eenvoudige
werkende vrou met die
twee dinge vergelyk ten einde ongelukkige lewe van haar
die verskille tussen hulle aan te welgestelde werkgewer
kontrasteer werkwoord toon gekontrasteer.

twee dinge met mekaar vergelyk Die dosent kontrasteer die twee
en aantoon hoe hulle duidelik kennisareas deur hul botsende
kontrasteer werkwoord van mekaar verskil eienskappe te beskryf.

’n groot verskil tussen dinge,

veral as jy hulle langs mekaar
kontras naamwoord plaas Stilte en geraas vorm ’n kontras.

Verskille tussen die twee

’n skerp onderskeid tussen produkte is waargeneem in
dinge, veral as jy hulle langs terme van prys, funksionaliteit en
verskil naamwoord mekaar plaas duursaamheid.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, wat op ’n treffende manier Hartseer en vreugde is
kontrasterend bywoord verskil kontrasterende emosies.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

waar die uiteenlopendheid van Die skilder verf twee verskillende

byvoeglike dinge getoon word deur hulle gesigte – ’n laggende gesig en
verskillend naamwoord met mekaar te vergelyk een wat treurig lyk.

Die professor het baie belangrike

’n artikel vir ’n vaktydskrif, artikels bygedra tot die voorste
bydra werkwoord tydskrif of koerant skryf mediese tydskrif in Suid-Afrika.

geld of hulpbronne gee om ’n Die mediese maatskappy het drie

bepaalde doel te bereik, of vir kiste medisyne tot die nuwe
bydra werkwoord iets betaal kliniek bygedra.

Omstrede onderwerpe soos

kloning en embrio-bevriesing het
altyd kontroversie tot gevolg,
want hierdie onderwerpe is
byvoeglike wat aanleiding gee tot kontroversieel nog voordat
omstrede naamwoord meningsverskil mense daaroor begin stry.

Kernkrag is ’n kontroversiële
byvoeglike baie openbare meningsverskil kwessie en lei steeds tot hewige
kontroversieel naamwoord veroorsaak debatte.

Navorsing oor menslike kloning is

dikwels kontroversieel omdat dit
byvoeglike wat tot heelwat openbare allerhande etiese kwessies op die
kontroversieel naamwoord meningsverskil lei voorgrond plaas.

Die film oor die oorlog in

Vietnam het hewige
omstredenheid ontketen weens
die eksplisiete tonele van seks en
omstredenheid naamwoord uitgerekte meningsverskil geweld.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

As gevolg van die kontroversie

’n openbare bespreking oor ’n het die media nog meer aandag
kwessie waaroor baie mense nie aan die versorging van diere in
kontroversie naamwoord saamstem nie toetsfasiliteite bestee.

Die onlangse navorsing oor

kloning van mense is al lank in
’n openbare bespreking oor ’n omstredenheid gehul omdat
kwessie waaroor baie mense nie navorsers nie saamstem oor die
omstredenheid naamwoord saamstem nie etiese implikasies daarvan nie.

Daar is hewige polemiek in die

media oor die nuwe
polemiek naamwoord uitgerekte meningsverskil regeringsaanstelling.
(reël dat ’n formele vergadering) Die vigs-konferensie het in Mei in
plaasvind werkwoord gehou word Durban plaasgevind.

Die moderne kuns het

die manier waarop iets weggebreek van negentiende-
konvensie naamwoord gewoonlik gedoen word eeuse konvensies.

byvoeglike Haar vreemde leefstyl pas nie by

naamwoord, volgens die manier waarop iets ons gewone manier van doen
konvensioneel bywoord gewoonlik gedoen word nie.

vanuit verskillende rigtings na

dieselfde plek beweeg, of op ’n Lengtegraadlyne konvergeer by
spesifieke plek by mekaar die pole en is die verste van
konvergeer werkwoord aansluit mekaar af by die ewenaar.

ophou anders wees en Hul standpunte kom bymekaar as

bymekaarkom werkwoord soortgelyk raak dit by armoedeverligting kom.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die leser se uiteenlopende

voorstelle kom uiteindelik saam
saamkom werkwoord by mekaar aansluit in een idee.

beweging na dieselfde plek uit

verskillende rigtings, of Die sameloop van soveel
ontmoeting of aansluiting by ’n spoorlyne in so ’n klein dorpie is
sameloop naamwoord spesifieke plek nogal vreemd.

’n Vraag waarop daar net een

byvoeglike antwoord is, vereis konvergente
naamwoord, denke en dwing jou dus om
konvergent bywoord wat op een punt gerig is konvergent te antwoord.

Die studente gesels graag in hul

eie tale, al studeer hulle almal in
gesels werkwoord ’n gesprek voer of iets bespreek Engels.

die teenoorgestelde van ’n feit, Daar word algemeen geglo dat ...
teensy naamwoord mening of stelling maar die teensy is ook waar.

Baie Christene dink dat Charles

Darwin ophou glo het aan sy
iemand oorreed om sy of haar evolusieteorie en dat hy hom
geloof, menings of gewoontes te voor sy dood tot die Christendom
bekeer werkwoord verander bekeer het.

iemand wat ’n bepaalde

gewoonte, godsdiens, politieke
oortuiging, ens. vir ’n ander Sy het nooit kon dink dat sy haar
verruil het, of wat deur iemand inkopies aanlyn sou doen nie,
bekeerling naamwoord oorreed is om dit te doen maar nou is sy ’n bekeerling.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Neutron sit om in ’n proton

van een vorm na ’n ander wanneer ’n elektron vrygestel
omsit werkwoord verander word.

die aard, doel of funksie van iets Deesdae is dit maklik om gewone
omskakel werkwoord verander DVD’s na blue-ray om te skakel.

iemand die waarheid of Soliede bewyse het hom oortuig

oortuig werkwoord geldigheid van iets laat besef om in haar onskuld te glo.

Die departemente Ekonomie en

saam met iemand anders aan ’n Rekenaarwetenskap werk saam
saamwerk werkwoord gemeenskaplike projek werk aan al hul groot projekte.

Benjamin sal sy uiteenlopende

sosiale aktiwiteite met ’n
verskillende elemente op ’n sistematiese studieplan moet
harmonieuse manier koördineer, anders gaan sy
koördineer werkwoord bymekaarbring studies daaronder ly.

waarvan die verskillende Gekoördineerde studie- en

byvoeglike elemente in ’n doeltreffende sosiale aktiwiteite is die sleutel
gekoördineer naamwoord verhouding tot mekaar is tot sukses.

Ons almal weet hoe noodsaaklik

die organisasie van verskillende die koördinering van
elemente sodat hulle buitemuurse aktiwiteite en ’n
terselfdertyd saam kan studieplan is vir suksesvolle
koördinering naamwoord funksioneer studie.
Die kern van ingenieurswese is
kern naamwoord die belangrikste of sentrale deel probleemoplossing.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sekere werkwoorde en
selfstandige naamwoorde is
enigeen van twee of meer sake korrelate van mekaar, soos
korrelaat naamwoord wat onderling verband hou STAMP, SKREEU en WERK.

wys dat daar ’n noue verband is Ontoereikende voorgeboortelike

tussen twee of meer feite of sorg korreleer sterk met
korreleer werkwoord getalle voortydige geboorte.

wys dat daar ’n noue verband is

tussen twee of meer feite of Die twee navorsers se bevindinge
korreleer werkwoord getalle korreleer nie met mekaar nie.

’n verband tussen twee dinge Navorsing het ’n duidelike

waarin die een ding verander verband tussen armoede en
verband naamwoord soos die ander verander misdaad getoon.

Die navorser wil weet of daar ’n

onderlinge verhouding, verband, korrelasie is tussen armoede en
korrelasie naamwoord interafhanklikheid misdaad.

Die verhouding tussen WERK as

selfstandige naamwoord en
byvoeglike wat wedersyds met mekaar in WERK as werkwoord is
korrelatief naamwoord betrekking staan korrelatief.

Die getuie se verhaal stem

versoenbaar, soortgelyk of ooreen met wat op die video
ooreenstem werkwoord konsekwent wees gesien kan word.

Hierdie artikel ontleed die

belangrikheid van jurisdiksie oor
reaksie op opponente se arbitrasie, die teenpleidooi en die
teenpleidooi naamwoord argumente beregting daarvan.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Studente wat eers kort voor hul

eindeksamen begin hersien, skep
skep werkwoord genereer of veroorsaak eindelose probleme vir hulself.

iets nuuts of oorspronkliks laat Die regering het belowe om meer

skep werkwoord gebeur of tot stand bring werkgeleenthede te skep.

iets nuuts of oorspronkliks laat Om ’n weldeurdagte argument te

skep werkwoord gebeur of tot stand bring skep, is ook ’n kuns.

Dit neem die meeste studente

lank om ’n samehangende teks te
iets nuuts of oorspronkliks laat skep waarin hulle hul idees
skep werkwoord gebeur of tot stand bring bondig en helder formuleer.

Die skep van ’n goedgeskrewe en

iets nuuts of oorspronkliks wat deurdagte argument is ook, in ’n
skep naamwoord geskep of tot stand gebring is sekere sin, ’n kunsvorm.

’n Goedgeskrewe akademiese
iets nuuts of oorspronkliks wat opstel kan ook as ’n kunstige
skepping naamwoord geskep of tot stand gebring is skepping beskou word.

wat van ’n goeie verbeelding

byvoeglike getuig om iets nuuts of Die student is kreatief in die
kreatief naamwoord oorspronkliks tot stand te bring formulering van haar argumente.

Studente weet dikwels nie wat

standaarde, maatstawwe of die kriteria vir ’n akademiese
kriteria naamwoord riglyne vir beoordeling opdrag is nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die prestasiebestuurstelsel
’n eienskap aan die hand definieer die maatstawwe
waarvan iets geëvalueer kan waarvolgens werknemers
maatstaf naamwoord word geëvalueer word.

Dit is baie maklik om krities te

byvoeglike wees oor ander se foute, maar
krities naamwoord wat foute soek en uitwys jou eie te ignoreer.

Die keurders wat deur die

uitgewer aangestel is, het
sommige aspekte van die roman
gekritiseer, waarna die skrywer
die kwaliteit van iets beoordeel haar manuskrip hersien het en
kritiseer werkwoord en foute aandui dit gepubliseer is.

Hy het sy vrou se opbouende

kritiek ter harte geneem en ’n
ontleding en beoordeling van hele paar aanpassings in die
kritiek naamwoord meriete en foute roman gemaak.

byvoeglike Skenking van voedsel is kritiek vir

kritiek naamwoord van uiterste belang die oorlewendes van die vloed.

’n Mens kan goeie gewoontes

kultiveer by diegene wat nog nie
kultiveer werkwoord ontwikkel daaroor beskik nie.

Daar word beweer dat

’n manier van dink of optree videospeletjies geweld by
aankweek werkwoord ontwikkel sommige kinders aankweek.

met betrekking tot die idees, Die kulturele betekenis van

byvoeglike konvensies en sosiale gebruike volksfeeste moet nie onderskat
kultureel naamwoord van ’n samelewing word nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die maak van gaatjies in

liggaamsdele is nie ’n moderne
’n bepaalde samelewing op ’n verskynsel nie – dit is reeds
kultuur naamwoord bepaalde tyd en plek gedoen deur antieke kulture.

die gebruike, sosiale instellings,

oortuigings en kunsvorme wat Die kultuur van die Khoi-San
deur ’n bepaalde samelewing of word steeds in rotstekeninge
kultuur naamwoord beskawing gedeel word bewaar.

aktiwiteite soos kuns, musiek,

letterkunde, wat ’n beskawing Die gewilde fees van kulture in
op ’n spesifieke tydstip belangrik Johannesburg lok duisende
kultuur naamwoord ag besoekers.

Die verskil tussen die

kenmerkende kultuur van die
Innuïete en die Westerse
beskawing is duidelik te sien in
hul eetgewoontes, kleredrag,
idees, gebruike en sosiale opvoedkundige metodes en
kultuur naamwoord gedrag van ’n samelewing godsdienstige praktyke.

die toestand van deur baie

mense aanvaar of gebruik te Die woord BRAAI het ook by
ingang naamwoord word Engelssprekendes ingang gevind.

die metaal- of papier-ruilmiddel Die Suid-Afrikaanse geldeenheid

geldeenheid naamwoord wat tans gebruik word is die rand.

byvoeglike Die kurrikulêre fokus van skole

kurrikulêr naamwoord met betrekking tot ’n kurrikulum verskil.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Onderwysers wat aangestel word

om te kurrikuleer, moet baie jare
’n kurrikulum vir ’n vak beplan ondervinding in die onderrig van
kurrikuleer werkwoord en opstel die vak hê.

As ’n mens die Latynse oorsprong

CURRI- in gedagte hou, is ’n
kurrikulum die figuurlike pad wat
elemente waaruit uit ’n ’n mens met bepaalde vakinhoud
kurrikulum naamwoord studiekursus bestaan na ’n bepaalde doelwit stap.

kort opsomming van

kwalifikasies en vorige
werkservaring wat saam met ’n As jy aansoek doen om ’n pos,
aansoek om ’n betrekking moet ’n volledige curriculum
curriculum vitae naamwoord gestuur word vitae jou aansoek vergesel.

Die prys word in siklusse van vier

’n reeks gebeure wat periodiek jaar toegeken – hierdie jaar word
siklus naamwoord herhaal word dit toegeken vir outobiografieë.

een volledige reeks bewegings

wat ’n elektriese, meganiese of Die wasmasjien het ’n spesiale
siklus naamwoord elektroniese proses voltooi siklus vir wolstowwe.

inligting, feite, metings of

waarnemings wat ondersoek ’n Vraelys sal gebruik word om
data naamwoord word om dinge uit te vind die data te versamel.

’n bespreking oor ’n onderwerp Die debat oor vuurwapens het

waaroor mense se menings die sitting van die parlement
debat naamwoord verskil vandag oorheers.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n bespreking voer met redes vir Vandag gaan die Departement

en teen ’n voorstel ten einde ’n van Maatskaplike Sekerheid die
besluit te neem of ’n probleem verskaffing van kindertoelaes
debatteer werkwoord op te los debatteer.

Die debattering in die parlement

gaan myns insiens mank aan
redelike denke weens die
bespreking waar deelnemers subjektiwiteit van sprekers se
debattering naamwoord verskillende standpunte stel argumente.

My vriend maak homself

ongewild omdat hy by partytjies
in debatterende styl met mense
byvoeglike gesels wanneer hulle net lus is vir
debatterend naamwoord op ’n formele, stryerige manier sosiale praatjies.
Sy het meer as ’n dekade aan die
dekade naamwoord ’n tydperk van tien jaar universiteit klas gegee.

As ’n liggaam besluit om te
iets van een konsentrasiepunt desentraliseer, word die gesag
verwyder en dit verdeel en van die sentrum na die periferie
desentraliseer werkwoord versprei verplaas.

Die getal nuwe weermagrekrute

het van 20 000 tot 13 000 per
afneem werkwoord kleiner, minder of swakker word jaar afgeneem.

’n geleidelike vermindering in Daar was ’n afname in

die hoeveelheid, kwaliteit of entoesiasme vir langtermyn-
afname naamwoord belangrikheid van iets navorsingsprojekte.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Derrida meen dat tekste geen

tekstuele betekenis ondermyn finale betekenis het nie, omdat
deur inherente konflik en tekste hulself voortdurend
dekonstrueer werkwoord teenstrydighede uit te lig dekonstrueer.

Derrida, die Franse vader van

filosofiese denkrigting wat die dekonstruksie, verwerp die
algemeen aanvaarde siening opvatting dat die bedoeling van
verwerp dat woorde in ’n teks ’n ’n skrywer die betekenis van ’n
dekonstruksie naamwoord samehangende betekenis vorm teks bepaal.

Derrida is beskou as een van die

byvoeglike wat verband hou met die teorie grootste dekonstruktiewe
dekonstruktief naamwoord van dekonstruksie denkers van sy tyd.

Daar is ’n duidelike afname in sy

studietyd, in ag genome die tyd
toestand van kleiner, minder of wat hy aan sy sosiale lewe
afname naamwoord swakker word bestee.

Daar kan verwag word dat die

waarde van die rand sal daal
voortdurend minder word in wanneer die ekonomie
daal werkwoord getal of waarde verlangsaam.
voortdurend verminder in getal Die bevolking in die gebied het
afneem werkwoord of waarde drasties afgeneem.

’n amptelike bevel van ’n

regering of heerser wat wet Die dekreet het vryheid van
dekreet naamwoord word spraak vir die media gewaarborg.

sê dat ’n boek, film of

musiekstuk geskryf, gemaak of
gekomponeer is vir iemand wat Ek wil my eerste boek aan my ma
opdra werkwoord jy liefhet of respekteer opdra.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy het sy lewe aan geregtigheid

wy werkwoord tyd en moeite aan iets bestee vir sy medemens gewy.

Studente lei uit ’n gedig dikwels

’n mening vorm gebaseer op die ’n betekenis af wat nie bedoel is
aflei werkwoord bewyse wat beskikbaar is of gemotiveer kan word nie.

Uit haar ysige houding het hy die

’n mening gebaseer op die afleiding gemaak dat sy vir hom
afleiding naamwoord beskikbare inligting of bewyse kwaad is.

As 80% van die tieners aan sport

deelneem en Alan ’n tiener is,
kan ’n mens deur deduksie die
redenasie van die algemene na afleiding maak dat Alan heel
deduksie naamwoord die spesifieke waarskynlik aan sport deelneem.

Gegewe sy swak klasbywoning en

swak punte, kan die afleiding
’n mening wat gebaseer is op gemaak word dat hy nie in studie
die inligting of bewyse wat belangstel nie of dalk met
afleiding naamwoord beskikbaar is persoonlike probleme sukkel.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, wat van die algemene na die Hy gebruik ’n deduktiewe
deduktief bywoord spesifieke redeneer benadering.

My teenstander is miskien goed,

weens gebrek aan opposisie maar ek sal bewys dat ek die
eerder as bewustelike keuse of kampioenskapstroon nie by
verstek naamwoord handeling verstek bestyg het nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die verstekopsie op my rekenaar

iets wat bestaan of gebeur as jy is om my werk elke vyf minute te
verstek naamwoord dit nie doelbewus verander nie stoor.

iemand se besluit of opinie Toe hy gevra is oor moontlike

aanvaar, omdat jy hom of haar oplossings, het hy die kenners
eerbiedig werkwoord respekteer eerbiedig.
Sy het haar besluit tot ’n later
uitstel werkwoord tot later uitstel datum uitgestel.

wat nie genoeg het of genoeg

byvoeglike bevat van iets wat nodig is om Hierdie dieet is ontoereikend wat
ontoereikend naamwoord behoorlik te funksioneer nie vitamien A en C betref.

wat beskryf of omskryf kan word

byvoeglike om dit sodoende van iets anders Wetenskaplike begrippe is nie
definieerbaar naamwoord te onderskei altyd maklik definieerbaar nie.

Die nagraadse student het ’n

vakwoordeboek gebruik om
tegniese terme in sy studie te
definieer werkwoord iets deeglik en korrek beskryf definieer.

die eienskappe of kenmerke van

iets verskaf sodat dit van ander In die inleiding tot jou proefskrif
definieer werkwoord dinge onderskei kan word moet jy kernbegrippe definieer.

Dit is belangrik dat die student

eers die probleem wat sy
die eienskappe of kenmerke van ondersoek deeglik omskryf
iets verskaf sodat dit van ander voordat sy met haar navorsing
omskryf werkwoord dinge onderskei kan word begin.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Ná die lesing verstaan die meeste

byvoeglike studente die gedefinieerde
gedefinieer naamwoord waarvoor ’n definisie verskaf is konsep baie beter.

sodanig bepaal of gedefinieer Navorsing behoort volgens

byvoeglike dat dit van ander dinge of duidelik omskrewe riglyne te
omskryf naamwoord konsepte onderskei kan word geskied.

Al die groot figure in die

geskiedenis het besliste idees
gehad en hulle het ook hul
byvoeglike sienings in definitiewe taal
definitief naamwoord duidelik gedefinieer oorgedra.

Die webwerf bied geen

byvoeglike definitiewe antwoorde op my
definitief naamwoord eksplisiet en duidelik omskryf. vrae oor die sagteware nie.

’n Opleidingsgroep is per
definisie ’n groep waarby
deelnemers aansluit om iets te
presiese verklaring van die leer, gewoonlik deur
definisie naamwoord betekenis van iets ondervinding.

Nadat hulle twee uur

baie goed oor iets dink sodat ’n beraadslaag het, het die komitee
beraadslaag werkwoord besluit geneem kan word besluit om die mosie te steun.

Na die oop gesprek tussen die

baie goed oor iets dink sodat ’n dosent en sy studente oorweeg
oorweeg werkwoord besluit geneem kan word hy enkele van hulle voorstelle.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die polisiemag het ’n

doelbewuste poging aangewend
byvoeglike om misdaad in die gebied te
doelbewus naamwoord stadig en vasberade verminder.

Die student het doelbewus

byvoeglike plagiaat gepleeg en gehoop dat
doelbewus naamwoord met opset die dosent dit nie sou sien nie.

Die berekende doelbewustheid

van die handeling was net so
skokkend en surrealisties soos
die eerste keer toe hy haar
doelbewustheid naamwoord opsetlikheid geslaan het.

Na aansienlike beraadslaging het

Rhodes en Jameson tot die
gevolgtrekking gekom dat hulle
suksesvol tussen Kruger en die
beraadslaging naamwoord deeglike besinning Uitlanders kon ingryp.

Om tyd toe te laat vir die

insameling van fondse en
beraadslaging, is die eiendom vir
die proses om iets deeglik te ’n jaar aan die oorspronklike
beraadslaging naamwoord bespreek en oorweeg koper verhuur.

Die beste tyd om ’n lesing te

lewer is in die oggend, want ná
middagete is dit dikwels moeilik
lewer werkwoord gee om op jou feite te konsentreer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

As jy onder die waan verkeer dat

slegs jou opinies reg is, kan dit
iets wat jy glo, maar wat nie wees dat jy nie behoorlik oor jou
waan naamwoord waar is nie sienings nadink nie.
Die studieprogram vereis
vereis werkwoord streng vereis toewyding van die student.

In die opleiding van onervare

werktuigkundiges moet ’n mens
die aftakeling van byvoorbeeld ’n
’n handeling stapsgewys toon of vergasser op ’n algoritmiese
demonstreer werkwoord uiteensit manier demonstreer.

Sy het haar liefde vir kinders

wys dat jy ’n sekere vaardigheid, gedemonstreer deur vrywillig by
demonstreer werkwoord kwaliteit, vermoë of gevoel het ’n kinderhuis te werk.

Die onderstaande figuur toon

aan tot watter mate die grond
aantoon werkwoord iets (ver)toon of bewys minder bewerkbaar geword het.

Danksy haar konkrete aanbieding

verstaan almal die
byvoeglike waarvan ’n demonstrasie gedemonstreerde beginsels
gedemonstreer naamwoord verskaf word beter.

Tydens die skryfskool het die

skrywer ’n demonstrasie gelewer
demonstrasie naamwoord ’n praktiese verduideliking van enkele skryftegnieke.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die denotasie van HOND is:

viervoetige, blaffende
denotasie naamwoord letterlike betekenis troeteldier.

wat die hoofbetekenis dra en Die betekenis van HOND as ’n

byvoeglike nie gevoelens of menings insluit viervoetige huisdier wat blaf, is
denotatief naamwoord nie denotatief.

In die periodieke tabel word die

’n teken of aanduiding te gee element natrium deur die
aandui werkwoord van simbool Na aangedui.

Die akroniem VIGS staan vir

verworwe
beteken werkwoord voorstel of aandui immuniteitsgebreksindroom.

moeilik om te verstaan omdat Haar skryfwerk is so dig dat net

byvoeglike dit baie idees en inligting bevat ander kundiges in die veld dit
dig naamwoord en moeilike taal gebruik verstaan.

wat baie mense of voorwerpe Die pad het met elke tree
byvoeglike bevat met min spasie tussen dowwer geword en uiteindelik in
dig naamwoord hulle digte ruigtes doodgeloop.
Hy het ontken dat hy tydens die
ontken werkwoord verklaar dat iets onwaar is toets gekul het.

Die maatskappy het

iets as vals verwerp, of weier om verantwoordelikheid vir die
ontken werkwoord iets te glo, aanvaar of erken ongeluk ontken.

Voedselhulp het gewoonlik tot

gevolg dat die pryse van kos in
die waarde van pryse of lone die land wat bevoordeel word,
verlaag werkwoord minder maak verlaag word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike Die antwoord was maklik

afleibaar naamwoord wat van iets afgelei kan word afleibaar van die leidrade.

SINGEND, SANG, SANGER en

vorming van ’n woord uit ’n GESANG is deur afleiding van die
afleiding naamwoord ander woord woord SING gevorm.
’n woord wat uit ’n ander woord Die woord SANGER is ’n afleiding
afleiding naamwoord gevorm is van SING.

iets bereken, ontdek of daarstel Die groot probleem vir die

deur die beskikbare inligting te Realiste is hoe om die individuele
aflei werkwoord gebruik van die universele af te lei.
verduidelik hoe iets of iemand is Beskryf in detail hoe ’n
beskryf werkwoord of lyk sonaangedrewe geiser werk.

Hy het ’n volledige beskrywing

van die man, sy voertuig en die
spraak of skrywe wat rekenskap registrasienommer daarvan
beskrywing naamwoord gee van hoe iets is gekry.

Die dosent vra aan die klas: Wat

verslag van die voorkoms of sal ’n gangbare omskrywing van
omskrywing naamwoord eienskappe van iets of iemand portuurassessering wees?

Die beskrywende dele in jou

byvoeglike boek is gewoonlik meer
beskrywend naamwoord wat verduidelik hoe iets is oortuigend as die filosofiese dele.

Die vermoë om ’n behoorlike

iets nuuts of oorspronkliks tot navorsingsplan te ontwerp, is die
ontwerp werkwoord stand bring sleutel tot suksesvolle navorsing.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
hoe iets lyk, werk of gebruik Die nuwe kunstegebou het ’n art
ontwerp naamwoord word nouveau-ontwerp.

’n gedetailleerde tekening of
plan van iets wat aantoon hoe
dit sal werk en hoe jy dit sal Sy het ’n aantal ontwerpe vir die
ontwerp naamwoord maak modeskou voorgelê.

’n gedetailleerde plan van iets

wat wys hoe dit sal werk en hoe Daar is ernstige leemtes in die
ontwerp naamwoord jy dit sal aanpak navorser se navorsingsontwerp.

’n tekening, plan of model skep Die sagteware-ingenieurs sal ’n

waarvolgens iets gemaak of teks-na-spraak-app vir die nuwe
ontwerp werkwoord gebou kan word foon ontwerp.

’n tekening, plan of model

ontwikkel waarvolgens iets Om ’n behoorlike navorsingsplan
gemaak, gebou of geskryf kan te ontwerp, is die sleutel tot
ontwerp werkwoord word suksesvolle navorsing.

iets beplan of ontwikkel met ’n Die leerplan is vir die

ontwikkel werkwoord spesifieke doel in gedagte vyfjaarprogram ontwikkel.

Dit was nie duidelik of die

’n algemene plan of voorneme ontploffing ’n ongeluk was en of
wat jy in gedagte het wanneer jy dit volgens ’n plan – opsetlik –
plan naamwoord iets doen uitgevoer is nie.

wat geteken, beplan of

gemodelleer is om aan te toon Dit is duidelik dat die akademiese
byvoeglike hoe dit gebou, gemaak of opstel volgens ’n goed ontwerpte
ontwerp naamwoord geskryf kan word plan geskryf is.

Die oorsake van die probleem is

byvoeglike wat aandag aan besonderhede in ’n uitvoerige verslag
uitvoerig naamwoord gee uiteengesit.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
Die siekte kan genees word as dit
opspoor werkwoord ontdek of bepaal vroeg opgespoor word.

Dit was nie maklik nie, maar

danksy harde werk,
vasberadenheid, passie en
vaste voorneme om ’n doel te deursettingsvermoë het ek dit
vasberadenheid naamwoord bereik reggekry.

Die regter het ’n tussentydse

uitspraak gelewer wat beveel dat
die staat die akademikus nie
oplossing wat bereik word deur moet deporteer nie, hangende
beslissing naamwoord argumente en beredenering die finale beslissing van die saak.
Die finansiële behoeftes van
bepaal werkwoord die feite omtrent iets vasstel studente moet bepaal word.

As sterrekundiges die afstand

’n gedetailleerde beskrywing tussen sterrestelsels kan bepaal,
van iets gee, of iets noukeurig sal mense die omvang van die
bepaal werkwoord bereken heelal begin besef.

Die navorsingspan kon daarop

wys dat die landvorm ’n
byvoeglike wat tot gevolg het dat iets op ’n bepalende invloed op die klimaat
bepalend naamwoord bepaalde manier gebeur van die streek uitoefen.

Die groot klem op

skryfvaardighede is tot nadeel
nadeel naamwoord skade of verlies van praatvaardigheide.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Ons het tydens die groepsessie

’n nuwe idee, metode, stelsel of interessante nuwe idees
genereer werkwoord produk produseer gegenereer.
Die saailing het in ’n blomplant
ontwikkel werkwoord geleidelik groei en groter word ontwikkel.

Die maatskappy het ’n nuwe

’n nuwe idee, metode, stelsel of stelsel ontwikkel om minder
ontwikkel werkwoord produk produseer elektrisiteit te gebruik.

Jy kan jou argument nie verder

ontwikkel nie, omdat jy jou
gedagtes nie sistematies
ontwikkel werkwoord verder uitbrei uiteensit nie.

Die grootste uitdaging vir

studente wat op ’n akademiese
wyse wil dink, is om ander
ontwikkel werkwoord groei en volwasse word standpunte te ontwikkel.

As jy soos ’n volwassene wil dink,

is die grootste uitdaging dat jy
die vermoë moet ontwikkel om
ander se standpunte te
ontwikkel werkwoord meer gevorderd maak of raak respekteer.

In die ontwikkelde wêreld het die

persentasie boere die afgelope
byvoeglike twee eeue van meer as 90
ontwikkel naamwoord wat gegroei en verander het persent tot 4 persent gedaal.

In die ontwikkelende wêreld is

byvoeglike baie mense van
ontwikkelend naamwoord wat groei en verander bestaansboerdery afhanklik.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die Griekse wysgeer Socrates

was bekend vir sy ontwikkeling
ontwikkeling naamwoord proses van groei en verbetering van kritiese denke by studente.

Daar is geen ontwikkeling van ’n

argument in haar opstel nie, slegs
vordering en verandering wat die opeenstapeling van feite
ontwikkeling naamwoord plaasvind sonder ’n logiese vloei.

ontwikkeling naamwoord bouproses of nuwe geboue ’n nuwe stedelike ontwikkeling

iets doen op ’n manier wat van Die vliegtuig moes vanweë ’n

die gewone, aanvaarde manier storm van sy gewone roete
afwyk werkwoord verskil afwyk.

Die afwyking van die gewone

woordvolgorde het tot gevolg dat
beweging weg van wat verwag die leser die sin met groter
afwyking naamwoord of aanvaarbaar is aandag lees.

Afwykende gedragspatrone kom

byvoeglike wat van ’n aanvaarde standaard dikwels by dwelmverslaafdes
afwykend naamwoord of norm verskil voor.

’n instrument of toestel wat vir Internettoegang is beskikbaar op

toestel naamwoord ’n spesifieke doel ontwikkel is verskillende toestelle.

Die strategiese maneuvers wat

iets ingewikkeld of slim uitdink die generaal bedink het, het die
bedink werkwoord of beplan vyand se troepe onkant betrap.

Die ingenieur het ’n slim plan

iets ingewikkeld of slim bedink beraam om die brug van die
beraam werkwoord of beplan vloedwater te red.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die beplanning van labirinte en

die uitdink of ontwerp van iets doolhowe verg aansienlike kennis
beplanning naamwoord ingewikkeld of slim en vaardigheid.

die meeste van jou aandag of Hy het hom aan die opvoeding
toewy werkwoord tyd aan iets of iemand wy van straatkinders toegewy.

Die dekaan het die eerste deel

van sy toespraak aan ’n
baie moeite doen of baie tyd verduideliking van die
wy werkwoord aan iets bestee universiteit se taalbeleid gewy.

’n eenvoudige lyntekening, skets Die diagramme in die

of plan wat verduidelik of ingenieurshandboek het dit
illustreer hoe iets lyk of hoe dit makliker gemaak om die werk te
diagram naamwoord werk verstaan.

Die boek kan gelees word as ’n

intellektuele uitruil van idees, uitgebreide dialektiek tussen
bespreking en beredenering individualisme en
dialektiek naamwoord deur middel van dialoog kommunalisme.

Skrywers van argumentatiewe

tekste gebruik ’n dialektiese styl
byvoeglike wat logiese denke en bespreking wanneer hulle mekaar
dialekties naamwoord gebruik weerspreek.

Dit is ’n oorvereenvoudiging om
in twee onversoenbare groepe die bevolking van ’n land in ’n
verdeel werkwoord verdeel arm en ryk klas te verdeel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dit is oorvereenvoudiging om die

digotomie van byvoorbeeld wit
en swart, reg en verkeerd,
verdeling in twee groepe of konkreet en abstrak, manlik en
klasse wat mekaar onderling vroulik op alle situasies of mense
digotomie naamwoord uitsluit toe te pas.

As jy in terme van X teenoor Y

byvoeglike redeneer, is jou redenasie
digotomies naamwoord gekenmerk deur digotomie digtomies.

Haar keuse van

navorsingsterreine is deur
bepaal werkwoord beheer hoe iets gebeur beskikbaarheid bepaal.

vir iemand vertel hoe om op te Die onderwysdepartement skryf

voorskryf werkwoord tree en wat om te doen baie dinge aan skole voor.

Ons dosent gebruik interessante

byvoeglike wat ten doel het om te onderrig didaktiese tegnieke om ons
didakties naamwoord en kennis en wysheid oor te dra aandag te behou.

Alle onderwysers moes tydens

hul opleiding beide algemene
iets wat leer of op onderrig didaktiek en vakdidaktiek as vak
didaktiek naamwoord gemik is neem.

Die derde datastel het aansienlik

verskil werkwoord anders as iets of iemand wees van die tweede verskil.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hulle het so sterk verskil in hul

siening van die probleem dat
hulle ’n fasiliteerder moes inroep
om anders te wees of ’n ander om hulle te help om die
verskil werkwoord mening te hê probleem op te los.

Die verskil tussen relevante en

irrelevante artikels lê in die mate
’n manier waarop een mens of waarin die artikel by die tema
verskil naamwoord ding anders is as ’n ander van jou opdrag inpas.

Die twee partye los hul probleme

op verskillende maniere op,
byvoeglike nie soos iemand of iets anders omdat hulle probleme op
verskillend naamwoord nie verskillende maniere benader.

In sommige lande onderskei

belastingwetgewing tussen
die een anders as die ander getroude en ongetroude
onderskei werkwoord hanteer of behandel individue.

’n Goeie leser onderskei tussen

herken of wys wat een ding relevante en irrelevante inligting
onderskei werkwoord anders as ’n ander maak in ’n teks.

As jy na bronne vir jou

werkopdrag soek, moet jy tussen
sien hoe dinge van mekaar relevante en irrelevante artikels
onderskei werkwoord verskil kan onderskei.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Gedifferensieerde onderrig
byvoeglike akkommodeer verskille tussen
gedifferensieer naamwoord waar ’n verskil gemaak is leerders op verskillende maniere.

Onderskeid tussen relevante en

proses waarby daar tussen dinge irrelevante teksinligting is ’n
onderskeid naamwoord onderskei word noodsaaklike leesvaardigheid.

Die vertaling, wat omslagtig is,

byvoeglike vaag, indirek of moeilik om te gee nie die gees van die
omslagtig naamwoord verstaan of te verduidelik oorspronklike weer nie.

oor ’n groot gebied versprei of Die feite oor vigs is oor landelike
versprei werkwoord aan baie mense beskikbaar stel Afrika versprei.

Dit is moeilik vir

gesondheidswerkers om die
byvoeglike wat oor ’n groot gebied versprei verspreide bevolking op die
versprei naamwoord is platteland te bereik.

oor baie of moeilike inligting Hy het terugvoer moeilik gevind

verwerk werkwoord nadink sodat jy dit kan verstaan om te verwerk.

Die dimensie van gehalte is nie in

’n deel van ’n situasie wat jou die evalueringsinstrument
dimensie naamwoord mening daaroor beïnvloed ingesluit nie.

Ek gaan my spesiale bril

byvoeglike saambring, want die film is
dimensioneel naamwoord wat met dimensies verband hou driedimensioneel.
die lengte, breedte en hoogte Wat is die afmetings van ’n
afmetings naamwoord van iets koninggrootte-bed?
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Mens se vermoë om die lewe

te geniet, word aansienlik
minder of swakker maak of verminder deur swak
verminder werkwoord word gesondheid.

bewus wees van iets of dit Kant het ’n algemene patroon in

verstaan nadat jy daarna gekyk die mens se geskiedenis
onderskei werkwoord of goed daaroor nagedink het onderskei.

’n standpunt wat deur ’n

spesifieke sosiale groep gedeel
word, dikwels uitgedruk deur Sy het bygedra tot die diskoers
diskoers naamwoord daaroor te skryf oor liberalisme in Afrika.

In ’n wetenskaplike diskoers is dit

die taal wat in ’n bepaalde noodsaaklik om harde feite en
diskoers naamwoord konteks gebruik word bewyse te lewer.

Voorbeelde van diskoersmerkers

is woorde soos GEVOLGLIK,
woorde in ’n teks, lesing, DAAROM, INTEENDEEL, SULKE,
toespraak of referaat wat lesers BOSTAANDE, HIERDIE,
en luisteraars die diskoers met VERVOLGENS, EERSTENS,
diskoersmerkers naamwoord gemak help volg LAASTENS, INLEIDEND, ens.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n manier van lees vir begrip

waarin die leser met behulp van
tematiese sleutelwoorde,
skakelwoorde en
argumentmerkers die verloop Wanneer ’n mens diskoerslees
van die tema deur die teks volg gebruik, is dit gou duidelik of die
en die samehang of verband skrywer die nodige
tussen die tematiese eenhede diskoersmerkers gebruik het om
diskoerslees naamwoord beter verstaan die leser deur die teks te lei.

Die studente doen diskoerslees

om die tema van die teks vas te
stel en te bepaal uit hoeveel breë
diskoerslees werkwoord die oorhoofse lees van ’n teks tematiese eenhede dit bestaan.

Aangesien ek nie gesien wou

byvoeglike versigtig om ander mense nie wees nie, het ek ’n diskrete ent
diskreet naamwoord iets te laat sien of agterkom nie agter haar geloop.

Die navorsingsbevindinge is
breedvoerig in sy doktorale
behandel werkwoord in detail oor iets praat of skryf proefskrif behandel.

’n probleem of saak vanuit meer Die opstel bespreek die voor en

bespreek werkwoord as een oogpunt oorweeg teen van genadedood.

byvoeglike waaroor gepraat is of wat uit Die bespreekte feite het my nie
bespreek naamwoord meer as een oogpunt oorweeg is oortuig nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Ek het geluister na haar

die proses om oor iets te praat bespreking oor persvryheid met
en dit uit verskillende hoeke te verwysing na die individu se
bespreking naamwoord oorweeg regte.

Wanneer ’n mens ingewikkelde

probleme moet oplos, is dit
belangrik om jou daarvan te kan
jouself op ’n afstand van iets losmaak sodat jy dit ook objektief
plaas of iets uit ’n situasie uit ander perspektiewe kan
losmaak werkwoord verwyder benader.

Vir suksesvolle losmaking moet jy

in staat wees om na ’n saak
vanuit ander se oogpunt te kyk
en dit regtig probeer verstaan,
proses van vooroordele opsy te veral as jou standpunt van hulle
losmaking naamwoord skuif s’n verskil

Die veiligheidswagte het die

skei en in verskillende rigtings woedende skare buite die gebou
uiteengaan werkwoord laat gaan uiteen laat gaan.
Die sade van die perdeblom word
versprei werkwoord oor ’n groot gebied versprei deur die wind versprei.

In haar outobiografie skryf sy dat

verplig om van een plek na ’n sy tydens haar skoolloopbaan
ontwortel werkwoord ander te skuif dikwels ontwortel is.

iets op ’n plek plaas waarheen Leerders het hul projekte by die

vertoon werkwoord mense kan kom om dit te sien wetenskap-ekspo vertoon.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Navorsing het bevind dat mense

ander mense met
persoonlikhede soortgelyk aan
goedgesind werkwoord ’n goeie gesindheid hê teenoor hul eie meer goedgesind is.

beheer oor iets aan iemand Die trust mag nie sy bates
anders oordra, byvoorbeeld verhandel nie, tensy al die
verhandel werkwoord deur dit te verkoop trustees dit steun.

Huishoudelike afval word deur

verwyder werkwoord wegneem munisipale dienste verwyder.

As jy toegewyd volgens jou eie

iemand wat iets reël of laat studierooster studeer, is jy die
beskikker naamwoord gebeur beskikker van jou eie toekoms.

Sy ingesteldheid is om altyd die

die natuurlike eienskappe van ’n goeie in ander mense raak te
ingesteldheid naamwoord persoon se karakter sien.

Die student wat ten spyte van

die natuurlike eienskappe van ’n probleme blymoedig van gees
gees naamwoord persoon se karakter bly, sal uiteindelik sukses behaal.
oor iets argumenteer of dit
betwis werkwoord bevraagteken Hierdie sake word betwis.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wanneer jy die bank bel om ’n

deposito te bevestig, is dit
belangrik om na te gaan of dit ’n
tjek of kontant was, en om
skriftelike bevestiging te vra,
die waarheid van iets aangesien mondelinge
betwis werkwoord bevraagteken versekerings betwis kan word.

’n argument of meningsverskil Die twee lande is in ’n geskil

geskil naamwoord tussen lande, mense of groepe gewikkel.

As die twee partye nie binnekort

’n argument of meningsverskil hul dispuut kan oplos nie, sal die
dispuut naamwoord tussen lande, mense of groepe saak uiteindelik in die hof beland.

Dit is belangrik dat navorsers hul

navorsingsresultate na die breë
versprei werkwoord wyd versprei navorsingsgemeenskap versprei.

Die verspreiding van

die handeling van iets wyd navorsingsresultate is tot
bekend te maak of wyd te voordeel van die akademiese
verspreiding naamwoord versprei gemeenskap.

’n Voorbeeld van ’n verhandeling

’n lang teks wat oor ’n bepaalde is ’n dokument wat ’n nagraadse
onderwerp geskryf word om ’n student skryf om ’n
gevorderde graad aan ’n magisterprogram of -graad te
verhandeling naamwoord universiteit te behaal voltooi.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

iets verdryf of dit minder sterk Sy vrees het verdwyn toe hy sy

laat word totdat dit heeltemal teenstander van aangesig tot
verdwyn werkwoord verdwyn aangesig ontmoet.
’n organisasie of instelling
ontbind werkwoord amptelik beëindig Die huwelik is in 2019 ontbind.

Die professor het duidelike idees

byvoeglike oor hoe ’n navorsingsprojek
duidelik naamwoord duidelik en definitief uitgevoer moet word.

Die unieke kenmerke van die

byvoeglike dinosourus word in hierdie
uniek naamwoord duidelik anders of apart hoofstuk beskryf.

’n Onderskeid word getref tussen

onderskeid naamwoord ’n duidelike verskil geskrewe en gesproke taal.

My broer het deur volgehoue

uitnemendheid wat iemand van toewyding en dissipline al sy
onderskeiding naamwoord ander onderskei vakke met onderskeiding geslaag.

wat ’n kwaliteit of eienskap het

byvoeglike wat dit anders en maklik Die suurlemoensap gee die gereg
kenmerkend naamwoord herkenbaar maak ’n kenmerkende geur.

Die onderskeidende kenmerk van

byvoeglike ysteroksied is die rooi kleur
onderskeidend naamwoord duidelik anders as ander dinge daarvan.

Hulle verskil nie veel van hul

eweknieë in wat hulle doen nie.
Hierdie gebrek aan
eiesoortigheid vernietig hul kans
om as beginners hul stempel
eiesoortigheid naamwoord die kwaliteit van anders wees effektief af te druk.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

iets so oordra of verduidelik dat Hy is daarvan beskuldig dat hy

die werklike betekenis daarvan die feite in sy getuienis verdraai
verdraai werkwoord verander en dit onwaar word het.

Haar gesig was vertrek van

woede toe sy uit die kamer
vertrek werkwoord die vorm van iets verander hardloop.

verwring werkwoord die klank van iets verander Die klank was verwring.

dinge soos kos, medisyne of Vrywilligers het kos onder die

boeke aan verskillende mense slagoffers van die hongersnood
versprei werkwoord uitdeel versprei.

oor ’n bepaalde gebied verdeel Die sade moet eweredig oor die
versprei werkwoord of uitstrooi blombedding versprei word.

byvoeglike wat aan verskillende mense Die verspreide kospakkies het

versprei naamwoord gegee of gestuur is van privaatskenkers gekom.

Die kos en klere word ingesamel

die proses van iets uit te deel of vir verspreiding onder
verspreiding naamwoord te versprei behoeftiges.

Sekere opdragte vereis dat die

student divergeer en
van ’n gegewe rigting afwyk of alternatiewe moontlikhede as
divergeer werkwoord wegdraai antwoord beskou.

wanneer iets wat dieselfde of Ons het vroeër saamgewerk,

soortgelyk aan iets anders is, maar op ’n sekere tydstip het ons
anders word of anders belangstellings uitmekaar begin
uitmekaarloop werkwoord ontwikkel loop en ons paaie het geskei.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

van ’n gemeenskaplike punt in

verskillende rigtings Haar studie gaan in drie
uiteenloop werkwoord uitmekaarloop verwante vertakkings uiteenloop.

Die pad volg die loop van die

van ’n gegewe rigting afwyk of rivier vir ’n ent, maar draai dan
wegdraai werkwoord wegdraai weg na die dorp toe.

Die resultate toon dat

konvergensie (konsensus) eerder
die vermoë om alternatiewe as divergensie in die
divergensie naamwoord moontlikhede te akkommodeer korporatiewe sfeer oorheers.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, gekenmerk deur ontwikkeling in Sekere klasopdragte vereis dat
divergent bywoord verskillende rigtings die student divergent moet dink.

byvoeglike wat ’n groot verskeidenheid Die menings van die lede van die
uiteenlopend naamwoord vertoon komitee is uiteenlopend.

Ingenieurs het verskillende

byvoeglike oplossings bedink om die brug
verskillend naamwoord baie verskillend van mekaar oor die Vaalrivier te herstel.

byvoeglike Die gebied is deur baie

uiteenlopend naamwoord baie verskillend van mekaar uiteenlopende stamme beset.

Die verskeidenheid van

situasie waar daar verskillende denkrigtings binne dieselfde
verskeidenheid naamwoord vorme van dieselfde ding is fakulteit is verstommend.
versameling mense of dinge wat ’n Verskeidenheid tale word aan
verskeidenheid naamwoord baie van mekaar verskil die universiteit onderrig.

proses waar dinge in Volgens Marx het die verdeling

verskillende groepe of dele tussen ryk en arm alle ander
verdeling naamwoord verdeel word. kwessies bepaal.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

streng gedefinieerde
godsdienstige aanname met In die Rooms-Katolieke Kerk
vaste fundamentele oortuigings, demonstreer die dogma van
soos gevolg deur die aanhangers Maria se onbevlekte ontvangenis
van ’n bepaalde godsdiens of die oorweldigende genade van
dogma naamwoord denominasie God.

Dennett wys daarop dat dit meer

as ’n eeu geneem het voordat
Copernicus se leerstelling uit
1543 aanvaar is dat die aarde nie
opvatting, teorie of beskouing die middelpunt van die heelal is
leerstelling naamwoord wat as waarheid aanvaar word nie.

My doel in hierdie hoofstuk sal

’n stel opvattings of beginsels, nie wees om die leser tot enige
veral dié wat die kern van ’n politieke leerstelling te oorreed
leerstelling naamwoord filosofie, godsdiens, ens. vorm. nie.

gedrukte teks en grafika met ’n

spesifieke doel, bv. om inligting Hierdie dokumente sal dien as
dokument naamwoord te verskaf bewysstukke in die hofsaak.

Die verskynsel is deur verskeie

dokumenteer werkwoord om ’n rekord van iets te skep navorsers gedokumenteer.

Jean Jacques Rousseau se dogma

van gelykheid, vryheid en
opvatting, teorie of beskouing broederskap het vandag nog ’n
dogma naamwoord wat as waarheid aanvaar word baie sterk invloed.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike Tradisionele Christene volg die

naamwoord, volkome seker dat jou geloof of leerstelling van Christus se
dogmaties bywoord oortuigings reg is maagdelike geboorte dogmaties.

Jean Jacques Rousseau se

beginsel van gelykheid, vryheid
byvoeglike en broederskap word in sommige
naamwoord, lande vandag nog dogmaties
dogmaties bywoord volgens die dogma nagevolg.

byvoeglike Die dogmatiese navolging van

naamwoord, enige ideologie is gevaarlik en
dogmaties bywoord volgens dogma beperkend.

My broer se dogmatiese
uitsprake oor kleredrag,
byvoeglike eetgewoontes en musiek skrik
naamwoord, aanhang van beginsels (dogma) mense af omdat hy nie ander
dogmaties bywoord asof dit ’n absolute waarheid is opinies as sy eie duld nie.

Sy aanstootlike dogmatiserings
irriteer almal, want hy glo vas in
die waarheid van sy eie
die verkondiging van iets as onbewese uitsprake en slaan nie
absolute waarheid sonder die ag op enigiemand anders se
dogmatisering naamwoord nodige bewyse opinies nie.

Jean Jacques Rousseau het eeue

gelede gedogmatiseer dat die
beginsel van gelykheid, vryheid
iets as waarheid aanvaar sonder en broederskap die enigste
dogmatiseer werkwoord bewyse geldige waarheid is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hoe minder ons oor godsdiens

dogmatiseer, hoe minder sal ons
leerstellings definieer of deur tweederangse kommentaar
dogmatiseer werkwoord verkondig beïnvloed word.

Op grond van sy navorsing is die

domein van epidemiese siektes
gebied van kennis of ’n van plante vir ondersoek
domein naamwoord aktiwiteit oopgestel.

Kwessies oor vigs oorheers

die belangrikste persoon of ding debatte oor primêre
oorheers werkwoord in ’n situasie wees gesondheidsorg in Suid-Afrika.

Dit was vir Frankryk belangrik om

’n sterk invloed hê op, of die valleie van die Alpe en die
oorheers werkwoord iemand of iets beheer Ryn te oorheers.

woordpaar waarvan die vorm en Doeblette is woordpare met byna

betekenis byna dieselfde is, bv. dieselfde vorm en betekenis,
BROS en BROOS, AMBAG en soos bros en broos, ambag en
doeblet naamwoord AMP, KRITIES en KRITIEK amp.
Daar is twyfel oor die egtheid van
twyfel naamwoord ’n mate van wanvertroue. die skildery.

Daar is voldoende bewyse om

betwyfel werkwoord skepties oor iets wees haar bewerings te betwyfel.

enige weergawe van ’n

dokument voor die finale Ek het die eerste konsep van my
konsep naamwoord weergawe werkopdrag voltooi.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die regering het die voorstel as

eerste (voorlopige) plan of konsep vir ’n eerste
konsep naamwoord ontwerp besprekingsronde ter tafel gelê.

’n eerste of voorlopige Sy het ’n voorlopige weergawe

opstel werkwoord weergawe saamstel van die verslag opgestel.

Antropologiese dualisme leer

byvoorbeeld dat die mens uit siel
en liggaam bestaan, terwyl fisiese
standpunt oor of toestand van dualisme leer dat die werklikheid
dualisme naamwoord tweeledigheid uit gees en materie bestaan.

Die Chinese en veral die Taoïste

meen dat die psige van die mens
beide dualisties en holisties is,
omdat die opponerende magte
Yin (vroulik, donker, passief) en
byvoeglike wat die eienskap van Yang (manlik, lig en aktief)
dualisties naamwoord tweeledigheid besit mekaar aanvul.

toestand, eienskap of feit dat Die mens word algemeen gesien

iets uit twee lede of as ’n tweeledigheid van verstand
tweeledigheid naamwoord bestanddele bestaan en liggaam.

Vir die duur van die lesing mag

die tydperk waartydens iets studente nie die lesingsaal
duur naamwoord voortduur verlaat nie.

Hy was ’n dinamiese dokter wat

byvoeglike vol energie, nuwe en nuwe lewe in die kliniek geblaas
dinamies naamwoord opwindende idees, en ambisieus het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Onderwyshervorming moet ’n
dinamiese proses wees om met
byvoeglike aktief, energiek en voortdurend die veranderende behoeftes van
dinamies naamwoord aan die beweeg of verander studente tred te hou.
iets wat verandering of aksie Kapitalisme is ’n stukrag van
stukrag naamwoord veroorsaak ekonomiese verandering.

die maniere waarop dinge of Sy boek was die eerste

mense optree, reageer en suksesvolle poging om die
dinamika naamwoord mekaar beïnvloed dinamika van die stelsel te belig.

Mense wat sigaretstompies in die

veld agterlaat, is ekologies
byvoeglike wat met ekologie of lewende ongevoelig en ’n gevaar vir die
ekologies naamwoord organismes verband hou welstand van die aarde.

die tak van biologie wat handel Die moderne mens benadeel
oor die verhoudings van ekologie deur sy onnadenkende
organismes met mekaar en hul misbruik van natuurlike
ekologie naamwoord fisiese omgewing hulpbronne.

Die ekonomiese klimaat van ’n

byvoeglike met betrekking tot die land blyk onder meer uit
ekonomies naamwoord ekonomie of staatshuishouding voedselpryse en rentekoerse.

Die relatiewe waarde van valuta

wat verband hou met handel, is direk gekoppel aan die
byvoeglike nywerheid en die ontwikkeling ekonomiese stabiliteit van ’n
ekonomies naamwoord van welvaart land.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die myngroep moet ondersoek

byvoeglike wat voldoende wins bied om te instel na meer ekonomiese
ekonomies naamwoord kan voortgaan maniere om erts te ontgin.

Die ekonomie het swaargekry

die stelsel van produksie, weens ’n siklus van droogtes en
ekonomie naamwoord verspreiding en verbruik oorstromings.

Die dieselenjin werk net soos

die gebruik van die minimum petrolenjins, maar met groter
ekonomie naamwoord hulpbronne brandstofekonomie.

die toestand van ’n land of

streek in terme van die Mens sien die sukkelende
produksie en verbruik van ekonomie van ’n land onder
goedere en dienste en die andere aan stygende kospryse en
ekonomie naamwoord voorsiening van geld rentekoerse.

die inhoud van ’n artikel, boek Sy het die studentetydskrif

of film korrigeer en aanpas om geredigeer voordat dit na die
redigeer werkwoord dit vir publikasie voor te berei drukker gestuur is.

wat gekorrigeer en aangepas is ’n Goeie uitgewer sorg dat alle

byvoeglike ten einde dit gereed te maak vir tekste wat gepubliseer word,
geredigeer naamwoord publikasie deeglik geredigeer word.

verwydering van irrelevante

inhoud, spelfoute, lomp en Die redigering van ’n proefskrif
misleidende formulering en behoort aan ’n professionele
redigering naamwoord swak sinsbou teksredakteur oorgelaat te word.

Die negatiewe uitwerking van

dwelms op adolessente kan nie
uitwerking naamwoord gevolg of invloed ontken word nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die artikel handel oor die gevolge

van aardverwarming op Afrika
gevolg naamwoord resultaat of invloed suid van die Sahara.

Die kombinasie van verskillende

wat oor die eienskappe of onderrigmetodes in die
byvoeglike hulpbronne beskik wat nodig is klaskamer is meer doeltreffend
doeltreffend naamwoord om ’n taak te verrig as om slegs een te gebruik.

Die navorsers het die

die vermoë van iets om die doeltreffendheid van
doeltreffendheid naamwoord gewenste resultate te lewer sportafrigting geassesseer.

In ’n opvolgverslag het die

onderneming uitgewei oor die
in besonderhede beskryf en baie implementering van sy strategie
uitwei werkwoord inligting verskaf om produktiwiteit te verhoog.

baie gedetailleerd en
ingewikkeld, dikwels met baie Die wetenskaplikes het jare lank
byvoeglike verskillende dele en noukeurig ’n uitgebreide plan ontwikkel om
uitgebrei naamwoord ontwikkel malaria te bekamp.

Die bou van ’n nuwe

studentesentrum is die
sleutelelement in die plan van
een van die individuele dele wat die rektor om die kampus op te
element naamwoord ’n groter geheel uitmaak gradeer.

een van die basiese of tipiese Die eerste lesing handel oor die
element naamwoord onderdele van iets elemente van goeie ontwerp.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n klein hoeveelheid van iets,

soos risiko, waarheid of Elke belegging bevat ’n element
element naamwoord verrassing van risiko.

Sy teorie is onwetenskaplik
omdat dit subjektiewe
ideologiese elemente bevat wat
een van die individuele dele wat die objektiewe karakter van die
element naamwoord ’n groter geheel uitmaak wetenskap ondermyn.

Sommige mense dink dat kennis

van die kenmerke van navorsing
byvoeglike wat met die basiese beginsels elementêr is, maar baie ander
elementêr naamwoord van ’n onderwerp verband hou vind dit baie kompleks.

Haar begeerte was om Russies

iemand of iets ’n belangriker tot een van die literêre tale van
verhef werkwoord plek gee Europa te verhef
die hoeveelheid, intensiteit of Rook en vetsug kan slegte
verhoog werkwoord druk van iets verhoog cholesterolvlakke verhoog.

Die gebruik van geslote vrae het

iets doen, sê of vra om van spesifieke inligting ontlok
iemand ’n reaksie of inligting te rakende die demografiese
ontlok werkwoord bekom eienskappe van die respondente.

Skrywers moet altyd speltoetsers

gebruik om onnodige foute uit te
uitskakel werkwoord eindig of wegdoen skakel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wanneer ’n student ’n redelike

lang sin uit ’n bron aanhaal, kan
sy die ellips gebruik en minder
weglating van woorde, aangedui belangrike woorde weglaat om
ellips naamwoord deur drie stippels op die sleutelwoorde te fokus.

’n Sin is ellipties as die skrywer

byvoeglike woorde uit die sin weglaat en die
ellipties naamwoord wat van ellips gebruik maak weglating met 3 stippels.

sigbaar uitdrukkingsvol, wat Haar skilderye is ’n veelseggende

byvoeglike emosie of betekenis vertoon herinnering aan die mag en prag
veelseggend naamwoord sonder om woorde te gebruik van die natuur.

in staat om jou menings of idees

goed in spraak of skrif uit te
byvoeglike druk, veral op ’n manier wat Sy toesprake was altyd
welsprekend naamwoord ander mense raak welsprekend en kragtig.

’n uitdrukking of simbool van ’n Nelson Mandela het die gees van

beliggaam werkwoord idee, beginsel of kwaliteit wees versoening beliggaam.

Mense oor die wêreld heen het

iets soos ’n groep mense, idees teen hul kommunistiese regimes
of dinge by ’n onderwerp, gedraai en demokrasie
aangryp werkwoord bespreking of kategorie insluit aangegryp.

iets soos ’n idee, oortuiging of Nadat sy die Judaïsme aangegryp

nuwe mening aanvaar en dit het, het sy haar naam na
aangryp werkwoord gretig ondersteun Hadassah verander.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dit het uit die hofsaak geblyk dat

te voorskyn kom of duidelik die verdagte se vingerafdrukke
blyk werkwoord word op die moordwapen was.

Microsoft het as die

toonaangewende
rekenaarprogrammatuuronderne
verrys werkwoord tot stand kom of bekend word ming verrys

Hy kan Suid-Afrika verlaat en na

to leave your country to settle in die VSA emigreer om daar te
emigreer werkwoord another country werk.

Die fundamentele kenmerk van

die boek is die klem wat op die
klem naamwoord spesiale belang of betekenis menslike rede gelê word.

Die artikel plaas groot klem op

feminisme en die rol van vroue in
klem naamwoord spesiale belang of betekenis die agtiende-eeuse politiek.

Die dosent onderstreep elke

onderwerpsin in die teks om die
beklemtoon werkwoord beklemtoon of uitlig kernvraagstukke te beklemtoon.

Die dieetkundige het die waarde

van oefening in gewigsverlies
benadruk werkwoord beklemtoon of uitlig benadruk.

Skryf die beklemtoonde woorde

byvoeglike wat met klem of nadruk gesê kursief, eerder as om hulle te
beklemtoon naamwoord word onderstreep.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Einstein se teorie dat

swaartekrag lig kan buig, is
empiries bewys toe
sterrekundiges hierdie verskynsel
afgelei van eksperimentering en tydens ’n sonsverduistering met
byvoeglike waarneming in die regte wêreld, gesofistikeerde instrumente kon
empiries naamwoord eerder as teorie waarneem.

Die empiriese deel van haar

navorsing het onderhoude met
afgelei van eksperimentering en die ouers van die pasiënte en
byvoeglike waarneming in die regte wêreld, waarneming van die
empiries naamwoord eerder as teorie terapiesessies ingesluit.

Empirie is die oortuiging dat

ervaring die basis van alle kennis
empirie naamwoord ervaring as basis vir kennis is.

Empirisme laat die feite vanself

die oortuiging dat kennis spreek en poog om die
gebaseer is op die bewyse van interpretasie van die navorser
empirisme naamwoord ervaring of eksperimente sover moontlik weg te laat.

Omdat hy in empirisme glo, was

denkskool wat kennis uitsluitend hy op soek na antwoorde uit sy
empirisme naamwoord of in hoofsaak van ervaring aflei navorsing.

Biblioteke bemagtig leerders

iemand in staat stel om groter deur hulle die vryheid te gee om
beheer oor sy of haar lewe of hul eie keuses oor lees- en
bemagtig werkwoord situasie te verkry leerervarings te maak.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Bemagtigde studente kritiseer

byvoeglike met die bevoegdheid, gesag of eers hulleself voordat hulle die
bemagtig naamwoord mag om iets te doen fout êrens anders soek.

Die ware opvoeder glo in

bevoegdheid, gesag of mag wat bemagtiging en leer haar
bemagtiging naamwoord aan iemand gegee is studente hoe om krities te dink.

Gratis internettoegang sal meer

die middele bied om ’n taak uit mense in staat stel om tuis te
in staat stel woordgroep te voer werk.

’n Kind wat omring is deur ouers

en familielede wat omgee,
behoort ’n gebalanseerde
omring werkwoord ’n sirkel om iets of iemand vorm volwassene te word.

Riviermondings omvat breë

ekosisteme wat gewoonlik baie
kilometers verder strek as die
’n reeks of ’n groot aantal dinge oop water van ’n baai of
omvat werkwoord insluit strandmeer.

Daar was ’n gewelddadige

botsing tussen die betogers en
botsing naamwoord ’n onverwagse sameloop die regeringsamptenare.

Hulle het tydens die loodsfase

van die projek baie probleme
ondervind werkwoord onverwags vind of teëkom ondervind.

byvoeglike Tekenprente het ’n universele en

blywend naamwoord wat oor ’n tydperk voortduur blywende aantrekkingskrag.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

die moeite en aandag wat Hy het al sy energie ingespan om

iemand gebruik om iets te doen ’n goue medalje in die marathon
energie naamwoord of iets te bereik te verower.

dwing om op ’n sekere manier Mediese reg is ’n instrument om

afdwing werkwoord op te tree mediese etiek af te dwing.

Die voorgestelde navorsing

behoort ons begrip van
verbeter werkwoord beter of aantrekliker maak Alzheimer se siekte te verbeter.

iets aan iemand verduidelik

sodat hy of sy dit beter verstaan Ek weet nie veel van die
inlig werkwoord of begryp toetsproses nie: Kan jy my inlig?

Verligte denkers soos die

briljante fisikus Isaac Newton en
die wiskundige Rene Descartes
byvoeglike met ’n rasionele, moderne, goed word ook as verligte
verlig naamwoord ingeligte uitkyk wetenskaplikes beskou.

intellektuele Europese stroming

van die laat 18de eeu in reaksie
op die oormatige invloed van
tradisie en godsdiens op
menslike denke en vryheid – ’n
voortsetting van die bevryding Tydens die Verligting het mense
wat met die Renaissance begin hulleself van die mag van die
Verligting naamwoord het Kerk en die Staat begin bevry.

die gehalte van iets te verbeter,

gewoonlik deur iets daaraan toe Lees kan jou begrip van en
verryk werkwoord te voeg waardering vir ’n taal verryk.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Drie databronne is gebruik om

die geldigheid van die navorsing
verseker werkwoord om seker te maak te verseker.
’n ding wat beskou word as iets Die staat en die regstelsel is
entiteit naamwoord wat op sy eie bestaan afsonderlike entiteite.

Die vraag vereis dat studente die

oorsake van swartvleksiekte by
opnoem werkwoord ’n lys dinge een vir een noem sitrusvrugte moet opnoem.

Die slothoofstuk van haar

byvoeglike wat alles lys wat in ’n geheel proefskrif is opsommend van
opsommend naamwoord vervat is aard.

omliggende toestande,
omstandighede, situasies, Die besigheidsgevallestudie het
mense of gebeure wat iets ’n deeglike ontleding van die
omgewing naamwoord beïnvloed sakeomgewing vereis.

omliggende toestande,
omstandighede, situasies, Die sosiale omgewing speel ’n
mense of gebeure wat die lewe belangrike rol in die ontwikkeling
omgewing naamwoord van iemand of iets beïnvloed van ’n kind.

’n gebeurtenis, voorval of kort

tydperk waartydens iets
spesifieks, belangriks of In die laaste episode van die
episode naamwoord ongewoons gebeur sepie sterf die hoofkarakter.

’n tydperk in die geskiedenis – ’n

aantal jare wat as ’n eenheid Die 21ste eeu is ’n tydperk van
tydperk naamwoord beskou kan word groeiende onsekerheid.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

twee of meer dinge as dieselfde,

soortgelyk of nou verbonde In sy referaat stel hy
gelykstel werkwoord beskou of beskryf diskriminasie gelyk aan geweld.

Die ontginning van die

Antarktiese kontinent kan
verwoestende gevolge hê,
aangesien die stabiliteit van die
’n beheerde balans tussen kontinent noodsaaklik is vir die
opponerende kragte, invloede klimaat en ekologiese ewewig
ewewig naamwoord of aspekte van ’n situasie van die Suidelike Halfrond.

Die program het hom toegerus

aan iemand die nodige items met die kennis en vaardighede
gee om ’n sekere funksie te om kort nadat hy gegradueer
toerus werkwoord verrig het, werk te kry.

aan iemand die nodige items of Suksesvolle studente sorg dat

vaardighede gee om ’n sekere hulle hulself met die nodige
toerus werkwoord funksie te verrig studievaardighede toerus.

Strategiese lees- en denktegnieke

kan in metaforiese sin as die
die nodige items of vaardighede nadenkende student se studie-
toerusting naamwoord om ’n sekere funksie te verrig toerusting gesien word.

wat die items of vaardighede Lande soos Amerika, Brittanje en

byvoeglike het om ’n sekere funksie te China is met die modernste
toegerus naamwoord verrig wapens toegerus.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hoewel hulle verskillende

verantwoordelikhede vir die
met dieselfde waarde, funksie of projek gehad het, het hulle
byvoeglike betekenis as iets of iemand gelyke beloning en erkenning
gelyk naamwoord anders ontvang.

tydperk, gewoonlik in die Ons leef in ’n era van

era naamwoord geskiedenis globalisering en superdiversiteit.
Al die ongelukke het sy
aftakel werkwoord afbreek of vernietig selfvertroue afgetakel.

Hy het gefouteer deur oor sy

kollegas te skinder by mense wat
fouteer werkwoord ’n fout maak hulle ken en is uitgevang.

byvoeglike wat nie ’n vaste patroon volg nie Haar gedrag was wisselvallig en
naamwoord, en deur baie veranderinge die wag het agterdogtig geraak,
wisselvallig bywoord gekenmerk word en hy het haar gevolg.

Dit was duidelik dat die vliegtuig

weens ’n fout deur die vlieënier
fout naamwoord iets wat verkeerd gedoen is neergestort het.

’n kort teks oor ’n spesifieke Die letterkundige skryf ’n essay

essay naamwoord onderwerp en die student ’n werkstuk

Die ware navorser sal tot die kern

intrinsieke aard, meestal iets van die probleem probeer
kern naamwoord abstraks deurdring.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die opvallendste kenmerk van

wysheid is die vermoë om te
inherente aard van ’n persoon onderskei tussen die voorkoms
wese naamwoord of ding en die wese van dinge.

Die navorsing was noodsaaklik

om te verseker dat die
byvoeglike provinsiale administrasie sy
noodsaaklik naamwoord uiters belangrik of nodig doeltreffendheid verbeter.

iets skep of begin wat na Dit is tyd dat die departement

verwagting lank sal voortduur van onderwys kulturele studies
instel werkwoord en bestaan by instellings vir leer instel.
Hy probeer tans vasstel wat
vasstel werkwoord die feite oor iets uitvind gebeur het.

iets skep of begin, soos ’n

organisasie, fonds of aktiwiteit,
wat na verwagting lank sal Sy het ’n organisasie gestig om
stig werkwoord voortduur of bestaan haweloses te voed en te klee.

Die hoof van die fakulteit het ’n

ingesteldheid van
iets blywend of permanent verantwoordbaarheid by sy
vestig werkwoord maak personeel gevestig.

Die studente van die nuwe

die skep van iets wat na koshuis is woedend oor die
verwagting lank sal bestaan of instelling van sekere nuwe
instelling naamwoord voortduur regulasies.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die oprigting van ’n unieke

Instituut vir Rampstudies is ’n
die skep van iets wat na stap vorentoe in die bestuur van
oprigting naamwoord verwagting lank sal bestaan rampe wêreldwyd.

al die eiendom en geld wat

iemand besit wanneer hy of sy
boedel naamwoord sterf Haar boedel is R3 miljoen werd.

Navorsers skat dat twee derdes

van die 6 700 tale wat wêreldwyd
die benaderde waarde, getal of gepraat word, teen 2100 sal
skat werkwoord hoeveelheid van iets beoordeel verdwyn het.

om die benaderde waarde of

syfers of hoeveelheid van iets te Die assessor raam die skade aan
raam werkwoord skat my motor op R15 000.

Volgens die nuutste raming gaan

Suid-Afrika vanjaar en in die
volgende jare ’n negatiewe
raming naamwoord rowwe berekening groeikoers toon.

die benaderde waarde, aantal of Ek skat die skade aan my motor

skat werkwoord hoeveelheid van iets beoordeel sal ongeveer R15 000 beloop.

rofweg bereken sonder

byvoeglike voldoende feite of relevante Die beraamde 150 000 daklose
beraamde naamwoord inligting inwoners werk en huise beloof.

rofweg bereken sonder Doeane-amptenare het sigarette

byvoeglike voldoende feite of relevante gevind met ’n geraamde
geraamde naamwoord inligting straatwaarde van R4,7 miljoen
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Aan die einde van die dag was dit

duidelik dat die aanvanklike
skatting van 1 800 huise wat
skatting naamwoord ’n rowwe berekening beskadig is, te laag was.

Haar werksetiek is so sterk dat sy

morele oortuiging wat beïnvloed deur die nag sal werk eerder as
etiek naamwoord hoe jy optree om ’n sperdatum te mis.

Dit is eties om na te dink oor jou

byvoeglike met betrekking tot etiese eie optrede voordat jy ander
eties naamwoord beginsels kritiseer.

Privaat sekretarisse moet met

vertroulike inligting vertrou kan
wat verband hou met word en moet oor algehele
byvoeglike oortuigings oor wat reg en integriteit en hoë etiese
eties naamwoord verkeerd is standaarde beskik.

Individuele etiek is die etiek wat

die wetenskap van norme, wette die verpligtings van die mens
etiek naamwoord en waardes teenoor homself bestudeer.

beginsels van wat reg en

verkeerd is vir ’n individu of ’n Die organisasie hou streng by ’n
etiese kode woordgroep groep etiese gedragskode.

met betrekking tot ’n bepaalde

byvoeglike groep mense en hul tradisies en Suid-Afrika het ’n wye
etnies naamwoord gebruike verskeidenheid etniese groepe.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Etimologiese inligting kan ’n

wat met die oorspronklike mens help om ’n woord of
byvoeglike betekenis en herkoms van uitdrukking beter te verstaan en
etimologies naamwoord woorde verband hou te onthou.

Die etimologie van woorde is te

die oorsprong en basiese vind in goeie
etimologie naamwoord betekenis van woorde etimologiewoordeboeke.

aanduiding of omskrywing van

iets aanstootliks of
onaangenaams deur ’n Dit is ’n eufemisme om te sê dat
benaming of uitdrukking wat iemand oorlede is, in plaas van
eufemisme naamwoord minder onaangenaam klink om te sê hy is dood.

byvoeglike Daar is baie eufemistiese

eufemisties naamwoord wat ’n eufemisme gebruik woorde.

Hulle het verskillende

die waarde van iets aan die sagtewarepakkette geëvalueer
hand van kriteria en feite ten opsigte van nut, ekonomie en
evalueer werkwoord beoordeel funksionaliteit.

Die dosent evalueer die

die waarde van iets aan die vordering van haar studente aan
hand van kriteria en feite die hand van ’n aantal
evalueer werkwoord beoordeel assesseringsmetodes.

Danksy die uitstekende terugvoer

van die dosent, was die
met betrekking tot iets waarvan geëvalueerde studente nog beter
byvoeglike die waarde op grond van feite of voorbereid vir die finale
geëvalueer naamwoord ander kriteria beoordeel is eksamen.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die beoordeling van ’n manuskrip

proses om gehalte, vermoë of word deur literêre kundiges
beoordeling naamwoord betekenis te bepaal namens die uitgewer gedoen.

Die evaluering van studente

proses om gehalte, vermoë of moet teen die einde van die
evaluering naamwoord betekenis te bepaal semester afgehandel wees.

Die dosent se evaluering deur die

die proses om gehalte, vermoë jaar wys wat die studente nie
evaluering naamwoord of betekenis te bepaal verstaan nie.

In hierdie referaat word ’n

evaluerende oorsig aangebied
gebaseer op ’n proses om van navorsing wat die span op
byvoeglike gehalte, vermoë of betekenis te die gebied van korpuslinguistiek
evaluerend naamwoord bepaal gedoen het.

Die uiteindelike doel van

wat na verwagting die een of grondherverdeling is om die
byvoeglike ander tyd in die toekoms sal onregte van die verlede goed te
uiteindelik naamwoord gebeur maak.

Die frustrasies en
byvoeglike ontevredenheid van mense is
duidelik naamwoord maklik om op te let daagliks duidelik.

Die toneelstuk het herinneringe

’n herinnering of ’n beeld of idee van gelukkige kinderjare
oproep werkwoord in iemand se gedagtes oproep opgeroep.

Die projek het ontwikkel van ’n

klein gemeenskapsprojek in ’n
ontwikkel werkwoord stadigaan ontvou landwye veldtog.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die argeoloog sal die skelet wat

onlangs in die Oos-Kaap gevind
is, noukeurig ondersoek om vas
ondersoek werkwoord noukeurig bestudeer te stel hoe oud dit is.

Jou taak is om die sosiologiese

’n idee of voorwerp noukeurig oorsake van kindermishandeling
ondersoek werkwoord bestudeer te ondersoek.

In ’n goeie argument word

iets konkreets (’n voorwerp of stellings altyd met gepaste
situasie) wat ’n konsep of voorbeelde toegelig om die leser
voorbeeld naamwoord stelling toelig of illustreer of luisteraar te oortuig.

beter as een of ander standaard ’n Werklike voorwerp kan nie die

oorskry werkwoord wees snelheid van lig oorskry nie.
meer of groter in getal wees as Hy is bankrot, want sy laste
oorskry werkwoord iets anders oorskry sy bates.

Studente wat in hul spesifieke

vakgebiede presteer, ontvang
presteer werkwoord uitstekend vaar dikwels akademiese toekennings.

Studente is hoogs gemotiveer om

hard te werk ten einde in
werkopdragte uit te blink en
uitblink werkwoord iets baie goed doen belonings te ontvang.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

As jy ’n uittreksel uit ’n teks in jou

eie skrywerk invoeg, plaas jy dit
’n gedeelte uit ’n teks, film, tussen aanhalingstekens met die
uittreksel naamwoord musiekstuk, ens. bronverwysing tussen hakies.
Die toetse toon ’n oormaat
oormaat naamwoord meer as wat nodig is natrium in haar bloed.

nie toelaat dat iemand aan iets Die personeel is uitgesluit van die
uitsluit werkwoord deelneem nie betogings op die kampus.

Die pakket is so gestruktureer dat

uitsluit werkwoord iets nie insluit nie koste-verhogings uitgesluit word.

Take wat teen 15 Desember nog

’n plan uitvoer of iets doen nie uitgevoer is nie, moet
uitvoer werkwoord waartoe jy ingestem het oorstaan.

Ek weet van drie Duitse teoloë

kritiese interpretasie van ’n teks, wat briljante eksegeses van die
eksegese naamwoord veral van die Bybel Nuwe Testament gemaak het.

Twee van my teologiedosente is

iemand wat ’n teks, veral die uitstekende eksegete van die
eksegeet naamwoord Bybel, toelig Nuwe Testament.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die leksikon vestig die aandag op

verwante betekenisse van
verskillende woorde in die Bybel
wat verband hou met eksegese en is vir die eksegetiese studie
byvoeglike of die interpretasie van ’n teks, van die Bylbelteks van die
eksegeties naamwoord veral die Bybel uiterste belang.

Hy is deur die dokter vermaan

liggaamlik of geestelik ’n sterk om hom nie in te span tydens
inspan werkwoord poging aanwend oefening nie.

mag, invloed, gesag of druk Hy oefen groot invloed uit op die

uitoefen werkwoord gebruik om iets te laat gebeur ander raadslede.

Die kunstenaar se skilderye sal

ten tyde van die opening van die
uitstal werkwoord wys of vertoon kunsgalery uitgestal word.

wees werkwoord lewe Om te wees is om te bestaan.

Baie teorieë bestaan oor die

toenemende aardverwarming
bestaan werkwoord daar wees wat ons ervaar.
Goed en kwaad bestaan in alle
bestaan werkwoord in die heelal teenwoordig wees mense.

Die bestaan van talle teorieë oor

toenemende aardverwarming
help nie om die probleem op te
bestaan naamwoord teenwoordigheid in wêreld los nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n filosofiese teorie of
benadering wat die bestaan
beklemtoon van die individu as
’n vrye en verantwoordelike Die opkoms van eksistensialisme
agent wat sy of haar in die 1950's het die mag van
ontwikkeling deur eie kerke en geestelikes ernstig
eksistensialisme naamwoord wilsbesluite bepaal geskaad.

Die idee is eksistensialisties: slegs

deur liggaamlike pyn is die mens
byvoeglike wat met die eksistensialisme verseker van die egtheid van sy
eksistensialisties naamwoord verband hou bestaan.

Die bestaande politieke stelsel is

gebaseer op die beginsel van
byvoeglike wat nou daar is, gebruik word of bemagtiging van die sterkste
bestaande naamwoord gebeur politieke party.

Gedurende die 1970's het

groter, breër of wyer maak of welsynsprogramme vinnig
uitbrei werkwoord word uitgebrei.

Hulle benodig kundige raad oor

byvoeglike hoe om die tegnologies
kundig naamwoord baie goed of vaardig gevorderde produk te bemark.
iemand met spesialiskennis en - Sy is ’n kenner wat
kenner naamwoord ervaring aardverwarming betref.

Die metodologie-afdeling
vertel op ’n manier wat dit verduidelik hoe die deelnemers
verduidelik werkwoord maklik maak om te verstaan gekies is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Studente verkies dosente wat

nuwe konsepte in eenvoudige
iets duidelik maak deur dit in taal verduidelik sodat almal dit
verduidelik werkwoord besonderhede te beskryf kan verstaan.

Die teorie verklaar waarom

soveel tieners risikogedrag
verklaar werkwoord redes vir iets gee vertoon.

Die ekonoom gee aan die

joernalis ’n uiteensetting van die
gebeure wat tot die skielike
beskrywing of stelling wat iets ineenstorting van die
uiteensetting naamwoord duidelik maak wêreldmarkte gelei het.

Die verduidelikende
aantekeninge in die kantlyn help
byvoeglike met die doel om iets te die leser om die teks beter te
verduidelikend naamwoord verduidelik verstaan.

die betekenis van iets uitlig deur

dit eksplisiet te stel sodat almal Die advokaat het die beskuldigde
ekspliseer werkwoord verstaan wat bedoel word gevra om te ekspliseer.
duidelik, eksplisiet en Jy moet die rede vir die studie
uiteensit werkwoord verstaanbaar maak uiteensit.

Eksplisering is nodig wanneer

eksplisering naamwoord toeligtende verduideliking beelde in ’n gedig verklaar word.

presies en duidelik uiteengesit Die direkteur het duidelike redes

byvoeglike sonder enige poging om iets verstrek waarom die
duidelik naamwoord weg te steek projekbestuurder ontslaan is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

In hul beplanningsdokumente
moet werkgewers eksplisiet
presies en duidelik uitgedruk aandui hoe hulle van plan is om
byvoeglike sonder enige poging om iets die nuwe beleid te
eksplisiet naamwoord weg te steek implementeer.

byvoeglike duidelik en uitvoerig gestel of Kykers word gewaarsku teen

eksplisiet naamwoord vertoon eksplisiete taal en tonele.

Handelaars op die aandelebeurs

tot jou voordeel gebruik of het die swak rand uitgebuit om
uitbuit werkwoord manipuleer geld te maak.

iemand onregverdig behandel,

bv. om sonder erkenning sy of
haar werk of idees te gebruik
om geld of voordeel vir jouself Sy het gevoel dat die tragedie
uitbuit werkwoord te kry deur die media uitgebuit word.

’n persoon wat ’n idee, plan,

teorie of oortuiging ondersteun Die professor is ’n
of verduidelik, en ander probeer toonaangewende eksponent van
eksponent naamwoord oortuig dat dit nuttig of goed is kruiegeneeskunde.
die verkoop van produkte of Winste op die uitvoer van alkohol
uitvoer naamwoord stowwe aan ’n ander land word swaar belas.

iets wat aan ’n ander land Wyn is ’n belangrike

uitvoerproduk naamwoord verkoop word uitvoerproduk vir Suid-Afrika.

iets na ’n ander land stuur of Suid-Afrika voer wyn na die res

uitvoer werkwoord iets in die buiteland verkoop van die wêreld uit.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

iets soos ’n aktiwiteit of idee in Duitse idees oor onderwys is na

uitvoer werkwoord ’n ander land bekend stel landelike Afrika uitgevoer.

’n Onafhanklike oudit van die

hele staatsdiens in die provinsie
het ’n gebrek aan selfs basiese
blootlê werkwoord wys of sigbaar maak bestuursvaardighede blootgelê.

byvoeglike groot in hoeveelheid, graad of Sy uitgebreide navorsing verg

uitgebrei naamwoord grootte ekstra finansiering.

byvoeglike wat baie inligting en Die ongeluk het uitgebreide

uitgebrei naamwoord besonderhede bevat dekking in die media gekry.

Die eksterne druk moet hoër

byvoeglike wees as die interne druk om die
ekstern naamwoord aan die buitekant uitsetting te laat plaasvind.

stof wat deur middel van ’n

spesifieke proses uit ’n ander Amandel-ekstrak gee ’n heerlike
ekstrak naamwoord stof verkry is geur aan ryspoeding.

iets van iets anders verkry deur

’n chemiese of industriële
onttrek werkwoord proses of masjien te gebruik Yster word uit ystererts onttrek.

iets verwyder, gewoonlik met ’n Die gebreekte stuk is met ’n tang

uittrek werkwoord mate van krag of inspanning uit die masjien getrek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

As jy ’n gedeelte uit ’n teks lig en

woordeliks in jou eie opdrag
invoeg, plaas jy dit tussen
’n kort stukkie teks of inligting aanhalingstekens met die
uitlig werkwoord uit ’n boek ens. neem bronverwysing tussen hakies.

kort gedeelte van ’n boek, Die uittreksel uit die roman wys
musiekstuk of dergelike wat hoe arm kinders in stede
uittreksel naamwoord apart verskyn uitgebuit kan word.

Die universiteit is ernstig daaroor

om toegang vir ekonomies
iets makliker maak of laat benadeelde studente te
fasiliteer werkwoord gebeur fasiliteer.

Hy het ’n spelerskomitee op die

been gebring om beter
iets makliker maak om ’n kommunikasie tussen die spelers
fasiliteer werkwoord bepaalde doel te bereik en bestuur te fasiliteer.

Distriksmunisipaliteite het ’n
deurslaggewende rol te speel in
byvoeglike ekonomiese ontwikkeling,
fasilitering naamwoord proses van fasilitering beplanning en fasilitering.

Haar fasilitering is so goed dat

alle beginnersprekers met gemak
aan die gespreksklasse
fasilitering naamwoord die vergemakliking van ’n proses deelneem.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sy is ’n bekwame fasiliteerder
wat presies weet hoe om die
beginnersprekers op hul gemak
iemand wat ’n proses makliker te laat voel en hulle met genoeg
fasiliteerder naamwoord laat verloop selfvertroue laat praat.
Dit is ’n feit dat die aarde elke 24
feit naamwoord iets wat bewys kan word uur om die son draai.

inligting wat as bewysstuk in ’n Die wetenskaplike sit die feite

argument, publikasie of verslag stelselmatig in sy argument
feit naamwoord gebruik word uiteen.

’n klein groep binne ’n groter Die mededingende faksies in die

groep wie se idees van dié van politieke party kan nie tot ’n
faksie naamwoord die groter groep verskil vergelyk kom nie.

Onderwys is ’n belangrike faktor

in die bewusmaking van
enigiets wat oorsaaklik tot ’n gesondheidskwessies in ’n
faktor naamwoord resultaat bydra bevolking.
feit of omstandigheid wat tot ’n Bespreek al die faktore wat tot
faktor naamwoord resultaat bydra aardverwarming lei.

Sy het vergeet om die verwer se

in jou berekeninge opneem oor loon by te reken in haar
hoeveel iets sal kos, hoe lank dit beraming oor hoeveel dit sal kos
byreken werkwoord sal duur, ens. om die huis te verf.

byvoeglike wat op feite gebaseer is of wat ’n Argument sonder ’n feitelike

feitelik naamwoord feite bevat basis is net ’n stel opinies.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Argument word gewoonlik

byvoeglike wat op feite gebaseer is of wat deur feitelike inligting
feitelike naamwoord feite bevat ondersteun.

’n valse of verkeerde idee of Dit is ’n dwaling dat die Skotte

oortuiging, gebaseer op suinig is, in der waarheid dra
verkeerde inligting of foutiewe hulle, van al die groepe op die
redenasies, wat baie mense dalk Britse Eilande, die meeste tot
dwaling naamwoord glo, waar is liefdadigheid by.

’n swak plek in iemand se

argument wat aan foutiewe Die dwaling in hul argument is
logika of ’n redenasiefout te dat hulle veralgemeen het op
dwaling naamwoord wyte is grond van te min voorbeelde.

byvoeglike wat gedoen kan word en Die gebruik van twee tale as
haalbaar naamwoord waarskynlik sal werk onderrigmedium is haalbaar.

’n belangrike, interessante of Beskryf die kenmerkende

eienskap naamwoord tipiese aspek van iets eienskappe van ’n aardbewing.

’n spesiale artikel oor ’n Die koerant het ’n spesiale artikel

bepaalde onderwerp in ’n oor die skrywer wat die
glansartikel naamwoord tydskrif, koerant, ens. toekenning ontvang het.

iemand of iets spesiaals insluit Die kongres spog met die dekaan
spog met werkwoord of in ’n belangrike rol hê as een van die hoofsprekers.

byvoeglike Jou kamtige feite is niks meer as

kamtig naamwoord wat voorgegee word persoonlike aannames nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

as ’n omgewing vrugbaar is,

word nuwe idees, resultate,
politieke groepe, ens.
byvoeglike aangemoedig en kan dit maklik Arm streke is ’n vrugbare
vrugbaar naamwoord ontwikkel en slaag teelaarde vir revolusie.

Die nuwe dosent se vrugbare

byvoeglike vol nuwe, interessante en denke sal waardevolle bydraes
vrugbaar naamwoord ongewone idees tot navorsing lewer.

Stephen Hawking, die Britse

teoretiese fisikus, was ’n
beroemde deskundige op die
gebied van teoretiese
gebied naamwoord gebied van studie kosmologie.

Figuurlike taal (beeldspraak)

gebruik op ’n manier wat van word dikwels in die letterkunde
byvoeglike die gewone, normale of basiese aangetref, omdat digters figuurlik
figuurlik naamwoord betekenis verskil eerder as letterlik dink.

Hoe figureer die huidige

elektrisiteitskrisis in die beleid
’n rol in ’n proses of situasie ten opsigte van buitelandse
figureer werkwoord speel beleggings?
My pa se fors figuur verskyn
figuur naamwoord die vorm van iemand se liggaam skielik in die deur.

woordgebruik wat ten doel het

om ’n bepaalde effek te
bewerkstellig, bv. ironie,
metafoor, hiperbool, eufemisme Beeldspraak is ’n stylfiguur wat
stylfiguur naamwoord of satire dikwels in poësie voorkom.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die besluit van die tugkomitee is

finaal en daar sal geen verdere
byvoeglike bespreking oor die kwessie
finaal naamwoord die laaste gevoer word nie.

Die finalisering van ’n proefskrif

benodig senuwees van staal
omdat daar soveel besonderhede
voltooiing of finale konsep van is wat uiteindelik nagegaan moet
finalisering naamwoord iets word.

My kamermaat het twee dae oor

om haar werkstuk met
bronverwysings en ’n bibliografie
afhandel werkwoord ’n finale weergawe produseer af te handel.

Ons is nog besig om te

onderhandel, maar dit lyk asof
die toestand van afgehandel te ons in die stadium is waar ons
finaliteit naamwoord wees finaliteit gaan bereik.

die geld, dikwels ’n groot Sy het voltyds gewerk om haar

bedrag, voorsien wat nodig is man se universiteitsopleiding te
finansier werkwoord om vir iets te betaal finansier.

Kundiges van groot maatskappye

verskaf inligting oor ’n
die geld wat ’n persoon of verskeidenheid onderwerpe,
organisasie beskikbaar het en soos finansies, beleggings en
die manier waarop hierdie geld versekering, waarby sakelui baat
finansies naamwoord bestuur word kan vind
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die balans van die vereiste

die kommersiële aktiwiteit om finansiering sal deur die bank
finansiering naamwoord fondse en kapitaal te verskaf voorsien word.

Daar is ’n beperkte aantal

byvoeglike met ’n definitiewe beperking of energiebronne vir die opwekking
beperk naamwoord vaste grootte van elektrisiteit.

Goeie skrywers probeer altyd

aan verwagtinge voldoen of aan woorde kies wat binne die tema
pas werkwoord ’n doel beantwoord van hul teks pas.

byvoeglike in staat om by verskillende Die maatskappy soek na iemand

buigsaam naamwoord toestande aan te pas wat buigsame kan werk.

Die toestel het onklaar geraak

in ’n stygende en dalende weens die fluktuerende
fluktueer werkwoord patroon beweeg elektriese stroom.

Daar is baie studente wie se

punte vir dieselfde vak aansienlik
wissel werkwoord aanhou styg en daal wissel.

Die wisselende aard van die

motorbedryf lei dikwels tot die
byvoeglike indiensneming van swak
wisselend naamwoord wat op en af gaan gekwalifiseerde persone.

Die fluktuering in die

motorbedryf lei dikwels tot die
verandering in ’n vlak, prys of indiensneming van swak
fluktuering naamwoord bedrag gekwalifiseerde persone.

wat sonder huiwering ’n taal

byvoeglike korrek en maklik kan praat of
vlot naamwoord skryf Sy is vlot in Spaans.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hoewel die twee instellings

byvoeglike nie vasgestel nie en wat saamgesmelt het, is die reëling
vloeibaar naamwoord waarskynlik sal verander steeds vloeibaar.

die onderwerp of situasie wat

die middelpunt van Die belangrikste fokus van die
fokus naamwoord belangstelling of aandag is kursus is sosiale antropologie.

Die media se fokus op primêre

spesiale aandag aan ’n gesondheidsorg het die
fokus naamwoord spesifieke onderwerp of situasie bewustheid verhoog.

fokus naamwoord die duidelike doel van iets Sy opstel het geen fokus nie.

konsentreer op of spesiale
aandag skenk aan ’n bepaalde
persoon of ding in plaas van Sy fokus al haar energie op die
fokus werkwoord ander mense of dinge voltooiing van haar proefskrif.
Fokus op die gevolge van
fokus werkwoord besondere aandag aan iets gee rommelstrooiing.

Jy moet goed nadink oor presies

waarop jy in jou navorsing wil
fokus werkwoord op iets konsentreer fokus.

Gefokusde studie is slegs

byvoeglike wat aandag, belangstelling of moontlik as jy ’n balans vind
gefokus naamwoord aktiwiteit op iets spesifieks rig tussen studie en sosialisering.

aantal respondente wie se

menings oor ’n produk verkry Ná hierdie fokusgroepbespreking
word in die konteks van sal Tertia se kwalitatiewe
bemarking deur kwalitatiewe ondersoek afgehandel wees en
navorsing (bv. gesprekke en sal sy die resultate van haar
fokusgroep naamwoord vraelyste) studie finaliseer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sy gewelddadige gedrag volg nie

logies uit sy vredestoespraak van
volg uit woordgroep uit iets voortvloei die vorige dag nie.

In sy lesing volg teorie en

voorbeeld stelselmatig op
volg op woordgroep in tyd direk op iets volg mekaar.

Die outeur van ’n akademiese

artikel moet seker maak dat sy
argumente op ’n logiese manier
volg op woordgroep logies aansluit by op mekaar volg.

Die studentevrywilligers gee hul

iets opgee of besluit om iets nie somervakansie prys om
prysgee werkwoord te hê nie ontwikkelingswerk te doen.

Die formaat van die twee

die uitleg en voorkoms van ’n handboeke is heeltemal
formaat naamwoord dokument of vertoon verskillend.

teks en visuele elemente op ’n Alle opdragte moet volgens die

spesifieke manier op ’n bladsy of voorgeskrewe stylblad
formateer werkwoord skerm rangskik geformateer word.
die organisasie, plan of ontwerp Die vieringe vind plaas in die
vorm naamwoord van iets vorm van ’n karnaval.
’n bepaalde metode om iets te Die formule vir sukses is harde
formule naamwoord bereik werk.

al die besonderhede van ’n

voorstel of projek uitdink en Die kommissie het opdrag gekry
opstel werkwoord beplan om ’n monetêre beleid op te stel.

bepaalde woorde gebruik om

jou menings, gevoelens of idees Hulle het hul idees geformuleer
formuleer werkwoord duidelik uit te druk in noukeurig geslypte prosa.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

In die finale weergawe van jou

werkstuk moet jy duidelik en
formuleer werkwoord iets op ’n logiese manier uitdruk bondig formuleer.

Die student wat haar taal goed

die manier waarop iets versorg, gebruik duidelike en
formulering naamwoord geformuleer of uitgedruk word bondige formulering.

byvoeglike Ek sien uit na die komende

komend naamwoord wat gaan gebeur of verskyn rugbyseisoen.

byvoeglike bereid om inligting oor iets te Sy was tegemoetkomend in haar

tegemoetkomend naamwoord gee reaksie op die aantygings.

Geologie is 'n toegepaste

wetenskap wat gegrond is op
noukeurige waarneming van die
natuurlike wêreld, tesame met
die toepassing van fisiese,
chemiese en biologiese konsepte
grond werkwoord iets op iets anders baseer om aardprosesse te verklaar.

Dosente kla dikwels dat studente

se skryfwerk nie ’n stewige
iets basies of belangrik waarop teoretiese grondslag het waarop
grondslag naamwoord iets anders gebaseer is hul idees gebaseer is nie.

die basiese beginsels waarop

toekomstige werk of optrede Die studie bied ’n stewige basis
basis naamwoord gegrond word vir verdere navorsing.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

ondersteunende struktuur
onderliggend aan ’n teorie, Ek plaas my navorsing binne die
raamwerk naamwoord konsep of onderwerp raamwerk van ekokritiek.

’n stel idees, oortuigings of Die handboek bied ’n algemene

beginsels wat die basis vorm om raamwerk vir die verstaan van
raamwerk naamwoord iets te verstaan biologie.

Die suksesvolle dosent beplan

elke lesing binne die raamwerk
raamwerk naamwoord oorkoepelende struktuur van haar kursusdoelstellings.

die uiterste limiet van wat As hierdie navorsingsprojek

bekend is oor iets in ’n bepaalde suksesvol is, sal dit die grense
grens naamwoord veld van ons kennis verskuif.

Sy bedanking sal spekulasie

aanblaas dat die hele
die hoeveelheid of intensiteit maatskappy by die diefstal van
aanblaas werkwoord van iets verhoog die geld betrokke was.

’n vereiste of noodsaaklike Sy het aan al die vereistes vir die

amptelike standaard van iets program voldoen en sal in
voldoen aan werkwoord bereik September graad kry.

Internetbanke kan die funksies

van tradisionele banke teen die
funksie naamwoord waarvoor iets gebruik word helfte van die prys verrig.

Die doel van die inleiding is om ’n

kort opsomming van die artikel
doel naamwoord die oogmerk wat iets het as geheel te gee.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

die werk doen of die doel vervul

wat jy of ’n bepaalde ding Die gebou se watertoevoer is
veronderstel is om te doen of te weer gekoppel en dit funksioneer
funksioneer werkwoord vervul normaalweg.

Baie woorde in ’n taal

funksioneer as meer as een
woordsoort, soos bepaal deur die
funksioneer werkwoord op ’n spesifieke manier werk konteks.

Die gebruik van toepaslike

byvoeglike leestekens is funksioneel in
funksioneel naamwoord wat van praktiese waarde is akademiese opstelle.

’n Mens kan so baie dinge met

die foon se GPS-stelsel doen dat
een of al die bewerkings wat iets dit funksionaliteit na ’n heel
funksionaliteit naamwoord kan uitvoer nuwe vlak neem.

Pretoria funksioneer as die

administratiewe hoofstad van
funksioneer as werkwoord iets wees of as iets werk Suid-Afrika.

absoluut noodsaaklik en
belangrik as deel van iets, tot
die punt dat die tweede ding nie
byvoeglike sonder die eerste kan bestaan of Landbou is fundamenteel vir die
fundamenteel naamwoord slaag nie ekonomie van die land.

byvoeglike Die konsep van geregtigheid is

fundamenteel naamwoord die nodige basis van iets vorm fundamenteel tot sy teorie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Daar bestaan soms

fundamentele verskille tussen die
ideologiese begeertes van ’n
byvoeglike wat die grondslag of basis van regering aan die een kant en die
fundamenteel naamwoord iets betref landsbelang aan die ander kant.

Die kwaito-groep het simfoniese

twee of meer dinge verbind klanke met hul musiek
saamvoeg werkwoord sodat hulle een ding word saamgevoeg.

Wat haar van haar eweknieë

verskillende idees, eienskappe onderskei, is haar vermoë om
of dinge saamvoeg, veral om ’n onderwys en vermaak te laat
aangename kombinasie of versmelt tot wat sy
versmelt werkwoord geheel te verkry opvoedvermaak noem.

Hierdie skaal is nie geyk nie en

meetinstrumente of gewigte dus kan jy nie seker wees of jy
nagaan en dan ’n amptelike presies ’n kilogram vleis gekoop
yk werkwoord stempel of merk daarop plaas het nie.

Werkgewers mag nie op grond

die eienskappe wat manlike en van geslag teen werknemers
geslag naamwoord vroulike rolle onderskei diskrimineer nie.

Die werksessies sal

probleemoplossing gebruik om
genereer werkwoord skep of tot stand bring nuwe idees te genereer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wanneer ’n mens ’n
taalverwerwingskursus beplan vir
studente uit verskillende
vakgebiede, sal die teksinhoud
generies wees, aangesien die
byvoeglike skep van vakspesifieke tekste vir
generies naamwoord nie spesifiek nie elke vak prakties onmoontlik is.

vertakking van enige kuns met

’n kenmerkende, eie
benadering, ontwerp en (of)
onderwerp – hoofsaaklik by die
drie hoofkategorieë van literêre Hy het veral op twee genres
kuns, naamlik prosa, poësie en gefokus: die literêre opstel en
genre naamwoord drama landskapskildering.

die begin- of vroeë stadium van Die kiem van sy teorie, wat
iets, soos ’n idee, waaruit heelwat later ontwikkel is, kan
daardie ding tot ’n groter of reeds in sy eerste boek gesien
kiem naamwoord belangriker ding kan ontwikkel word.

bol naamwoord ’n min of meer ronde voorwerp Die bome is tot bolle gesnoei.

Sommige skrywers glosseer hul

handboeke sodat studente die
vir vakspesifieke woorde of betekenis van tegniese terme
glosseer werkwoord frases verklarende notas verskaf kan naslaan.

alfabetiese lys woorde met Sommige handboeke bevat ’n

verduidelikings, soos in party glossarium wat die betekenis van
glossarium naamwoord handboeke moeilike tegniese terme verklaar.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

dit wat ’n plan bedoel is om te Die doel van haar mediese

bereik, wat gewoonlik moeite en studies is om ’n suksesvolle
doel naamwoord tyd verg pediater te word.

dit wat ’n plan bedoel is om te Enige doelwit kan bereik word as

bereik, wat gewoonlik moeite en mense nie toelaat dat hulle
doelwit naamwoord tyd verg aandag afgelei word nie.

Die steenkool wat in daardie

die vlak of gehalte van ’n gebied ontgin word, is gewoonlik
graad naamwoord besondere produk of materiaal van die hoogste graad.

’n bepaalde kwaliteit, vlak, Al die boer se pere is eerste

graad naamwoord waarde, ens. graad en word oorsee bemark.

’n punt of plek op ’n skaal Die hotel, wat met ’n see-uitsig

toeken om intensiteit, spog en baie internasionale gaste
hoeveelheid of gehalte aan te lok, is as ’n drie-ster-hotel
gradeer werkwoord dui gegradeer.

Die nagraadse student in

Landbou moes verskillende
peersoorte volgens hul smaak en
gradeer werkwoord volgens soort en gehalte sorteer voorkoms gradeer.

Die artefakte wat tydens die

dinge of mense in kategorieë opgrawing gevind is, is volgens
plaas volgens hul kwaliteite of grootte, kleur en vorm
klassifiseer werkwoord vermoëns geklassifiseer.

iemand wat ’n akademiese Alle graduandi dra togas

graduandus naamwoord graad gaan ontvang gedurende die gradeplegtigheid.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

My vyf beste vriende gradueer

einde vanjaar aan die Universiteit
gradueer werkwoord ’n graad ontvang van Stellenbosch.

Ek wil gegradueerdes aanraai om

iemand wat ’n akademiese geduldig te wees terwyl hulle
gegradueerde naamwoord graad verwerf het werk soek.

byvoeglike My gegradueerde seun is

gegradueer naamwoord iemand wat ’n graad verwerf het ondanks sy graad sonder werk.

Daar is aan die studente

toestemming verleen om die
iemand iets toelaat, soos aan parkeerterrein vir hul
iemand toestemming gee om fondsinsamelingskonsert te
verleen werkwoord iets te doen gebruik.

aanvaar of erken dat iemand se

mening, oortuiging of idees
waar is, selfs al is dit
onaangenaam of al sal dit nie Daar word toegegee dat hy ’n
noodwendig ’n verskil aan jou goeie navorser was, maar sy
eie oortuigings of idees maak onderrigvermoë het veel te
toegee werkwoord nie wense oorgelaat.

’n Toelaag vir navorsing is aan

hom toegeken om hom te help
bedrag geld gegee om ’n projek om sy magisterverhandeling te
toelaag naamwoord te voltooi voltooi.

die uiterste erns of Die premier van Pakistan het die

belangrikheid van ’n gebeurtenis erns van die burgerlike onrus in
erns naamwoord of situasie Indië beklemtoon.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Gewigtigheid was nog altyd ’n

die uiters ernstige manier kenmerk van die visekanselier se
gewigtigheid naamwoord waarop iemand praat of optree toesprake.

’n formele belofte, gewoonlik

skriftelik, dat iets sal gebeur of Sommige banke bied ’n waarborg
gedoen sal word, of dat iets van op hul kredietkaarte teen die
’n bepaalde standaard of risiko van geldverlies deur
waarborg naamwoord gehalte is bedrog.

Die versekeringsmaatskappy
’n verbintenis gee dat iets waarborg volledige tevredenheid
waarborg werkwoord gedoen sal word of sal gebeur met hul diens.

Roosevelt sê ’n nasie wat ’n

basiese mate van ekonomiese
seker maak dat iets op ’n veiligheid kan waarborg as ’n
bepaalde manier funksioneer, manier om vryheid te bevorder,
waarborg werkwoord gebeur of werk moet oorweeg om dit te doen.

Gedurende die eerste kwartaal

van hulle eerste jaar benodig
hulp of raad wat aan iemand studente leiding en simpatie baie
leiding naamwoord gegee word meer as onderrig.

As ek nie ’n ingeligte besluit kan

hulp of raad wat aan iemand neem nie, vra ek my ouers om
leiding naamwoord gegee word leiding.

raad wat aan iemand gegee Die student moet haar opdrag
riglyn naamwoord word volgens sekere riglyne voltooi.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die natuurliefhebber is hartseer

gebruik om die tweede van oor afgekapte bome, die
twee kontrasterende punte in te stedeling daarenteen dink nie
daarenteen bywoord lei daaraan nie.

Die suksesvolle student het

strategiese denkvaardighede om
het werkwoord om te besit haar studierooster te beplan.

Die doel van die speaker van die

mense, gebeure of gebruike opposisieparty was om ons
hekel naamwoord deur skerp spot kritiseer politieke leiers te hekel.

byvoeglike oorheersend in ’n sosiale en Engels kry hegemoniese status

hegemonies naamwoord politieke konteks bo die ander inheemse tale.

oorheersing of oppergesag van

een land, geografiese gebied, Engels is besig om hegemonie bo
politieke stelsel, kultuur en taal inheemse tale in Suid-Afrika te
hegemonie naamwoord bo ’n ander verkry.

’n Hermeneutiese benadering tot

die leesproses help taaldosente
en -onderwysers om deur middel
byvoeglike van hul onderrigtegnieke die
naamwoord, met betrekking tot leesprobleme van studente en
hermeneuties bywoord hermeneutiek leerders beter te hanteer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Tradisioneel bestudeer
hermeneutiek die interpretasie
bestudering van die teorie en van geskrewe tekste in literatuur,
hermeneutiek naamwoord praktyk van interpretasie godsdiens en die regswese.

byvoeglike Die heuristiese benadering in die

naamwoord, wat iemand in staat stel om self onderwys beteken dat die kind
heuristies bywoord te leer leer deur self dinge te ontdek.

breë benadering tot

probleemsituasies deur
oplossings te vind sonder om
vooraf te weet hoe dit gaan
gebeur, dikwels deur ’n mengsel Duisende jare gelede het die
van stelselmatige beroemde wysgeer Sokrates
bevraagtekening, logiese heuristiek gebruik om sy
redenasie of ’n raaiskoot studente self lewensvrae te laat
gebaseer op intuïsie, ervaring en beantwoord deur hulle
heuristiek naamwoord selfs gesonde verstand stelselmatig te ondervra.

In die Rooms-Katolieke Kerk is

byvoeglike daar ’n duidelike hiërargiese
naamwoord, wat in volgorde van rang stelsel van gesagsposisies met
hiërargies bywoord gerangskik is die pous heel bo.

Die maatskappy het ’n redelike

’n reeks groepe op verskillende plat hiërargie – ’n uitvoerende
vlakke van belangrikheid binne hoof, bestuurders en ander
hiërargie naamwoord ’n stelsel. werknemers.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die hiërargieë van konsepte in

’n stelsel wat idees en die biologie word die beste met
oortuigings in ’n tipe stelsel of behulp van diagramme en
hiërargie naamwoord struktuur organiseer konsepkaarte voorgestel.

Die breinkaart wat die tematiese

’n stelsel waarin dinge of eenhede van die teks grafies
persone ingedeel word volgens voorstel, werk met tematiese
hiërargie naamwoord hul relatiewe status of gesag hiërargie.

Die departementshoof se
byvoeglike eiegeregtige besluite ontstel die
naamwoord, wat mag gebruik sonder om personeel, wat voel dat hy
eiegeregtig bywoord ander in ag te neem despoties optree.

Die voorsitter van die sessie het

die hoofpunte van die referaat
uitlig werkwoord meer sigbaar of prominent maak uitgelig.

Die land se landbousektor is

swaar getref deur die vigs-
tref werkwoord raak pandemie

teorie of lewensfilosofie wat

uitgaan van die veronderstelling Holisme is die teorie dat die
dat die geheel meer is as die werklikheid meer is as die som
holisme naamwoord som van die dele van die samestellende dele.

gekenmerk deur die oortuiging

dat die dele van iets onderling
byvoeglike nou met mekaar verbind is en ’n Holistiese lewensbeskouing
naamwoord, slegs verklaar kan word deur na sien die lewe as ’n dinamiese
holisties bywoord die geheel te verwys web van invloede.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

die toestand van dieselfde te

wees of tot dieselfde soort te Homogeniteit in ’n land met
homogeniteit naamwoord behoort soveel tale en kulture is moeilik.

byvoeglike Suid-Afrika het beslis nie ’n

homogeen naamwoord van dieselfde soort homogene bevolking nie.

Pretoria het ’n sterk, homogene

Griekse gemeenskap wat bestaan
byvoeglike wat bestaan uit mense of dele uit mense wat ’n gemeenskaplike
homogeen naamwoord wat dieselfde of soortgelyk is kultuur, godsdiens en taal deel.

woord met dieselfde klank- en

spelvorm as ’n ander woord, Woorde soos ARM en ARM is
homoniem naamwoord maar wat verskil in betekenis homonieme.

byvoeglike met betrekking tot ’n homoniem Die skuins gedrukte woorde is

homoniem naamwoord of homonieme homonieme woorde.

woord wat dieselfde klink as ’n

ander woord, maar anders
homofoon naamwoord gespel word LEI en LY is homofone.

byvoeglike met betrekking tot ’n homofoon In die twee sinne is die skuins
homofoon naamwoord of homofone gedrukte woorde homofoon.

Hy het geglo dat enigiemand wat

byvoeglike wat iets sterk teëstaan of nie glimlag wanneer hy praat nie,
vyandiggesind naamwoord verwerp sy voorstelle vyandiggesind was.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

stylfiguur wat oordrywing Ek het my morsdood geskrik! is ’n

hiperbool naamwoord gebruik ter wille van effek voorbeeld van ’n hiperbool.

byvoeglike ’n Hiperboliese styl moet nooit

naamwoord, ten koste van stewige inhoud
hiperbolies bywoord met betrekking tot ’n hiperbool gebruik word nie.

’n idee gebaseer op bekende

feite wat as ’n moontlike
verklaring of bewys van ’n
toestand of situasie aan die Die mediese navorsingspan het
hand gedoen word, maar wat met ’n nuwe hipotese gekom oor
hipotese naamwoord nog nie as waar bewys is nie hoe die virus moontlik werk.

’n idee gebaseer op bekende Die doktorale student se

feite wat as ’n moontlike hipotese dat trauma beter met
verklaring of bewys van ’n hipnose as met aanvaarde
toestand of situasie aan die metodes behandel kan word, is
hand gedoen word, maar wat weerlê, want hy kon dit nie
hipotese naamwoord nog nie as waar bewys is nie bewys nie.

Hy weet dat sy veronderstelling

veronderstelling wat as oor die kenmerke van
waarheid aangeneem word en motorfietsryers voorlopig is,
waarop ’n argument gebou want dit is onderhewig aan
veronderstelling naamwoord word verdere bewyse.

As jy veronderstel, maak jy ’n
’n moontlikheid aan die hand verklaring wat nog bewys moet
veronderstel werkwoord doen word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Daar word veronderstel dat

’n veronderstelling maak om mense wat positief is, beter
sekere feite of waarnemings te gesondheid geniet as diegene
veronderstel werkwoord verduidelik of te voorspel met ’n negatiewe lewensuitkyk.

’n voorlopige veronderstelling Voordat empiriese bewyse

maak om iets te verduidelik of beskikbaar was, het
te voorspel totdat genoeg feite wetenskaplikes veronderstel dat
beskikbaar is om ’n finale die middel moontlik ’n hormoon
veronderstel werkwoord stelling te kan maak teiken.

byvoeglike
naamwoord,
hipoteties bywoord met betrekking tot ’n hipotese Hipotetiese denke is noodsaaklik.

Hoewel ’n idee ’n abstrakte

begrip is, is die oorsprong
daarvan konkreet, want dit
ontstaan as ’n beeld ’n mens se
idee naamwoord voorstelling van iets gedagtes.

Tien van die tweelinge is identies,

en sommige onderwysers sukkel
byvoeglike om hulle individueel te
identies naamwoord presies dieselfde identifiseer.

Die identifisering van plagiaat is

geen probleem vir die ervare
dosent nie, want daar is
gewoonlik ’n duidelike verskil
die proses om iets te herken en tussen die skryfstyl van die
identifisering naamwoord te sê wat dit is student en dié in die bronteks.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die identifikasie van

halfedelstene berus gedeeltelik
die proses om iets te herken en op die waarneming van kleur
identifikasie naamwoord te sê wat dit is deur die menslike oog.

Die identifisering van tematiese

proses om iets of iemand tussen sleutelwoorde is ’n noodsaaklike
identifisering naamwoord ander uit te ken leesvaardigheid.

As jy die geïdentifiseerde
sleutelwoorde aan mekaar
byvoeglike verbind, lyk die teks soos ’n
geïdentifiseer naamwoord herken en korrek benoem woordweb.

In ’n teks met plagiaat kan ’n

dosent gewoonlik die bron
waaruit die student steel,
identifiseer deur die verskil in
identifiseer werkwoord herken en sê wat dit is sinskonstruksie en formulering.

Nuwe toetse is ontwikkel om

mense met skisofrenie te
identifiseer werkwoord herken en benoem identifiseer.

’n Strategiese leser weet waar

die tematiese sleutelwoorde in ’n
teks gevind kan word en kan
hulle dus redelik vinnig
identifiseer werkwoord vind en herken identifiseer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Terroristegroepe se optrede is
gewoonlik ideologies gedrewe,
byvoeglike omdat hul ideologiese sienings
naamwoord, alles wat hulle dink en doen
ideologies bywoord met betrekking tot ’n ideologie oorheers.

Die mite van romanse is gebaseer

’n stelsel van verwante idees, op die ideologie van patriargie
gewoonlik van ’n politieke of waardeur die man die beskermer
ideologie naamwoord ekonomiese stelsel en agtervolger van die vrou is.

’n stel geïdealiseerde idees wat

die basis vorm van ’n politieke, Die ideologie van Kommunisme
ekonomiese of godsdienstige en het sedert die val van die
dikwels lei tot aannames en Berlynse Muur in gewildheid
ideologie naamwoord onversetlike optrede afgeneem.

spesifieke eienskappe,
temperament, denkwyse of My kamermaat se
gemoedstoestand eie aan ’n eienaardighede kry my regtig
eienaardigheid naamwoord individu onder.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

My kamermaat se idiosinkratiese
voorkeur vir tamaties om 03:00,
haar onverklaarbare vrees vir
sandale en haar liefdevolle
toewyding aan harige
spinnekoppe wat sy onder haar
byvoeglike bed in ’n glaspot versamel, het
naamwoord, (eienaardige) kenmerk van my laat besluit om ander
idiosinkraties bywoord iemand of iets huisvesting te soek.

Haar ongevoelige houding

teenoor genderkwessies is te
onkunde naamwoord gebrek aan kennis of opvoeding wyte aan onkunde.
Die dosent het die wiskundige Die dosent het die
belig werkwoord probleem belig. wiskundeprobleem belig.

Die verhale wat onder hierdie

hoofartikel geplaas word,
verduidelik deur spesifieke illustreer 'n paar onlangse
illustreer werkwoord voorbeelde te gee prestasies op hierdie gebied.

In hierdie kookgids word die

illustreer werkwoord van prente voorsien metode met prente geïllustreer.

Die suksesvolle student werk

altyd met geïllustreerde stellings
byvoeglike met betrekking tot illustrasies, sodat sy dosent begryp wat sy
geïllustreer naamwoord verduidelikings en toeligtings konsepte beteken.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

prent of voorbeeld wat dit Die soldaat wat sy gewonde

makliker maak om iets te makker deur ’n koeëlreën sleep,
illustrasie naamwoord verstaan is ’n illustrasie van menslikheid.

die algemene indruk wat ’n ’n Belangrike deel van die sukses

persoon, organisasie of produk van ’n onderneming is die beeld
beeld naamwoord by die publiek wek wat dit het.

Wanneer ’n akademiese teks

gelees word, moet ’n student ’n
’n innerlike voorstelling van innerlike beeld van die betekenis
beeld naamwoord iemand of iets opbou.

My persoonlike voorstelling van

’n geestelike beeld van iemand vrede is ’n landskap van heuwels,
voorstelling naamwoord of iets sonder mense.

Die denkbeeldige werklikheid van

mense toon dikwels geen
byvoeglike verband met die werklike
denkbeeldig naamwoord wat in die verbeelding bestaan toedrag van sake nie.

Daar is baie dinge omtrent die

prent om nie van te hou nie,
veral die gebrek aan moeite om
iets oorspronkliks of
byvoeglike verbeeldingryk met die tema te
verbeeldingryk naamwoord vol planne en idees doen.
jou iemand of iets innerlik Ek verbeel my ’n landskap van
verbeel werkwoord voorstel heuwels sonder mense.

Hy kan terug na Afrika

van ’n ander land kom om jou in immigreer, om in SA te woon en
immigreer werkwoord hierdie land te vestig werk.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die besering kan hierdie seisoen

die uitwerking of invloed wat ’n aansienlike impak hê op sy
impak naamwoord iets op iets anders het vertoning in rugby.

die uitwerking of invloed wat Die staking het ’n groot impak op

impak naamwoord iets op iets anders het dienslewering gehad.

Die verhoging van die tolgeld sal

’n negatiewe uitwerking hê op
uitwerking naamwoord ’n invloed hê op ekonomiese groei in die streek.

Die regering het die nuwe

gelykheidswette
implementeer werkwoord in praktyk toepas geïmplementeer.

Die regering het nie die

aanbevelings van die kommissie
uitvoer werkwoord in praktyk toepas uitgevoer nie.

Die projek wat die

ingenieurstudent beplan, is
byvoeglike skaars implementeerbaar en hy
implementeerbaar naamwoord wat toegepas kan word sal dit moet herontwerp.

die toepassing van iets op ’n Die dosent word deur ’n assistent

manier wat in lyn is met die doel bygestaan in die uitvoering van
uitvoering naamwoord of ontwerp daarvan sy pligte.

wys of suggereer dat iemand

betrokke is by iets sleg, soos ’n Polisieverklarings het hom by die
betrek werkwoord misdaad roof betrek.

Bill was verontwaardig oor die

betekenis of gedagte wat nie implikasie dat hy die geld gesteel
direk in woorde uitgedruk word het bloot omdat hy baie kontant
implikasie naamwoord nie in sy sak gehad het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Verbruikersprysstyging is
byvoeglike gesuggereer of verstaan sonder implisiet in die opheffing van
implisiet naamwoord dat dit direk gesê word elektrisiteitsubsidies.

Die implisiete betekenis van die

byvoeglike beeld BEITELPUNT VAN DIE
naamwoord, RIVIER is dat die water die oewer
implisiet bywoord iets wat indirek gesê word geleidelik wegkalwe.

Dit lyk asof sy stilswye impliseer

impliseer werkwoord indirek uitdruk of stel dat hy met die besluit saamstem.

Sosialisering impliseer dat die

op iets dui as ’n logiese resultaat name en gesigte van die meeste
impliseer werkwoord van iets anders mense onthou kan word.

In akademiese konteks is dit

onvanpas om jou bedoeling te
suggereer, want jou hoorder en
iets te kenne gee sonder om dit leser wil presies weet wat die
suggereer werkwoord direk te sê doel van jou argument is.

’n item of goedere wat vanuit ’n

ander land na ’n land gebring Die invoere word van Durban na
invoer naamwoord word Johannesburg vervoer.

die proses om goedere vanuit ’n Die invoer van dwelms is

invoer naamwoord ander land na ’n land te bring onwettig.

goedere, dienste of idees na ’n Suid-Afrika voer olie uit Amerika

invoer werkwoord land bring vanuit ’n ander land in.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Einstein se relatiwiteitsteorie was

en is steeds van groot belang vir
die eienskap van belangrik te wetenskaplikes wat die kosmos
belang naamwoord wees probeer verstaan.
dwing om op ’n sekere manier Hy probeer sy menings op die
afdwing werkwoord op te tree studente afdwing.

klem op iets lê om iemand die Die dosent het die gevolge van
belangrikheid daarvan te laat plagiaat by die studente
benadruk werkwoord verstaan benadruk.

Sommige adolessente
eksperimenteer met dwelms
byvoeglike omdat hulle maklik
beïnvloedbaar naamwoord wat maklik beïnvloed word beïnvloedbaar is.
Hy onderdruk die impuls om die
impuls naamwoord instinktiewe drang of behoefte hele verhaal te vertel.

Sonder salarisverhogings is daar

iets wat ’n persoon aanmoedig min aansporing om harder te
aansporing naamwoord om iets te doen werk.

Die aanhoudende en intense

geraas van harde musiek kan
byvoeglike permanente gehoorverlies
aanhoudend naamwoord wat nie ophou nie veroorsaak.

die aantal kere wat iets –

gewoonlik onaangenaams – Daar was ’n hoë voorkoms van
voorkoms naamwoord gebeur misdaad op die kampus.

Die persoon met ’n positiewe

’n natuurlike neiging of ingesteldheid sal uiteindelik
ingesteldheid naamwoord ingesteldheid jeens iets suksesvol wees.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy is geneig om alle
byvoeglike teenargumente as dwalings af te
geneig naamwoord fisies of geestelik tot iets neig maak.
finansiële wins oor ’n bepaalde Verlede jaar het sy totale
inkomste naamwoord tydperk inkomste R170 000 beloop.

onmoontlikheid om twee
teorieë, opinies of lewensienings Feyerabend was van mening dat
met mekaar te vergelyk omdat die keuse tussen verskillende
daar geen gemeenskaplike wetenskaplike sienings deur die
raamwerk of verwysingskader is onvergelykbaarheid van
wat as basis vir die vergelyking wetenskaplike teorieë bemoeilik
onvergelykbaarheid naamwoord kan dien nie word.

Protestantisme en Dadaïsme is
onvergelykbaar, want daar is
byvoeglike geen maatstaf waarteen die
onvergelykbaar naamwoord onmoontlik om te vergelyk vergelyking kan plaasvind nie.

Van verlede jaar af word alle

saamvoeg of saamsmelt met iets bonusse by werknemers se
insluit werkwoord wat reeds bestaan maandelikse salarisse ingesluit.

Probeer jou eie oorspronklike

inkorporeer werkwoord iets as deel van ’n geheel insluit siening in jou opstel inkorporeer.

Die inkorporering van jou eie

die proses van van iets by iets siening het die standaard van jou
inkorporering naamwoord anders te voeg of in te lyf opstel aansienlik verhoog.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die toename in
ongedissiplineerde openbare
toename naamwoord groei in grootte of hoeveelheid gedrag is ontstellend.

Die aantal onvoorbereide

jongmense wat die arbeidsmark
om in grootte of hoeveelheid te wil betree, neem voortdurend
toeneem werkwoord groei toe.

byvoeglike wat groei in grootte of Ek is geskok oor die toenemende

toenemend naamwoord hoeveelheid geweld op die kampus.

Die kollege het hoë koste

koste moet betaal of aangegaan om twee nuwe
terugbetaal as gevolg van jou rekenaarlaboratoriums te bou en
aangaan werkwoord eie optrede toe te rus.

Strategiese lesers kan in die

indeks van ’n boek na
sleutelwoorde soek om te sien of
alfabetiese lys name of die boek inligting bevat oor die
indeks naamwoord onderwerpe agter in ’n boek onderwerp wat hulle navors.

Die assistent help die skrywer om

sleutelwoorde, name en die belangrikste sleutelwoorde te
onderwerpe in ’n alfabetiese lys indekseer vir opname in ’n nuwe
indekseer werkwoord agter in ’n boek opneem handboek oor stadsbeplanning.

Ek het na die term gesoek in die

’n lys name of onderwerpe in alfabetiese indeks agter in die
register naamwoord alfabetiese volgorde boek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n lys opstel van name of Die skrywer het sy boek

onderwerpe in alfabetiese geïndekseer om inligting makliker
indekseer werkwoord volgorde vindbaar te maak.

Die student se goed

byvoeglike geïndekseerde skripsie het die
geïndekseer naamwoord van ’n indeks voorsien studieleier beïndruk.

Studente moet in hul akademiese

opstelle hul bronne tussen hakies
aandui werkwoord iets noem aandui.

Die onderwyser het die ligging

die aandag op ’n plek, rigting, van die katedraal op die kaart
aandui werkwoord persoon of ding vestig aangedui.
iets indirek stel, noem of Hy het aangedui dat hy met die
aandui werkwoord suggereer besluit tevrede was.

Die aangeduide bronne help die

byvoeglike dosent om die bronnelys maklik
aangedui naamwoord wat genoem is na te gaan.

Die aanduiding van bronne

tussen hakies is noodsaaklik in ’n
aanduiding naamwoord dit wat genoem is akademiese opstel.

wat op ’n spesifieke plek

byvoeglike ontstaan het of natuurlik daar Die kremetart is inheems in Suid-
inheems naamwoord voorkom Afrika.

byvoeglike unieke kenmerk van iets of Die skrywer het ’n eiesoortige

eiesoortig naamwoord iemand skryfstyl.

Hulle het ’n beroep op individue

individu naamwoord ’n enkele persoon gedoen om bloed te skenk.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die mens wie se analitiese en

holistiese denke, sintuie,
gevoelens en intuïsie ’n geheel
vorm, is sielkundig gesien ’n
individu naamwoord geïntegreerde mens individu.

Dis vir mense dikwels moeilik om

hulle belange as individue
teenoor die belange van die
individu naamwoord ’n spesifieke persoon samelewing te handhaaf.

Individuele onderhoude is met

die respondente gevoer om te
verseker dat hul portuurgenote
byvoeglike wat afsonderlik eerder as deel se menings nie hul antwoorde
individueel naamwoord van ’n groep beskou word beïnvloed nie.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, van, wat betrekking het op, of ’n Student met leerprobleme kan
afsonderlik bywoord eie is aan ’n bepaalde individu afsonderlike hulp kry.

In suksesvolle groepwerk moet

daar ’n gesonde balans wees
tussen groeplede se
individualisme en hul
individualisme naamwoord verskynsel van selfstandigheid samewerkingsvaardighede.

Die pianis se individualistiese

optrede het die gehoor verbaas,
byvoeglike want niemand het Chopin
naamwoord, voorheen so individualisties
individualisties bywoord gekenmerk deur individualiteit geïnterpreteer nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die maak van gaatjies in dele van

die lyf en gesig is ’n kosmetiese
geheel van eienskappe en neiging in navolging van die
hoedanighede wat kenmerkend mode en om individualiteit uit te
individualiteit naamwoord is van ’n bepaalde individu druk.

Die uitdrukking – die langste man

jou denkprosesse, sintuie, in Engeland – kan geen persoon
intuïsie en emosies stelselmatig individueer as die klas langste
integreer, in wese ’n onbewuste mans in Engeland toevallig meer
individueer werkwoord proses as een lid het nie.
Daar is bevind dat die middel
veroorsaak werkwoord iets laat gebeur angs veroorsaak.

’n Voorbeeld van induksie in

logika is: Elke keer as jy
proses van redenering vanaf ’n grondboontjies eet, nies jy,
spesifieke voorbeeld na die daarom moet jy allergies vir
induksie naamwoord algemene beginsel grondboontjies wees.

Ons dosent werk induktief: Hy

gee eers voorbeelde binne die
byvoeglike konteks van sy lesing, waaruit
naamwoord, wat van die spesifieke na die ons dan die algemene beginsels
induktief bywoord algemene argumenteer moet aflei.

byvoeglike wat nie vermy of voorkom kan Veroudering en dood is

onafwendbaar naamwoord word nie onafwendbaar by mense.

Uit hierdie feite kan ’n mens aflei

aflei werkwoord deur redenasie aflei dat die maatskappy wins maak.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sommige mense dink dat

byvoeglike van minder of geringer waarde, staatskole minderwaardig is in
minderwaardig naamwoord gehalte, stand of belang vergelyking met privaat skole.

die belangrikheid van iets

oordryf of iets indrukwekkender Die pers het veiligheidskwessies
opblaas werkwoord laat lyk as wat dit werklik is opgeblaas.

Die student se dwelmgebruik

beïnvloed werkwoord ’n uitwerking hê op beïnvloed sy prestasie negatief.

Sielkundiges sien toenemend die

negatiewe uitwerking van
die effek of invloed wat iets op dwelmmisbruik op studente se
uitwerking naamwoord iets anders het akademiese sukses.

Die negatiewe invloed van

die uitwerking wat iets op iets dwelms op adolessente kan nie
invloed naamwoord anders het ontken word nie.

Sy het die effek van

die uitwerking wat iets op iets dwelmmisbruik op akademiese
effek naamwoord anders het prestasie bestudeer.

Die ryk kapitalis is baie

invloedryk, want almal luister
byvoeglike aandagtig na sy invloedryke
invloedryk naamwoord wat invloed of gewig dra voorstelle om armoede te verlig.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die navorsing het getoon hoe

inheemse kennisstelsels
vorm werkwoord ’n belangrike invloed op iets hê teoriebou in die veld gevorm het.

feite verskaf wat nie voorheen Sy het die polisie oor die rooftog
inlig werkwoord aan iemand bekend was nie ingelig.

Dit is goeie maniere om jou

feite verskaf wat nie voorheen dosent vooraf in te lig as jy nie sy
inlig werkwoord aan iemand bekend was nie lesing kan bywoon nie.

Jy moet feitelike inligting in jou

feite wat nie voorheen aan opdrag insluit om jou stellings te
inligting naamwoord iemand bekend was nie ondersteun.

Hy sal op die amptelike uitslae

byvoeglike gebaseer op feite en inligting tot wag ten einde ingeligte
ingelig naamwoord jou beskikking kommentaar te kan lewer.

Meer geld is nodig om die

die basiese komponente van ’n verkrummelende infrastruktuur
infrastruktuur naamwoord stelsel of organisasie in Suid-Afrika te red.

Elkeen het inherente

waardigheid en die reg dat hul
byvoeglike wat as ’n wesenlike bestanddeel waardigheid respekteer en
inherent naamwoord of eienskap bestaan beskerm word.
voorkom dat iets gebeur of dit Vinnige inflasie inhibeer
inhibeer werkwoord stadiger laat gebeur. ekonomiese groei.

byvoeglike Die aanvanklike stadia van die

aanvanklik naamwoord wat aan die begin plaasvind siekte is sonder simptome.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die aanvanklike bedoeling was

om die aansteeklikheid van die
virus te beklemtoon, maar
mettertyd is bewustheid ook
byvoeglike gekweek van maatreëls om
aanvanklik naamwoord wat aan die begin plaasvind infeksie te voorkom.

Sy stel voor om besprekings oor

aan die gang te sit, iets begin of die beplanning van die
begin werkwoord die weg vir iets voorberei geleentheid te begin.

Ekstroverte begin ’n gesprek

makliker as introverte wat beter
begin werkwoord aan die gang (laat) kom luister.

Die universiteit stel ondersoek in

na die bewerings van bedrog
instel werkwoord begin of aan die gang sit teen die administrasie.

Peter se vaardig geïnisieerde

gesprek het gelei tot vrugbare
byvoeglike gesprekke tussen mense wat
geïnisieer naamwoord wat ’n proses begin het vantevore nooit wou praat nie.

Ek is verstom oor Pieter se

vaardige inisiëring van
gesprekvoering tussen mense
wat voorheen nooit met mekaar
inisiëring naamwoord proses om iets te begin wou praat nie.

Die instelling van ’n ondersoek na

proses van iets aan die gang sit bewerings van bedrog aan die
instelling naamwoord of ’n gebeurtenis te laat begin universiteit is verwelkom.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Iemand met inisiatief pak met

inisiatief naamwoord onafhanklike optrede gemak nuwe uitdagings aan.

byvoeglike wat ’n natuurlike deel van iets Elke mens het ’n ingebore morele
ingebore naamwoord uitmaak kompas.
iets nuuts in ’n omgewing Die maatskappy se sukses lê in sy
innoveer werkwoord inbring vermoë om te innoveer.

Die ondernemings wat suksesvol

’n nuwe idee bekend stel of ’n innoveer, sal voortdurend ’n stap
innoveer werkwoord nuwigheid of nuwighede invoer voor die kompetisie bly.

Die tegnologiese innovasies van

innovasie naamwoord ’n nuut bekendgestelde idee ons tyd maak die lewe makliker.

Die vernuwing in die denke oor

literêre kunswerke is tot ’n groot
mate deur ekokritiek
vernuwing naamwoord ’n nuut bekendgestelde idee bewerkstellig.

Ekokritiek het bygedra tot ’n

byvoeglike oorspronklike/gevorderde idee nuwe, innoverende fokus op
innoverend naamwoord of produk literêre kunswerke.
Die student moet verwysings in
invoeg werkwoord by iets anders invoeg of byvoeg haar opstel invoeg.

Die benadering het waardevolle

duidelike of diep persepsie van insigte in die probleem
insig naamwoord ’n situasie opgelewer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Vakkennis is van kardinale belang

vir PhD-studies, maar die
deurslaggewende faktor is dat
duidelike of diep persepsie van doktorale studente insig in hul
insig naamwoord ’n situasie vakgebied het.
die vermoë om iemand of iets te Sy het ’n verstommende insig vir
insig naamwoord verstaan so ’n jong kind.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, wat diep begrip van ’n situasie
insiggewend bywoord demonstreer Dit was ’n insiggewende ervaring.

Hulle vereis as ’n finale

kontrolepunt dat die struktuur ná
konstruksie deur die
deeglik kyk na of deeglik ontwerpingenieur geïnspekteer
inspekteer werkwoord ondersoek word.

In ’n aantal gevalle was die

kwaliteit van die opname te swak
geval naamwoord ’n spesifieke voorbeeld of geval vir transkripsie.

’n natuurlike neiging of vermoë Diere se instink is om weg te

om op ’n sekere manier op te hardloop as hulle voor gevaar te
instink naamwoord tree of te reageer staan kom.
’n vereniging of organisasie met My suster werk vir die Afrika-
instituut naamwoord ’n spesiale doel kunsinstituut.

Die universiteit het nuwe beleid

ingestel om die veiligheid van
’n nuwe proses begin, of ’n studente op die kampus te
instel werkwoord nuwe beleid of stelsel in plek kry verhoog.

Deelnemers is aangesê om in
elke geval die regte antwoord te
aansê werkwoord formeel inlig of versoek omkring.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
vaardighede of kennis oordra Hy het my geleer om motor te
leer werkwoord aan bestuur.

Die instruksies in die

gebruikershandleiding van die
uitvoerige inligting oor hoe om klankstelsel was heeltemal
instruksie naamwoord iets te doen onbegryplik.

Daar is bewys dat leerders

die handeling van iemand iets te voordeel trek uit formele
onderrig naamwoord leer onderrig.

Elk van die vyf hoofstukke vorm

’n integrale deel van die boek en
byvoeglike ’n volledige of onafhanklike deel kan nie los van die ander gelees
integraal naamwoord van iets word nie.

In 1029 is die niemandsland

eindelik by Boheme ingelyf, en so
byvoeglike wat ’n wesenlike onderdeel of het dit ’n integrale deel van die
integraal naamwoord kenmerk van iets vorm Duitse Ryk geword.

Gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid aan
die universiteit is volledig
geïntegreer in navorsing aan die
’n geheel of deel van ’n geheel een kant en onderrig en leer aan
integreer werkwoord maak die ander kant.

Om die sienings van verskillende

skrywers in een samehangende
teks te integreer, is ’n groot
integreer werkwoord tot ’n geheel maak akademiese uitdaging.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Dosent wat die opdrag van ’n

student lees, moet vasstel of die
sienings van verskillende
skrywers werklik ’n
geïntegreerde geheel vorm binne
byvoeglike gekoördineer of met mekaar die tematiese gedagtegang van
geïntegreer naamwoord verbind die student.

Die integrering van verskillende

skrywers se sienings in een
samehangende teks waarin alles
proses waardeur dele tot ’n ’n nuwe geheel vorm, is ’n groot
integrering naamwoord geheel saamgevoeg word uitdaging vir eerstejaarstudente.

Wat ons nodig het is ’n leier met

die eienskap van eerlik te wees hoë morele en professionele
integriteit naamwoord en sterk morele beginsels te hê integriteit.

die toestand van heel en nie Sonder die dramatiese musiek

integriteit naamwoord verdeel te wees nie verloor die stuk sy integriteit.

die krag en vermoë van die Die intellek is nie die belangrikste
verstand om logies te redeneer aspek van ’n persoon se
intellek naamwoord en te dink persoonlikheid nie.

geheel van die mens se

verstandelike en geestelike Ek verstom my aan my oom se
intellek naamwoord vermoëns intellek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

My oom is baie intellektueel en

byvoeglike wat met ’n hoogs ontwikkelde kan oor verskillende onderwerpe
intellektueel naamwoord intellek verband hou intellektuele gesprekke voer.

Dis verstommend hoe sommige

onderwysers ’n kind se swak
gedrag kan intellektualiseer
sonder om ’n oomblik aan die
sielkundige oorsake daarvan te
intellektualiseer werkwoord iets intellektueel maak dink.

siening wat die funksie van die Intellektualisme ontken die

intellek oorskat deur dit bo alle waarde van integrasie tussen
ander menslike vermoëns uit te intellek, emosie, sensualiteit en
lig as die enigste maatstaf vir die intuïsie vir ’n meer geïntegreerde
intellektualisme naamwoord verstaan van die werklikheid persepsie van die werklikheid.

Sommige onderwysers se
intellektualistiese hantering van
byvoeglike probleemkinders getuig van ’n
naamwoord, met betrekking tot gebrek aan insig in die menslike
intellektualisties bywoord intellektualisme psige.

byvoeglike met ’n goeie vermoë om te dink Sy is intelligent en het altyd die

intelligent naamwoord en verstaan hele prentjie in perspektief.

Kykers sien uit na verstaanbare

byvoeglike programme wat op die hele gesin
verstaanbaar naamwoord wat verstaan kan word gerig is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Jan het bedoel om die hele nag

te studeer, maar die koms van sy
vriendin het ’n einde gemaak aan
bedoel werkwoord ’n plan of doel voor oë hê sy goeie bedoelings.

Ek is van plan om my
navorsingsvoorstel teen die
plan naamwoord ’n plan of doel voor oë hê einde van die maand klaar te hê.

Die dosent se raad om die

maklike vrae eerste te
byvoeglike beantwoord, was regtig goed
bedoel naamwoord as doel of voorneme hê bedoel.

Die slagoffers van die bomaanval

byvoeglike het intense emosies ervaar, soos
intens naamwoord uiters skerp of gefokus vrees, woede en wanhoop.

Jan se bedoeling was om die hele

nag te studeer, maar die koms
van sy vriendin het ’n einde
bedoeling naamwoord wat jy beplan om te doen gemaak aan sy goeie bedoelings.

Hy het sy voorneme aangekondig

om vir die pos van
departementshoof aansoek te
voorneme naamwoord wat jy beplan om te doen doen.

Sielkundiges bestudeer die

manier waarop mense met
omgaan werkwoord iets saam met ander doen mekaar omgaan.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Mens se longe en
bloedsomloopstelsel werk saam
om suurstof in die bloed te
saamwerk werkwoord in wisselwerking wees filtreer.

Die interaksie tussen dosent en

student kan slegs produktief
kommunikasie deur wees as albei partye bereid is om
interaksie naamwoord wisselwerking insette te lewer.

byvoeglike Ek hou baie van interaktiewe

interaktief naamwoord tweerigtingvloei moontlik maak lesings.

Sy het haar loopbaan as skrywer

hervat na ’n verposing van vier
verposing naamwoord tyd tussen twee gebeure jaar.

ongeveer in die middel van ’n

byvoeglike skaal wat tyd, plekke of dinge Die leerders neem Engels op
intermediêr naamwoord voorstel intermediêre vlak.

byvoeglike Die pasiënt is dood as gevolg van

inwendig naamwoord geleë aan die binnekant of binne inwendige bloeding.
sin maak van of ’n betekenis Die leerder kon die moeilike
interpreteer werkwoord toeken aan vraag nie interpreteer nie.

Hoe lesers ’n teks interpreteer,

word bepaal deur hul
die betekenis van (’n teks) leesvermoë, perspektief en
interpreteer werkwoord duidelik maak agtergrond.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sonder die strategieë om ’n

akademiese artikel te lees, kan jy
die inligting in gesproke of die skrywer se bedoeling maklik
interpreteer werkwoord geskrewe taal begryp verkeerd interpreteer.

Die tolk moes tolk vir die

gesproke taal onmiddellik in ’n beskuldigde wat nie Engels
tolk werkwoord ander taal vertaal verstaan nie.

begrip van gebeure, mense en Mense se interpretasie van die

geskrewe tekste, beïnvloed deur spotprent hang grootliks af van
agtergrond, perspektief en hulle politieke en godsdienstige
interpretasie naamwoord ervaring oortuigings.

die begrip van inligting in My interpretasie van die artikel

interpretasie naamwoord gesproke of geskrewe taal se inhoud verskil van joune.

Skrywers moet onthou dat hul

vertelling oor ’n gebeurtenis nie
noodwendig die werklikheid
weerspieël nie, maar slegs hul
byvoeglike geïnterpreteerde weergawe van
geïnterpreteer naamwoord met betrekking tot interpretasie die gebeurtenis is.

Droogte en hongersnood hou

verbind werkwoord onderling verbonde wees onderling met mekaar verband.

Die studente het ná ’n

onderbreking van vier weke na
onderbreking naamwoord ’n tydperk tussen twee gebeure die universiteit teruggekeer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

betrokke raak ten einde ’n

gebeurtenis anders te laat Regerings meng nie dikwels in
inmeng werkwoord verloop of dit stop te sit godsdienssake in nie.

gesprek tussen twee mense

waartydens die een inligting van Ek het vir ’n onderhoud gegaan
onderhoud naamwoord die ander verkry en die werk gekry.
Sy is oor die radio oor haar
uitvra werkwoord ’n onderhoud (met iemand) voer ontdekking uitgevra.

byvoeglike tot die werklike aard van iets Een van die intrinsieke kenmerke
intrinsiek naamwoord behoort van glas is die glans daarvan.

Die pas ingestelde regulasies in

byvoeglike die koshuis het die studente
ingestel naamwoord iets wat bekend gemaak is omgekrap.

die verstaan van ’n situasie

sonder om doelbewus daaraan Haar intuïsie het haar laat besef
intuïsie naamwoord te dink dat die situasie gevaarlik was.

As jy skielik insig kry in iets

waaroor jy nie noodwendig
direkte of onmiddellike begrip feitelike inligting het nie, is dit
van ’n saak, sonder redenering, waarskynlik jou intuïsie wat aan
intuïsie naamwoord asof vanself die werk is.

Die moderne mens het sy

intuïtiewe manier van die wêreld
byvoeglike ervaar grotendeels verloor weens
naamwoord, die oorbeklemtoning van
intuïtief bywoord wat op intuïsie reageer analitiese denke.

byvoeglike met ’n teenoorgestelde Vermenigvuldiging en deling is

omgekeer naamwoord uitwerking omgekeerde bewerkings.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die navorsingspan het die

invloed van temperatuur
iets ontdek en ondersoek om ondersoek op die tyd wat nodig
ondersoek werkwoord die waarheid daaroor uit te vind is vir beton om hard te word.

Die ondersoekende aard van jou

byvoeglike wat verband hou met ’n werk vereis dat jy deeglik aandag
ondersoekend naamwoord ondersoek gee.

as rede gebruik of verstrek om Die politikus het haar op

iets wat jy sê of doen te geskiedkundige gebeure beroep
beroep werkwoord ondersteun om haar argument te steun.

(iets of iemand) as ’n Om ’n student te wees behels

behels werkwoord noodsaaklike deel insluit harde werk en toewyding.

Dit is ironies om ekonomiese

byvoeglike groei te prys, terwyl dit vir mense
ironies naamwoord gekenmerk deur ironie op straat niks beteken nie.

Toe sy uit die eksamenlokaal

stap, ironiseer sy die moeilike
vraestel met die woorde: Was dit
ironiseer werkwoord bespot deur ironie te gebruik nie nou kinderspeletjies nie!

woordgebruik of stylfiguur wat

die teenoorgestelde sê van wat
bedoel word, of kontras tussen Die ironie is dat die reuse-
wat verwag word en wat werklik stoeikampioen se naam Kleintjie
ironie naamwoord gebeur is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die dokters het die persoon met

die aansteeklike siekte geïsoleer
sodat die infeksie nie versprei
isoleer werkwoord eenkant plaas of afsonder nie.

byvoeglike Die getal uitreikbare kaartjies vir

uitreikbaar naamwoord wat uitgereik kan word die komende vertoning is beperk.

Die kwessie van misbruik van

hospitaalfondse is geopper in ’n
’n onderwerp vir bespreking of openbare debat oor
kwessie naamwoord debat gesondheidsorg.

Die artikel oor besproeiing in die

Wes-Kaap verskyn in die nuutste
uitgawe naamwoord een in ’n reeks tydskrifte uitgawe van die tydskrif.

Kampusbeamptes reik baie gou

verkeerskaartjies uit aan
studente wat op dosente se
uitreik werkwoord iets gee of versprei plekke parkeer.

Om ’n addisionele uitgawe van

die akademiese tydskrif te laat
boek of tydskrif wat uitgegee verskyn, is nie ekonomies
uitgawe naamwoord word haalbaar nie.

’n belangrike onderwerp wat

mense bespreek of waaroor Die vraagstuk van armoede in die
vraagstuk naamwoord hulle nadink land moet aandag kry.

byvoeglike Die pas uitgereikte film gaan

uitgereik naamwoord in die openbare domein geplaas groot omstredenheid veroorsaak.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Woorde wat onderstreep is,

moet gekursiveer word wanneer
in skuins of kursiewe letters tik jy die manuskrip op jou rekenaar
kursiveer werkwoord of druk oortik.
In gedrukte teks staan die titels
kursief naamwoord letters wat skuins gedruk is van boeke in kursief.

Sy het haar persoonlike

’n daagliks geskrewe verslag van navorsingswaarnemings in ’n
joernaal naamwoord nuus, gebeure, aktiwiteite joernaal aangeteken.

’n Durbanse skoolmeisie het haar

stempel op die mediese wêreld
afgedruk deur die jongste
bydraer tot die internasionaal
’n tydskrif wat oor ’n besondere gerespekteerde South African
joernaal naamwoord onderwerp of beroep handel Medical Journal te word.

’n tydskrif wat oor ’n besondere Ek ontvang jaarliks vier uitgawes

tydskrif naamwoord onderwerp of beroep handel van die SA Tydskrif vir Chemie.

met betrekking tot die Ons het ’n geregtelike ondersoek

regstelsel, ’n geregshof of ingestel na die wanbestuur van
byvoeglike regters, of hul beslissings of fondse deur die direkteure van
geregtelik naamwoord uitsprake die maatskappy.

Haar argument bevat voldoende

regverdiging om haar luisteraars
regverdiging naamwoord verduideliking vir ’n stelling te oortuig.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die student verdedig sy

gebeure of jou eie of ander se aggressiewe gedrag teenoor sy
gedrag probeer versag deur dit dosente deur dit aan persoonlike
verdedig werkwoord met redes te probeer regverdig probleme toe te skryf.

Sy het haar metodologiese

keuses geregverdig deur
bewys dat iets reg is deur dit potensiële voordele vir die studie
regverdig werkwoord met bewyse te steun te bespreek.
Die digter jukstaponeer stilte en
jukstaponeer werkwoord dinge met mekaar kontrasteer geraas op ’n slim manier.

Die monsters is vaardig

twee kwessies langs mekaar gebeeldhou, alleen die koppe,
plaas om ooreenkomste of wat abstrakte en figuurlike
jukstaponeer werkwoord verskille uit te lig elemente jukstaponeer.

Die vreemde jukstaposisie van

die figure van die vader en die
twee konsepte of dinge wat seun in die beperkte ruimte van
langs mekaar geplaas word met die seilboot, laat ’n mens met
jukstaposisie naamwoord die doel om te kontrasteer groter aandag na die skildery kyk.

Hoewel sommige kulturele

tradisies laat vaar is, vorm ander
steeds ’n integrale deel van ons
daaglikse lewe, waar hulle
dikwels met mekaar en met
twee dinge wat langs mekaar moderne elemente saamsmelt
byvoeglike geplaas word met ’n om ’n boeiende jukstaposisie van
jukstaposisie naamwoord kontrasterende effek oud en nuut te bied.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Elke wetenskaplike moet die

bewus wees van iets of iets basiese beginsels van haar vak
ken werkwoord verstaan ken.

Die Griekse wysgeer Sokrates het

duisende jare gelede gesê dat
mense wat weet dat hulle nooit
alles kan weet nie, werklik
weet werkwoord van iets bewus wees verstandig is.

Die moontlikheid dat enigiemand

met die kundigheid mense kan
kloon, het gelei tot ’n
bekwaamheid wat sowel kennis internasionale verbod op
kundigheid naamwoord as vaardigheid insluit menslike kloning.

Om kennis te hê, beteken dat jy

vertroudheid met feite of feite oor iets korrek kan aanbied
kennis naamwoord situasies vir sover dit bewys kan word.

byvoeglike Ons moet ’n kundige persoon kry

kundig naamwoord goed ingelig of vaardig om die probleem op te los.

’n Mens sou verwag dat

kabinetsministers kundiges moet
’n persoon wat goed ingelig of wees rakende sake in hul
kundige naamwoord vaardig is departemente.

byvoeglike Die beskeie navorser is bekend

bekend naamwoord wat of waarvan mense weet vir haar briljante navorsing.

’n kort beskrywing wat gegee

word vir doeleindes van Die etiket op die bottel dui aan
etiket naamwoord identifikasie hoeveel tablette jy moet neem.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

woord wat deur mense gebruik Haar optrede dra die etiket van
word om ’n kenmerk van ’n ’n fyn beskaafde vrou, maar syne
etiket naamwoord persoon aan te dui dié van ’n boef.

aan iemand of iets ’n naam gee Sy het elke bottel met

of die persoon of ding kortliks chemikalieë in die laboratorium
etiketteer werkwoord beskryf noukeurig geëtiketteer.

Oor die wêreld heen bestempel

iemand deur middel van ’n mense hom as ’n leier met ware
bestempel werkwoord etiket beskryf integriteit.

In ’n vaste verhouding soos dié

van Timothy en Bianca praat
byvoeglike wat lank duur of ’n lang tyd paartjies met mekaar oor hul
vas naamwoord bestaan vrese.

om iets te begin, soos ’n Die sentrum het in Januarie sy

amptelike militêre of belangrike nuwe navorsingsprojek
bekendstel werkwoord openbare aktiwiteit bekendgestel.

enkele dikte van ’n stof wat oor Hulle moes die ou laag verf
’n oppervlak of tussen verwyder voordat hulle die kas
laag naamwoord oppervlakke lê blou kon verf.

een van die vlakke in ’n Daar is verskeie lae betekenis in

laag naamwoord organisasie, stel idees of stelsel sy skilderye.

Die Springbok-kaptein het sy

span deur ’n moeilike seisoen
lei werkwoord rigting gee gelei.

Die ekonomie moet herstel

die handeling van mense te lei onder ’n president wat sterk
leierskap naamwoord of te bestuur leierskap toon.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die president het ’n leidende rol

byvoeglike in die vredesonderhandelinge
leidend naamwoord wat leierskap toon gespeel.
Dwelmverslawing lei dikwels tot
lei tot woordgroep veroorsaak of tot gevolg hê kriminele gedrag.

’n lang praatjie oor ’n spesifieke

onderwerp hou voor ’n groep Die professor het die studente
mense, veral om studente aan ’n oor genetiese manipulasie
onderrig werkwoord universiteit te onderrig onderrig.

’n lang praatjie wat inligting oor

’n bepaalde onderwerp aan ’n
gehoor oordra, gewoonlik op Dit is interessant om te sien
universiteit of tydens ’n watter tegnieke sprekers gebruik
lesing naamwoord konferensie om hul lesings aan te bied.

byvoeglike ingestel deur of gegrond op ’n Die wettige ouderdomsperk vir

wettig naamwoord wet of amptelike reëls die drink van alkohol is 18 jaar.

byvoeglike Dit is belangrik om wetlike advies

wetlike naamwoord verbonde aan die reg te kry voordat jy trou.

Wetgewing is ingestel oor die

’n wet of stel wette wat deur die etikettering van geneties
wetgewing naamwoord parlement goedgekeur is gemanipuleerde voedsel.

Die verkoop van drank by jou

byvoeglike wat volgens die wet korrek en huis is nie ’n wettige besigheid
wettig naamwoord aanvaarbaar is. nie.

Lemmas word in alfabetiese

titelwoord of trefwoord in ’n volgorde in die woordeboek
lemma naamwoord naslaanwerk of woordeboek gelys.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Jy kan nie die figuurlike aard van

die letterkunde verstaan as jy
presies soos dit gesê of geskryf alles volgens die letter
letter naamwoord is interpreteer nie.

Die internasionale konferensie

oor nuwe ontwikkelings in die
kwantumfisika wat ek bygewoon
het, was op so ’n hoë vlak dat
baie van ons nie die referate kon
vlak naamwoord standaard of posisie op ’n skaal verstaan nie.

Dit is teleurstellend hoe

standaarde in onderwys en in
verskillende
tot dieselfde vlak of standaard diensleweringsektore in Suid-
vervlak woorddeel as iets anders verlaag word Afrika vervlak word.

handeling van iets op dieselfde Al hoe meer mense raak

vlak of peil as iets anders te bekommerd oor die afwaartse
bring deur skakerings en gelykmaking van standaarde in
nuanses weg te werk om Suid-Afrika se onderwys- en
gelykmaking naamwoord eenvormigheid te verkry munisipale diensleweringstelsels.

Studente moet hulself beperk tot

’n perk op die aantal of grootte die kernfeite van elke toetsvraag,
stel waar bo of waar onder iets anders sal hulle die toets nie kan
beperk werkwoord nie mag gaan nie voltooi nie.

Hy het sy liggaam tydens die

die grootste of kleinste aantal of marathon tot sy fisieke grense
grens naamwoord hoeveelheid wat toegelaat word gedruk.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die maatskappy het ’n beperking

’n beperking op wat iets kan gestel op die tyd wat ons het om
beperking naamwoord doen of hoe goed dit kan wees die projek te voltooi.

byvoeglike beperk in grootte, hoeveelheid Die tyd waarin ons die projek
beperk naamwoord of tyd moet voltooi, is beperk.

Wetenskaplike vooruitgang word

toestand van beperk te wees dikwels belemmer deur die
wat grootte, hoeveelheid of tyd beperktheid van ideologiese
beperktheid naamwoord betref sienings.

Alhoewel die skrywer se woorde

hiërargiese of chronologiese mekaar direk volg, moet ’n mens
uiteensetting van een punt na voortdurend teruglees om die lyn
lyn naamwoord die volgende van sy gedagtes te volg.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, wat in ’n reguit lyn gerangskik is Die skrywer se werk moet nie
lineêr bywoord of in logiese stappe vorder lineêr gelees word nie.

byvoeglike met betrekking tot taal of Die fokus in linguistiese tydskrifte

taalkundig naamwoord taalkunde is uiteraard taalkundig.

Die linguistiek fokus op

bestudering van die taalsisteem
in die algemeen, maar
verskillende onderafdelings van
studie van die taalsisteem of die taalkunde fokus op die
linguistiek naamwoord vertakkinge daarvan struktuur van spesifieke tale.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Voegwoord verbind twee

hoofsinne of ’n hoofsin en bysin
verbind werkwoord letterlik saamvoeg met mekaar.

die verhouding tussen dinge of Die verband tussen die hoofsin

situasies, veral waar daar ’n en die bysin word deur ’n
verband naamwoord logiese opeenvolging is voegwoord bewerkstellig.
’n lys maak deur dinge in ’n Lys die tien vernaamste oorsake
lys werkwoord spesifieke volgorde te plaas van armoede.

In regstaal word woorde

byvoeglike waaraan die basiese of gewone gewoonlik in hul letterlike
letterlik naamwoord betekenis gekoppel word betekenis gebruik.

Die geletterde persoon kan al die

letters van die alfabet in
byvoeglike verskillende kombinasies in
geletterd naamwoord wat kan lees en skryf woorde herken.

stylfiguur waardeur iets Wanneer my ouma vir my ’n

beklemtoon word deur dit te besondere duur geskenk gee,
verklein of versag, bv.: Ek hoop gebruik sy altyd litotes om die af
litotes naamwoord jy hou van die ou geskenkie te maak as iets nietigs.

deur ’n soektog of ondersoek Die werktuigkundige het die fout

opspoor werkwoord vasstel waar iets of iemand is in die motor se enjin opgespoor.

Fabrieke behoort ideaal gesproke

byvoeglike naby energiehulpbronne geleë te
geleë naamwoord in of op ’n spesifieke plek wees wees.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die logika agter die idee is amper

onmoontlik om te sien tensy jy
sinvolle redes vir die doen van die eerste drie hoofstukke gelees
logika naamwoord iets het.

Rekenaarwetenskapstudente
moet logika bestudeer om hul
wetenskap van die algemene redenasievaardighede vir
wette onderliggend aan juiste, gevorderde programmering te
logika naamwoord sistematiese denke verbeter.

redenering wat oorsaak en Die regter kon nie die logika sien
gevolg met mekaar in verband nie en het die advokaat gevra om
logika naamwoord bring sy betoog te verhelder.

Die verslag word op ’n

byvoeglike eenvoudige en logiese manier
logies naamwoord wat die reëls van logika volg aangebied.

byvoeglike ’n Logiese gedagtelyn verwoord

naamwoord, volgens die reëls van logika en nie noodwendig ’n geldige
logies bywoord argumentvoering siening nie.

relatiewe belangrikheid, grootte Niemand het die omvang van die

omvang naamwoord of omvang. omgewingsprobleem besef nie.

Sommige munisipaliteite in Suid-

Afrika sukkel om basiese
handhaaf werkwoord iets volhou of laat voortgaan munisipale dienste te handhaaf.

iets in ’n bepaalde toestand of Sy het dit moeilik gevind om ’n

plek hou of ’n bepaalde gesonde balans tussen studie en
handhaaf werkwoord aktiwiteit laat voortsit partytjie hou te handhaaf.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
daarop aandring dat iets die Hy hou steeds vol dat hy
volhou werkwoord waarheid is onskuldig is.

belangrike vak wat ’n student

aan ’n universiteit of kollege Ondernemingsbestuur was een
hoofvak naamwoord volg van haar hoofvakke.

byvoeglike Werkloosheid is ’n groot

groot naamwoord belangrik probleem in Suid-Afrika.

Die sigbare vorm van

byvoeglike lewerkanker is stelselmatige
sigbaar naamwoord wat duidelik gesien kan word verhongering.

Ware demokrasie manifesteer in

manifesteer werkwoord duidelik blyk gelyke regte vir almal.

Tetanus is een van die siektes

wat hom duidelik in die
openbaar werkwoord duidelik wys of vertoon senuweestelsel openbaar.

’n Mens sien die manifestasie van

simptoom van iets abstraks of demokrasie in gelyke regte vir
manifestasie naamwoord teoreties almal.

op ’n sluwe of slinkse manier Die kiesers word deur

manipuleer werkwoord beïnvloed of beheer partypropaganda gemanipuleer.

Die hyskraanbestuurder is ’n
kundige in die manipulering van
manipuleer werkwoord iets behendig beheer of hanteer die groot konstruksiekraan.

wat hoofsaaklik die hande of Sy werk in die konstruksiebedryf

hande- woorddeel fisieke krag gebruik behels hoofsaaklik handearbeid.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

As jy nie weet waar die

’n boek of pamflet wat jou vertel onderdele is of hoe hulle lyk nie,
handleiding naamwoord hoe om iets te doen kyk in jou handleiding.

Die monsters in die individuele

grens of perk van akkuraatheid metropolitaanse gebiede is klein
foutgrens naamwoord of betroubaarheid en die foutgrens is dus hoër.

Die lewe is moeilik vir mense

soos prostitute en bedelaars wat
’n groep wat nie by die op die rand van die samelewing
rand naamwoord hoofgroep ingesluit is nie woon.

Dosente skryf gewoonlik hul

die grenslyn of area onmiddellik terugvoer in die kantlyn van die
kantlyn naamwoord binne die grens geskrewe of gedrukte bladsy.

As jy lees om te studeer, is dit

nuttig om in die kantlyn
aantekeninge te maak oor feite
kantlyn naamwoord kantlyn van ’n bladsy waarvan jy dalk onseker is.

Xenofobie word dikwels ervaar

deur buitelanders wat op die
rand van informele buurte woon
rand naamwoord die kant of die grens van iets en werk.

Die laer besoldigde groepe is

deur die opkomende middelklas
marginaliseer werkwoord na ’n buitenste grens uitskuif gemarginaliseer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Karretjiemense is ’n
gemarginaliseerde groep omdat
wat verband hou met mense of boere hulle nie meer as
byvoeglike dinge wat behandel word asof skaapskeerders in diens neem
gemarginaliseer naamwoord hulle onbelangrik is nie.

punte of ’n simbool vir waarde Die dosent sien ons

nasien werkwoord of korrektheid toeken werkopdragte na.

Ek is trots op die uitstekende

’n getal of simbool wat prestasie punt wat ek vir my toets behaal
punt naamwoord aandui het.

Studente kan hul gemerkte

byvoeglike wat nagesien is en waarvoor opdragte by prof. Smith se
gemerk naamwoord punte gegee is sekretaresse afhaal.

Professor Anderson is bekend vir

die nagaan van toetse of sy streng nasien van
nasien naamwoord werkopdragte geologieopdragte.

Die data in jou verslag stem nie

ooreen met dié van jou kollega
ooreenstem werkwoord ooreenkom met nie.

Die filmregisseur het

geskiedkundige materiaal gebruik
inligting of idees wat in boeke, om haar film meer realisties te
materiaal naamwoord films, ens. gebruik word maak.

gekoppel aan fisiese voorwerpe Die kunstenaar benut die

byvoeglike of toestande in die fisiese materiële eienskappe van die
materieel naamwoord wêreld doek en die verf vaardig.

’n stof, situasie of omgewing Daar word gesê dat die matriks

waarin iets ontstaan, ontwikkel van alle lewe op aarde die
matriks naamwoord of vervat is oseaan is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die data word in ’n matriks

’n rangskikking van data in vertoon en dan mondelings
matriks naamwoord kolomme en rye bespreek.

Die kwessie van staatskorrupsie

’n situasie of onderwerp wat moet tot op die been oopgevlek
kwessie naamwoord hanteer word word.

Die raamwerk wat in die

fisiek, geestelik of emosioneel tagtigerjare ontwerp is, het
ontwikkel werkwoord vorder geleidelik ontwikkel.

As daar so baie van ’n soort

gevang word dat die volwasse
visse van daardie spesie nie kans
byvoeglike fisiek, geestelik en (of) kry om aan te teel nie, vind
volwasse naamwoord emosioneel redelik gevorderd oorontginning plaas.

Albei spanne het die afgelope tyd

gesukkel om wedstryde te wen
die grootste hoeveelheid en hulle sal desperaat wees om
byvoeglike moontlik wat toegelaat of vereis die maksimum punte in hierdie
maksimum naamwoord word wedstryd in te palm.

die grootste hoeveelheid Die universiteit laat ’n maksimum

moontlik wat toegelaat of vereis van 16 000 nuwe eerstejaars per
maksimum naamwoord word jaar toe.

As ’n student sy gedagtes
duidelik in ’n toetsantwoord
uiteensit, sal sy dosent verstaan
bedoel werkwoord die doel of bedoeling hê wat hy bedoel.
Wat beteken dit om regtig arm te
beteken werkwoord neerkom op wees?
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Einstein se relatiwiteitsteorie
beteken nog baie vir die
beteken werkwoord van bepaalde belang wees hedendaagse kosmoloë.

Ek meen, hoe kan jy ’n wedstryd

verloor as jy ’n ekstra speler tot
meen werkwoord ’n idee uitspreek of verwoord jou voordeel het?

Die betekenis agter sy woorde is

wat met ’n woord, teks of nie so eenvoudig soos dit mag lyk
betekenis naamwoord handeling bedoel word nie.

Elke student moet die betekenis

van sekere woorde in haar
vakgebied ken en ook besef dat
wat met ’n bepaalde woord, sulke woorde in gewone taal
betekenis naamwoord teks, konsep, ens. bedoel word dikwels iets anders kan beteken.

Iemand wat gereeld lees,

wat ’n woord of handeling verstaan die letterlike en
betekenis naamwoord beteken figuurlike betekenis van woorde.

Die dosent moedig

byvoeglike betekenisvolle bydraes aan
betekenisvol naamwoord met ’n doel of betekenis tydens lesings.

Ons ekonomiedosent moedig

byvoeglike altyd sinvolle kommentaar van
sinvol naamwoord met ’n doel of betekenis studente tydens sy lesings aan.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Janet betwyfel die sinvolheid van

’n vierde kwalifikasie, aangesien
haar drie grade haar ’n baie
bevredigende werk gee wat sy sal
verloor as sy vir ’n ander graad
sinvolheid naamwoord die doel of betekenis van iets inskryf.

’n Spesiale meganisme in die

inlaatstelsel sorg dat die enjin die
toestel wat uit ’n stuk masjinerie beste verrigting op alle hoogtes
meganisme naamwoord bestaan bo seevlak lewer.

die numeriese waarde wat die Die vyf studente in die klas het
boonste helfte van die onderste onderskeidelik ’n persentasie van
helfte van ’n steekproef of 34, 56, 57, 76 en 87, en die
mediaan naamwoord populasie skei mediaan is 57.

Sy het ussen haar twee kollegas

om tussen partye op te tree om bemiddel om die argument te
bemiddel werkwoord verskille te besleg beëindig.

Die twee advokate probeer ’n

dit moontlik maak dat iets kan skikking tussen die eiser en die
bemiddel werkwoord gebeur verweerder bemiddel.

Verskeie mense het tussen die

’n ooreenkoms of versoening mynwerkers en die bestuur
tussen botsende partye probeer probeer medieer om die
medieer werkwoord bewerkstellig salarisgeskil op te los.

Die bemiddelende pogings van

wat in ’n dispuut ingeryp en verskeie persone was
byvoeglike versoening probeer onsuksesvol om die salarisgeskil
bemiddelend naamwoord bewerkstellig op te los.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die bemiddeling tussen die

die proses van ingryping in ’n bestuur en die mynwerkers was
dispuut om versoening te suksesvol en hulle het weer begin
bemiddeling naamwoord bewerkstellig werk.

Die bemiddelaars het hul bes

probeer om die salarisgeskil
iemand wat in ’n dispuut ingryp tussen die mynwerkers en die
bemiddelaar naamwoord om versoening te bewerkstellig bestuur op te los.

Radio en televisie is die beste

media om belangrike inligting
medium naamwoord ’n manier om inligting oor te dra aan ’n breë gehoor oor te dra.

Wanneer kos verkoop word,

aanvaarbaar of bevredigend moet dit aan die vereistes van
voldoen aan woordgroep wees basiese higiëne voldoen.

Moeilike wiskundige berekenings

byvoeglike wat die verstand betrek of ’n verg intense verstandelike
verstandelik naamwoord intellektuele proses behels inspanning.

terminologie wat ’n mens Jong leerders moet toegelaat

gebruik om oor taal te praat, bv. word om te lees vir plesier en nie
teks, konteks, genre, styl, met literêre metataal oordonder
metataal naamwoord figuurlik, letterlik, ens. word nie.

beknopte vergelyking, soos Digters gebruik strategieë soos

wanneer die skrywer van simboliek en metafoor om tot die
Hooglied sê: My geliefde is ’n dubbelsinnigheid van hul poësie
metafoor naamwoord sakkie mirre by te dra.

Opperman is bekend vir sy

byvoeglike gekenmerk deur ’n metafoor of metaforiese hantering van taal in
metafories naamwoord metafore sy digkuns.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n manier om iets te doen, veral Ons het verskillende statistiese

metode naamwoord ’n sistematiese manier ontledingsmetodes gebruik.

Die metode van navorsing word

werkwyse om ’n bepaalde doel grootliks deur die navorser se
metode naamwoord te bereik teorie en hipoteses bepaal.

Dr Matshego het ’n metodiese

byvoeglike studie van die sielkundige
naamwoord, gevolge van werkloosheid op
metodies bywoord volgens ’n metode enkelouergesinne geloods.

’n stel metodes en beginsels vir Die metodiek wat die navorser

die uitvoer van ’n bepaalde gebruik, moet lei tot nuttige
metodiek naamwoord aktiwiteit navorsingsresultate.

Die navorsingsmetodologie
’n stel metodes en beginsels vir verskaf die algemene benadering
die uitvoer van ’n spesifieke wat die navorser gebruik om ’n
metodologie naamwoord aktiwiteit studie uit te voer.

Baie mynwerkers het van

van een land of streek na ’n landelike gebiede na myngebiede
migreer werkwoord ander verhuis en daar bly migreer om werk te vind.

’n persoon se verstand, sy of Persone met ontwikkelde denke

haar vermoë om te dink en herken makliker sienings wat van
denke naamwoord redeneer hul eie verskil.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike Die hael het minimale skade aan

minimaal naamwoord die mins moontlike of baie klein die motor aangerig.

Die minimum bedrag nodig om ’n

byvoeglike selfoonrekening aan te vul, is
minimum naamwoord die kleinste moontlike R50.
die kleinste moontlike Die klasnotas sal ’n minimum van
minimum naamwoord hoeveelheid of bedrag R50 kos.

Slegs geringe redaksionele

wysigings was nodig om die
byvoeglike klein, beperk of min in artikel vir publikasie voor te
gering naamwoord hoeveelheid of maat berei.

Ek het my met my teenstander se

kennis van die debatsonderwerp
verkeerd oordeel en ’n fout misgis en hom heeltemal
misgis werkwoord begaan onderskat.

My fout wat betref die

hoeveelheid studiemateriaal het
my amper my graad gekos,
omdat ek te laat begin lees het
’n vergissing, oorsig of foutiewe en daarom onvoorbereid was vir
fout naamwoord berekening die eindeksamen.

Skrif en spraak is die belangrikste

wyses van kommunikasie wat
deur taalkundiges bestudeer
word, terwyl prente en 3D-
hoe iets gedoen word of hoe dit voorwerpe vir kunstenaars die
wyse naamwoord gebeur primêre vorme is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Oerwoudbewoners sal
waarskynlik nie moderne
byvoeglike verskynsels soos die rekenaar en
modern naamwoord wat verband hou met die hede slimfoon verstaan nie.

Baie mense blameer die

stroming of neiging gekenmerk modernisme vir die verdwyning
deur die navolging van wat as van die huwelik as ’n tradisionele
modern beskou word – liberale instelling, omdat so baie jong
denke, moderne idees, praktyke mense vandag saamwoon sonder
modernisme naamwoord en style om te trou.

Mense wat alles wat modern en

liberaal is as goed en reg
byvoeglike wat met modernisme aanvaar, sonder kritiese denke, is
modernisties naamwoord geassosieer word modernisties in hul lewensuitkyk.

Wordsworth is deur literêre

teorie omvorm van ’n
natuurdigter tot ’n sleutelfiguur
moderniteit naamwoord toestand van modern te wees van moderniteit.

Navorsing oor die modifikasie

die handeling of proses van iets van verskillende soorte speletjies
te verwerk of te verander om dit kan ’n waardevolle bydrae tot die
beter of meer geskik vir iets te spelgebaseerde leeromgewing
modifikasie naamwoord maak maak.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

die handeling of proses van iets Die resultate van sy

te verwerk of te verander om dit eksperimente het gelei tot die
beter of meer geskik vir iets te wysiging van sy aanvanklike
wysiging naamwoord maak hipoteses.

wat verwerk of verander is om

byvoeglike dit te verbeter of meer geskik te Hulle het geneties
gemodifiseer naamwoord maak gemodifiseerde saad gesaai.

Sy het die resep aangepas deur

anders maak, wysig of (laat) water in plaas van melk te
aanpas werkwoord verander gebruik.

Navorsers wysig hul aanvanklike

anders maak, aanpas of (laat) hipoteses as dit deur hul
wysig werkwoord verander eksperimente weerlê word.

Water- en sanitasieforums het

momentum gekry namate
gemeenskappe die belangrikheid
en doeltreffendheid van dié
die vermoë om teen dieselfde platforms gesnap het om hul
tempo te bly ontwikkel of griewe rakende dienslewering te
momentum naamwoord vorentoe te beweeg verwoord

Die onderwyser het sy lees

gemonitor en gesien dat sy
leestempo en -begrip in die loop
monitor werkwoord nagaan of dophou van die jaar baie verbeter het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Een van die hulpmiddels om

woorde te verstaan, is
morfologiese kennis, want die
byvoeglike stam van ’n woord, bevat die
morfologies naamwoord rakende die vorm basiese betekenis.

(leer en kennis van) die dele Die morfologie van woorde is

waaruit woorde bestaan en hoe nuttig as ’n mens die betekenis
morfologie naamwoord woorde gevorm word van woorde wil naspeur.
konsep wat deel vorm van die In die voorbeeldsin is elke
motief naamwoord tema van ’n teks kursiewe woord ’n motief.

iemand aanspoor om iets te Die bevordering het hom

motiveer werkwoord doen gemotiveer om harder te werk.
’n rede of redes verskaf vir ’n Onthou om jou antwoorde te
motiveer werkwoord stelling motiveer.

As jy stellings maak sonder om

hulle met feite en voorbeelde te
staaf, is jou stellings
staaf werkwoord redes vir ’n stelling gee onoortuigend.

Elkeen van sy stellings is goed

byvoeglike ondersteun deur voldoende gemotiveerd met feit en
gemotiveer naamwoord redes voorbeeld.

Die spreker het die paneel gou

byvoeglike behoorlik aangevoer en oortuig met sy goed gestaafde
gestaaf naamwoord geregverdig stellings.

Mense met sterk intrinsieke

rede waarom iets gedoen word motivering slaag gewoonlik in
motivering naamwoord of rede vir ’n bepaalde optrede wat hulle doen.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Stellings sonder feitelike

rede waarom op ’n sekere wyse motivering oortuig nie die
motivering naamwoord opgetree word kritiese leser nie.

die rede waarom iets gedoen Speurders kon nie ’n motief vir
motief naamwoord word, gewoonlik iets negatiefs die misdaad vasstel nie.

Onderwysers wil gewoonlik ’n

verhouding van wedersydse
byvoeglike gemeenskaplik aan of gedeel respek en begrip tussen hulself
wedersyds naamwoord deur twee of meer partye en hul leerders bou.

’n antieke storie of verhaal wat

gewoonlik die oorsprong van Skeppingsmites kom in baie
mite naamwoord natuurlike verskynsels verklaar kulture voor.
iets fiktief, onwaar of wat nie Dit is ’n mite dat trolle onder
mite naamwoord bewys kan word nie brûe woon.

Professor Seakhoa is aangewys as

die nuwe viserektor van die
aanwys werkwoord in ’n amp of betrekking aanstel universiteit.

Alkohol maak dikwels die

uitwerking van die medisyne
ongedaan maak woordgroep keer dat iets ’n uitwerking het ongedaan.

Vaderskap kan blykbaar ontken

sê dat iets nie bestaan nie of dat word tot sewe dae ná geboorte,
ontken werkwoord dit onwaar is dan dring die werklikheid deur.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die woord BEURTKRAG is ’n

nuwe woord of frase, of ’n neologisme wat geskep is as
erkende woord wat in ’n nuwe gevolg van Eskom se onvermoë
neologisme naamwoord betekenis gebruik word om elektrisiteit te voorsien.

Die neologistiese woord

BEURTKRAG het in 2018 tydens
byvoeglike die elektrisiteitskrisis in Suid-
neologisties naamwoord rakende ’n nuwe woord Afrika ontstaan.

Die uitgebreide netwerk van die

’n groep mense of instansies gesin word beskou as die
wat saamwerk en met mekaar grondslag van ’n suksesvolle
netwerk naamwoord verbind is samelewing.

byvoeglike wat nie kant kies in ’n Ek verkies om neutraal te bly wat

neutraal naamwoord meningsverskil nie hierdie aangeleentheid betref.

byvoeglike wat geen sterk mening uitspreek Sakekommunikasie moet

neutraal naamwoord nie neutrale taal gebruik.

Dit was ’n voorspelbare, nogtans

nogtans bywoord ongeag hierdie feit onderhoudende film.

byvoeglike wat onmiddellik na iets anders Die volgende aspek wat aandag
volgende naamwoord volg moet kry, is brandvoorkoming.

Die volgende aspek wat behandel

byvoeglike word, is die voorkoming van
volgende naamwoord eerskomende in tyd of volgorde brande.

’n werk of aktiwiteit wat perfek Sy het haar nis in die bankwêreld

nis naamwoord by iemand pas gevind as aandelehandelaar.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Van die gewildste musiek is

geskep deur musikante en
teorie wat alle bestaande sangers wat die beginsel van
stelsels en geloof in hierdie nihilisme gebruik het om
nihilisme naamwoord stelsels verwerp oorspronklike klanke te skep.

Die selfvernietigsdrang van baie

jong mense word dikwels
verklaar as die resultaat van hulle
nihilistiese gevoel oor die lewe,
byvoeglike wat alle beginsels van godsdiens daarom kan ’n mens in ’n sekere
nihilisties naamwoord en moraliteit verwerp sin na hulle as nihiliste verwys.

formeel voorstel dat iemand vir

iets soos ’n belangrike rol of prys Hy het sy vriend genomineer as
nomineer werkwoord gekies word klasverteenwoordiger.

byvoeglike Ek ken die aangewysde vise-

aangewys naamwoord wat benoem is rektor van die universiteit.

Die vlak van akademiese

geletterdheid van ’n student is
nie die enigste faktor wat sy of
haar prestasie beïnvloed nie,
maar dit is nietemin een van die
belangrikste faktore wat
nietemin bywoord ongeag hierdie feit akademiese sukses bepaal.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n standaard, model of patroon

wat binne ’n spesifieke groep Vroue wat tuis bly en van hul
aanvaar word, of as tipies van ’n mans se inkomste leef, is nie
norm naamwoord bepaalde groep beskou word meer die norm in die VSA nie.

Daar is ’n aantal norme wat

bepaal of ’n voornemende
student gereed is vir akademiese
norm naamwoord standaard, maatstaf of riglyn studie aan ’n universiteit.

Woede is ’n gesonde, normale

byvoeglike die gewone of gemiddelde emosie indien dit toepaslik
normaal naamwoord standaard, vlak of tipe uitgedruk word.

Taalonderrig wat gerig is op ’n

algemeen aanvaarde vorm van
byvoeglike die doeltaal, is normatief van
normatief naamwoord deur norme gekenmerk aard.

’n Opmerklike kenmerk is die

byvoeglike wat opgemerk of van kennis gemak waarmee kinders met
opmerklik naamwoord geneem kan word tegnologie omgaan.

Ons dosent let altyd iets

bemoedigends in ons opdragte
kennis neem van en (of) ’n op, al het ons nie goed gevaar
oplet werkwoord opinie gee nie.

’n Privaat verkoping stel ’n mens

aan verskillende risiko's bloot,
opmerklik naamwoord wat aandag verdien maar veral twee is opmerklik.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die navorser het beduidende

verskille opgemerk tydens sy
waarneming van sjimpansees en
opmerk werkwoord sien of agterkom gorillas.

’n idee, geloof of opinie oor iets, Reeds in 1725 ondersoek John

wat dikwels nie baie duidelik of Clarke die begrippe morele goed
begrip naamwoord presies is nie en kwaad.

Ondanks die getuienis, sal die

man nie van moord aangekla
ondanks bywoord sonder om geraak te word deur word nie.

nuut of anders as enigiets wat Haar vreemde idee is om ’n

byvoeglike voorheen gesien, gedoen of straatteater in die sentrale
vreemd naamwoord geskep is sakekern van die stad te open.

Die skrywer se romans word in

Engelsdepartemente oor die hele
roman naamwoord ’n lang prosawerk land bestudeer.

Die ervare digter skep deur

subtiele verskil in betekenis of woordspeling subtiele nuanses
nuanse naamwoord skakering van duisternis en lig.

Die bekwame skilder nuanseer Die bedrewe skilder nuanseer

haar skildery met verskillende haar skildery met verskillende
nuanseer werkwoord skakerings van groen. skakerings van groen.

Die bekwame digter slaag daarin

om sy gedig te nuanseer met ’n
nuanseer werkwoord woorde fyn kies woordspel van lig en donker.

Die genuanseerde woordspel van

byvoeglike gekenmerk deur subtiele lig en donker in die gedig
genuanseerd naamwoord betekenisonderskeidings fassineer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Net die ervare skilder sien die

byvoeglike waar die effek van skaduwee in genuanseerde gebruik van groen
genuanseer naamwoord ’n skildery bewerkstellig is in haar skildery.

’n Toename in kernlading lei tot

wat met ’n atoomkern, of kern- ’n groter aantrekkingskrag tussen
kern- woorddeel of atoomkrag verband hou die elektron en die kern.

wat gebruik maak van,

vervaardig word met of
ontstaan as gevolg van energie Die land ondersoek uitgebreider
wat deur atoomsplitsing verkry gebruik van kernenergie in die
kern- woorddeel word nabye toekoms.

Objektivering van sy eie

emosionele reaksies tydens ’n
hofsaak is een van die uitstaande
proses om iets onpersoonlik of eienskappe van ’n bekwame
objektivering naamwoord objektief te maak regter.

Om ’n regverdige uitspraak te
kan lewer, moet ’n regter haar
eie emosionele reaksies
objektiveer werkwoord objektief of onpersoonlik maak objektiveer.
Haar mikpunt was om ses
mikpunt naamwoord doel waarna gestreef word onderskeidings te behaal.

Die onderwyser probeer ’n

objektiewe nasiener van
opdragte wees ten einde
byvoeglike nie deur persoonlike gevoelens regverdig teenoor die leerders te
objektief naamwoord of opinies beïnvloed nie wees.

Volgens konstruktiviste bestaan

byvoeglike daar geen objektiewe
objektief naamwoord wat buite die bewussyn bestaan werklikheid nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die regter se objektiewe

byvoeglike uitspraak was verbasend gegewe
naamwoord, wat subjektiewe opinie ignoreer dat sy vriende by die misdaad
objektief bywoord ten gunste van feite betrokke was.

denkrigting wat objektiewe Geen moderne weergawe van

denke beklemtoon as kontraktereg omvat
voorvereiste vir onpartydige subjektivisme of objektivisme
objektivisme naamwoord navorsing volledig nie.

’n Navorser is verplig om
iets vereis of iemand dwing om deelnemers enige tyd gedurende
iets te doen, gewoonlik volgens die navorsing toe te laat om hul
verplig werkwoord wet of ooreenkoms response terug te trek.

Susan is ’n oplettende student

byvoeglike wat met aandag luister of kyk en wat die fynste besonderhede van
oplettend naamwoord fyn detail waarneem ’n saak sien.

Susan se oplettendheid verstom

– sy sien besonderhede raak wat
oplettendheid naamwoord noukeurige aandag ander heeltemal ontgaan.

Die navorser het sy jare lange

die handeling van met aandag te waarnemings van die gedrag van
luister of te kyk en op fyn detail sjimpansees en bobbejane in ’n
waarneming naamwoord te let verslag saamgevoeg.

Fyn waarneming is belangrik in

die veld, waar plantkunde-
die handeling van fyn kyk en studente verskille tussen
waarneming naamwoord dophou plantsoorte moet kan uitwys.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Gedurende die hele proses moet

die ontwerpprotokol nagekom
nakom werkwoord reëls, wette, ens. gehoorsaam word.

Gedurende die les het die dosent

opgemerk dat baie studente nie
opmerk werkwoord sien of waarneem die notas afgelaai het nie.

Die navorser het beduidende

verskille tussen sjimpansees en
waarneem werkwoord gewaar, sien of agterkom gorillas waargeneem.
Dit lyk of dit gaan reën, het sy
opmerk werkwoord ’n opmerking maak opgemerk.

Plantkunde-studente sien fyn

verskille tussen plante in die veld
raaksien werkwoord bewus word van, sien of opmerk raak.

Die navorser hou noukeurig boek

van die waargenome verskille
byvoeglike wat waargeneem, gesien of tussen die sjimpansees en die
waargenome naamwoord opgemerk is bobbejane.

Daar is vir my gesê my ou

byvoeglike rekenaar is verouderd en ek kan
verouderd naamwoord nie meer nodig of in gebruik nie nie onderdele daarvoor kry nie.

Hy het toestemming gekry om ’n

dag skool te mis sodat hy die
verkry werkwoord kry of in besit neem begrafnis kon bywoon.

Prof. Cunningham het al sy grade

aan die Universiteit van Pretoria
verwerf werkwoord kry of in besit neem verwerf.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dr Motlanthe het onlangs ’n

byvoeglike B.Comm.-graad by sy reeds
behaal naamwoord wat ontvang of verwerf is behaalde grade gevoeg.

Hy het die ooglopende feit

byvoeglike wat maklik met die sintuie of misgekyk dat iemand met die
ooglopend naamwoord verstand waargeneem word monster gepeuter het.

Die hoof van die Departement

Engels het verskeie belangrike
poste beklee voordat sy in die
beklee werkwoord ’n amptelike pos hê huidige pos aangestel is.
’n plek binnegaan en beheer Die plakkers het die grond
beset werkwoord daarvan neem onwettig beset.

Die stad Londen beslaan ’n

’n spasie of oppervlak vul of oppervlak van 2,9 vierkante
beslaan werkwoord gebruik kilometer.
Die siekte kom hoofsaaklik by
voorkom werkwoord wat bestaan en aangetref word volwassenes voor.

Die diefstal van die drie

rekenaars het gisteroggend
plaasvind werkwoord gebeur of voorkom plaasgevind.

’n onbepaalde hoeveelheid, Dit het ongeveer 50 jaar gelede

byvoeglike gewoonlik effens meer as die in ’n klein dorpie in Minnesota
ongeveer naamwoord genoemde afgeronde getal gebeur.

Tydens die waarneming het een

byvoeglike baba op ’n vreemde manier
vreemd naamwoord ongewoon of eienaardig gereageer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

een koste, betaling of situasie Owerhede gebruik

gebruik om die uitwerking van ’n niegewelddadige metodes om
ander te kanselleer of te gewelddadige metodes teen te
teenwerk werkwoord verminder werk.

Die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van

byvoeglike nuwe leermateriaal is ’n
deurlopend naamwoord wat tans gebeur deurlopende proses.
verpligting of Die onus rus op die studente om
onus naamwoord verantwoordelikheid hul vakke te slaag.

Om iemand se mening te vra en

haar dan voor ’n groep mense in
die verleentheid te stel deur haar
gebaseer op gevoelens en insette te verontagsaam, is
mening naamwoord aannames boelie.

Na my mening het die skrywer

van die monografie onvoldoende
iemand se gevoelens of navorsing gedoen om tot
gedagtes oor iets, eerder as ’n definitiewe gevolgtrekkings te
mening naamwoord feit kom.

’n siening gebaseer op ’n ’n Persoon se opinie is op sy of

subjektiewe waardestelsel en haar subjektiewe waardesisteem
nie op feite nie, en dus nie gebaseer en dus nie noodwendig
opinie naamwoord noodwendig waar nie waar nie.

Haar eiewyse houding toon dat

byvoeglike sy dink dat sy alleen oor die
eiewys naamwoord eiesinnig of hardkoppig waarheid beskik.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die openbare debat tussen die

twee kenners gaan nog lank
duur, want as die een X beweer,
iets wat in stryd is met dit wat probeer die ander die teendeel
teendeel naamwoord bespreek word bewys.

een van ’n aantal dinge waaruit Aanlyn kursusaflewering het ’n

opsie naamwoord slegs een gekies kan word lewensvatbare opsie geword.

Jy het twee opsies: ’n vollengte-

keuse tussen twee of meer opstel of twee kort
opsie naamwoord dinge paragraafantwoorde.

Omdat die vraag opsioneel is, kan

byvoeglike waar ’n keuse uitgeoefen kan jy dit ignoreer as jy dit nie
opsioneel naamwoord word verstaan nie.

’n reeks gebeure, handelinge, Bibliografiese verwysings moet in

getalle of letters, veral die een alfabetiese volgorde gerangskik
volgorde naamwoord na die ander word volgens outeurs se vanne.

Baie jong mense word dikwels

bloot aan die diep kant ingegooi
jouself of iemand anders met ’n sonder om behoorlik georiënteer
oriënteer werkwoord nuwe situasie vertroud maak of ingewy te word.

Studente by tegniese kolleges

iemand se belangstelling op iets word na praktiese vakke
oriënteer werkwoord te rig georiënteer.

volgens ortodoksie – streng en Hulle is ’n gedissiplineerde, goed

byvoeglike gelowig, of konserwatief of opgeleide koor met ’n ortodokse
ortodoks naamwoord dogmaties gevoel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die verskil tussen toetskrieket –

met ortodokse veldplasings – en
byvoeglike deur die meeste mense as reg of kitskrieket waar die lopies beperk
ortodoks naamwoord normaal aanvaar word, is groot.

Moderne gelowiges ervaar die

ortodoksie van die tradisionele
algemeen aanvaarde teorie, Christelike kerke toenemend as
ortodoksie naamwoord leerstelling of praktyk vervreemdend en oordrewe.

Die uitslag van die

onderhandelinge was
uitslag naamwoord resultaat van iets teleurstellend.

Die uitset van die onderneming

iets wat gelewer of geproduseer het die afgelope jaar toegeneem
uitset naamwoord word as gevolg van ’n groter vraag.

Die leerders het ’n algehele

byvoeglike verbetering in hul lees-, skryf- en
algeheel naamwoord wat alles insluit spelvaardighede getoon.

Vanjaar oorvleuel die skool- en

oor ’n deel van iets anders strek universiteitsvakansies in Julie
oorvleuel werkwoord of daarmee saamval met twee weke.

’n gedeelde idee, Daar is ’n aansienlike

verantwoordelikheid, aktiwiteit, oorvleueling tussen die leerplan
oorvleueling naamwoord ens. vir wiskunde en fisika.

’n Mens moet oppas dat jy nie

oordrewe romanties raak as jy na
die plaaslewe van vroeër verlang
oordrewe bywoord te (veel) nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die boek gee ’n goeie oorsig van

bondige opsomming van die die Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis
oorsig naamwoord hoofpunte van die steentydperk tot nou.

stylfiguur wat twee Oksimoron of te not,

teenoorgesteldes verbind, bv. vierwielmotorfietse is hope pret
oksimoron naamwoord ou nuus vir oud en jonk.

plaat wat ’n deel van iets vorm

en dikwels iets van iets anders Die kantoor is sigbaar deur die
paneel naamwoord skei glaspaneel van die deur.

’n groep kundige mense wat Die paneel het bestaan uit

advies of hul menings oor ’n akademiese personeel en senior
paneel naamwoord saak gee studente.

Dit is interessant om te sien

’n lesing, dikwels aangebied watter tegnieke sprekers gebruik
tydens ’n konferensie of om hul referate tydens ’n
referaat naamwoord seminaar konferensie aan te bied.

Nelson Mandela het vir mense

oor die wêreld heen die
’n voorbeeld van die patroon paradigma geword van ’n
paradigma naamwoord van dinge staatsman met integriteit.

Kaapstad staan uit as paradigma

van ’n lewendige
’n standaard- of tipiese toeristebestemming in Suid-
paradigma naamwoord voorbeeld Afrika.

’n stel idees wat verduidelik hoe

’n onderwerp verstaan moet Onlangse navorsing daag die
paradigma naamwoord word huidige filosofiese paradigma uit.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

raamwerk waarbinne
teorievorming oor ’n verskynsel Die paradigma van apartheid in
of vakgebied in ’n bepaalde Suid-Afrika het sedert 1994
paradigma naamwoord tydperk plaasvind verander.

Onderdrukking is ’n
byvoeglike paradigmatiese skending van
paradigmaties naamwoord as ’n voorbeeld van iets menseregte.

oënskynlike weerspreking of Vir my is die grootste paradoks

jukstaponering van botsende die gelyktydige ervaring van
paradoks naamwoord menings hartseer en vreugde.

byvoeglike Die gesegde Veg vir vrede is

paradoksaal naamwoord self-weersprekend paradoksaal.

Hierdie nuwe rekenaar het

byvoeglike soortgelyk of wat op dieselfde funksies wat parallel is aan dié
parallel naamwoord tyd gebeur van ’n tablet.

Hy voel sterk dat die kunstenaar

en die student langs parallelle
lyne moet ontwikkel en
beklemtoon die
interafhanklikheid van die twee
byvoeglike langs mekaar en voortdurend partye, waaruit albei sal leer en
parallel naamwoord ewe ver van mekaar af groei.

Daar word ’n parallel getrek

vergelyking tussen twee dinge of tussen twee sake wanneer hulle
parallel naamwoord kwessies met mekaar vergelyk word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

In plaas daarvan om drie

volledige paragrawe woordeliks
aan te haal, maak die skrywer ’n
weergawe van die inhoud van ’n kort parafrase van die hoofpunte
teks in jou eie woorde, wat wys van die gedeelte wat hy wil
parafrase naamwoord dat jy dit verstaan bespreek.

As jy ’n artikel parafraseer, moet

jy dit verstaan, anders kan jy nie
die kern van die navorsing
parafraseer werkwoord iets in jou eie woorde skryf weergee nie.

Haar geparafraseerde weergawe

byvoeglike in jou eie woorde opgesom of van die artikel toon dat sy die
geparafraseer naamwoord weergegee inhoud verstaan.

’n ekstra verduideliking of idee –

’n woord, frase of sin – wat Hy het die voorbeeld as ’n
tussen hakies, aandagstrepe of parentese by sy hoofargument
parentese naamwoord kommas in ’n sin ingevoeg word gevoeg.

In die volgende sin staan die

parentese tussen kommas: Die
skrywer, wat toevallig my neef is,
het vanjaar die MC Moller-
toekenning vir entomologiese
parentese naamwoord invoeging in ’n sin navorsing ontvang.

Skrywers voeg dikwels

byvoeglike parentetiese opmerkings by as
parenteties naamwoord wat van parentese gebruik maak hulle iets wil beklemtoon.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

wat iemand of iets op ’n Die geparodieerde voorstelling

bespotlike of komiese manier van die beroemde skildery Mona
byvoeglike naboots en opsetlik oordryf vir Lisa word deur kunskenners
geparodieer naamwoord ironiese effek veroordeel.

spottende mimiek of snaakse Die gewildste drama van die jaar

parodie naamwoord blik op iets ernstigs was ’n parodie op King Lear.

Spotprenttekenaars parodieer
gereeld politici se gedrag en
parodieer werkwoord spottend naboots voorkoms.

nabootsing van iemand of die

styl van ’n kunstenaar op ’n
spottende of komiese manier Die ondermyning en parodiëring
met doelbewuste oordrywing vir van geskiedenis is kenmerkend
parodiëring naamwoord ironiese effek van postmodernistiese fiksie.

Die paronieme reflekteer en

enigeen van twee of meer refleks is van dieselfde stam
paroniem naamwoord woorde wat ’n stam gemeen het afgelei.

Paronieme woorde is woorde

byvoeglike met betrekking tot woorde wat soos sing en sanger, wysheid en
paroniem naamwoord van dieselfde stam afgelei is wysgeer.

Die studente word aangemoedig

aktief betrokke wees of aan ’n om aan klasbesprekings deel te
deelneem werkwoord aktiwiteit deelneem neem.

Studente moet besondere

byvoeglike wat ’n spesifieke persoon of aandag aan spelling gee wanneer
besonder naamwoord ding aandui hulle ’n opstel skryf.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

wat ’n persoon, groep of saak Celtic, wat vierde van onder af lê,
sterk en entoesiasities steun en is altyd gevaarlike kalante, veral
byvoeglike nie altyd helder oor die saak wanneer hulle voor hul partydige
partydig naamwoord dink nie volgelinge speel.

iemand wat ’n persoon, groep of

saak sterk en entoesiasities Hulle is gevaarlike kalante, veral
steun en nie altyd helder oor die wanneer hulle voor hul
ondersteuner naamwoord saak dink nie ondersteuners speel.

byvoeglike wat ’n situasie aanvaar en dit Die kinders word uitgebeeld as

passief naamwoord nie probeer verander nie passiewe ontvangers van kultuur.

vorm van die werkwoord wat

gebruik word wanneer ’n sin ’n Voorbeeld van ’n sin in die
met die voorwerp in plaas van passief is: Die bal is deur die seun
passief naamwoord met die onderwerp begin geskop.

Die studente sukkel om hul nuwe

byvoeglike dosent se eienaardige uitspraak
eienaardig naamwoord vreemd of anders as verwag te verstaan.

Die pendulum van die openbare

iets wat gereeld van een posisie mening rakende aborsie het van
pendulum naamwoord na ’n teenoorgestelde verander pro-lewe na pro-keuse geswaai.

’n Stof word as ’n vloeistof

deur middel van die sintuie waargeneem as dit vryelik vloei
waarneem werkwoord bewus word van soos water.

Plantkunde-studente sien die

van iets bewus word, iets besef fyner verskille tussen plante in
sien werkwoord of iets verstaan die veld.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

numeriese waarde wat bereken

word in terme van ’n breuk Die gemiddelde persentasie van
waarvan die getal 100 die deler die eerstejaarwiskunde-klas was
persentasie naamwoord is 45 persent.

As ’n mens persentasiegewys na
die eerstejaars se wiskundepunte
verhouding ten opsigte van die kyk, lyk dit na ’n groep
persentasiegewys bywoord geheel hardwerkende studente.

numeriese eenheid waarin ’n

styging of daling of die
beduidendheid van ’n saak
uitgedruk word, en wat Vanjaar se klas het 7
gewoonlik gelyk is aan een persentasiepunte beter gevaar as
persentasiepunt naamwoord persent die groep van verlede jaar.
Hy was vir ’n periode van drie
periode naamwoord ’n bepaalde tydsduur maande afwesig.

Die 1980’s was ’n onstuimige

’n bepaalde tyd in die tydperk in Suid-Afrika se
tydperk naamwoord geskiedenis of in iemand se lewe geskiedenis.

byvoeglike Die periodieke uitbreek van

naamwoord, wat met gereelde tussenposes geweld in die Midde-Ooste is
periodiek bywoord voorkom kommerwekkend.

Dit is ’n aanvaarde tegniek om

die geskiedenis van ’n land
periodiseer werkwoord in periodes verdeel volgens dekades te periodiseer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Met ’n beleid van elf amptelike

tale moet die rol van Afrikatale
met betrekking tot die buitenste en -literatuur bevry word van die
byvoeglike rand van iets, byvoorbeeld ’n periferale en onderdanige rol wat
periferaal naamwoord sirkel dit in die verlede gespeel het.

Dit lyk asof die regering

aflewering op die sentrum rig en
die periferie – dit is landelike
periferie naamwoord die buitenste rand van ’n gebied gebiede – ignoreer.

Die bestendigheid van ons land

se elektrisiteitsvoorsiening word
bepaal deur faktore soos
toestand van onveranderd te bly misdaadvrye dienslewering en
bestendigheid naamwoord of permanent te wees korrupsievrye bestuurders.

byvoeglike wat oor en oor herhaal word, op Sy gedurige laatkommery

gedurig naamwoord ’n irriterende manier soggens irriteer die personeel.

Voortdurende hartseer is ’n
byvoeglike kenmerk van depressiewe
voortdurend naamwoord wat heeltyd aanhou mense.

Gerugte van korrupsie het baie

maande voortgeduur, al het die
departement die aanklagte
voortduur werkwoord aanhou bestaan of gebeur ontken.

voortgaan om iets te doen

ondanks probleme of Hy volhard in sy pogings om
volhard werkwoord teenkanting genadedood te laat wettig.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wanneer die skrywer sê dat die

toekenning van menslike wolke huil en die wind in die
eienskappe aan dinge, diere of skoorsteen hyg, gebruik hy
personifikasie naamwoord die natuur personifikasie.

Die gepersonifieerde werkwoord

byvoeglike waarby personifikasie gebruik suggereer dat die reën as ’n
gepersonifieer naamwoord word persoon voorgestel gaan word.

Wanneer die digter skryf dat die

iets niemenslik op ’n menslike wind in die riete sing, gebruik hy
manier voorstel deur menslike personifikasie en personifieer hy
personifieer werkwoord eienskappe daaraan te gee dus die wind.

hoedanigheid of vorm waarin

die onderlinge en betekenisvolle
samehang van of verband As ek daagliks na die nuus op TV
tussen sake, idees of feite kyk, help dit my om my eie
perspektief naamwoord duidelik blyk probleme in perspektief te hou.

Pieter het nie veel gereis nie en

het ook min buite sy
spesifieke manier van kyk na die verwysingsveld gelees, gevolglik
wêreld, beïnvloed deur ’n was sy perspektief op ander
perspektief naamwoord bepaalde waardestelsel kulture beperk.

wat verband hou met ’n Studente wat alle perspektiewe

byvoeglike evaluasie, insig of siening ten op hul onderwerp in ag neem,
perspektiwiese naamwoord opsigte van ’n bepaalde saak skryf in ’n perspektiwiese styl.

Haar perspektief op die

manier waarop situasies of doodstraf is gekleur deur haar
perspektief naamwoord onderwerpe beskou word geloofsoortuiging.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

iemand ompraat om iets te Die Engelsonderwyser probeer

doen deur goeie redes te die studente omhaal om
omhaal werkwoord verskaf verskillende genres te lees.

iemand ompraat om iets te Die organiseerders hoop om nog

doen deur goeie redes te ’n paar borge te oorreed om aan
oorreed werkwoord verskaf boord te kom.

Tegnieke van oorreding in

geskrewe en mondelinge
kommunikasie laat dit vir lesers
die vermoë om iemand om te en luisteraars voel dat die
praat om iets te doen en goeie skrywer of spreker met
oorreding naamwoord redes daarvoor aan te voer oortuiging kommunikeer.

byvoeglike wat goed daarin slaag om Die charismatiese spreker se

naamwoord, iemand om te praat om iets te oortuigende praatstyl laat
oortuigend bywoord doen of iets te glo luisteraars aan sy lippe hang.

byvoeglike toepaslik of direk gemoeid met ’n Goeie student stel relevante

relevant naamwoord iets vrae.
geleidelik deur elke deel van iets Die geur van pizza het die hele
deurtrek werkwoord versprei kombuis deurtrek.
enige afsonderlike tydperk in ’n Haar tiener gaan deur ’n rebelse
fase naamwoord reeks gebeure fase.

Rekenaargeletterdheidsklasse
geleidelik, op ’n ordelike manier word in die kurrikulum
infaseer werkwoord begin doen ingefaseer.

Winston Churchill was ’n

byvoeglike fenomenale Britse politikus –
fenomenaal naamwoord buitengewoon goed inderdaad ’n fenomeen!
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike volgens die teorie van Friedrich Hegel se denkwyse is

fenomenologies naamwoord fenomenologie fenomenologies.

stroming in die filosofie wat Fenomenologie is ’n stroming in

verskynsels (fenomene) grondig die filosofie wat aanvoer dat elke
en noukeurig beskryf sonder individu unieke kennis het,
hipoteses oor die oorsake gebaseer op vorige ervarings en
fenomenologie naamwoord daarvan oorgeërfde idees.

Die verskynsel van bendegeweld

objek wat deur die sintuie of is vir sosioloë en sielkundiges ’n
verskynsel naamwoord bewussyn waargeneem word groot rede tot kommer

’n merkwaardige ding of situasie ’n Sonsverduistering bly altyd ’n

verskynsel naamwoord wat waargeneem kan word interessante verskynsel.

Metereoloë stel belang in

enige toestand of proses wat natuurlike verskynsels soos
verskynsel naamwoord deur die sintuie bekend is vloede en droogtes.

byvoeglike wat sake en situasies verstandig

naamwoord, en ongestoord, selfs gelate Ek het nog nooit so ’n filosofiese
filosofies bywoord beskou houding beleef nie!

Tydens gister se filosofiese debat

oor die onafhanklike plek van
byvoeglike etiek buite die konteks van
naamwoord, volgens die beginsels van die geloof, het ek besef hoe filosofies
filosofies bywoord filosofie die debatteerders dink.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

My kamermaat kan ure met sy

oor ernstige kwessies bespiegel vriende oor die relatiwiteit van
filosofeer werkwoord of teoretiseer waarheid filosofeer.

’n oortuiging of ’n geloofstelsel
wat spruit uit die soeke na
filosofie naamwoord kennis Sy graad is in filosofie.

Dit is noodsaaklik dat alle

wetenskap wat die betekenis studente ten minste die basiese
van dinge en die lewe filosofie onderliggend aan hul
filosofie naamwoord ondersoek vakgebied verstaan.

Hy verkies fisieke uitdagings,

byvoeglike met betrekking tot die liggaam, soos om marathons te hardloop,
fisiek naamwoord onderskei van die gees bo studeer.

Die spesiale effekte van die film

byvoeglike baie belangrik, gewoonlik omdat het ’n deurslaggewende rol
deurslaggewend naamwoord ander dinge daarvan afhang gespeel om groot gehore te lok.

Jy palgieer as jy ’n skrywer se
presiese woorde en styl kopieer
plagieer werkwoord plagiaat pleeg en voorgee dat dit jou eie is.

iemand anders se idees of Studente wat plagieer, sal geen

woorde kopieer en voorgee dat krediet kry vir geplagieerde werk
plagieer werkwoord dit jou eie is nie.

Iemand wat die presiese woorde

die kriminele praktyk om van ’n ander skrywer aanbied
iemand anders se werk of idees sonder erkenning van die outeur
plagiaat naamwoord as jou eie voor te stel en bronteks, pleeg plagiaat.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Soms kan ’n mens se persoonlike

omstandighede verhinder dat jy
die loopbaan volg wat jy beplan
beplan werkwoord vooruit dink en reëlings tref het.

Vind soveel as moontlik uit oor

byvoeglike wat vooraf bedink en uitgewerk die beplande verandering en
beplan naamwoord is waarom dit gebeur.

Leer hoe om sigblaaie vir jou

beplanning naamwoord die maak van planne finansiële beplanning te gebruik.

Politici is geneig om te dink dat

’n uitdrukking of gesegde wat so hulle deur die gebruik van
dikwels gebruik word dat dit nie gemeenplase hul kiesers tevrede
gemeenplaas naamwoord meer interessant is nie stel, maar dis allermins die geval.

’n Onervare skrywer gebruik

dikwels pleonasme om ’n
gebruik van meer woorde as wat spoggerige styl te demonstreer
nodig is om iets te benoem of te of omdat sy nog nie geleer het
pleonasme naamwoord beskryf om akkuraat te formuleer nie.

byvoeglike Die skrywer se styl is duidelik

pleonasties naamwoord wat pleonasmes gebruik pleonasties.

Kon jy die intrige van die fliek

die plan of storielyn van ’n boek volg of is jy net so verward soos
intrige naamwoord of rolprent ek?
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die invloed van vigs op die mens

se gesondheid is ’n sensitiewe
punt naamwoord kwessie, saak of vraag punt van bespreking.

Die impak van veranderende

onderwerp vir bespreking of weerpatrone op die ekonomie is
punt naamwoord debat die volgende punt vir bespreking.

Kognitiewe kundiges beskou

intelligensie as die vermoë om ’n
hoek waaruit iemand ’n situasie situasie tydelik vanuit ’n ander
oogpunt naamwoord benader oogpunt as jou eie te ervaar.

Die standpunte wat deur die

mening of kenmerk wat die twee akademici voorgehou word,
pool naamwoord teenoorgestelde van ’n ander is lê op uiterste pole van die debat.

Die polemiese briewe in die

byvoeglike media wys hoe verdeeld die
naamwoord, op ’n uitdagende, twisgierige mense is oor die nuwe
polemies bywoord manier regeringsaanstellings.

’n plan van aksie wat deur ’n

individu of sosiale groep aanvaar Die nuwe beleid verskans
beleid naamwoord word veeltaligheid.

enigeen van die meervoudige Die woord HAND het verskillende

poliseem naamwoord betekenisse wat woord kan hê poliseme.

byvoeglike met meer as een

polisemies naamwoord betekenisonderskeiding Die woord BEEN is polisemies.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

die verskynsel dat ’n woord,

woorddeel of frase meer as een Polisemie is redelik algemeen in
polisemie naamwoord betekenisonderskeiding kan hê alle tale.

’n Gedeelte van die wins sal aan

gedeelte naamwoord ’n deel van iets groter die ouetehuis gegee word.
Sy het die lekkers tussen die drie
verdeel werkwoord iets in kleiner dele verdeel kinders verdeel.

iets of iemand op ’n bepaalde Die roman beeld die vreugdes en

uitbeeld werkwoord manier beskryf of wys smart van ’n mens se lewe uit.

Die gewone soldaat word

uitgebeeld as ’n morele en
godsdienstige figuur, terwyl die
iemand of iets op ’n bepaalde offisiere die hartelose owerheid
uitbeeld werkwoord manier beskryf of wys voorstel.

As talent gemeet moet word aan

die hand van hoe ’n sanger
emosie in ’n lied weergee (in
plaas daarvan om dit in
albumverkope te meet), dan wen
weergee werkwoord uitdrukking gee aan iets hierdie sanger loshande.

Die skrywer se sintuiglike

uitbeelding van haar karakters
uitbeelding naamwoord die uitdrukking van iets maak hulle oortuigend.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Volgens die Leroux-kinders is

Kannemeyer se weergawe van
Etienne Leroux se lewe besonder
weergawe naamwoord die uitbeelding van iets akkuraat.

om ’n probleem te veroorsaak Skofwerk en lang ure lewer vir

wat op ’n bepaalde manier werknemers en werkgewers
oplewer werkwoord hanteer moet word. groot probleme op.

Hierdie hoofstuk bespreek die

stel werkwoord om te vra navorsingsvrae wat gestel word.

Hy postuleer dat leer gemotiveer

voorgee dat iets waar is sodat word deur die verbeelding,
dit as basis vir ’n argument betekenisvolle geleenthede en
postuleer werkwoord gebruik kan word kommunikasie met ander.

byvoeglike Daar is positiewe tekens dat sy

positief naamwoord goed en aanmoedigend sal herstel.

Die nuwe kurrikulum het

byvoeglike positiewe reaksie van
positief naamwoord goed en ondersteunend akademiese departemente gekry.

byvoeglike Hy was seker dat hy die

seker naamwoord oortuig van iets elektrisiteitsrekening betaal het.

Kritiese teorie wyk af van die

denkrigting wat kennis en positivisme deur kulturele en
betekenis as objektief beskou en sosiale omstandighede in ag te
dus vry van die sosiale invloed neem wat noodwendig
positivisme naamwoord van konteks interpretasie beïnvloed.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Onderwysers wat in alle gevalle

slegs een antwoord korrek
byvoeglike volgens die beginsels van die aanvaar, is positivisties in hul
positivisties naamwoord positivisme benadering.

Ek glo dit is moontlik om pret te

hê en koel te wees, en
byvoeglike terselfdertyd verantwoordelik,
moontlik naamwoord wat gedoen of bereik kan word sensitief en taktvol.

denkrigting in die kunste,

filosofie, godsdiens, tegnologie
en ’n verskeidenheid ander
gebiede wat ontstaan het ná en
afwyk van verskillende 20ste
eeuse bewegings wat die
modernisme verteenwoordig, Die literatuur oor
en wat gekenmerk word deur postmodernisme is tot ’n groot
niefundamentalistiese, meer mate oorheers deur filosowe en
postmodernisme naamwoord akkommoderende sienings moderne taalteoretici.

As jy dink dat die waarheid

relatief is omdat dit deur sosiale,
historiese en kulturele kontekste
byvoeglike volgens die teorie van bepaal word, dink jy op ’n
postmodernisties naamwoord postmodernisme postmodernistiese manier.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Intellektuele beweging in
Frankryk in die 1960's en 1970's
as kritiek op die strukturele basis Die literatuur oor post-
waarop strukturalisme die strukturalisme is tot ’n groot
menslike kultuur bestudeer en mate oorheers deur filosowe en
post-strukturalisme naamwoord verklaar moderne taalteoretici.

Die post-strukturalistiese sienings

van skrywers soos Derrida,
Foucault en Deleuze het die meer
tradisionele geleerdes sterk
gegrief en veral in die wêreld van
byvoeglike volgens die teorie van die post- literêre kritiek reperkussies
post-strukturalisties naamwoord strukturalisme veroorsaak.

stelling wat die bestaan of

waarheid van iets as die basis vir Offe daag die postulaat van ’n
postulaat naamwoord redenasie voorstel georganiseerde kapitalisme uit.

aan die hand doen dat iets waar Navorsers postuleer dat ’n groot
is sodat dit as basis vir ’n komeet die dinosourusse
postuleer werkwoord argument gebruik kan word uitgewis het.

MacMillan (2019: 445) postuleer

dat geweld dikwels in
welgestelde huishoudings
postuleer werkwoord ’n stelling maak voorkom.

Die toename van malaria is ’n

byvoeglike wat tot dit wat genoem word, potensiële bedreiging vir Afrika
potensieel naamwoord kan ontwikkel suid van die Sahara.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Toe hy sy troeteldier doodmaak,

die moontlikheid dat iets op ’n het dit duidelik geword dat hy ’n
potensiaal naamwoord sekere manier kan ontwikkel potensiaal vir geweld het.

byvoeglike ’n Praktiese oplossing vir

naamwoord, wat konkrete oplossings in armoede is werkverskaffing en
prakties bywoord agneem opleiding.

Die wetenskaplike praktyk vereis

manier waarop iets gedoen dieselfde toewyding waarmee
praktyk naamwoord word goeie atlete hul sport beoefen.

Die ou dokter wil hê sy dogter

moet sy praktyk oorneem
praktyk naamwoord ’n professionele onderneming wanneer hy aftree.
Lobola is ’n algemene gebruik in
praktyk naamwoord gewone manier om iets te doen Afrika.

Mohamed het ons na ’n klein

kunstenaarsdorpie geneem waar
iets gereeld, as deel van jou hierdie unieke kunsvorm beoefen
beoefen werkwoord normale gedrag doen word.

Om wetenskaplike navorsing te
beoefen vereis dieselfde
toewyding as waarmee goeie
beoefen werkwoord in iets spesialiseer atlete hul sport beoefen.

Sommige dokters praktiseer

terwyl ander mediese navorsing
praktiseer werkwoord teorieë prakties toepas doen.

iemand wat ’n beroep as

geleerde beoefen, soos Sy is deur ’n mediese praktisyn
praktisyn naamwoord medisyne of regte behandel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Pragmatiese benadering tot

probleemoplossing is ’n
Amerikaanse filosofiese tradisie
byvoeglike verstandig en prakties eerder as wat fokus op die lê van verbande
pragmaties naamwoord teoreties of idealisties tussen praktyk en teorie.

Die pragmatiese politikus dink

prakties wanneer sy waarsku
byvoeglike teen die gevolge van besluite in
naamwoord, die alledaagse lewe van die
pragmaties bywoord op ’n praktiese manier gemeenskap.

denkrigting wat die betekenis

van begrippe vind in die Politici moet pragmatisme
praktiese toepaslikheid daarvan vooropstel wanneer hulle
pragmatisme naamwoord op situasies beloftes aan kiesers maak.

Die pragmatis probeer ’n

iemand wat deur praktiese probleem oplos deur te kyk na
oorwegings gelei word, meer as wat prakties moontlik en
pragmatis naamwoord deur idees uitvoerbaar is.

Die hoofnavorsingsprojek is deur

voorafgaan werkwoord vroeër plaasvind as ’n loodsstudie voorafgegaan.

’n Studieperiode van vyf jaar in

Amerika het sy huidige studie in
voorafgaan werkwoord vroeër as iets anders plaasvind Suid-Afrika voorafgegaan.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Ons doen ’n beroep op hulle om

toestand van eerste aandag te nie toe te laat dat gierigheid
voorrang naamwoord moet kry voorrang kry bo billikheid nie.

Jy moet ook die voorafgaande

byvoeglike gebeure beskryf en nie net die
voorafgaande naamwoord wat voor iets anders gebeur huidige krisis nie.

byvoeglike Ek beskou lojaliteit as ’n kosbare

kosbaar naamwoord van groot waarde eienskap in ’n vriendskap.

Wat ontstellend is, is dat hierdie

konfrontasie kampusonrus kan
ontketen werkwoord iets ernstigs skielik laat gebeur ontketen.

Hy het die personeelkrisis

verhaas deur uit sy pos te
verhaas werkwoord iets te gou laat gebeur bedank.

byvoeglike noukeurig, akkuraat of duidelik Definisies van begrippe moet

presies naamwoord afgebaken presies wees.
Ons kan nie voorspel wat gaan
voorspel werkwoord vooraf vertel gebeur nie.

Die reaksie van die studente op

byvoeglike die lesing was oorwegend
oorwegend naamwoord vir die grootste deel positief.

byvoeglike opvallender of belangriker as Die dood is die oorheersende

oorheersend naamwoord enigiets anders tema van die gedig.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n onredelike afkeer van iemand Wette teen rasgebaseerde

of iets, veral as dit gebaseer is vooroordele moet streng
vooroordeel naamwoord op ras, godsdiens, geslag, ens. toegepas word.

wat sy oorsprong het in ’n Mense met ’n bevooroordeelde

onredelike afkeer van iemand of siening van andersdenkendes
byvoeglike iets, veral as dit gebaseer is op toon ’n gebrek aan objektiewe
bevooroordeeld naamwoord ras, godsdiens, geslag, ens. denke.

voorafgaande of ter Die atleet het goed gevaar in die

byvoeglike voorbereiding van iets voorafgaande wedlope, maar die
voorafgaande naamwoord belangrikers hoofwedloop verloor.

Jy mag nie aan die eksamen

’n eksamen wat ’n belangriker deelneem tensy jy aan die
voorbereidende eksamen voorafgaan, dikwels voorbereidende eksamen
eksamen woordgroep ter voorbereiding daarop deelgeneem het nie.

Ons regstelsel is gebaseer op die

’n idee wat die basis van ’n aanname dat jy onskuldig is
aanname naamwoord argument vorm totdat jy skuldig bevind word.

’n stelling waaruit ’n ander

stelling afgelei word of waaruit ’n Gevolgtrekking volg op ’n
uitgangspunt naamwoord ’n gevolgtrekking voortvloei uitgangspunt.

’n stelling maak wat jy as waar

aanvaar en dit te gebruik om Hy het vooronderstel dat alle
vooronderstel werkwoord ander idees te ontwikkel geslagte gelyk is.
dit wat die grootste gewig by Die oorwig van opinie lê by die
oorwig naamwoord iemand dra gematigde denkers.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n woord wat die plek van iets In die sin Die boek is in die
aandui of ’n verband tussen biblioteek, dui die voorsetsel (in)
voorsetsel naamwoord twee referente in ’n sin plek aan.
Sy bied haar referaat oortuigend
aanbied werkwoord iets soos ’n toespraak lewer aan.

Die student se aanbieding was

besonder oortuigend, want sy
het haar stellings ondersteun
die lewering van iets soos ’n met voorbeelde wat sy met
aanbieding naamwoord toespraak of ’n referaat rekenaargrafika toegelig het.

respek en belangrikheid wat

verdien is vir dinge wat gedoen Haar loopbaan as skrywer het
aansien naamwoord is haar aansien besorg.
aanneem dat iets die geval is of Ek veronderstel jy kom nog na
veronderstel werkwoord waar is die partytjie toe.

Aangesien sy reeds twee artikels

veronderstel dat iets bestaan of gepubliseer het, word daar
waar is, hoewel dit nog nie aangeneem dat sy in staat is om
aanneem werkwoord bewys is nie haar PhD te voltooi.

Onlangse besoekers het dalk die

ongerepte omgewing en veilige,
vriendelike atmosfeer wat nou
heers werkwoord algemeen wees of bestaan daar heers, opgemerk.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Verskillende opvattings oor dood

en siektes is algemeen
op ’n bepaalde tyd op ’n gedurende verskillende periodes
algemeen wees woordgroep bepaalde plek bestaan van die geskiedenis.

byvoeglike wat iets anders in tyd of Die vorige hoofstuk het oor die
vorige naamwoord volgorde voorafgaan menslike skelet gehandel.

’n Primêre oorsaak van

byvoeglike eerste in rang, belangrikheid of babasterftes is ’n gebrek aan
primêr naamwoord waarde skoon water.

byvoeglike Rook is die vernaamste oorsaak

vernaam naamwoord mees basiese of belangrikste van longkanker.
Die hoofkomponent van aardgas
hoof- woorddeel belangrikste is metaan.
’n wet, reël of teorie waarop iets Swaartekrag is een van die
beginsel naamwoord gebaseer is basiese beginsels van fisika.

In beginsel sou ons binnekort

vakansies op die maan kon
beginsel naamwoord in die algemeen geniet.

gesê van iemand van wie dit bly Ons filosofieprofessor is ’n

byvoeglike dat hy of sy tussen reg en beginselvaste man wat nie van sy
beginselvas naamwoord verkeerd kan onderskei lewensbeginsels afwyk nie.

byvoeglike Hy het voorafgaande kennis van

voorafgaande naamwoord vroeër die bedrog gehad.

in volgorde van belangrikheid Jy moet jou aktiwiteite prioriseer,

prioriseer werkwoord plaas anders sal jy jou studies afskeep.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die welsyn van ons kinders is ons

grootste bekommernis, en hulle
die ding wat volgens iemand die beste belang is ons eerste
prioriteit naamwoord belangrikste is prioriteit.

Dit is waarskynlik dat verskillende

resultate verkry sal word,
byvoeglike wat vermoedelik sal gebeur of aangesien die grondtoestande
waarskynlik naamwoord waar is verskil het.

Gesinsgeweld kom waarskynlik

ook in welgestelde huishoudings
waarskynlik bywoord byna seker, sover ’n mens weet voor.
iets wat as sleg of skadelik Ons grootste probleem vandag is
probleem naamwoord beskou word werkloosheid.

Dit is uiters problematies as

studente plagiaat pleeg,
byvoeglike wat probleme veroorsaak, of aangesien dit die integriteit van
problematies naamwoord moeilik is om op te los die akademiese wêreld skaad.

Die hoë werkloosheidsyfer

probleme veroorsaak of iets nog problematiseer die
problematiseer werkwoord ingewikkelder maak misdaadsituasie verder.

Jy het vier uit vyf op hierdie vlak

behaal en jy kan aangaan na die
aangaan werkwoord om voort te gaan volgende vlak van die program.

’n reeks handelinge wat verrig Skryf as ’n proses behels

word om ’n bepaalde resultaat beplanning, skryf, hersiening en
proses naamwoord te bereik redigering.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Skryf is ’n dinamiese intellektuele

’n reeks handeling wat proses van skryf en herskryf
onderneem word met ’n totdat jy seker is dat lesers jou
proses naamwoord bepaalde doel voor oë teks sal verstaan.

byvoeglike Navorsers wat hul navorsing

naamwoord, as ’n proses met die doel om ’n prosesmatig aanpak, neem
prosesmatig bywoord sekere uitkoms te bereik langer om hul graad te voltooi.

Statistieke Suid-Afrika verwerk

inligting in ’n rekenaar invoer jaarliks ’n groot hoeveelheid
verwerk werkwoord om dit te kan gebruik data.

Jy moet die dienste van ’n

prokureur bekom om die geskil
bekom werkwoord kry of verkry te hanteer.

Akademici moet jaarliks ’n aantal

akademiese artikels produseer
produseer werkwoord maak of lewer om hul loopbaan te bevorder.

Die produk van haar jare lange

eindresultaat van iets wat navorsing was ’n briljante
produk naamwoord gemaak of geproduseer is proefskrif.

in staat om groot hoeveelhede Uit haar vier artikels vanjaar kan

byvoeglike voedsel, gewasse, goedere, ens. ’n mens sien dat sy akademies
produktief naamwoord te produseer produktief was.

wat ’n besondere beroep

byvoeglike beoefen en spesifiek daarvoor Die onderneming wil jong
professioneel naamwoord opgelei is professionele mense werf.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

iemand wat werk doen Dit is nie moeilik om te sien dat

waarvoor spesiale opleiding die skrynwerk deur ’n vakman
professionele persoon woordgroep nodig is gedoen is nie.

Ek verstaan die meeste van dr.

Van Jaarsveld se lesings ten spyte
byvoeglike van hul diepgaande aard, omdat
diepgaande naamwoord wat groot kennis of insig toon hy konsepte so duidelik verklaar.

Dit is dikwels moeilik vir die

haastige leser om ’n diepsinnige
byvoeglike wat intense of diep emosie argument te lees en dit werklik te
diepsinnig naamwoord behels verstaan.

groot kennis en die deurdring

diepte naamwoord tot die kern van idees Dit was ’n gebeurtenis vol diepte.

Dit is ’n uitdaging vir vinnige

lesers om die diepgang van
sekere literêre tekste te verstaan,
’n saak van groot diepte en want dit is tydrowend om dit met
diepgang naamwoord intensiteit gedagtes en aandag te lees.

Tydens die vordering van die

proses van voortgang of studie het sekere beperkings en
vordering naamwoord ontwikkeling struikelblokke duidelik geword.

Die vordering in die prestasie van

die proses om geleidelik na ’n die student word weerspieël
meer gevorderde toestand te deur die verbetering in haar
vordering naamwoord beweeg punte.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike Daar was ’n progressiewe

naamwoord, verbetering in die student se
progressief bywoord wat in fases ontwikkel punte.
Rook word in die meeste
verbied werkwoord iets belet restaurante verbied.
’n belangrike en noukeurig Hy moet drie projekte vir
projek naamwoord beplande stuk werk Rekeningkunde 101 voltooi.

Die besigheid het voorspel dat sy

beplan of bereken wat gaan wins in die volgende jaar met 20
voorspel werkwoord gebeur persent sou styg.

Hy het sy invloed gebruik om

bydra tot die vordering of groei liberale sienings in sy
bevorder werkwoord van geboorteland te bevorder.
Sy is tot departementshoof
bevorder werkwoord na ’n hoër rang of posisie skuif bevorder.
Die dokumente is bewys dat hy
bewys naamwoord inligting wat wys dat iets waar is bedrog gepleeg het.

’n bepaalde opvatting of Die sendelinge het hul godsdiens

propageer werkwoord spesifieke inligting versprei in Afrika propageer.

Kinders wat in disfunksionele

’n geneigdheid om op ’n sekere huise grootword, kan ’n neiging
neiging naamwoord manier op te tree tot geweld openbaar.
’n Klein gedeelte van die aarde se
gedeelte naamwoord deel van ’n geheel vulkane is aktief.

die verhouding van een ding tot Jou punt sal verbeter in
’n ander in grootte, hoeveelheid verhouding tot die hoeveelheid
verhouding naamwoord of getal moeite wat jy doen.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die man het ’n eweredige

liggaamsbou, want sy bolyf is in
onderlinge betrekking ten harmoniese verhouding tot sy
verhouding naamwoord opsigte van die geheel onderlyf.
onderlinge betrekking ten Die proporsies van die gebou het
proporsie naamwoord opsigte van die geheel dit vreemd laat lyk.

Almal het die voorsitter se

voorstel dat die komitee vir
gewoonlik ’n formele of middagete verdaag, met dank
voorstel naamwoord skriftelike voorstel of plan aanvaar.

Die voorsitter stel voor dat die

’n voorstel maak, gewoonlik komitee vir middagete verdaag
voorstel werkwoord formeel of skriftelik omdat almal honger is.

Die komiteelede het die

byvoeglike voorsitter se voorgestelde
voorgestel naamwoord wat aan die hand gedoen word optrede dadelik uitgevoer.

Daar is geen onmiddellike

vooruitsig om die
die moontlikheid van navorsingsproduktiwiteit te
vooruitsig naamwoord toekomstige sukses verhoog nie.

die aanvaarde maniere van Volgens haar protokol vir

dinge doen onder sekere navorsing is haar benadering een
protokol naamwoord formele omstandighede van gemengde metodes.

Die doel van die wetenskap is om

byvoeglike ’n hipotese te toets om te sien of
bewysbaar naamwoord wat bewys kan word dit bewysbaar is.

Hy het bewys dat sukrose nie

nadeliger as fruktose vir
bewys werkwoord bewyse lewer dat iets waar is diabetiese pasiënte is nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike waarvan aangetoon is dat dit Die geldigheid van sy teorie

bewese naamwoord waar is berus op nuut bewese feite.

Die handboeke wat verskaf word,

voldoen nie aan die studente se
verskaf werkwoord gee of beskikbaar stel behoeftes nie.

die handeling of proses om ’n Die navorsing kom kort ná die

teks of tekste te versorg, te druk publikasie van ’n boek oor Suid-
publikasie naamwoord en te versprei Afrikaanse emigrasiepatrone.

Die verrigtinge volg op die

publikasie van ’n regeringsverslag
die handeling om iets aan die oor die plaaslike rolprent- en
publikasie naamwoord publiek bekend te maak televisiebedryf.

Die publikasie is saamgestel deur

iets wat van die pers in die die opleidings-en-
publikasie naamwoord publieke domein kom ontwikkelingsbeampte.

’n teks voorberei en uitgee vir

openbare verspreiding of om Sy het iemand gekry om haar
publiseer werkwoord verkoop te word gedigte te publiseer.
iets wat verkry word deur geld Die skootrekenaar was ’n
aankoop naamwoord daarvoor te betaal noodsaaklike aankoop.

iets kry deur geld daarvoor te Hulle het pas ’n aanbod

koop werkwoord betaal onderteken om die huis te koop.
Hy gee voor om namens die
voorgee werkwoord beweer dat dit die geval is inwoners te praat.

Die doel van haar mediese

studies is om ’n suksesvolle
doel naamwoord oogmerk of doelwit kinderarts te word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Aan die doelgerigte manier

waarop sy studeer, kan ’n mens
byvoeglike met ’n spesifieke oogmerk of sien dat sy die jaar met lof wil
doelgerig naamwoord doel voor oë slaag.

oor ’n tydperk iets probeer Met leiding en ondersteuning

nastreef werkwoord bereik streef sy haar drome na.

Gelowige mense hou van boeke

strekking naamwoord doel of neiging met ’n godsdienstige strekking.

’n ekstra brokkie inligting wat

iets wat vooraf gesê, geskryf of Sy het die voorstel sonder
voorbehoud naamwoord geglo is, beperk voorbehoud verwelkom.

beperking van die betekenis van

’n woord of stelling om dit
kwalifisering naamwoord minder algemeen te maak Die stelling benodig kwalifisering.

’n eksamen wat jy geslaag het,

vaardighede of ervaring wat jou
in staat stel om ’n spesifieke Die student was nie eerlik oor sy
kwalifikasie naamwoord werk te doen kwalifikasies nie.

Die byvoeglike naamwoord

bepaal die selfstandige
bepaal werkwoord meer inligting verskaf naamwoord.

met meer besonderhede, Sekere stellings sal gekwalifiseer

bewyse of voorbeelde moet word om die argument
kwalifiseer werkwoord ondersteun sterker te maak.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n eksamen slaag of suksesvol

wees in ’n sportkompetisie
sodat jy met die volgende fase
kan voortgaan of gereed is om Haar pa het 28 jaar gelede as
kwalifiseer werkwoord ’n spesifieke werk te doen onderwyser gekwalifiseer.

Die byvoeglike naamwoord staan

byvoeglike in ’n kwalifiserende verhouding
kwalifiserend naamwoord wat iets nader beskryf tot die selfstandige naamwoord.

byvoeglike wat die gehalte eerder as die Oop vrae is gebruik om

kwalitatief naamwoord hoeveelheid van iets meet kwalitatiewe data in te samel.

wat nagevors of ontleed word Kwalitatiewe navorsing fokus op

byvoeglike deur die kwaliteit daarvan te die eksperimentele proses en die
kwalitatief naamwoord beskryf invloed van konteks op data.

Die kwaliteit van haar navorsing

’n standaard, gemeet aan ander is die produk van kundigheid en
kwaliteit naamwoord dinge toewyding.

Data wat numeries en wiskundig

byvoeglike wat deur meting nagevors of ontleed kan word, is kwantitatief
kwantitatief naamwoord ontleed kan word van aard.

In die laaste paar jaar is groei

doelbewus beperk sodat daar op
gehalte eerder as kwantiteit
kwantiteit naamwoord meetbare hoeveelheid gekonsentreer kan word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Einstein het Niels Bohr se

kwantumteorie vroeg in die
om vrae te stel, dikwels in 20ste eeu ernstig bevraagteken,
amptelike of akademiese omdat hy nie in die geldigheid
bevraagteken werkwoord verband daarvan geglo het nie.

Niels Bohr het Einstein se

bevraagtekening van sy
kwantumteorie tydens die groot
byeenkoms van wetenskaplikes
in 1927 weerlê deur bewyse te
lewer vir elkeen van Einstein se
bevraagtekening naamwoord kritiese proses van vrae te stel vrae.

woorde van ’n ander persoon, As jy aanhalings wil gebruik in ’n

wat iemand in sy of haar eie teks wat jy skryf, moet die
skryfwerk of toespraak gebruik, bronne van sulke aanhalings
aanhaling naamwoord met ’n aanduiding van die bron behoorlik erken word.

Hy haal uit ’n betroubare bron

iets wat iemand anders gesê aan om aan sy eie skryfwerk
het, presies net so in jou eie groter geloofwaardigheid te
aanhaal werkwoord werk herhaal verleen.

wat net so uit ’n ander teks

byvoeglike gehaal is sonder om enigiets Aangehaalde woorde moet
aangehaal naamwoord daaraan te verander tussen aanhalingstekens staan.

nuut en anders, en wat Dis aanloklik om op baie terreine

byvoeglike waarskynlik ’n sterk uitwerking van jou lewe ingrypende
ingrypend naamwoord sal hê veranderings aan te bring.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike ten gunste van ingrypende Destyds is sy progressiewe

radikaal naamwoord politieke verandering beskouings as radikaal beskou.

Godsdienstige radikale het die

iemand wat radikale sieninge katedraal binnegestorm en
radikaal naamwoord het. beelde van heiliges omgestamp.

Hy het ’n ewekansige steekproef

van 1 500 huisvroue gebruik om
byvoeglike so gekies dat alle moontlike hul mening oor die sortering van
ewekansig naamwoord keuses ’n gelyke kans het afval in die huis te bepaal.

Die bevindings is gebaseer op ’n

op so ’n manier dat alle ewekansige steekproefopname
byvoeglike moontlike keuses ’n gelyke kans onder 1 450 geregistreerde
ewekansig naamwoord het om oorweeg te word kiesers in Suid-Afrika.

byvoeglike ’n Opeenstapeling van lukrake

naamwoord, sonder ’n plan of logiese feite kom dikwels in werkstukke
lukraak bywoord volgorde voor.

byvoeglike sonder ’n plan of logiese Toe die vloeistof verhit was, het
lukraak naamwoord volgorde molekules lukraak begin beweeg.

Die willekeurigheid van stellings

sonder motivering is een van die
toestand van sonder ’n plan of redes waarom studente hul
willekeurigheid naamwoord logiese volgorde te wees werkopdragte druip.

Die sagtewarepakket het ’n

allerhande dinge van dieselfde verskeidenheid toepassings in
verskeidenheid naamwoord algemene soort bourekene.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy gaan met die

onderwysdepartement praat om
te kyk hoe skole betrek kan word
by ’n reeks kompetisies van
plakkate ontwerp tot liedjies
reeks naamwoord die perke waarbinne iets wissel skryf.
om tussen twee spesifieke perke Pryse wissel tussen R5 000 en R7
wissel werkwoord te wissel 000.
’n aantal dinge dek naas dit wat Haar belangstellings wissel van
wissel werkwoord genoem is meganika tot visvang.

Die gekeurde tennisspelers is

byvoeglike almal onder die toptien van die
gekeur naamwoord volgens gehalte ingedeel land.

Die verhouding van 32 leerders

per onderwyser is vasgestel na
oorlegpleging met
’n verhouding tussen twee onderwysersunies en
verhouding naamwoord getalle of hoeveelhede skoolbeheerliggame.

Ons wag op ’n rasionele

byvoeglike wat rede gebruik of op rede verduideliking van die
rasioneel naamwoord gebaseer is eienaardige wetgewing.

byvoeglike wat rede gebruik of op rede Ons moet verstandige besluite

verstandig naamwoord gebaseer is neem wat in ons eie belang is.

byvoeglike wat rede gebruik of op rede Dink asseblief twee keer hieroor
redelik naamwoord gebaseer is en neem dan ’n redelike besluit.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Mense gebruik dikwels die

sielkundige truuk van
rasionalisering as
verdedigingsmeganisme om hul
swak gedrag deur middel van
handeling of proses van te vereenvoudigde argumente te
rasionalisering naamwoord rasionaliseer regverdig.

die gee van redes vir gedrag wat Hy bied allerhande

die optrede logies laat klink, rasionaliserings vir sy vreemde
rasionalisering naamwoord maar wat agterna bedink is gedrag aan.

’n Woordvoerder het bevestig

die proses om ’n onderneming dat die maatskappy met ’n plan
of bedryf doeltreffender te vir rasionalisering voortgaan,
maak, veral deur personeel te maar gesê die afleggingsyfers is
rasionalisering naamwoord verminder nog nie gefinaliseer nie.

Hitler se herbesetting van die

Ruhr-gebied was ’n berekende
’n rasionele verduideliking of besluit, daarom kan historici dit
rasionaliseer werkwoord regverdiging gee rasionaliseer.

Die regering moet nou

rasionaliseer en staatsdiensposte
besnoei, omdat die land duidelik
besteding verminder en nie die salarisrekening van
werksgeleenthede deur staatsamptenare kan bekostig
rasionaliseer werkwoord afleggings verminder nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sy gerasionaliseerde argumente
het niemand geflous nie, want
byvoeglike wat in die sfeer van die rede of almal het geweet wat regtig
gerasionaliseer naamwoord die logika ingetrek is gebeur.

Dit is eintlik onbegryplik dat

mense wat in ’n sogenaamde
enige denkrigting wat die rol van postmoderne tyd leef, nog
die rede in die verwerwing van terugval in die rasionalisme van
rasionalisme naamwoord kennis oorskat twee eeue gelede.

’n Rasionalistiese benadering tot

probleemoplossing ontken die
ewe geldige rol wat emosies,
intuïsie, sensualiteit en
byvoeglike te sterk gefokus op die redelike verbeelding binne die menslike
rasionalisties naamwoord ten koste van die geestelike redenasie kan speel.

Wanneer die rykes glo dat die

armes in opstand sal kom,
reageer hulle deur drakoniese
reageer werkwoord ’n reaksie op iets toon beperkings in te stel.

Studente reageer gewoonlik

positief op ’n entoesiastiese
reageer werkwoord op ’n bepaalde manier reageer dosent.

Dit is duidelik uit die positiewe

reaksie van die studente dat
reaksie naamwoord aksie in reaksie op iets hulle die lesing geniet het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Vir haar was die gradeplegtigheid

die bereiking van iets waarvoor die verwesenliking van haar
verwesenliking naamwoord gewag is of waarna uitgesien is droom.

van ’n bepaalde situasie of feit Twintig jaar later het hy besef dat
besef werkwoord bewus raak hy ’n fout gemaak het.

Sy het uiteindelik ingesien dat

insien werkwoord iets met insig verstaan haar optrede verkeerd was.

Ná agt jaar van toegewyde studie

het sy haar droom van ’n
iets bereik waarvoor gewag is of doktorsgraad in fisika
verwesenlik werkwoord waarna uitgesien is verwesenlik.

Ons wag steeds vir ’n

verduideliking van die redes vir
verduideliking of regverdiging vir die vreemde wet, sodat ons kan
rede naamwoord iets verstaan waarom dit aanvaar is.
Daar is goeie redes vir die
rede naamwoord verduideliking vir iets aanleer van ’n tweede taal.

die vermoë van die verstand om

opinies te vorm en argumente Menslike rede het die mag om
rede naamwoord te verstaan die samelewing te verander.

Haar argument bevat voldoende

redes om haar luisteraars te
rede naamwoord verduideliking of regverdiging oortuig.

’n situasie beoordeel, gebaseer Hulle redeneer dat verhoogde

op bewyse wat op ’n logiese verbruik die ekonomie kan
redeneer werkwoord manier verskaf word. verbeter.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

jou verstand gebruik en jou Sy het logies geredeneer sodat

standpunt deur logiese denke almal maklik haar standpunt kon
redeneer werkwoord stel volg.
manier waarop geredeneer Haar redenasie het haar
redenasie naamwoord word luisteraars oortuig.

Die dosent beveel Combrink se

vir iemand sê dat iets vir ’n boek oor die skryf van paragrawe
aanbeveel werkwoord bepaalde doel geskik sal wees aan.

vir iemand sê dat iets vir ’n ’n Vriend het hierdie hotel

aanbeveel werkwoord bepaalde doel geskik sal wees aanbeveel.

Die meeste studente steur hulle

aan die dosent se aanbevelings
die raad dat iets vir ’n spesifieke oor watter boeke hulle moet
aanbeveling naamwoord doel geskik sal wees lees.

byvoeglike aanbeveel as geskik vir ’n Die studente vind die aanbevole

aanbevole naamwoord spesifieke doel boek nuttig.

Mens kan nie die uiteenlopende

teenstrydighede neutraliseer en politieke sienings van sosialisme
versoen werkwoord akkommodeer en kommunisme versoen nie.

Die openingshoofstukke van die

uitwei oor ’n ervaring in die boek vertel van die glorie van die
volgorde waarin die gebeure monarg en die lojaliteit van sy
vertel werkwoord plaasgevind het volk.

In sy outobiografie bied hy ’n
’n chronologiese weergawe van vertelling aan van die
’n gebeurtenis of ’n reeks omstandighede wat tot sy
vertelling naamwoord gebeure deportasie gelei het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

na die normale toestand

terugkeer nadat ’n probleem
van die een of ander aard
herstel werkwoord ondervind is Hy herstel nog van ’n beroerte.

dieselfde bedrag terugkry wat jy Die kleinhandelaar moet meer

oorspronklik uitgegee het of wat vra om die koste van die
verhaal werkwoord iemand jou geskuld het opknapping te verhaal.

Niemand kan sê dat so ’n vloed

of ’n groter vloed nie weer
volgende maand, volgende jaar
of volgende dekade sal voorkom
voorkom verb herhaal word nie.

byvoeglike Skuld en trots is terugkerende

terugkerend naamwoord wat weer voorkom temas in sy werk.
iets na iemand met meer gesag Die saak is na die Hooggeregshof
verwys werkwoord of kennis stuur verwys.

Die geskrewe bronne waarna hy

in sy tesis verwys, is ietwat
verwys werkwoord ’n bron erken verouderd.

’n ander afdeling van dieselfde

bron of ’n ander bron raadpleeg
verwys werkwoord om inligting te vind Ek verwys u graag na bladsy 88.

Selfs as jy in jou eie woorde oor

’n skrywer se siening skryf, moet
jy steeds verwys na die skrywer
en bronteks wat jy geraadpleeg
verwys werkwoord ’n skrywer of teks noem het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Ek het die verwysing na Stanley

iets wat jy sê of skryf waarin jy se boek in my kollega se jongste
verwysing naamwoord ’n persoon of ’n bron vermeld artikel gekry.

Die lys verwysings is vergelyk met

iets wat jy sê of skryf wat ’n die bronne wat in die proefskrif
verwysing naamwoord persoon of ’n bron meld aangehaal word.

’n boek wat geraadpleeg kan

word vir inligting oor spesifieke Die dosent hou die naslaanwerk
naslaanwerk naamwoord aangeleenthede op reserwe in die biblioteek.

Die geraadpleegde bron wat my

byvoeglike kollega so beïndruk, is
geraadpleeg naamwoord verkry deur ’n teks te raadpleeg inderwaarheid reeds verouderd.

Die databasis is verfyn om vorige

iets, soos ’n teorie, beter maak soektogte te onthou en dit met
verfyn werkwoord deur veranderinge aan te bring nuwe soektogte te kombineer.

In die inleiding word daar krities

besin oor die voor- en nadele van
besin werkwoord deeglik oor iets nadink die neoliberale universiteit.

In hul opstelle moes studente

besin oor hul ervarings wat hulle
verwagtinge, persepsies en tydens ’n besoek aan ’n
gevoelens oor ’n ervaring tengersorgsentrum opgedoen
besin werkwoord uitdruk het.

As ’n mens verstandig is, dink jy

na voordat jy besluite oor jou
nadink werkwoord deeglik en diep oor iets besin toekoms neem.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Nadenke is nie net die uitstaande

die handeling van deeglik oor kenmerk van die filosoof nie,
nadenke naamwoord iets na te dink maar ook van die ware student.

Sonder refleksie as ’n proses van

innerlike ondersoek is ons gelyk
die handeling van die intellek te aan die dier wat bloot op instink
refleksie naamwoord gebruik en oor iets na te dink leef.

byvoeglike gekenmerk deur diep en Die besinnende mens probeer

besinnend naamwoord deeglike nadenke oor iets krities nadink oor sy optrede.

Suid-Afrika het sy
onderwysstelsel opnuut hervorm
om nie net op uitkomste te fokus
hervorm werkwoord iets beter maak nie, maar ook op die proses.

Die ekonomiese hervormings het

beteken dat meer
’n verandering aan ’n stelsel om werkgeleenthede beskikbaar
hervorming naamwoord dit beter te maak was.

byvoeglike bewys dat ’n teorie of stelling

weerlegbaar naamwoord verkeerd is Sy teorie is maklik weerlegbaar.

Die ekoloog se briljante

weerlegging van bestaande
bewys dat ’n teorie of stelling teorieë oor aardverwarming was
weerlegging naamwoord verkeerd is voorbladnuus.

Oor die jare het baie geleerdes

bewys dat ’n teorie of stelling Einstein se teorieë probeer
weerlê werkwoord verkeerd is weerlê.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die aangeklaagde se regspan het

bewys dat ’n teorie of stelling al die aanklagte teen hul kliënt
weerlê werkwoord verkeerd is suksesvol weerlê.

Hulle voorspel dat die nuwe

’n regering, veral een wat nie bewind se heerskappy van korte
bewind naamwoord regverdig verkies is nie duur sal wees.
groot gebied, gewoonlik sonder Kusstreke het tipies ’n matige
streek naamwoord presiese grense reënval.

’n Mens kan in die register van

hierdie geskiedenisboek
alfabetiese lys (agterin) van agtergrondinligting vind oor die
belangrike woorde wat in ’n historiese figure wat ter sprake
register naamwoord boek voorkom is.

Professionele organisasies het

iets deur middel van reëls gedragskodes wat die aktiwiteite
reguleer werkwoord beheer van hul lede reguleer.

die tempo van ’n masjien of Die omleidingsklep reguleer die

reguleer werkwoord proses beheer vloei van hidrouliese vloeistof.

Opvoedvermaakprogramme op
televisie versterk sosiale en
opvoedkundige waardes terwyl
iets sterker maak en (of) dit met dit terselfdertyd die kyker
versterk werkwoord belonings steun vermaak.
iets wat as substandaard beskou Die bord is (fabrieks)uitskot
uitskot naamwoord word omdat dit ’n kraak het.
weier om iets te aanvaar, te
verwerp werkwoord erken of te glo Hy verwerp die evolusieteorie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die vrae hou verband met die 15

sleutelkenmerke van
verband hou woordgroep ’n verband tussen dinge toon toekomstige leiers.
Sy het haar hartseer verhaal aan
vertel werkwoord van iets verslag doen die koerant vertel.

byvoeglike Baie mense sukkel om die

naamwoord, beskou in verhouding tot iets beginsel van relatiewe betekenis
relatief bywoord anders te verstaan.

As jy jou emosies relativeer, kan

dinge in verhouding tot ander dit wees dat jy jou probleme
dinge plaas, wat die absolute wegpraat, hulle te lig stel of jou
relativeer werkwoord waarde daarvan verminder situasie te rooskleurig laat lyk.

teorie dat alle kennis, waarheid, In 1958 wys die digter N.P. van
norme en beginsels relatief is, Wyk Louw daarop dat relativisme
wat impliseer dat dit van een homself dekonstrueer, aangesien
groep, kultuur of situasie na ’n die teorie van relativisme self ’n
relativisme naamwoord ander kan verander absolute stelling is.

volgens die siening dat daar Die siening dat daar nie abstrakte
geen abstrakte universele universele waarhede is wat te
waarhede is wat te alle tye op alle tye op alle volke en kulture
byvoeglike alle volke en kulture van van toepassing is nie, is
relativisties naamwoord toepassing is nie relativisties.

Ons leef in die dimensie van

relatiwiteit – ons verstaan dinge
omdat hulle in verhouding tot
relatiwiteit naamwoord die afwesigheid van standaarde ander dinge bestaan.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
rus terwyl jy iets aangenaams Stres kan beheer word deur tyd
ontspan werkwoord doen te maak vir ontspan.

Mense met hoë stresvlakke kan

hulleself leer ontspan, onder
andere deur
ontspan werkwoord minder gespanne word asemhalingsoefeninge te doen.

Die Departement van

Binnelandse Sake het
verslap werkwoord minder streng maak visumbeperkings verslap.

Hy is uit aanhouding vrygelaat

nadat die aanklagte teruggetrek
vrylaat werkwoord vryheid verleen aan is.
Die regering het die nuwe
vrystel werkwoord aan die publiek bekend maak misdaadstatistieke vrygestel.

Skrywers moet hulle van die

tematiese relevansie van hul
relevansie naamwoord toestand van gepas wees teksfeite vergewis.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, toepaslik vir die konteks van wat Ons het al die relevante
relevant bywoord gedoen word dokumente ontvang.

Dit is belangrik om die toepaslike

byvoeglike ervaring te hê wanneer jy
toepaslik naamwoord wat met iets verband hou aansoek doen vir ’n werk.

byvoeglike Die joernalis het die inligting van

betroubaar naamwoord waarskynlik korrek of waar ’n betroubare bron gekry.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy het getoon dat die navorsing

betroubaar was deur aan te dui
byvoeglike hoe dit met ’n ander groep
betroubaar naamwoord wat herhaal kan word respondente herhaal is.

Die onwilligheid van die

universiteit om in te gryp, het
’n sekere mate van gelei tot ’n uitgebreide
onwilligheid naamwoord teësinnigheid regsproses.

Die navorsingseenheid was

onwillig om te trek weens die
byvoeglike afwesigheid van natuurlike lig in
onwillig naamwoord wat iets nie wil doen nie die nuwe kantore.

Gestremdes maak volledig staat

iets nodig hê of daarvan op hul maandelikse
staatmaak op werkwoord afhanklik wees ongeskiktheidstoelae.

Sy het sterk op die kommentaar

steun op werkwoord vertroue in iets hê van haar toesighouer gesteun.

Nadat die professor sekere

[positiewe] opmerkings oor die
evolusieteorie gemaak het, het
sommige studente skerp
’n (negatiewe) opmerking oor [negatiewe] aanmerkings oor
aanmerking naamwoord iets hom as persoon gemaak.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Terwyl hy ingewikkelde
wiskundige konsepte verduidelik,
merk die dosent skertsend op dat
iets sê met spesiale verwysing studente moet probeer om
opmerk werkwoord na iets anders wakker te bly.

Nadat die professor sekere

[positiewe] opmerkings oor die
evolusieteorie gemaak het, het
sommige studente skerp
’n stukkie (positiewe) [negatiewe] aanmerkings oor
opmerking naamwoord kommentaar oor iets hom as persoon gemaak.

Dit is belangrik om onsuiwerhede

te verwyder voordat jy die twee
verwyder werkwoord iets wegvat stowwe meng.

In die Weste word die

Renaissance algemeen as die
oorgangsfase tussen die begin van die moderne tyd
Renaissance naamwoord Middeleeue en die moderne era beskou.

Die term Afrika-renaissance is

gebore uit die siening dat
ontwikkelende Afrikastate en hul
opbloei, veral op die gebied van mense kultureel, wetenskaplik en
renaissance naamwoord die kunste en letterkunde ekonomies herleef.
Sy het haar dienste gratis aan die
lewer werkwoord iets aan iemand gee skuiling gelewer.
Nuwe tegnologie maak ouer
maak werkwoord iets op ’n sekere manier laat tegnologie verouderd.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
iets op ’n bepaalde manier in ’n Die perd is swak uitgebeeld in die
uitbeeld werkwoord kunswerk weergee skildery.

Die replika van die Van Gogh-

skildery sal nie naastenby soveel
presiese namaaksel van die soos die oorspronklike op die
replika naamwoord oorspronklike veiling behaal nie.

Sy navorsing herhaal vorige werk

herhaal werkwoord weer dieselfde ding produseer wat deur sy kollegas gedoen is.

op ’n opponent se argumente Parlementslede het die reg om

reageer aan die einde van ’n repliek te lewer op die minister
repliek lewer werkwoord debat se toespraak.

M. het die beampte gevra wat

die probleem was, waarop die
polisieman geantwoord het dat
hy in hegtenis geneem is weens
antwoord werkwoord ’n antwoord gee dronkbestuur.

Die Minister van Onderwys se

verslag oor die onvoldoende
kommunikasie oor ’n saak nadat voorsiening van handboeke word
verslag naamwoord dit deeglik ondersoek is vandag bekend gemaak.

Studente wat maatskaplike werk

studeer, moet aan die einde van
die semester verslag doen oor
toestande in informele
verslag doen woordgroep van iets rekenskap gee woongebiede.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die uitgewer het hom

toestemming gegee om die boek
reproduseer werkwoord kopieer te reproduseer.

Kanker kom voor wanneer

die oorspronklike so getrou abnormale selle groei,
reproduseer werkwoord moontlik herhaal reproduseer en ’n gewas vorm.

Sommige dosente verwag

studente moet ander skrywers se
weergee werkwoord in eie woorde stel sienings woordeliks weergee.

Gereproduseerde feite beteken

byvoeglike presies of byna net soos die gewoon dat die persoon iemand
gereproduseer naamwoord oorspronklike anders se stellings napraat.

Reproduksie van feite en

vakkundige sienings beteken nog
iets wat gereproduseer is, nie dat ’n student die vak
reproduksie naamwoord waarvan ’n replika gemaak is verstaan nie.

Hy het die menings van ander

verwerp werkwoord weier om iets te aanvaar Kerke as sy eie verwerp.
Vyf pasiënte het operasies
benodig werkwoord nodig hê benodig.
Rekeningkunde 101 word vir ’n
vereis werkwoord iets noodsaaklik maak BCom-graad vereis.

Die studieprogram in die mediese

wetenskappe verg toewyding van
verg werkwoord iets noodsaak die student.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die student behaal nie die

byvoeglike vereiste punt om sy eksamen te
vereis naamwoord wat nodig is slaag nie.
iets wat verpligtend of Fiksheid is ’n vereiste vir
vereiste naamwoord noodsaaklik is fiksheidsinstrukteurs.

Fiksheid is ’n vereiste vir

vereiste naamwoord ’n noodsaaklike voorwaarde toelating as fiksheidsinstrukteur.

’n noukeurige studie onderneem Ek ondersoek die lewensiklus van

ondersoek werkwoord om nuwe feite te ontdek die blouwalvis.

Daar word van

universiteitsdosente verwag om
’n noukeurige studie onderneem nuwe ontwikkelinge in hul
navors werkwoord om nuwe feite te ontdek vakgebied na te vors.
’n deeglike studie om nuwe feite Alle dosente moet navorsing
navorsing naamwoord te ontdek. doen en ook klasgee.

noukeurige ondersoek wat

nuwe feite ontdek of hipoteses Die navorsing wat die doktorale
bewys, bestaande student tans doen, sal help om
gevolgtrekkings hersien of plastiekbottels by riviermondings
praktiese toepassing vir teorieë te onderskep voordat hulle in die
navorsing naamwoord vind see beland.

byvoeglike sistematies ondersoek; produk Die nagevorsde probleem is

nagevors naamwoord van navorsing gelukkig opgelos.
’n groot voorraad of versameling Die internet is ’n reservoir van
reservoir naamwoord van iets. inligting.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dit het ’n neiging geword dat

volwassenes tot in hulle dertigs
woon werkwoord tuis wees nog by hul ouers woon.

Sy lewe het verander toe hy

byvoeglike inwonende kunstenaar by die
inwonend naamwoord wat in ’n plek woon of werk. sentrum geword het.
iemand wat in ’n plek woon of
inwoner naamwoord werk Hy is ’n inwoner van Kameroen.

die deel van geld of eiendom

wat oorbly nadat al die skuld Die oorskot van die boedel is
oorskot naamwoord betaal is onder die erfgename verdeel.

Hy het bevind dat die

konsentrasie van die
mikroskopiese deeltjies te laag
was, en dat ’n mens meer residu
wat oorbly nadat die hoofdeel op hul hande sou verwag as daar
residu naamwoord weggeneem is skote gevuur is.

Jeff het in sy lewe met baie

ontberings te kampe gehad, tog
teen ongunstige omstandighede was hy altyd veerkragtig en in
byvoeglike bestand en in staat om vinnig te staat om ongunstige
veerkragtig naamwoord herstel omstandighede te oorkom.

Die bestandheid van plante teen

droogte is belangrik wanneer
vermoë om biologies en daar in droë dele van die land
bestandheid naamwoord sielkundig uit en aan te hou geplant word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Daar moet besef word dat

natuurlike hulpbronne wat
gebruik word vir die opwekking
voorraad van iets wat ’n land of van elektrisiteit, soos steenkool
hulpbron naamwoord organisasie besit en kan gebruik en water, nie onbeperk is nie.

Studente het toegang tot

iets wat gebruik kan word om gedrukte materiaal en aanlyn
bron naamwoord om ’n doel te help bereik bronne vir die opdrag.

My twee broers het baie goed

gevaar in hul onderskeie
byvoeglike studierigtings (Fisika en
onderskeie naamwoord verskillende Wiskunde).

Môre skryf Mary en Peter hul

afsonderlik en in die volgorde eksamens in onderskeidelik Frans
onderskeidelik bywoord wat reeds genoem is en Wiskunde.

Die dosent het per e-pos op die

reageer werkwoord op iets reageer vrae van die studente gereageer.
verbeter as gevolg van ’n Die kankerpasiënt het goed
reageer werkwoord spesifieke behandeling gereageer op die bestraling.

Studente reageer gewoonlik

iets sê of doen in antwoord op positief op ’n entoesiastiese
reageer werkwoord iets dosent.

Ek wag op ’n antwoord van die

etiekkomitee rakende my
antwoord naamwoord reaksie op iets. navorsingsvoorstel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die entoesiasme van die dosent

lei dikwels daartoe dat
responsiewe studente vrae stel
byvoeglike en hul mening in die klas
responsief naamwoord as reaksie op iets uitspreek.

’n situasie wat voorheen Beleggersvertroue is blykbaar

bestaan het, terugbring of herstel na die instelling van die
herstel werkwoord herstel nuwe regering.

Hulle moes die pasiënt bedwing

bedwing werkwoord iemand terughou ná sy geestelike ineenstorting.

’n limiet op die grootte, Passasiers word beperk tot een

hoeveelheid of omvang van iets liter gefortifiseerde wyn op
beperk werkwoord plaas oorsese vlugte.

jouself tot ’n sekere aktiwiteit of

’n sekere hoeveelheid van iets Sy het die hoeveelheid vet in
beperk werkwoord beperk haar dieet beperk.

Dosente plaas gewoonlik ’n

beperking op die aantal woorde
wat studente in toetsantwoorde
beperking naamwoord ’n beperkende toestand mag gebruik.

byvoeglike Hierdie beperkende daaglikse

beperkend naamwoord wat grense of perke stel roetine het hom gefrustreer.

Omdat wanbestuur deur die

iets wat gebeur of ontstaan het regering toeneem, is wantroue in
gevolg naamwoord as gevolg van iets anders leierskap die gevolg.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wanbestuur op regeringsvlak
byvoeglike neem toe en gevolglik neem die
gevolglik naamwoord as ’n gevolg vertroue in leierskap af.

Die resultate het getoon dat daar

’n akute gebrek aan kritieke
bestuursvaardighede is, veral op
iets wat gebeur of ontstaan het die gebied van strategiese
resultaat naamwoord as gevolg van iets anders vermoë en leierskap.
’n stof wat in- of opgeneem is, Kompos help om vog in die grond
behou werkwoord terughou te behou.

iemand of iets hou, seker maak Die maatskappy gebruik

dat jy die persoon of ding nie lojaliteitsprogramme om sy
behou werkwoord kwytraak nie klante te behou.

’n Tekort aan voedsame kos

vertraag die groei van kinders in
vertraag werkwoord ’n proses stadiger laat verloop arm lande.

Die opvallende agteruitgang in

die laaste twee werke van die
skrywer is blykbaar te wyte aan
beweging agteruit of daling in ’n seldsame breinsiekte wat
agteruitgang naamwoord kwaliteit onlangs by hom gediagnoseer is.

byvoeglike volgens die eindletters van

retrograad naamwoord woorde gerangskik ’n retrograde woordeboek

die terugkyk en nadink oor eie Ek was te vasgevang in die

optrede, wat dikwels lei tot probleme van die oomblik om die
retrospeksie naamwoord nuwe insig luukse van retrospeksie te geniet.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Terugwerkende oplossings vir

byvoeglike probleme is die resultaat van ’n
naamwoord, wat terugkyk na gebeure of objektiewe blik op
terugwerkend bywoord situasies in die verlede probleemsituasies in die verlede.

Nadat hy die bewerings gemaak

het, moes hy sy bronne
openbaar werkwoord inligting bekend maak openbaar.

Die mees onlangse navorsing het

aan die lig gebring dat ’n
bekend maak wat voorheen proteïenryke dieet skadelik kan
toon werkwoord geheim gehou is wees vir sommige mense.

die totale inkomste voordat Die inkomste is hierdie maand 3

inkomste naamwoord enige aftrekkings gemaak word persent laer as verlede maand.
Die konflik het oor die wêreld
opslae maak woordgroep (ernstige) gevolge hê heen opslae gemaak.

Die koor het die saal in

omgekeerde volgorde verlaat
byvoeglike in die teenoorgestelde volgorde met die aartsdeken wat laaste
omgekeerd naamwoord as die gewone volgorde vertrek.

Die telefoonmaatskappy het die

agterstand omgekeer en al die
heeltemal verander sodat dit die aansoekers wat aansoek doen
teenoorgestelde is van wat dit om telefoonlyne word nou binne
omkeer werkwoord was ’n maand gehelp.
iets verander om dit beter of Jy kan ’n slaagpunt kry as jy jou
hersien werkwoord meer geskik te maak opstel deeglik hersien.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sy het haar werk vir die

werk bestudeer wat jy reeds aanvullende eksamen deeglik
hersien werkwoord geleer het hersien.

Die onderdrukking van Antiochus

het veroorsaak dat die Jode
gesag verwerp, dikwels met onder leiding van die
rebelleer werkwoord geweld Makkabeërs gerebelleer het.

Martin Luther het op 31 Oktober

1517 sy beroemde vyf-en-
negentig stellinge teen die
kerkdeur in Wittenberg
vasgespyker, wat ’n teken was
van die wydverspreide opstand
opstand naamwoord protes teen gesag teen die Kerk.

In die negentigerjare het ’n

hoëspoedskyfaandrywer op jou
rekenaar teen 90 omwentelings
omwenteling naamwoord ’n enkele volledige draai per sekonde gedraai.

’n belangrike verandering in Die industriële revolusie is begin

denk- of doenwyses wat baie deur tegnologiese uitvindings
revolusie naamwoord mense raak soos die drukpers.
Die bespreking het gewentel om
wentel werkwoord op een ding fokus aardverwarming.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

In sy bekende werk, Retorika, het

kuns van logiese argumentasie Aristoteles die reëls van
en oorredingstegnieke tydens argumentvoering in fyn
retorika naamwoord debattering besonderhede uiteengesit.

’n Retoriese vraag vereis geen

antwoord nie, maar betrek die
gehoor of leser by die
byvoeglike waarop daar nie ’n antwoord gedagteproses agter die
retories naamwoord verwag word nie argument.

waarin gebruik gemaak word

byvoeglike van hoogdrawende woorde en Die toon van die opstel was
retories naamwoord oorbodige clichés opgeblase en retories.
’n herhaalde patroon van klanke Die dokter luister na die ritme
ritme naamwoord of bewegings van my hartklop.

Mense het nog altyd geleenthede

patroon teweeggebring deur gereël om met die ritme van die
ritme naamwoord gereelde veranderings seisoene saam te val.

byvoeglike nie buig of van vorm verander Bakteriese selle het stewige
stewig naamwoord nie wande.

Studieleiers moet nooit te rigied

byvoeglike nie bereid of in staat om te wees in hulle advies aan
rigied naamwoord verander nie studente nie.

Navorsing moet gekenmerk word

versigtigheid en aandag aan deur nougesetheid en
nougesetheid naamwoord detail strengheid.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die strengheid van die

deeglikheid om seker te maak wiskundemodule het veroorsaak
strengheid naamwoord iets is korrek dat baie studente gedruip het.

die handelinge en aktiwiteite Die middelklas het ’n kritieke rol

van aan ’n persoon of groep te speel om die ekonomie te help
rol naamwoord toegewys word groei en werk te skep.

fassinerende, geheimsinnige of
verbeeldingryke aura, karakter Baie lesers vind in Barbara
of stemming wat dikwels met Cartland se boeke ’n romantiek
iets avontuurliks, denkbeeldig of wat inherent is aan die ruimte
onwerklik geassosieer word, of van kastele, rykdom en
romantiek naamwoord met iets uit ’n verbygegane era romantiese liefde.

gekenmerk deur ’n Om in die skemer langs die

byvoeglike geïdealiseerde beeld van die waterval te staan, is baie
romanties naamwoord werklikheid romanties.

Oorlog word dikwels

geromantiseer deur mense wat
op ’n romantiese manier self nog nooit in ’n oorlogsituasie
romantiseer werkwoord voorstel moes oorleef nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

beweging in die visuele kunste,

literatuur en musiek wat in die
laat 18de en vroeë 19de eeu ’n
hoogtepunt bereik het,
gekenmerk deur ’n toenemende
belangstelling in die natuur en
die verlede, die klem op die
individu se uitdrukking van Jy kan die Romantiek
emosie en verbeelding, ’n byvoorbeeld definieer as ’n
ontsnapping uit die werklikheid artistieke beweging wat sentraal
en ’n opstand teen bestaande staan in die verhouding tussen
Romantiek naamwoord konvensies en sosiale norme die self en ander.

Die hoofroete na die

’n gevestigde weg of pad om Middellandse See is deur die
roete naamwoord langs te reis Suezkanaal.
’n bepaalde manier om iets te Die vinnigste weg na sukses is
weg naamwoord bereik harde werk.

byvoeglike gebaseer op eenvoudige en Hy het slegs ’n elementêr begrip

elementêr naamwoord basiese feite of idees van geneeskunde gehad.

byvoeglike Prehistoriese mense het

rudimentêr naamwoord basies en onontwikkeld rudimentêre gereedskap gebruik.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Deur middel van sy steekproef

hanteerbare deel van ’n groter van duisend matriekleerders sal
geheel waaruit die navorser met die navorser hopelik genoeg
behulp van gepaste statistiese inligting insamel om geldige
bewerkings die eienskappe van afleidings oor die hele
steekproef naamwoord die geheel kan aflei matriekpopulasie te kan maak.

Sanksies is oorweeg teen alle

ligas en verenigings wat nie die
’n straf om mense wette of basiese veiligheidsbeginsels
sanksie naamwoord gebruike te laat gehoorsaam nagekom het nie.

’n Katoliek kan nie skei sonder

toestemming of goedkeuring vir toestemming van die Katolieke
toestemming naamwoord ’n handeling Kerk nie.

Die volgende stelling getuig van

sarkasme: Sjoe, maar julle is te
bytende spot, bedoel om seer te slim vir woorde. Die helfte van
sarkasme naamwoord maak julle druip die toets met lof.

wat ironie gebruik om te spot en Haar sarkastiese woorde was

byvoeglike die teenoorgestelde sê van wat gerig aan die helfte van die klas
sarkasties naamwoord bedoel word wat hul toetse gedruip het.

’n natuurlike liggaam in die

ruimte wat om ’n groter liggaam Die maan is een van die aarde se
satelliet naamwoord wentel. satelliete.

’n land, dorp of organisasie wat Baie Oos-Europese lande was

satelliet naamwoord deur ’n groter een beheer word Russiese satelliete.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n masjien wat die ruimte Die weersatelliet stuur

ingestuur is en wat om ’n waardevolle inligting terug aarde
satelliet naamwoord planeet wentel toe.

die gebruik dat menslike of

maatskaplike dwaashede,
tekortkominge of wanpraktyke
op ’n spottende, ironiese of Die rubriek bied ’n platform vir
sarkastiese manier aan die kaak die redakteur om weekliks ’n
satire naamwoord gestel word satire oor sy vyande te plaas.

byvoeglike
naamwoord,
hekelend bywoord spottend of uitdagend ’n hekelende styl

Die satiriese styl van Shapiro se

politieke tekenprente ontstel
byvoeglike politici dikwels omdat hul foute
satiries naamwoord wat satire gebruik ontmasker word.

Tekenprente satiriseer oor die

kritiek lewer deur middel van algemeen politici se foute en
satiriseer werkwoord satire menslike swakhede.

Sommige sketse in koerante

satireer onder meer die foute
satiriseer werkwoord satire gebruik van politici.

iets of iemand heeltemal met

iets vul sodat niks meer Die mark is versadig met
versadig werkwoord bygevoeg kan word nie selfoonvervaardigers.

Sy het die artikel gevluglees om

vinnig na iets kyk, bv. ’n teks, om inligting oor die oorsake van
vluglees werkwoord relevante inligting te vind aardverwarming te vind.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

om ’n beeld van ’n dokument te Die terminoloog skandeer

bekom deur middel van ’n relevante wetenskaplike artikels
apparaat wat lig of ’n ander om ’n korpus van akademiese
skandeer werkwoord middel gebruik woorde te bou.

lees met die oë wat vinnig oor Wanneer jy na ’n brokkie inligting

die bladsy beweeg op soek na soek, skandeer jou oë die teks
skandeer werkwoord spesifieke woorde sonder om elke woord te lees.

vinnige oogbeweging oor ’n Soeklees is die tegniek om

bladsy om na spesifieke woorde inligting in ’n teks te soek sonder
soeklees naamwoord te soek om elke woord te lees.

Die draaiboekskrywer het drie

’n skets in breë trekke of scenario’s vir drie rolprente
scenario naamwoord opsomming van ’n toneelstuk voltooi.

Die dosent het aan die studente

die beskrywing van ’n vier verskillende scenario's gegee
gebeurtenis of reeks gebeure waarop hulle die raamwerk moes
scenario naamwoord wat as voorbeeld kan dien toepas.

’n lys van tye waarop beplande Hulle het die vuurpyllanseerder

skedule naamwoord dinge sal plaasvind voor skedule voltooi.

Die lugdiens het ekstra vlugte

gedurende die vakansieseisoen
skeduleer werkwoord iets by ’n skedule insluit geskeduleer.

Hierdie skema dien as ’n

verwagtingsraamwerk vir die
skema naamwoord hoofpunte van ’n plan of teorie projek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
’n uitgebreide en sistematiese Baie mense wat werk, is lid van ’n
skema naamwoord plan van aksie pensioenskema.

kennis van verskynsels en wette

wat as geldig aanvaar word
omdat dit verkry is deur middel
van ’n sistematiese proses van
teoretisering, presiese In die eksakte wetenskappe
waarneming, eksperimentering, maak navorsers selde
wetenskap naamwoord kontrole en argumentasie emosionele uitsprake.

Die wetenskaplike aard van die

kongres was duidelik in die
manier waarop sprekers hulle
bevindings binne die raamwerk
van hul navorsingsteorieë en
byvoeglike eksperimentele opset verduidelik
wetenskaplik naamwoord op wetenskap gebaseer het.

Die navorsing wat die nagraadse

student doen, val nie binne die
bestek van die
bestek naamwoord raamwerk Geesteswetenskappe nie.

’n gebied waarbinne iets werk of Die polisie het die omvang van
omvang naamwoord mag of beheer het hulle ondersoek uitgebrei.
die reikwydte van ’n boek, Die omvang van die navorsing is
omvang naamwoord bespreking, ens. indrukwekkend.

die getal punte wat jy vir ’n Studente is gewoonlik stil oor die
punt naamwoord toets of werkopdrag ontvang punte wat hulle vir wiskunde kry.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example
’n Muishond skei ’n stink
afskei werkwoord ’n vloeibare stof produseer vloeistof af.

Die vyf afdelings van die

fisikahandboek handel oor vyf
afdeling naamwoord onderdeel van ’n geheel afsonderlike temas.

Die raad van oudstes bestuur ’n

een van verskeie onderdele of gedeelte van hul grond as ’n
gedeelte naamwoord stukke wat by ander pas wildreservaat.
Hulle het die boek in 17
verdeel werkwoord iets in kleiner dele indeel hoofstukke verdeel.

’n bepaalde aspek van die lewe Daar is ’n algemene tekort aan

sektor naamwoord of ’n aktiwiteit dokters in die openbare sektor.
Daardie afdeling het ’n groot
bekom werkwoord om iets te bekom of te bereik boukontrak bekom.

byvoeglike Hy het so veilig gevoel in sy werk

veilig naamwoord vry van gevaar of risiko dat hy ’n nuwe huis gekoop het.
Hy het probeer om sy Engels te
probeer werkwoord iets probeer doen of kry verbeter.
’n Segment van die skildery was
segment naamwoord ’n kleiner deel van iets beskadig.

Sy het die lemoen gesegmenteer

segmenteer werkwoord iets in kleiner dele verdeel sodat elke kind ’n stuk kon hê.

Twintig finaliste is gekies om aan

die volgende ronde deel te
kies werkwoord iets of iemand versigtig uitsoek neem.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hondetelers gebruik slegs

byvoeglike noukeurig gekies volgens sekere uitgesoekte honde om rasegte
uitgesoek naamwoord standaarde stambome te onderhou.

byeenkoms van kundiges en Die naweek word ’n

studente in ’n spesifieke entomologie-seminaar gehou oor
vakrigting vir bespreking, die verspreiding van onkruid uit
seminaar naamwoord navorsing of praktiese oefening Australië.

’n Gereelde leser begryp die

letterlike en figuurlike betekenis
betekenis naamwoord die sin of bedoeling van iets van woorde.

As jy analities lees, skei jy

paragrawe, sinne en selfs woorde
in verskillende dele of groepe van mekaar om hulle apart te
skei werkwoord verdeel ondersoek.
in verskillende dele of groepe Die toergids het die groep in
verdeel werkwoord plaas kleiner groepe verdeel.

As jy analities lees, skei jy

paragrawe, sinne en selfs woorde
wat in verskillende dele of van mekaar om hulle afsonderlik
afsonderlik bywoord groepe verdeel is te ondersoek.

’n reeks gebeure, getalle of Nommer elke paragraaf in die

handelinge in ’n bepaalde kantlyn om die regte volgorde vir
volgorde naamwoord volgorde die paragrawe aan te dui.

’n reeks gebeure, getalle of Bibliografiese verwysings moet in

handelinge in ’n bepaalde alfabetiese volgorde gerangskik
volgorde naamwoord volgorde word volgens outeurs se vanne.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n groep gebeure of handelinge, Die aardbewing is gevolg deur ’n

reeks naamwoord veral die een na die ander reeks kleiner naskokke.

Die openbare mening het

verander: diegene wat ten
van een posisie, opinie of gunste van die oorlog was, is nou
verander werkwoord situasie na ’n ander beweeg daarteen.

Daar het ’n verskuiwing in die

menings van die kiesers
’n skuif van een posisie, mening plaasgevind tydens die
verskuiwing naamwoord of situasie na ’n ander studenteverkiesing.

Toe die Tweede Wêreldoorlog

uitgebreek het, het baie mense
nie die betekenis besef wat dié
die belangrikheid of gewig van gebeurtenis vir die verloop van
betekenis naamwoord iets die geskiedenis sou hê nie.

Die styging in die petrolprys sal ’n

byvoeglike beduidende uitwerking op
beduidend naamwoord betekenisvol of belangrik voedselpryse hê.

Toe die Tweede Wêreldoorlog

uitbreek, het baie mense nie
besef hoe belangrik hierdie
byvoeglike gebeurtenis in die loop van die
belangrik naamwoord betekenisvol of belangrik geskiedenis sou wees nie.

In dié spesifieke kultuur dui haar

lang hare op haar status as
beteken werkwoord ’n teken van iets wees ongetroude vrou.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hulle het soortgelyke ervarings

as studente gehad, al het hulle
byvoeglike soos iets anders, maar nie aan verskillende universiteite
soortgelyk naamwoord heeltemal dieselfde nie studeer.

Daar is geen ooreenkoms tussen

die toestand van soortgelyk te die data in jou verslag en dié van
ooreenkoms naamwoord wees jou kollega nie

Hulle het die model gebruik om

die gedrag of voorkoms van iets die uitwerking van ’n orkaan op
simuleer werkwoord of iemand reproduseer die gebied te simuleer.

In die toneelstuk het die

studente ’n sinkplaat geskud om
die geluid van donderweer na te
naboots werkwoord die aard van iets naboots boots.

In die beginnerskursus Duits kry

die studente almal nuwe Duitse
identiteite en simuleer dan ’n
simuleer werkwoord die aard van iets naboots hele nuwe biografie.

Elke keer geluk dit my

kamermaat om ná ’n briljant
gesimuleerde maagpyn ’n
byvoeglike siektesertifkaat van ’n
gesimuleer naamwoord nageboots goedgelowige dokter te kry.

Deesdae kan ’n mens boeke koop

met interessante voorbeelde van
deurlopende rolspel as deel van simulasies binne skoolverband,
simulasie naamwoord ’n onderrig- of opleidingsituasie die sakekonteks, ens.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Eksperimentele resultate is deur

middel van rekenaarsimulasies
simulasie naamwoord nabootsing van ’n proses geanaliseer.

’n Skoonmaakaksie om
indringerwattelbome te
verwyder en ’n gelyktydige
operasie om die laaste
byvoeglike wat op dieselfde tyd gebeur of oorblyfsels van die myn te sluit,
gelyktydig naamwoord bestaan begin vroeg in Desember.

Hiroshima word steeds besoek

deur diegene wat die terrein van
’n plek waar iets belangriks die eerste atoombomaanval wil
terrein naamwoord gebeur het sien.

Sy het nie eers die raamwerk van

haar nuwe roman voltooi nie,
laat staan nog enige
raamwerk naamwoord die raamwerk van iets besonderhede ingevul.

Die opsomming bied ’n kort skets

skets naamwoord ’n kort beskrywing van iets van die teoretiese agtergrond.

skets werkwoord iets vinnig en rofweg teken Sy het haar huis geskets.

die vermoë om iets goed te Die internasionale navorser het

doen of iets moeiliks te ook die vaardigheid van
vaardigheid naamwoord bemeester houtskoolskets bemeester.

Die internasionale navorser is

byvoeglike wat iets goed bemeester het of ook vaardig in die kuns van
vaardig naamwoord dit goed kan uitvoer houtskoolskets.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die student vluglees gou die

sinopsis van die artikel om te sien
iets vinnig lees om die of dit relevant is tot haar eie
vluglees werkwoord hoofpunte te vind onderwerp.

Voordat ek die boek gelees het,

het ek dit deurgeblaai en na die
hoofopskrifte en illustrasies
deurblaai werkwoord vinnig deurgaan gekyk.

Die waardes binne ’n

groep mense met min of meer gemeenskap beïnvloed
dieselfde belangstellings en normaalweg die denke van
gemeenskap naamwoord waardes individue binne die samelewing.

Die oplossing vir sosiale kwessies

die manier om ’n probleem op is deels die verantwoordelikheid
oplossing naamwoord te los van akademici.

Sosiale probleme is slegs

byvoeglike oplosbaar as kenners en
oplosbaar naamwoord moontlik om op te los akademici saamwerk.

Die einde van armoede sal die

probleem van honger grootliks
oplos werkwoord ’n moeilike situasie hanteer oplos.

Een van die belangrikste take van

die navorser is om
oplos werkwoord ’n oplossing vir ’n probleem vind navorsingsprobleme op te los.

Die vraag na lekkernye het

toegeneem met die opkoms van
byvoeglike baie ervaring van die wêreld of ’n gesofistikeerde stedelike
gesofistikeerd naamwoord sosiale situasies toon of hê bevolking.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Gesofistikeerde sagteware is
byvoeglike nodig vir hierdie soort werkvloei-
gesofistikeerd naamwoord ingewikkeld of slim ontwerp simulasie.

Die deeglike student dui altyd sy

bron naamwoord oorspronklike teks bronne in ’n bibliografie aan.
Lemoene is ’n baie goeie bron
bron naamwoord die plek waarvandaan iets kom van vitamien C.
’n persoon of dokument wat Goeie joernaliste openbaar nooit
bron naamwoord inligting verskaf hul bronne nie.
’n Gebreekte femur was die
oorsprong naamwoord die oorsaak van iets oorsprong van die pyn.

Om ’n goeie argitek te wees,

byvoeglike wat betref die posisie, grootte of moet jy ’n goeie ruimtelike
ruimtelik naamwoord vorm van iets bewustheid hê.

Drie sprekers van ons

regsfakulteit het briljante
iemand wat praat of ’n referaat referate tydens ’n internasionale
spreker naamwoord lewer kongres gelewer.

byvoeglike Studente moet hul stellings met

spesifiek naamwoord duidelik omskryf spesifieke feite ondersteun.

Ten einde die saak aan te meld,

byvoeglike spesifiek, presies of benodig hulle die spesifieke tyd
spesifieke naamwoord gedetailleerd van die voorval.

Ek hou spesifiek van die skrywer

spesifiek, presies of se styl, want dit is eenvoudig en
spesifiek bywoord gedetailleerd selfverduidelikend.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Slegs ’n wiskundige bepaling van

die afstand tussen sterrestelsels
beskrywing of gedetailleerde sal die mens die grootheid van
bepaling naamwoord uitdrukking van iets die heelal laat besef.

Ek mis duidelike spesifisering van

die stappe wat jy in jou navorsing
spesifisering naamwoord gedetailleerde beskrywing gevolg het.

byvoeglike Die datum wat gespesifiseer

gespesifiseer naamwoord wat bepaal of vasgestel is word, pas nie al die lede nie.

Die reddingspan het die GPS-

koördinate nodig om die presiese
’n feit duidelik stel of iets ligging van die vliegongeluk te
bepaal werkwoord duidelik identifiseer bepaal.

Jy moet duideliker spesifiseer

watter chemikalieë jy in die
spesifiseer werkwoord in detail beskryf laboratorium benodig.

Mense regoor die politieke

spektrum het ten gunste van
ondersteunde sanksies gestem
teen lande wat hulle skuldig
’n reeks opinies of oortuigings maak aan die growwe skending
spektrum naamwoord rakende dieselfde onderwerp van menseregte.

goedere of aandele koop of Hy het in die verlede baie

verkoop in die hoop om wins te suksesvol op die aandelemark
spekuleer werkwoord maak gespekuleer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Mens kan maar net daaroor

spekuleer of hierdie
’n opinie vorm sonder om al die omstandighede toekomstige
spekuleer werkwoord feite te ken gebeure sal beïnvloed.

area wat deur ’n bepaalde Die Verenigde State se sfeer van

persoon of organisasie invloed strek oor die hele
sfeer naamwoord beïnvloed word aardbol.

Geen breinchirurg kon nog ooit

die niefisieke deel van ’n mens die setel van die menslike gees
gees naamwoord as setel van emosies fisies aandui nie.

Sommige studente het duidelik

gevoel dat die universiteit
imperialistiese konnotasies het
en moet verander in
denkrigting van ’n bepaalde tyd ooreenstemming met die
tydgees naamwoord in die geskiedenis tydgees.

Geestelike voorbereiding is net

byvoeglike op ’n manier wat verband hou so belangrik soos intellektuele
geestelik naamwoord met die gees of siel toewyding.

Die gebalanseerde mens

handhaaf die balans tussen gees
en vlees deur nie alles wat
vergeestelik werkwoord iets geestelik opneem gebeur, te wil vergeestelik nie.

byvoeglike bestand teen verandering van Sy het ’n baie stabiele humeur en

stabiel naamwoord posisie of toestand raak amper nooit ontsteld nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Wat is die standaard van

akademiese taalvaardigheid wat
vlak van bekwaamheid of universiteite van
standaard naamwoord kundigheid eerstejaarstudente verwag?

Toegangstoetse wat studente se

taal- en syfervaardighede bepaal,
moet gestandaardiseer word,
standaardiseer werkwoord ’n norm daarstel anders is dit van min waarde.

Universiteite sal ’n minimum

intreevlak moet standaardiseer
standaardiseer werkwoord iets tot die vereiste vlak verhoog deur middel van toelatingstoetse.

Gestandaardiseerde
toelatingstoetse word oorsee
gebruik om toegangsvlakke vir
byvoeglike wat aan sekere vasgestelde die eerste jaar by universiteite
gestandaardiseer naamwoord standaarde voldoen vas te stel.

wat ly vanweë ’n geestelike of

spirituele behoefte, of wat na Sy was uitgehonger vir
uitgehonger wees woordgroep iets hunker stimulerende geselskap.
Meld u verhouding met die
meld werkwoord om formeel iets te sê verweerder, asseblief.

Die student wat sy argument

logies stel, is in staat om sy
siening ondubbelsinnig te
stel werkwoord iets met sekerheid sê of skryf formuleer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die luisteraars was beïndruk met

byvoeglike iets wat met sekerheid gesê of sy duidelik gestelde standpunt
gestel naamwoord geskryf is oor die omstrede onderwerp.

Al is jy seker van jou stelling,

iets wat jy sê of skryf wat moet jy dit met feite staaf om jou
stelling naamwoord inligting oor iets gee leser of luisteraar te oortuig.

Die maatskappy het ’n formele

iets wat jy sê of skryf wat verklaring uitgereik oor die
verklaring naamwoord inligting oor iets gee bewerings van bedrog.

byvoeglike Die stilstaande bus se brandstof

stilstaande naamwoord wat nie beweeg nie het opgeraak.

Die studieleier sien daarna uit om

byvoeglike wat betrekking het op die die statistiese verwerking van die
statisties naamwoord gebruik van statistiese data data na te gaan.

’n versameling inligting Amptelike statistieke toon twee

aangebied in die vorm van uit elke drie huwelike in Suid-
statistieke naamwoord getalle Afrika loop uit op ’n egskeiding.

Statistieke kan gebruik word om

metode wat data versamel en te bepaal hoeveel studente wat
weergee in terme van getalle, by ’n universiteit inskryf,
statistiek naamwoord diagramme en grafieke uiteindelik ’n graad behaal.

Bring my asseblief op die hoogte

’n toestand op ’n spesifieke oor die status van my
status naamwoord tydstip leningsaansoek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy is baie trots op die hoë status

iemand se sosiale, wetlike of wat hy in die maatskappy bereik
status naamwoord professionele rang het.

’n vaste idee wat betref hoe ’n

sekere soort persoon behoort te Die idee dat alle Iere baie drink,
stereotipe naamwoord wees of op te tree is ’n onregverdige stereotipe.

Ons wiskundedosent is die

stereotipe van ’n verstrooide
stereotipe naamwoord geykte beeld van iets of iemand professor.

In ’n multikulturele samelewing
moet ’n mens versigtig wees om
aannames maak oor mense of mense nie te stereotipeer, omdat
situasies sonder om die konteks hulle nie soos jy dink, lyk of
stereotipeer werkwoord in ag te neem optree nie.

Die stereotiepe beeld van die

byvoeglike wat betrekking het op ’n man is dié van die selfsugtige en
stereotiep naamwoord stereotipe ontroue chauvinis.

byvoeglike Mense wil nie meer geykte frases

geyk naamwoord oorgebruik of afgesaag hoor nie.
aanbieding van iets of iemand as Let op die stereotipering in sy
stereotipering naamwoord ’n stereotipe kategoriese stellings.

Werkskepping is van die uiterste

iets of iemand meer aktief belang om ekonomiese groei te
stimuleer werkwoord maak stimuleer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

duidelik stel dat en hoe iets Die kontrak stipuleer dat elke
gedoen moet word as deel van werknemer verantwoordelik is vir
stipuleer werkwoord ’n ooreenkoms sy of haar eie vervoer.

Die regulasies van die universiteit

bepaal duidelik dat studente
hulle nie aan wangedrag skuldig
stipuleer werkwoord eksplisiet stel mag maak nie.

Volgens die voorgeskrewe

regulasies mag geen student
byvoeglike hom aan wangedrag skuldig
voorgeskryf naamwoord iets wat gespesifiseer is maak nie.

Dit is ’n duidelike bepaling van

die universiteit dat geen student
hom aan wangedrag mag skuldig
bepaling naamwoord iets wat gestipuleer is maak nie.

nie moeilik nie en maklik om te Daar is ’n aantal eenvoudige

eenvoudig naamwoord verstaan tegnieke om die data te ontleed.

Die studente verstaan die dosent

byvoeglike nie vanweë sy vreemde uitspraak
vreemd naamwoord buitengewoon nie.

met betrekking tot Die strategiese leser weet wat

byvoeglike langtermyndoelwitte en hoe om om te doen wanneer sy moeilike
strategies naamwoord dit te bereik woorde in ’n teks teëkom.

Die bestuur moet met ’n

strategiese plan vorendag kom
byvoeglike gedoen as deel van ’n plan om om die maatskappy van
strategies naamwoord ’n bepaalde doel te bereik bankrotskap te red.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die effektiewe denker tree op as

’n ware strateeg om probleme en
strateeg naamwoord iemand wat goed kan beplan krisisse op te los.

Die strategie vir die navorsing het

’n gevallestudie behels wat
individuele onderhoude,
’n uitgebreide en sistematiese dokumentanalise en ’n vraelys
strategie naamwoord plan van aksie ingesluit het.

Die effektiewe leser se

leesstrategie omvat ’n aantal
uitgebreide oorhoofse plan om tegnieke wat deur sy of haar
strategie naamwoord ’n spesifieke doel te bereik leesdoel bepaal word.

Werkers in die onderste strata is

stratum naamwoord ’n laag of klas in die samelewing altyd die kwesbaarste.

Die professor het benadruk dat

dit belangrik is om alle lesings en
benadruk werkwoord iets beklemtoon tutoriaalsessies by te woon.

druk wat op iets geplaas word

en wat kan veroorsaak dat dit sy Die spanning op die beton het
spanning naamwoord vorm verloor of breek die brug laat kraak.

probleme wat kommer of

emosionele spanning
stres naamwoord veroorsaak Hy ly aan eksamenstres.

byvoeglike opvallend omdat dit aantreklik,

treffend naamwoord interessant of ongewoon is Dit was ’n treffende toneel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Provinsiale regerings het

opvallende vordering gemaak
byvoeglike wat ’n positiewe of ongewone met die verbetering van
opvallend naamwoord indruk maak finansiële bestuur.

byvoeglike
naamwoord, ’n Teks met strukturele gebreke
struktureel bywoord met betrekking tot die struktuur sal as teks misluk.

intellektuele benadering tot Volgens strukturalisme kan

taal, literatuur, die samelewing, elemente van die menslike lewe
ens., wat fokus op verhoudings slegs verstaan word in terme van
tussen verskillende elemente in hul verhouding tot ’n universele
strukturalisme naamwoord ’n konseptuele sisteem struktuur.

Die strukturalistiese denkwyse,

veral ná 1950, is sterk weerspieël
in dissiplines soos antropologie,
byvoeglike volgens die teorie van filosofie, sielkunde, literêre
strukturalisties naamwoord strukturalisme kritiek, ekonomie en argitektuur.

’n Organisasie is gewoonlik
iets volgens ’n bepaalde patroon gestruktureer volgens sy
struktureer werkwoord organiseer hooffunksies of doelstellings.

Die student struktureer haar

opdrag in drie dele wat nou met
struktureer werkwoord iets stelselmatig bou mekaar verbind is.

die manier waarop die dele van Die hoofopskrifte is ’n aanduiding

struktuur naamwoord iets verbind of georganiseer is van die struktuur van die verslag.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Studente moet deeglik let op die

rangskikking volgens ’n plan of struktuur van die argumente wat
struktuur naamwoord sisteem hulle bou.

Die student se noukeurige en

byvoeglike wat met ’n struktuur verband gestruktureerde denke het die
gestruktureer naamwoord hou dosent beïndruk.

Die logiese strukturering van

rangskikking volgens ’n plan of idees in ’n akademiese opstel is
strukturering naamwoord stelsel ’n belangrike vereiste.

Sy gebruik steeds ’n
joernalistieke skryfstyl in haar
’n besondere manier waarop opstelle, in plaas van ’n
styl naamwoord iets gedoen of aangebied word akademiese styl.

iets op ’n bepaalde manier maak Hy het die film as ’n komedie uit

stileer werkwoord of doen die vyftigerjare probeer stileer.

Die groot groep chemiestudente

is in verskeie kleiner klasse
onderverdeel werkwoord in dele verdeel onderverdeel.

hoofpunt waaroor gepraat of Die onderwerp van die kongres

onderwerp naamwoord geskryf word was alkoholmisbruik.

Oor-emosionele mense is geneig

om ander mense se woorde te
van iets ’n persoonlike saak subjektiveer, omdat hulle alles te
subjektiveer werkwoord maak persoonlik opneem.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

wat in die gees of verstand Haar oortuiging dat almal teen

byvoeglike bestaan en nie deur eksterne haar saamsweer is suiwer
subjektief naamwoord toestande voorgebring word nie subjektief.

’n Regter mag nie toelaat dat sy

byvoeglike gebaseer op persoonlike subjektiewe opinies sy oordeel
subjektief naamwoord menings of gevoelens beïnvloed nie.

neiging om ’n saak slegs vanuit

’n persoonlike oogpunt te Die subjektiwiteit van sy opstel
subjektiwiteit naamwoord beskou was ’n ernstige belemmering.

Die diens maak voorsiening vir

die handeling van ’n dokument die elektroniese indiening van
te oorhandig aan iemand wat dit belastingopgawes en betalings
indiening naamwoord moet oorweeg of beoordeel via die internet.

aan iemand met gesag ’n Studente moet hulle

dokument voorsien vir werkopdragte deurlees voordat
indien werkwoord oorweging of beoordeling hulle dit by hulle dosente indien.

aan iemand met gesag ’n Die Veiligheidskomitee sal môre

dokument besorg vir oorweging sy voorstel aan die parlement
voorlê werkwoord of beoordeling voorlê.

Een orkes wat uit die

byvoeglike wat vir oorweging of voorgelegde demo's gekies word,
voorgelê naamwoord beoordeling ingedien is sal uitgenooi word om op te tree.

byvoeglike Baie mense glo steeds dat vroue

ondergeskik naamwoord minder belangrik ondergeskik aan mans is.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Sy is gesubordineer omdat haar

’n laer rang gee aan of minder afwesigheid by die werk ’n
subordineer werkwoord belangrik maak probleem begin word het.

Ondergeskiktes rapporteer aan

iemand wat ’n laer rang of ’n middelbestuurders wat op hulle
minder belangrike pos of posisie beurt aan bestuurders verslag
ondergeskikte naamwoord as iemand anders het doen.

Die ondergeskiktheid van slawe

aan hul meesters was ’n
die optrede om iemand as aanvaarde gebruik in die 17de
ondergeskiktheid naamwoord minder belangrik te behandel eeu.

Die maatreëls is ná die orkaan in

na bywoord volgende in tyd of volgorde 2019 geïmplementeer.

Tydens sy staatsrede aan die

parlement verlede week en in
daaropvolgende onderhoude,
byvoeglike het die president verskeie
daaropvolgend naamwoord volgende in tyd of volgorde beloftes gemaak.
Vervolgens sal die fokus op
vervolgens bywoord volgende in tyd of volgorde brandvoorkoming val.

Die teater moes noodgedwonge

byvoeglike ’n toelaag wat aan ’n sluit toe die regering sy subsidie
subsidie naamwoord onderneming betaal word onttrek.

Aangesien koringstroop nie

vryelik in die land beskikbaar was
gebruik of byvoeg in die plek nie, moes dit deur melasse
vervang werkwoord van iets of iemand anders vervang word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Daar is regtig geen

plaasvervanger vir deeglike
gebruik of byvoeg in die plek navorsing voordat jy op ’n nuwe
plaasvervanger naamwoord van iets of iemand anders huis besluit nie.

Die skrywer het sy boek ’n finale

tweede titel van ’n boek of titel gegee, maar hy moet nog die
subtitel naamwoord artikel subtitel formuleer.

geskrewe woorde onderaan ’n

TV-, rolprent- of rekenaarskerm
wat herhaal wat gesê word, Die dialoog van die film is in
onderskrif naamwoord gewoonlik in ’n ander taal Frans met onderskrifte in Engels.

Veranderinge in weerpatrone
byvoeglike was die laaste drie maande
subtiel naamwoord nie baie opvallend nie subtiel.

byvoeglike op ’n slim, gesofistikeerde Sy argument vir die doodstraf

subtiel naamwoord manier uiteengesit was buitengewoon subtiel.
kry wat jy wil hê deur moeite te Harde werk is die sekerste
slaag werkwoord doen manier om te slaag.

Die koningin sou opgevolg word

direk ná iets of iemand anders deur haar seun, maar hy is twee
opvolg werkwoord kom dae voor sy moeder oorlede.

Die prokureur oortuig die

landdros deur die sistematiese
’n aantal dinge of mense wat opeenvolging van verklarings en
opeenvolging naamwoord mekaar in tyd opvolg voorbeelde.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Animasie is ’n tegniek om
byvoeglike wat onmiddellik, die een ná die opeenvolgende tekeninge te
opeenvolgend naamwoord ander volg verfilm.

Die vraag oor armoede en wat

daaraan gedoen kan word, is
deur aartsbiskop Njongonkulu
byvoeglike die volgende persoon in ’n Ndungane, Desmond Tutu se
opvolger naamwoord bepaalde volgorde opvolger, opgeneem.

Die getuienis behoort voldoende

wees om die regter te oortuig om
voldoende wees woordgroep genoeg wees hom ’n ligter vonnis te gee.

Daar is nou voldoende bewyse

om te sê dat die VK een van die
lande met die hoogste voorkoms
voldoende naamwoord genoeg van veelvuldige sklerose is.

Die kuns van suggestie is ’n

kenmerk van poëtiese tekste
waar die digter indirek beelde
oproep deur middel van
iets wat indirek gestel of subjektiewe of sintuiglike
suggestie naamwoord voorgestel word woordkeuse.

’n idee met betrekking tot wat Enige voorstelle of kritiek

voorstel naamwoord gedoen kan word rakende die kursus is welkom.

Goeie skrywers gebruik woorde

wat die konteks van hul
pas werkwoord aanvaarbaar wees skryfwerk pas.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Dr Slabbert is aangestel as
navorser, omdat sy deeglike
byvoeglike ervaring hom die geskikste
geskik naamwoord reg of gepas vir iets persoon vir die werk maak.

Om ’n goeie literatuuroorsig te
kan skryf, moet u eers u
saamvat werkwoord ’n opsomming van iets gee kernbronne saamvat.

Ons dosent wil hê dat ons die

inhoud van drie voorgeskrewe
opsom werkwoord ’n opsomming van iets gee artikels moet opsom.

Stark en Dawes (2009) gee ’n

die hoofpunte of die kern van goeie opsomming van die
opsomming naamwoord iets gee beskikbare navorsing.

Verantwoordelike studente maak

opsommings ná elke lesing as
die hoofpunte of die kern van ’n deel van hul
opsomming naamwoord teks eksamenvoorbereiding.

Ek was nie by die lesing nie, dus

moes my vriend opsom wat ek
opsom werkwoord ’n kort opsomming van iets gee gemis het.

Ons studie van liggolwe was net

oppervlakkig en ander navorsers
byvoeglike nie deeglik, in diepte of volledig sal die navorsing nou verder
oppervlakkig naamwoord nie neem.

’n Oppervlakkige ondersoek
byvoeglike lewer miskien nie al die feite op
oppervlakkig naamwoord nie deeglik of volledig nie tot ’n geldige slotsom te kom nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die student se oppervlakkige

antwoord getuig van ’n gebrek
aan insig, omdat sy haar
byvoeglike wat net die boonste vlak van voorgeskrewe tekste slegs
oppervlakkig naamwoord iets aanraak oppervlakkig lees.

Hy was in ’n motorongeluk, maar

byvoeglike in of gekoppel aan die boonste het gelukkig net oppervlakkige
oppervlakkig naamwoord laag van iets beserings opgedoen.

Die Latyns-Amerikaanse kultuur

twee stelsels of idees kombineer is ’n mengsel van Europese
sodat die een die ander een tradisies wat op inheemse
superponeer werkwoord beïnvloed tradisies gesuperponeer is.
iemand wat belangriker is of Die kolonel is my hoof in die
hoof naamwoord meer gesag het as ander weermag.

Keniaanse koffie is superieur ten

byvoeglike opsigte van alle ander soorte
superieur naamwoord beter as iemand of iets anders koffie.

Die gegewens van die vraelys is

aangevul met data uit
onderhoude om ’n vollediger en
iets by iets voeg om dit meer gedetailleerde beeld van
aanvul werkwoord vollediger te maak armoede te gee.

’n addisionele komponent wat

die vermoë van iemand of iets Die dokter het gesê hy moet
aanvulling naamwoord verbeter vitamienaanvullings neem.

Ek het net een bylaag by my

’n ekstra deel by ’n koerant, skripsie gevoeg, maar syne bevat
bylaag naamwoord boek, ens. drie bylaes.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Jy behoort altyd jou stellings met

met argumente staaf en bewyse voldoende feite en argumente te
ondersteun werkwoord aanvoer ondersteun.

Studente moet onthou om altyd

hul standpunte met helder
ondersteun werkwoord gewig aan ’n argument verleen argumente te ondersteun.

Die ondersteuning van ’n mens

se sienings deur goed
geformuleerde argumente is ’n
ondersteuning naamwoord iets wat gewig dra akademiese konvensie.

Die kerk ondersteun die idee dat

spirituele geloof ’n mens help om
steun werkwoord toon dat iets korrek of waar is stresfaktore die hoof te bied.

Ons het ondersteunende bewyse

byvoeglike vir hierdie verduideliking verkry
ondersteunend naamwoord wat gewig verleen uit ’n ondersoek na ...

jou verbeel dat iets waar is Die navorser veronderstel dat

sodat jy ’n moontlike uitkoms gesinsgeweld ook in welaf
veronderstel werkwoord kan voorspel huishoudings voorkom.

’n Mens kan veronderstel dat

die oortuiging stel dat iets waar grafiese metodes ’n
is, maar sonder voldoende buitengewoon nuttige uitset sal
veronderstel werkwoord bewys lewer.

jou verbeel dat iets waar is

sodat jy ’n moontlike uitkoms Gestel die afstand tussen X en Y
gestel werkwoord kan voorspel is 100 m.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike Jou vermeende feite is niks meer

vermeende naamwoord wat aangeneem of geglo word as persoonlike aannames nie.

waarvan daar aangeneem of Ons werk slegs met vermeende

geglo word dat dit die geval is, kenmerke van motorfietsryers en
byvoeglike terwyl dit nie noodwendig so is moet dus wag vir meer bewyse
vermeende naamwoord nie van hul werklike gedrag.

Die aanname van die navorser

dat gesinsgeweld ook in
welvarende huishoudings
’n veronderstelling of iets wat jy voorkom, moet nog geverifieer
aanname naamwoord glo word.
Rusland het die Hongaarse
onderdruk werkwoord iets beëindig opstand in 1849 onderdruk.

Die fotojoernalis moes haar vrees

onderdruk en in die skare
iets beperk of verhoed dat dit inbeweeg om ’n foto van naby te
onderdruk werkwoord bekend raak kry.

Die parlement is die belangrikste

byvoeglike die belangrikste of grootste wat en die regbank is ondergeskik
belangrikste naamwoord iets of iemand kan wees daaraan.

Hierdie streek is ’n voëlparadys

en strek tot in die diep valleie en
berge in die ooste waar
boonste laag of boonste warmwaterbronne na die
oppervlak naamwoord gedeelte van iets oppervlak borrel.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Studente wat hulle voorgeskrewe

tekste slegs bolangs lees, sal
nooit die nodige insig in hul vak
bolangs woordgroep die boonste vlak bereik nie.

’n Kind wat omring is deur ouers

en familielede wat omgee,
behoort emosionele stabiliteit te
omring werkwoord rondom iets of iemand wees ontwikkel.

Die span het hul omgewing van

die skip af bespied voordat hulle
iets van ’n afstand bekyk of besluit het om aan wal te gaan
bespied werkwoord dophou en te verken.

Sekere stellings is aan

respondente uit al die provinsies
gemaak, en inligting is op drie
verskillende maniere versamel:
deur middel van ’n opname,
stel vrae wat aan ’n groot aantal diepgaande onderhoude en
opname naamwoord mense gestel word fokusgroepbesprekings.

Hulle het die moontlike gevolge

oor die algemene gevolge van ’n ondersoek wat ’n gebrek aan
ondersoek werkwoord situasie nadink slaap op mense kan hê.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die raad het die buitegebiede

van die stad ondersoek en bevind
dat daar nie genoeg grond
’n stuk grond vir geografiese of beskikbaar is vir meer behuising
ondersoek werkwoord boudoeleindes bestudeer nie.

Die geografiese opmeting wys

’n kaart wat opgestel is ná die presies waar die vulkaniese fout
opmeting naamwoord opmeting van ’n stuk grond lê.

Gedryf deur die drang om te

oorleef en hul gesinne te voed,
oorleef werkwoord bly bestaan sal hulle enige werk aanpak.

Die mynmaatskappy het alle

bedrywighede in die gebied
opgeskort weens die onstabiliteit
byvoeglike ’n proses of ’n gewoonte stop wat die dolomietformasies
opskort naamwoord deur dit te bevries veroorsaak het.

Dit is ’n uitdaging vir opvoeders

om die belangstelling van
aan die lewe hou of iets laat leerders in die klaskamer te
behou werkwoord voortgaan behou.

Die hoë akademiese standaarde

wat tot onlangs aan universiteite
gehandhaaf is, sal nie volhoubaar
byvoeglike wat kan voortgaan of voortgesit wees as die toelatingsvereistes
volhoubaar naamwoord kan word verder afgeskaal word nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die vraag na plaaslike bier het die

oorskakeling van druiwebouing
oorskakeling naamwoord ’n skielike verandering na die plant van hop genoodsaak.

Ons moet meer veelsydige

spelers hê wat van een posisie na
van een ding na ’n ander ’n ander kan oorskakel sonder
oorskakel werkwoord verander om probleme te ondervind.

Aristoteles se analise van die

proses van redenering wat sillogisme demonstreer hoe om
bestaan uit twee uitgangspunte deduktief te redeneer deur
sillogisme naamwoord waaruit ’n logiese afleiding volg gedagtes aaneen te skakel.

’n proses van logika waarin twee Die sillogistiese teorie bied nie op
byvoeglike algemene stellings tot ’n meer alle vrae bevredigende
sillogisties naamwoord spesifieke stelling lei antwoorde nie.

In die roman word die roos ’n

’n konkrete teken, of ding, wat simbool vir letterlik tientalle
simbool naamwoord ’n bepaalde betekenis het verskillende dinge.

byvoeglike Tradisioneel is die simboliese

naamwoord, betekenis van ’n rooi roos,
simbolies bywoord as simbool hartstogtelike liefde.

’n meer algemene of ’n Die kruisbeeld simboliseer die

abstrakte situasie of kwaliteit Christendom en die ster van
simboliseer werkwoord voorstel Dawid die Judaïsme.

simboliseer werkwoord simbolies van iets wees ’n Rooi roos simboliseer liefde.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die filmtegnici is besig met die

finale sinchronisering van klank
en beeld in die laaste episode
sinchronisering naamwoord handeling van sinchroniseer van die nuwe TV-reeks.

Die filmtegnici sinchroniseer nou

dinge op dieselfde tyd laat die beeld en klank in die laaste
sinchroniseer werkwoord gebeur episode van die nuwe reeks.

Die filmtegnici het gesorg dat die

byvoeglike klank en beeld in die film
sinchronies naamwoord wat terselfdertyd gebeur sinchronies is.
’n ander woord met min of meer Die woord WERK is ’n sinoniem
sinoniem naamwoord dieselfde betekenis vir ARBEID.

byvoeglike
sinoniem naamwoord nou geassosieer UITVEE is sinoniem met SKRAP.

Die boek gee ’n oorsigtelike

byvoeglike beeld van die Suid-Afrikaanse
oorsigtelik naamwoord ’n algemene opsomming kunsgeskiedenis.

Akademiese tekste toon dikwels

sintaktiese gebreke, soos sinne
sonder ’n hoofwerkwoord en die
byvoeglike verkeerde woordorde ná sekere
sintakties naamwoord op die vlak van die sin voegwoorde.

studie van verskillende soorte

sinne en die verhoudings van Die sintaksis van Afrika- en
woord tot mekaar in hierdie Westerse tale verskil in baie
sintaksis naamwoord sinne opsigte.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n kombinasie van verskillende Studente besef nie hoe belangrik

idees uit verskillende bronne ’n behoorlike sintese van
met ’n aanduiding van hoe hulle perspektiewe uit verskillende
sintese naamwoord verskil en hoe hulle ooreenstem bronne is nie.

Facebook is ’n sintese tussen

kreatiewe samevoeging van tegnologiese fasilitering en
onverwante elemente tot ’n mense se behoefte aan
sintese naamwoord nuwe geheel kommunikasie.

By die bou van ’n teorie

sintetiseer die navorser
’n kunsmatige komposisie verskillende feite en idees tot ’n
sintetiseer werkwoord bewerkstellig samehangende geheel.

Selfs in die tye van die antieke

groep voorwerpe of onderdele Grieke het rekenmeesters
wat volgens ’n ingewikkelde stelsels gebruik om
stelsel naamwoord ordeningsbeginsel saamwerk hulle boeke te laat klop.

Dit is belangrik vir ondernemings

wat innoverend wil wees om die
byvoeglike mark gereeld en stelselmatig te
stelselmatig naamwoord volgens ’n stelsel of plan ontleed.

Dit is altyd verfrissend om so ’n

byvoeglike metodies uitgevoer, volgens ’n sistematiese uiteensetting van
sistematies naamwoord plan standpunte te sien.

Susan lewer haar aanbieding

puntsgewys sodat almal volg wat
puntsgewys bywoord volgens ’n stelsel of plan sy sê.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die onderwyser se taak is dikwels

om leerders te help om kennis
wat hulle reeds het, of bewyse
wat hulle versamel, te
sistematiseer en die fokus
sistematiseer werkwoord in ’n stelsel of sisteem plaas duidelik te hou.

Die data is ontleed met behulp

’n lys feite of getalle wat in van tabelle, grafieke en
tabel naamwoord kolomme en rye gerangskik is besprekings.

Die statistiese tabel toon ’n

lys, staat of verslag wat getalle negatiewe beeld in terme van
tabel naamwoord of ander gegewens saamvat ekonomiese groei.
aktiwiteit, onderwerp of woord Om plagiaat te pleeg, is ’n
taboe naamwoord wat mense vermy akademiese taboe.

Die antwoorde op die

vryantwoordvrae word in
tabulêre vorm aangebied sodat
byvoeglike georganiseer in die formaat van dit meer betekenisvol ontleed
tabulêr naamwoord ’n tabel kan word.

Die dosent verwag van haar

studente om hul navorsing in
georganiseer in die formaat van tabelvorm te organiseer en aan
tabel- woorddeel ’n tabel te bied.

Dit help jou om meer

stelselmatig te dink as jy die feite
binne die betrokke kategorieë
tabelleer werkwoord in die vorm van ’n tabel weergee tabelleer.
feite of getalle in kolomme en Die data wat die navorser
tabuleer werkwoord rye organiseer versamel het, is getabuleer.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

’n Mens kan die ekonomiese

groei in die vorm van
getabelleerde data illustreer
byvoeglike sodat almal ’n geheelbeeld kan
getabelleer naamwoord as ’n tabel aangebied kry.

lyste feite of getalle wat in

kolomme en rye aangebied Die tabellering van data help
tabellering naamwoord word studente meer stelselmatig dink.

Die polisie het tasbare bewyse

byvoeglike dat die verdagte die diefstal
tasbaar naamwoord duidelik of definitief gepleeg het.
mikpunt van ’n handeling of Die halfmarathon is my volgende
teiken naamwoord aanval teiken.

Die navorser se taak was om die

enige stuk werk wat aangepak onderhouddata wat versamel is,
taak naamwoord of onderneem word te ontleed.

Die frase OM WEER TE HERHAAL

is toutologies, want HERHAAL
byvoeglike wat deur toutologie gekenmerk beteken reeds om weer iets te
toutologies naamwoord word doen.

frase waarin dieselfde ding twee Bombastiese sprekers gebruik

keer in verskillende woorde gesê dikwels toutologie om hul
toutologie naamwoord word stellings te beklemtoon.

Sy moet ’n vakwoordeboek
raadpleeg om die tegniese terme
van of wat verband hou met ’n wat in die teks gebruik word, te
tegnies naamwoord praktiese vaardigheid verstaan.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

met betrekking tot masjiene of Die tegniese moontlikhede van

byvoeglike presiese besonderhede, reëls of moderne kommunikasiemiddele
tegnies naamwoord tegnieke is eindeloos.
’n praktiese vaardigheid of Die tenniskampioen se tegniek
tegniek naamwoord vaardigheid word bewonder.

’n spesiale metode om iets te

doen, wat gewoonlik ’n Nuwe tegniek is ontwikkel om
tegniek naamwoord vaardigheid behels water te suiwer.

die wyse waarop ’n sekere taak Animasie is ’n tegniek om

verrig word, veral in tegnologie, opeenvolgende tekeninge te
tegniek naamwoord wetenskap en sport verfilm.

Die hoëlui van die staatsdiens,

hoofsaaklik opgelei in die regte,
was deurtrek van ’n tradisie van
tegnokrasie en lojaliteit teenoor
outokrasie van tegnologie en enige regering wat doeltreffende
tegnokrasie naamwoord tegniese kundigheid administrasie gewaarborg het.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

In perspektief gesien,
verteenwoordig die
beplanningsgeesdrif van die
dertiger- en veertigerjare die
samesmelting van steeds
belangrike kragte van optimisme
met betrekking tot die beheer en sosiale idealisme met die
byvoeglike van die samelewing deur wetenskaplike en tegnokratiese
tegnokraties naamwoord tegniese kundiges gees van die twintigste eeu.

Op mediese gebied floreer

tegnologiese uitvindings danksy
byvoeglike die wetenskap van
tegnologies naamwoord wat met tegnologie verband hou nanotegnologie.

die wetenskaplike studie en

gebruik van toegepaste Kerntegnologie het ’n belangrike
wetenskappe, soos rol in die moderne
tegnologie naamwoord ingenieurswese oorlogsgeskiedenis gespeel.

Die suksesvolste fabrieke gebruik

tegnologie naamwoord masjinerie en toerusting die nuutste tegnologie.

Danksy tegnologie kan ons binne

alle metodes om instrumente te tien uur van Suid-Afrika na
verskaf vir menslike bestaan en Europa vlieg en transatlantiese
tegnologie naamwoord gerief oproepe maak.

Die teleologiese standpunt word

byvoeglike wat verduidelik word in terme soms die teorie van finale
teleologies naamwoord van die doel of uitkoms daarvan oorsake en gevolge genoem.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

In teleologiese denke sal jy ’n

die teorie dat gebeure slegs aan stoel beskryf deur te sê waarvoor
die hand van hul doel of uitkoms dit gebruik word, eerder as hoe
teleologie naamwoord verklaar kan word dit lyk of waarvan dit gemaak is.

Dit is nie net die uiterste

tydelikheid van hulle
betrokkenheid wat toevallige
werkers van ander tydelike
toestand van nie permanent of werkers onderskei nie, maar ook
tydelikheid naamwoord blywend te wees nie hulle diensstatus.

Die tydelike sluiting van die

byvoeglike aanleg is deur ’n ontploffing
tydelik naamwoord nie permanent of blywend nie veroorsaak.

byvoeglike Die dosent is in ’n tydelike pos

tydelik naamwoord nie permanent nie aangestel.

byvoeglike Die eerste huiwerige stappe na

huiwerig naamwoord huiwerig of versigtig transformasie is in 1998 geneem.

In die gevolgtrekking bied sy

byvoeglike slegs voorlopige oplossings vir die
tentatief naamwoord nie definitief of seker nie probleem aan.

Die kontrak is beëindig toe die

verskaffer nie daarin kon slaag
om die goedere en diens te lewer
beëindig werkwoord iets tot ’n einde laat kom soos ooreengekom nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

die tegniese woorde of

uitdrukkings wat in ’n bepaalde Dokters gebruik ’n uitgebreide
terminologie naamwoord vak gebruik word mediese terminologie.

Sy het vir my ’n teksboodskap

teks werkwoord ’n SMS of teksboodskap stuur gestuur om te sê sy is op pad
die hoofdeel van gedrukte of Die eerste uitgawe van die teks is
teks naamwoord geskrewe werk in 2000 gepubliseer.

’n boek of skryfstuk, gewoonlik Die professor se teks word as die

teks naamwoord met die doel om te leer beste in sy veld beskou.

diggeweefde inhoud waarin ’n Situasie word ook beskou as ’n

teks naamwoord alles onderling verbind is teks wat ’n mens interpreteer.

As jy ’n kritiese standpunt
inneem oor die een of ander
kwessie, moet jy altyd tekstuele
byvoeglike bewyse kan lewer om jou
tekstueel naamwoord in terme van ’n teks stellings te ondersteun.

die manier waarop die

verskillende dele van ’n
kunswerk, musiek- of skryfstuk Studente word geleer om die ryk
saamgevoeg word om ’n finale tekstuur van Shakespeareaanse
tekstuur naamwoord effek te lewer Engels te waardeer.

byvoeglike Ek is dankbaar vir my goeie

dankbaar naamwoord waarderend gesondheid.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die musiek konsentreer op drie

byvoeglike karakters en die tematiese
tematies naamwoord volgens ’n tema kontraste wat hulle voorstel.

Die burgerlike samelewing is ’n

noodwendig uiteenlopende sfeer
van sosiale lewe, maar dit is
moontlik om dit rondom
dominante en ondergeskikte
die onderwerp van ’n teks binne vorme van sosiale lewe te
tematiseer werkwoord konteks plaas tematiseer.

die onderwerp van ’n gesprek of Die hooftema van die kongres is

tema naamwoord bespreking veeltaligheid in hoër onderwys.

Daar is baie voortgaande temas

in hierdie roman, maar myns
insiens is die hooftema dié van
tema naamwoord onderwerp binne konteks tevredenheid.

Teoretiese idees word in die

praktyk deur die navorser
byvoeglike volgens teorie, uitgesonderd getoets om te sien of dit prakties
teoreties naamwoord praktyk uitvoerbaar is.

In plaas van te teoretiseer, moet

die vergadering nou tot ’n besluit
oor idees en hipoteses dink en kom oor hoe die probleem
teoretiseer werkwoord praat aangepak moet word.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Daar het nou genoeg

proses van dink en praat oor teoretisering oor hierdie saak
idees en hipoteses, of redeneer plaasgevind – daar moet nou tot
teoretisering naamwoord volgens ’n teorie aksie oorgegaan word.

’n formele stel idees wat

probeer verduidelik waarom iets ’n Nuwe teorie oor die ontstaan
teorie naamwoord gebeur of bestaan van die heelal is ontwikkel.

’n idee of opinie wat nie Daar is baie verskillende teorieë

noodwendig op redenasie oor hoe om kinders groot te
teorie naamwoord gegrond is nie maak.

Mediese studente moet baie

teorie leer voordat hulle aan
die beginsel waarop ’n vak of praktiese opleiding kan
teorie naamwoord onderwerp gebaseer is deelneem.

geordende stel idees en Die fliek is gebaseer op die teorie

hipoteses wat ’n aspek van die dat mense vinniger as die
teorie naamwoord werklikheid wil verklaar snelheid van lig kan beweeg.

woordeboek wat woorde

volgens konsepte groepeer en Vermy herhalende gebruik van
gebruikers help om die regte dieselfde woord in jou skryfwerk
woord vir ’n bepaalde konteks deur sinonieme in ’n tesourus op
tesourus naamwoord te vind te soek.

uitgebreide skryfwerk voltooi

deur ’n universiteitstudent, Haar doktorale proefskrif handel
gebaseer op eie navorsing, oor die uitwerking van droogte
proefskrif naamwoord gewoonlik vir ’n doktorale graad op die ekonomie van Ghana.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

oorspronklike en onafhanklike
navorsing wat ingedien is om ’n Haar briljante proefskrif is die
proefskrif naamwoord doktorsgraad te verwerf resultaat van jare se navorsing.

stelling of mening wat op ’n Die hoofhipotese van sy opstel is

logiese manier bespreek word dat onwettige dwelmgebruik
en ondersteun word deur nadelig is omdat dit
hipotese naamwoord bewyse bendegeweld aanmoedig.

Stephen Hawking het sy tese dat

materie vernietig word wanneer
dit in ’n swart gat beland, ná
dertig jaar met ’n
’n stelling wat akademies deur opspraakwekkende antitese
tese naamwoord ’n antitese verdedig moet word vervang.

navorsingsartikel wat ingedien

word vir ’n nagraadse Haar tesis handel oor ouers se
kwalifikasie en getuig van keuse om hul kinders in Engels te
tesis naamwoord wetenskaplike navorsing laat onderrig.

byvoeglike met groot aandag aan detail en ’n Deeglike ondersoek is nodig na

deeglik naamwoord volledigheid die oorsake van die pandemie.

’n Grondige ondersoek is nodig

byvoeglike met groot aandag aan detail en om die kompleksiteit van die
grondig naamwoord volledigheid krisis te begryp.

byvoeglike Bedagsame mense onderskei

bedagsaam naamwoord wat dink en vriendelik optree hulle van onbeskaafde mense.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike wat nie deur die verloop van tyd Die gebou het ’n klassieke en
tydloos naamwoord geraak word nie tydlose skoonheid.

Die sogenaamde tydigheid van

die nuwe wetgewing word
bevraagteken, want die
die verskynsel van betyds te konsensus is dat dit te laat is om
tydigheid naamwoord wees enige verskil te maak.

Om te kon sien hoe boeke

waardeer en geniet word, was ’n
tydige herinnering aan die
byvoeglike wat op presies die regte tyd belangrikheid van boeke in die
tydig naamwoord gebeur opvoedingsproses.

Dr. Wright is altyd goed

byvoeglike wat op die regte tyd gedoen voorberei vir sy lesings vanweë
tydig naamwoord word sy tydige beplanning.

Studente word toegelaat om ’n

spesifieke onderwerp binne die
byvoeglike saak waaroor daar gepraat of breë domein van armoede in
onderwerp naamwoord geskryf word Afrika te kies.

Die geskiedenisboek spoor die

’n proses of die ontwikkeling van gebeure na wat tot die oorlog in
naspoor werkwoord ietsbeskryf Vietnam gelei het.

Ná drie jaar het hy eindelik

iets of iemand vind of ontdek daarin geslaag om sy biologiese
opspoor werkwoord nadat daar deeglik gesoek is ouers op te spoor.

Argeoloë het spore gevind van ’n

’n aanduiding dat iets aanwesig prehistoriese beskawing naby
spoor naamwoord was Kaapstad.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die sosioloë van die Universiteit

akademiese of vakkundige werk meestal binne ’n
tradisie naamwoord paradigma Marxistiese tradisie.
’n spesifieke, lank gevestigde Die VSA het ’n tradisie van
tradisie naamwoord praktyk federale regering.

Eerlikheid sou ’n voorbeeld van

’n sentrale eienskap wees, en
bepaalde voorkeure en afkere
voorbeelde van sekondêre
’n spesifieke eienskap of eienskappe, wat slegs in sekere
eienskap naamwoord kenmerk omstandighede gesien word.

Via internetbankdienste kan

iets of iemand van een plek na fondse maklik van een rekening
oorplaas werkwoord ’n ander verskuif na ’n ander oorgeplaas word.

’n Geïntegreerde stroombaan is
verantwoordelik vir die oordrag
beweging van een plek na ’n van data van die rekenaar na die
oordrag naamwoord ander. drukker.

Energie kan nie vernietig of

geskep word nie, maar kan
getransformeer word,
die vorm, voorkoms of aard van byvoorbeeld van latent na
transformeer werkwoord iets verander kineties.

As jy oortree, gaan terug na die

oor die grense of buite die perke begin van jou voorneme en begin
oortree werkwoord gaan van vooraf.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die studente se
onverantwoordelike gedrag is ’n
iets wat oor die grense of perke oortreding van die
oortreding naamwoord gaan koshuisregulasies.

Inisiasie-rituele dui op die

die proses of periode van oorgang van kindwees na
verandering van een toestand volwassenheid in baie
oorgang naamwoord na ’n ander Afrikakulture.

Assesseringspraktyke moet
deursigtig wees sodat studente
byvoeglike die presiese vereistes van
deursigtig naamwoord duidelik en maklik verstaanbaar spesifieke take kan uitwerk.

Die tipe opstel wat jy gaan skryf,

hang baie van jou doelwit af – of
kategorie van mense of dinge jy die leser wil inlig, oorreed of
tipe naamwoord wat soortgelyke eienskappe het vermaak.

met die kenmerkende

byvoeglike eienskappe van ’n spesifieke Kragonderbrekings is tipies van
tipies naamwoord persoon, ding of situasie die huidige ekonomiese klimaat.

met die gewone of

byvoeglike standaardeienskappe van ’n ’n Tipiese middelklasgesin
tipies naamwoord groep bestaan uit vier lede.

byvoeglike met kenmerkende eienskappe Dit is tipies van ouers om kinders

tipies naamwoord van iets of iemand te wil beskerm.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy het vergeet om die regte

met betrekking tot die styl, tipografiese aanhalingstekens,
byvoeglike uitleg en voorkoms van die dubbelsesse en -neges, te
tipografies naamwoord gedrukte teks gebruik.

Die tipografie van die tydskrif het

verander - hier en daar verander
die twee kolomme na drie op die
voorkoms, uitleg en ontwerp bladsy, en daar is ’n blou kol op
tipografie naamwoord van ’n gedrukte teks die omslag.

’n Suid-Afrikaanse man het die

byvoeglike toppunt Valentynsdaggeskenke
toppunt naamwoord die beste of slegste van sy soort ontvang – ’n nuwe hart.

Die uiteindelike doel was om ’n

teorie te ontwikkel wat die
byvoeglike die laaste of finale in ’n reeks of verband tussen die verskillende
uiteindelik naamwoord proses temas in die gedigte verklaar.

Moderne taalteorie het ’n ryk

netwerk van
die basis of oorsaak van ’n organiseringsbeginsels blootgelê
handeling, teorie of argument wat die mens se taalvermoë
onderlê werkwoord vorm onderlê.

iets op ’n bepaalde manier

waarneem, interpreteer of Ek begryp die universele
begryp werkwoord beskou boodskap van die teks.

iets op ’n bepaalde manier

waarneem, interpreteer of Probeer tog die dwaasheid van
insien werkwoord beskou jou optrede insien.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

iets op ’n bepaalde manier Lesers sonder strategieë kan die

waarneem, interpreteer of skrywer se bedoeling maklik
verstaan werkwoord beskou verkeerd verstaan.

Ek het baie begrip vir my vriend

se probleme, want ek ervaar dit
begrip naamwoord vermoë om te verstaan ook in my eie lewe.

Dr. Smit se simpatieke houding

stel die studente op hul gemak
byvoeglike in staat om iets te begryp of te wanneer hulle ’n mondeling
simpatiek naamwoord verstaan doen.

byvoeglike Die resultaat was ongetwyfeld

ongetwyfeld naamwoord sonder twyfel indrukwekkend

Eenvormige kriteria vir die

byvoeglike vasstelling van studentegelde
eenvormig naamwoord wat dieselfde bly moet by alle universiteite geld.

Die sleutelidee is dat

inligtingstrukture gebruik word
om ’n verskeidenheid
byvoeglike taalkundige inligting op
eenvormig naamwoord oral en te alle tye dieselfde eenvormige wyse te kodeer.

Daar moet by alle universiteite

eenvormigheid wees oor die
kriteria vir die vasstelling van
eenvormigheid naamwoord toestand van dieselfde te wees studentegelde.

byvoeglike
uniek naamwoord die enigste van sy soort wees Elke persoon se skryfstyl is uniek.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy het gepraat oor universele

menslike bekommernisse en het
byvoeglike waar te alle tye en op alle plekke die strewe van gewone mense na
universeel naamwoord in die wêreld vrede en ’n beter lewe verwoord.

byvoeglike van toepassing op alle mense, Die tematiese trefkrag van die
universeel naamwoord dinge of plekke tragiese held is universeel.

Die Internasionale
Arbeidsorganisasie het ’n
universele MIV-
byvoeglike gedoen deur mense of dinge oor voorkomingsveldtog van stapel
universeel naamwoord die wêreld heen te betrek gestuur.
alle bestaande materie, plekke Die heelal bestaan hoofsaaklik uit
heelal naamwoord en tyd leë ruimte

Die ontydigheid van sy besoeke

die feit of eienskap van op ’n irriteer my, want hy kom altyd ná
ontydigheid naamwoord ongeleë tyd plaas te vind middernag wanneer ek wil slaap.

byvoeglike nie op ’n geskikte tyd plaasvind Sy ontydige dood het almal

ontydig naamwoord nie geskok.

Die Universiteit het die gebruik

van lesingsale ondersoek en
oorweeg doeltreffender reëlings
die manier waarop iets met betrekking tot die
gebruik naamwoord aangewend of benut word skedulering van lesings.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Hy gebruik die regte retoriese

gebruik werkwoord aanwend of toepas middele om sy gehoor te oortuig.

Dit verg ’n bietjie oefening, maar

byvoeglike wat vir ’n praktiese doel gebruik dit is ’n nuttige tegniek om te
nuttig naamwoord kan word bemeester.

praktiese, effektiewe Sy gebruik van retoriese tegnieke

aanwending naamwoord aanwending is besonder oortuigend.

Sommige studente se goeie

iets wat gebruik word, benutting van die biblioteek wys
benutting naamwoord gewoonlik vir ’n praktiese doel hulle dink dit het nut.

iets vir ’n praktiese doel Hy gebruik die regte retoriese

gebruik werkwoord aanwend middele om sy gehoor te oortuig.

Baie studente benut elke dag die

biblioteek se fasiliteite tot hul
benut werkwoord iets vir ’n praktiese doel gebruik voordeel.

Onderwysers wend tegnologie

aanwend werkwoord iets vir ’n praktiese doel gebruik tot hul voordeel aan.

byvoeglike Die republikeine toon nou hul

totaal naamwoord absoluut or volledig totale minagting vir demokrasie.

Hierdie wet is nie meer geldig nie

omdat dit nie op ons moderne
byvoeglike samelewing van toepassing is
geldig naamwoord in werking of van krag wees nie.

byvoeglike Sy het ’n geldige rede waarom sy

geldig naamwoord waar of akkuraat nie die eksamen kon skryf nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die kontrak wat deur al die

byvoeglike partye onderteken is, is wettig
geldig naamwoord met regskrag of gesag geldig.

byvoeglike Ek dink dit is steeds geldige

geldig naamwoord wat logies gefundeerd is argumente.
bewys dat iets waar of akkuraat Die model is teen twee stelle
waarmerk werkwoord is empiriese data gewaarmerk.

Voordat die metode wat in die

studie gebruik word, as veilig
beskryf kan word, moet
navorsers dit bekragtig en seker
die krag of waarde van iets maak dat dit geen negatiewe
bekragtig werkwoord bevestig gevolge het nie.

Die gestaafde statistieke in haar

byvoeglike wat bewys is as waar of artikel het kundiges van haar
gestaaf naamwoord akkuraat teorie oortuig.

By die gebruik van rekenaars vir

statistiese ontleding hou die
die handeling van iets as geldig grootste probleme verband met
validering naamwoord of akkuraat te verklaar die invoer en validering van data.

Ek bevraagteken die geldigheid

van hierdie toets, want dit toets
nie regtig wat dit voorgee om te
geldigheid naamwoord regskrag of gesag toets nie.

Die geldigheid van haar

argument word deur haar
geldigheid naamwoord logiese betroubaarheid kollegas bevraagteken.
Die geraamde waarde van die
waarde naamwoord hoeveel iets werd is ring is R20 000.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

Die waarde van die projek sal

daarin lê om ons begrip van die
voorwaardes vir sosiale en
politieke stabiliteit en
onstabiliteit in die hedendaagse
waarde naamwoord die nut of belangrikheid van iets wêreld te verhoog.

In ’n land met soveel misdaad en

bedrog word eerlikheid
waardeer werkwoord waarde aan iets heg toenemend gewaardeer.

Selfs al het die twee kante in ’n

argument dieselfde
waardesisteem en dieselfde doel
voor oë, kan daar steeds ’n
hewige argument wees as hul
persepsies van dieselfde situasie
waardesisteem naamwoord stel waardes verskil.

Sinvolle variasie in onderrigtake

behoort die verveling te verlig
verskille tussen dinge wat wat dosente soms ervaar
variasie naamwoord soortgelyk is wanneer hulle hul vak onderrig.

Die skrywer se nuwe boek is in

’n bepaalde styl of stemming dieselfde humoristiese trant as
trant naamwoord van skryf of praat haar vorige boeke geskryf.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

vorm van iets wat effens van Daardie besondere weergawe

ander vorms van dieselfde ding van die Bybel word as ’n goeie
weergawe naamwoord verskil vertaling beskou.

beskou werkwoord iets op ’n sekere manier beskou Hoe beskou jy hierdie probleem?

Verduidelik vir my jou siening van

die vermoë om iets vanuit ’n hierdie saak, want jou standpunt
siening naamwoord bepaalde perspektief te sien is vir my belangrik.

Jy moet oortuigende redes ter

ondersteuning van jou siening
verstrek om die oortuigingskrag
siening naamwoord ’n persoonlike opinie oor iets van jou argument te verhoog.

Die studente se
onverantwoordelike gedrag is ’n
die handeling van iets te skend skending van die
skending naamwoord of inbreuk daarop te maak koshuisregulasies.
Sy was feitlik ’n gevangene in
feitlik bywoord in wese, so te sê haar eie huis

byvoeglike deur middel van rekenaars Al sy kunswerke is in ’n virtuele

virtueel naamwoord geskep, veral via ’n netwerk galery te sien.

Die enorme ingenieursprojek

word uitgevoer met feitlik geen
onderbreking van die
feitlik bywoord bykans, omtrent verkeersvloei deur die stad nie.
Afrikaans Term POS2 Afrikaans Definition Afrikaans Example

byvoeglike
sigbaar naamwoord wat gesien kan word Hy was sigbaar ongemaklik.

’n prent, soos ’n foto, kaart, Die teks en beelde moet saam

beeld naamwoord skets of skildery die nodige inligting verskaf.

byvoeglike noodsaaklik of nodig vir iets om Lees is van kardinale belang in

kardinaal naamwoord te bestaan of te slaag tweedetaalleer.
die woorde wat in ’n taal Engels het ’n uitgebreide
woordeskat naamwoord gebruik word woordeskat.

’n Nuwe woordeskat het

die woorde wat iemand ken, of ontstaan om die ontwikkeling
wat in ’n spesifieke boek, vak, van rekenaartegnologie te
woordeskat naamwoord ens. gebruik word beskryf.

Om regstreeks in kleiner
maatskappye te belê, kan riskant
toestand of kwaliteit van vlugtig, wees as gevolg van hul
wisselvalligheid naamwoord onstabiel te wees wisselvalligheid.
Die stel ensiklopedieë bestaan uit
deel naamwoord ’n boek of een van ’n stel boeke vyftien dele.

’n opmerking, verklaring, Die politieke party het sy

beskuldiging, belofte, ens. beskuldiging dat die verkiesing
terugtrek werkwoord herroep onregverdig was, teruggetrek.

Sy het met geestige sarkasme ’n

byvoeglike reeks snitte uit rolprente en TV-
geestig naamwoord snaaks en slim films ontleed.
English TERM POS Definition

to stop doing something or being involved

in an activity or piece of work, especially
abandon verb before it is completed

to stop having an idea or thinking in a

abandon verb certain way

ability noun the state of being able to do something

different from what is normal, ordinary or

expected, often in a way that seems
abnormal adj strange, worrying, wrong or dangerous

absolute adjective not allowing for other opinions

absolutise verb make something absolute

attitude that meaning is immutable and

absolutism noun things are therefore unconditionally valid

to take new information into the mind and

absorb verb learn and understand it

to hold someone’s attention or interest

absorb verb completely

find something so interesting that you do

absorb verb not pay attention to anything else
 existing as an idea, but not as a physical
abstract adj thing.

abstract noun a short summary

abstract verb to infer abstract meaning from something

existing as an idea, but not as a physical
abstract adjective thing

summary of the major aspects of an

abstract noun academic paper

(the process of formulating) general ideas

abstraction noun from concrete data

to make a process happen faster or sooner

accelerate verb than expected

accept verb to consider something valid

accept verb to believe something to be true

to agree with or approve of someone or

accept verb something

the extent to which something can be

acceptability noun believed or agreed upon
acceptable adj that people can agree with or accept

acceptable adj that can be allowed

acceptable adjective that people can accept or agree with

what is accepted or believed to be true or

acceptable adjective correct

when you accept or believe that something

acceptance noun is right or true

what is approved of and/or regarded as

accepted adjective normal or correct

the opportunity to use or gain entry to a

access noun place or a building

the right, privilege or opportunity to use

access verb something or approach someone

to find or retrieve information from a

access verb storage device, such as a file

to be able to get into a place or use

access verb something

accessible adjective that can be reached easily

approachable and friendly, with whom one

accessible adjective can communicate comfortably
 to take someone or something into
accommodate verb consideration

willingness to fit in with somebody’s

accommodating adjective wishes or needs

accommodation noun an agreement that satisfies everyone

accompany verb to go with something or someone

accordance noun in agreement with or as determined by

according to adjective in agreement with

a report of something which has been put

account noun into own words

accumulate verb to gradually obtain more of something

accumulate verb to increase gradually in number or quantity

accumulated adjective gathered together

acknowledge verb to accept, admit or recognise.

acknowledge verb to recognise, accept, admit something

accept and mention (with gratitude or

acknowledge verb appreciation)

recognised as good, important, valid or

acknowledged adjective trustworthy

the recognition of something as good or

acknowledgement noun important

acceptance of the truth or existence of

acknowledgement noun something

to allow something to happen, although

acquiesce verb you do not like it

acquiescence noun (reluctant) acceptance

 tending to allow or accept something, even
acquiescent adjective if you do not like it

to get, gain (especially by deliberately

doing something for a certain amount of
acquire verb time)

to get, obtain (especially through hard

acquire verb work or effort)

acquired adjective that has been obtained or gained

acquisition noun the act of learning or developing a skill

obtaining something after hard work and

acquisition noun effort over a long period of time

the first letters of a group of words that are

acronym noun read together as one word

change to suit new circumstances or a new

adapt verb environment

change or adjustment to meet a new goal

adaptation noun or adapt to a new environment

changed to make it more suitable for a

adapted adjective specific purpose or situation

added to what was expected or to what

additional adjective was agreed upon
 having the qualities or resources needed to
adequate adj perform a task

adequate adjective good enough for a specific purpose

adequate adjective as much as is needed or desired

adhere verb to stick to something

to obey or follow a set of principles, a

adhere to verb course of action, or rules

to alter, change or regulate in order to

conform to a standard or to perform a
adjust verb function

an alteration made to achieve a desired

adjustment noun outcome or result

to organise, provide or apply formally and

administer verb correctly

admit verb to agree that something is true

something that puts you in a favourable

advantage noun position
advantageous adjective having an advantage

advocate verb to speak, plead or argue in favour of

someone who speaks, pleads or argues in
advocate noun favour of something

to speak, plead or argue in favour of

advocate verb something

affect verb to have an influence (up)on

strong emotion, especially in relation to

affect noun how it influences thinking and behaviour

being in consent with a statement or

affirmative adjective request

a whole formed by combining separate

aggregate noun things

a sum total of many different things taken

aggregate noun together

to protest or argue in public for something

you want, especially a political or social
agitate verb change

originally only a mathematical way of

calculation, but the meaning has expanded
to include a broader definition, viz. a step-
by-step approach to tasks and problem
algorithm noun solving
adjective,
algorithmical adverb making use of algorithms
algorithmisation noun the real execution of the different steps

to state something as a fact without giving

allege verb proof

to claim that something is the matter

allege verb without having proof

alleged adjective of which the truth has not yet been proven

alleged adjective who is thought to be guilty

to repeat the same sound or letter in order

alliterate verb to create a special effect

the repetition of the same sound or letter

alliteration noun at the beginning of adjacent words

containing words that begin with the same

alliterative adjective sound or letter

allocate verb to distribute according to a plan

to decide to use something for a certain

allocate verb purpose
 decision to use something for a certain
allocation noun purpose

to mention something or someone briefly

allude verb or indirectly

a brief or indirect reference to someone or

allusion noun something

alter verb to cause to change or make different

to put two things, one after the other, in a

alternate verb repeated pattern

alternate verb to do or happen in turn

alternating adjective in turn

alternation noun repeated rotation

alternative noun one of two options

alternative adjective offering the choice between two things

alternatively adverb in the alternative

ambiguity noun the state of having more than one meaning

something that is not clear because it can

ambiguity noun be interpreted in different ways

ambiguous adj having more than one meaning

simultaneous presence of conflicting

ambivalence noun wishes or feelings

adjective, regarding the simultaneous existence of

ambivalent adverb opposite wishes or feelings

to change a law, agreement or document

amend verb slightly

to make minor changes in order to be

amend verb more accurate

an error in chronology in which a person or

anachronism noun thing is placed in the wrong historical time

incompatible with the time in which

anachronistic adjective something happens

analogous adjective similar to something else

 drawing a comparison in order to show a
analogy noun similarity between two things

something that is comparable to

analogy noun something else in significant ways

to break up a whole into the parts of which

it was composed and identify relationships
analyse verb among the parts

to examine something methodically in

analyse verb order to explain it

analytical adjective making use of analysis

adjective,
anecdotal adverb by means of stories

short, entertaining narrative that is usually

anecdote noun true

annual adj calculated over the period of one year

a magazine or book that is published once

a year and that has the same title, but
annual noun different content

a magazine or book that is published once

a year with the same title but different
annual noun content

annual adjective happening once every year

something that differs from what is usual,

anomaly noun normal or expected
anthropological adjective relating to anthropology

systematic study of the origin and

evolution of human beings, the
organisation of social and cultural
relationships, human behaviour, variations
between different people, how the
evolutionary past of homo sapiens
influenced its social organisation and
anthropology noun culture, etc.

anticipate verb to regard something as probable or likely

to logically foresee events that might

anticipate verb happen in the future

anticipatingly adverb in anticipation

anticipation noun the action of expecting something

containing, expressing or revealing

anticipatory adjective anticipation

antonym noun a word which means the opposite

apparent adj easy to see or understand

apparent adjective easy to notice

a formal request to an authority for a

appeal noun decision to be changed

to make a formal request to some

appeal verb authority for a decision to be changed

to persuade somebody to do something on

the grounds that it is fair and reasonable to
appeal verb do so

appeal verb make an urgent public request

appeal noun immediate effect

to give the impression of being or

appear verb happening

to come into the public domain or be

appear verb published

the act or fact of coming into the public

appearance noun domain

append verb to add to or attach

 a part at the end of a book or document
appendix noun which gives extra information

applicability noun the degree to which something is uselful

applicable adjective suitable for being applied

application noun the act of putting something into operation

applied adjective as used in practice, opposed to theory

to make practical use of something,

apply verb opposed to theory

the act of appointing someone in a

appointment noun position or office

to recognise the good qualities of

appreciate verb something or someone.

appreciate verb to understand something

appreciate verb to increase in value over a period of time

 to recognise and be grateful for the good
appreciate verb qualities of something or someone

approach verb to start dealing with a problem or task

a way of looking at an issue, a problem or a

approach noun phenomenon

approach noun the way you deal with a problem or task

suitable for a particular purpose, place,

appropriate adj condition, etc.

to take something that does not belong to

you, especially illegally or without
appropriate verb permission

appropriateness noun acceptability in specific circumstances

approximate verb nearly correct or accurate, but not precise

to come close to or be near something in

approximate verb amount, quality or nature

to roughly estimate or make a fairly

approximate verb accurate calculation

what has been estimated and is fairly

approximated adjective accurate

approximately adverb almost correct or accurate

approximation noun rough calculation

approximation noun estimation or rough calculation

based on individual discretion or

arbitrary adjective preference

arbitrate verb to mediate between parties

mediated between parties and decided by

arbitrated adjective an arbitrator or referee

a neutral person who mediates between

parties out of court and help to settle a
arbitrator noun dispute

area noun field of study

area noun field

to give reasons for your opinion on a

argue verb particular matter
 to give reasons to support an idea with the
argue verb aim of persuading others

supply logical reasons for your point of

argue verb view

exposition of a case characterised by

postulation of point of view, evidence,
consideration of conflicting views and
systematic structuring of thoughts leading
argument noun to a logical conclusion

argument noun for the purpose of expressing views

exposition of an argument characterized

by postulation of point of view, evidence,
consideration of conflicting views,
systematic structuring of thoughts leading
argumentation noun to a logical conclusion

logical exposition or explanation of your

argumentation noun point of view

using reason and logic to make or support

argumentative adjective an argument

expression of creative skill which is

art noun aesthetically satisfying, striking or moving

artful adjective characteristic of art

 not genuine or authentic, but imitated or
artificial adjective unnatural

that which is not genuine or authentic, but

artificiality noun immitated or unnatural

artistic adjective done with imagination and skill

artistic adjective characteristic of art

artistic adjective to be able to produce or appreciate art

ability or skill in producing art that is good

artistry noun or beautiful

to believe, consider or declare that

something is caused by or exists because
ascribe verb of someone or something else

a characteristic or trait that must be taken

aspect noun into account or considered

a particular part or feature of a situation,

aspect noun idea, plan, etc.

to fit, put or join the parts of something

assemble verb together

to come together or bring things or people

assemble verb together in a group

assemble verb to bring things together

 official approval or agreement from
assent noun someone

to estimate the nature, quality, ability or

assess verb significance of something
to calculate the cost, amount or extent of
assess verb something

to select something or someone for a

assign verb specific purpose.

to select something or someone for a

assign verb specific purpose

assignment noun task or essay

to absorb ideas, information, etc. so that

you understand it thoroughly and feel
assimilate verb ready to use it

repetition of the same vowels in nearby

assonance noun words

assonate verb repeat vowel sounds near each other

assonated adjective where assonance occurs

take to be the case or to be true, although

assume verb you have no proof
assume verb to take or take over power or responsibility

the belief that something is the case or is

assumption noun true

atmosphere noun general attitude or mindset

attach verb to fasten or join one thing to another thing

to be part of or to work for a particular

organisation, especially for a short period
attach verb of time

attached adjective connected or fastened to something

attachment noun an added document

attain verb to gain by putting in effort

a way of thinking or feeling about

attitude noun something

attitude noun a way of thinking or feeling

to say or believe that something is the

attribute verb result of something else

to say that someone is responsible for

attribute verb saying or doing something

a characteristic belonging to something or

attribute noun someone
authentic adjective original or genuine

authenticity noun originality or genuineness

authorise verb to give permission; to approve

authorise verb to give permission or approve

authoritative adj as if being an expert

authoritative adjective with regard to authority and influence

authoritatively adverb trusted as accurate

someone with the power or right to give

authority noun orders or make decisions

authority noun expertness in a particular field

authority noun expert in a particular field

form of government where an autocrat

autocracy noun rules
autocratic adjective wielding absolute power

adjective,
autonomous adverb with freedom to function on your own

the ability to function on your own in a

autonomy noun responsible way

the fact of being at hand or to one’s

availability noun disposal

mean calculated by dividing the sum of the

average noun values in a set by their number

award verb to give a prize

award noun prize

awarded adjective given as prize or reward

back verb show that something is correct

balance noun something that bears the most weight

 to use an idea, fact or situation as a point
base verb from which something can be developed

base on verb to use as the starting point for something

base upon verb to use as the starting point for something

based upon verb where … was the starting point

the reason why people take a particular

basis noun action
the important facts or ideas that support
basis noun something

basis noun underlying idea or theory

begin verb to commence

being noun a person or an imaginary creature

a standard against which other things can

benchmark noun be measured

to evaluate or judge the standard of

something by measuring it against other
benchmark verb examples of the same thing

benefit noun something that is useful

benefit from verb be to your advantage

 an error in the way a survey is designed,
bias noun which will cause the data to be unreliable
an influence on somebody's opinions or
bias noun decisions

an opinion that influences how you deal

bias noun with a person, group or issue

biased adj showing prejudice or bias

bibliographic adjective relating to a bibliography

list of sources consulted at the end of an

bibliography noun academic text

binary adjective having two parts

brief verb to give essential information.

brief adj using few words or a short time

brief verb to give essential information

 using few words or continuing for a short
brief adjective time

bulk noun the main part or most of something

determine the amount or number of
calculate verb something mathematically

calculate verb plan for something to have a certain effect

aimed at, or intending to have, a certain
calculating adjective effect

determination of the amount or number of

calculation noun something by means of mathematics

regarding the readings of measuring

instrument, marked, checked or adjusted
calibrated adjective by comparison with a standard scale

capable adjective having the ability to perform a specific task

capacity noun ability to do, make or achieve something

caricatural adjective like or with the character of a caricature

picture or description of a person that

deliberately exaggerates certain striking
features of him or her to produce a comic
caricature noun or grotesque effect

carry out verb perform, execute or accomplish something

a complete list of items, arranged

alphabetically or in another systematic
catalogue noun order, with descriptive detail
 make a systematic list of items of the same
catalogue verb type or enter an item in such a list

adjective,
categorical adverb according to categories

categorical adjective stating something in absolute terms

adjective,
categorical adverb in absolute terms

arrange people or things in groups or types

according to shared qualities or
categorise verb characteristics

distinct group, class or division of people or

things, the members of which share
category noun particular characteristics

causal adjective relating to a cause or indicating a cause

causality noun a logical chain of cause and effect

causality noun relationship between cause and effect

causative adjective acting as a cause or expressing causation

cause verb to be the cause of or reason for

cause verb bring about or make happen

person, event or condition that brings

cause noun about an effect or result

cease verb put an end to a state or an activity

come to an end or put an end to

cease verb something

certainty noun conviction that something is the case

a questioning of the truth, value or validity

challenge noun of something

call on someone to engage in a contest, or

challenge verb dispute someone’s authority

channel noun the medium for transmitting a message

course of communication, or a path along

channel noun which information is transmitted

character noun distinguishing nature of something

description of the distinctive nature or

characterisation noun features of someone or something
 to give the most typical feature(s) of
characterise verb something

be typical or a distinctive trait of someone

characterise verb or something

describe the qualities or distinct features

characterise verb of someone or something

feature typically belonging to a person,

place or thing that helps to identify him,
characteristic noun her or it

typical or distinguishing of a particular

characteristic adjective person, place or thing

a visual display of information, such as a

chart noun diagram or graph

to record or follow the progress of

chart verb something

map for navigation, or a sheet presenting

chart noun information graphically

make a map of an area, or record the

chart verb development of something

of a record of events, arranged according

chronological adjective to the time of occurrence
 arrangement of events in order of their
chronology noun occurrence

science that deals with measuring time by

regular divisions and the determination of
chronology noun dates

circa adjective approximately, about

circumstance noun the way an event happened or its causes

fact or condition determining or modifying

circumstance noun an event

citation noun words taken directly from a source

quotation or excerpt from a source or a

reference to it for substantiation,
citation noun especially in a scholarly paper

quote or mention something, especially as

an example or proof of what you
cite verb are saying

cite verb make reference to

cited adjective what has been referred to

regarding the citizens of a state, or

occurring between or among citizens of a
civil adjective state

the act of making something clear and

clarification noun comprehensible

clarify verb to make clear and comprehensible

to make something clear and

clarify verb understandable, set it out clearly

clarifying adjective clear and comprehensible

clarity noun the quality of being expressed clearly

the quality of being clearly expressed and

clarity noun explained

clarity noun to be clear

classic adjective well-known and considered of high quality

classical adjective as, of or with respect to the art of antiquity

trend in the arts, literature and

architecture that follows the models of
Greek and Roman antiquity (the Classics);
it had its first revival in Europe during the
Renaissance and was further developed in
the artistic pursuits and design during Neo-
Classicism; architecture and literature
strictly followed the form of classical
works; this often resulted in a cold,
impersonal style and loss of content
Classicism noun quality

a scholar or student in the languages,

letters and culture of the ancient Greeks
classicist noun and Romans

classicist adjective according to the rules of classical art

everything to do with Greek and Roman

Classics noun antiquity

to arrange something in groups according

classify verb to features

clear adjective easy to understand

clear adjective easy to see

 in a way that is easy to see, hear or
clearly adverb understand

cliché noun overused or unoriginal phrase

cliché-like adjective like a cliché

a piece of evidence to help you solve a

clue noun problem

information that helps you understand

clue noun something

a piece of information to solve a riddle or

clue noun crime

co-operate verb to work together on a common project

code noun a set of rules or principles or laws

to use words, letters or numbers to show

code verb that an item belongs to a particular group

code noun a set of rules, principles or laws

use words, letters or numbers to indicate

that an item belongs to a specific group or
code verb collection
cogent adjective reasonable and convincing

the process by which people understand

cognition noun things

cognition noun mental action

cognitive adjective relating to the mind and brain

cognitively adverb in terms of thinking and the brain

to be orderly and logically consistent or

cohere verb linked

the orderly and coherent relation between

coherence noun the parts of the whole

coherent adjective which makes logical sense

marked by an orderly and consistent

coherent adjective relation between the parts of a whole

coherently adverb logically

 semantic relation between parts of a text
or elements in a text that ensures that the
cohesion noun text flows logically

coincide verb to happen simultaneously

to be exactly the same as, or very similar

coincide verb to, something else

collapse verb to fall down suddenly

a sudden failure in the way something

collapse noun works, so that it cannot continue

that has been gathered together or

collected adjective assembled

group of similar things that are kept or

collection noun brought together

academic discussion or seminar in which

colloquium noun more than one speaker participates

come forth verb come out

commence verb to begin or start

commencement noun the point in time when something starts

to give your opinion about something or

someone, or your explanation for
comment verb something

a written or spoken remark, criticism or

comment noun observation about an event, a person etc

something that reveals something, usually

comment noun bad, about a situation or event

a written or spoken remark, criticism or

comment noun observation about an event, a person etc.

comment noun expression of opinion or reaction

a special group delegated to consider a

commission noun matter

to officially ask somebody to do or write

commission verb something

to say you will use something for a

commit verb particular purpose
 a useful or valuable thing that can be sold
commodity noun to make a profit

common adjective shared by two or more people or things

to interchange information or ideas with

communicate verb someone else, using words, signs, etc.

a group of interdependent entities sharing

community noun the same space or interests

a group of people sharing the same social

community noun practices

comparable possible to compare

adjective, which involves the observation of

comparative adverb similarities and differences between things

to examine things to see how they are

compare verb similar or different

examine things to determine in what

respects they are similar and in what
compare verb respects they differ from each other

the examination of things to see how they

comparison noun are similar of different

a state in which two things are able to exist

compatibility noun in harmonious combination
 able to exist and perform in harmonious
compatible adj combination

compensate verb to pay someone money for something

to balance, remove or mitigate the

compensate verb negative consequences of something

competence noun the skill to perform a particular task

a list, document, book, report, etc. that has

been put together by assembling
compilation noun information

to put together a list, document, book,

compile verb report, etc. by assembling information

that has been put together as a list,

document, book, report, etc. by
compiled adjective assembling information

a person who puts parts or information

compiler noun together

something that provides additional

qualities in order to improve or complete
complement noun something else

to add to something in a way that

complement verb improves it or completes it

to contribute to something else in such a

complement verb way that it is made better
 complimenting or supplementing each
complementary adjective other

completed adjective which forms an integral whole

which consists of different interdependent

complex adjective parts

complexity noun state of being complex or intricate

complicate verb to make something complicated

one of the individual parts making up a

component noun larger entity

a whole formed by joining two or more

compound noun elements or parts

to fully understand something that is

comprehend verb complicated or difficult

comprehensive adj including all or everything

adjective, including or dealing with most or all

comprehensive adverb aspects of something

condition that includes most or all aspects

comprehensiveness noun of something

comprise verb consist of

comprise verb be made up of

comprise of verb be made up of

compute verb to calculate a figure or amount

conceive verb to form an idea in your mind

conceive verb to imagine a particular situation

concentrate verb to make denser, stronger or purer

concentrate verb to bring together

concentrate verb to focus your full attention on something

concentrated adjective made stronger by removing water from it

concept noun an abstract or general idea

concept noun basic content, idea or design

conceptual adjective according to meaning

adjective,
conceptual adverb with regard to a concept or concepts
conceptualisation noun abstract representation

conceptualise verb to form a concept

giving only the information that is

concise adj necessary or important

the extent to which only the necessary or

conciseness noun important information is given

to make a decision after considering all the

conclude verb information you have

to successfully complete something you

conclude verb have been doing, especially for a long time

to make a decision after considering all the

conclude verb information you have

an opinion you reach after thinking about

conclusion noun all the information

an opinion you reach after considering all

conclusion noun the information

the completion and finalisation of

conclusion noun something

an opinion you reach after thinking about

conclusion noun all the information
 an opinion you reach after considering all
conclusion noun the information

adjective,
concrete adverb in a concrete (physical) way

concretise verb to make concrete

concur verb agree with somebody or something

concurrent adj occurring at the same time

disapprove of something or someone very

condemn verb strongly

to give judgement against something or

condemn verb someone

conduct verb to perform or carry out

the way a business, campaign or activity is

conduct noun organised or managed

confer verb exchange thoughts on something

 to give an honour, degree, title, etc. to
confer verb someone
to officially give someone a degree, title,
confer verb etc.

confine verb to place limits on

to prevent something from spreading

confine verb beyond a particular place or group.

to prevent something from spreading

confine verb beyond a particular place or group

to say, or show with facts or evidence, that

confirm verb something is definitely true

confirmation noun the action of confirming something

reinforcement or proof with new evidence

confirmation noun or facts

conflict verb to be completely different from each other

a situation where people are in serious

conflict noun disagreement

conform verb adapt to something

conform verb to obey a law, rule, etc.

conform verb to comply with laws, rules or standards

 behaving according to certain social
conforming adjective standards

conformity noun compliance with laws, rules or standards

correct ratio of the parts or elements to

congruence noun each other

congruent adjective fitting together

congruent adjective in agreement with each other

connect verb to join together

connect verb establish a link between people or things

connect verb to join together meaningfully

connected adjective belonging together

connecting adjective joining different things or aspects together

connecting noun making connections between

connection noun a relationship between things

connection noun a relationship between things

idea or feeling which is associated with a

connotation noun word, apart from the literal meaning

suggesting a secondary meaning in

connotative adjective addition to the primary meaning

consensual adjective created by agreement between parties

consensus noun general agreement

to respond favourably or give an

consent verb affirmative reply to

consent noun permission to do something

consent noun agreement about something

consequence noun a result of something

 happening as a direct result of an event or
consequent adj situation

to think about or give attention to

something that you are discussing or
consider verb studying
consider verb to think about

considerable adjective quite long

large in number or amount or extent or

considerable adj degree

which has been tought about or given

considered adjective attention to

consist verb made up of.

consist verb made up of

the quality of always behaving in the same

consistency noun way

consistency noun how thick, smooth or firm a substance is

that which arises logically from what has

consistency noun preceded

consistent adj be in agreement with something

always behaving in the same way, and

consistent adj continuing for a period of time
 adjective,
consistent adverb in agreement with something

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely

constant adj continuing

a thing, quantity or value that always stays

constant noun the same

one of the parts that combine to form a

constituent noun whole

constituent adjective a voting member of an organisation

constituent adjective being a part of the whole

constitute verb to form or compose

constitute verb to be something or represent something

constitute verb to set up or establish

constitution noun set of established rules

constrain verb to hold back

construct verb to make by combining materials and parts

 to form something, such as an idea,
sentence, argument or piece of writing, by
construct verb joining different words, ideas, etc.

construct noun a complex idea, belief or philosophy

construct verb to build or shape

construct verb create or shape

theory, usually based on qualitative norms,

construct noun containing various conceptual elements

to form something, such as an idea,

sentence, argument or piece of writing, by
construct verb joining different words, ideas, etc.

constructed adjective formed or built

something that has been built, usually a big

construction noun structure

adjective,
constructive adverb useful and beneficial

school of thought that states that

knowledge and meaning are not neutral
but socially constructed, in other words
within the context of communities and
constructivism noun historical periods

constructivist adjective relating to the theory of constructivism

to go to a person, book, etc. for advice or

consult verb information
 to talk and exchange ideas and opinions
about something so that you can make a
consult verb decision together

consult verb search for information in a book

consume verb use up resources or materials

contemporary adj belonging to the present time

belonging to the same time as something
contemporary adjective else

the general situation, events or

information that is related to an idea or
event and that contributes to its
context noun understanding

the words and sentences that come before

and after a particular word, and which help
context noun to make its meaning clear

the words and sentences that come before

and after a particular word, and which help
context noun to make its meaning clear

coherence in which the meaning or value

of the parts is determined by the whole or
by their relationship, and that of the whole
context noun by the parts

adjective, relating to the context in which something

contextual adverb happens, or to the context of a text
contextualise verb put something in context

a binding agreement which can be

contract noun enforced by law

to make a formal agreement with

contract verb somebody to do something

contract noun mutual agreement or treaty

to enter into a formal agreement with

contract verb someone to do something

contract verb to enter into or to conclude a contract

adjective,
contractual adverb according to a contract

to be very different from each other, said

or written, to the extent that one may be
contradict verb wrong

contradict verb to prove negative; show to be false

to say the opposite of what you or

contradict verb someone has said before

contradict verb to prove something as negative or false

 to make or contain statements that are
contradict verb completely different from each other

a lack of agreement between facts,

contradiction noun opinions or actions

a combination of two things that seem to

contradiction noun be the opposite of each other

which is so diverse that it cannot all be

contradictory adjective true

which differ so much from each other that

contradictory adjective both cannot be true or correct

contrary noun completely different or the exact opposite

the opposite of what has been said or

contrary noun done.

contrary noun the opposite is true

contrary noun the opposite of what has been said or done

contrary noun just the opposite

completely different and opposed to

contrary adj another belief, opinion, idea or view

to compare two things in order to show

contrast verb the differences between them
 a sharp distinction between things,
especially if you place them next to each
contrast noun other

contrast noun stark difference

compare two things and show how they

contrast verb clearly differ from each other

a big difference between things, especially

contrast noun if you place them next to each other
adjective,
contrasting adverb differing in a striking way

where the differences between things are

contrasting adjective shown by comparing them with each other

to give money or resources to achieve a

contribute verb particular purpose, or to pay for something

to write an article for a journal, magazine

contribute verb or newspaper

controversial adj causing a lot of public disagreement

controversial adjective giving rise to disagreement

leading to considerable public

controversial adjective disagreement
 a public discussion about an issue that
controversy noun many people strongly disagree about

controversy noun prolonged disagreement

a public discussion about an issue that

controversy noun many people strongly disagree about

a public discussion about an issue that

controversy noun many people strongly disagree about

controversy noun prolonged disagreement

(arrange for a formal meeting) to take

convene verb place

convention noun the way in which something is usually done

adjective, according to the way something is usually

conventional adverb done

to move towards the same place from

different directions, or meet or join at a
converge verb particular place

to stop being different and become similar

converge verb in ideas, theories, societies, etc

converge verb stop being different and become similar

converge verb to meet

movement towards the same place from

different directions, or meeting or joining
convergence noun at a particular place

adjective,
convergent adverb directed at one point

converse verb to carry on a discussion

the opposite of a fact, opinion or

converse noun statement

to change the nature, purpose or function

convert verb of something

to persuade someone to change their

convert verb beliefs, opinions or habits

convert verb to be changed from one form to another

someone who has changed or been

persuaded to change to a different religion,
convert noun political belief, etc

someone who has changed or been

persuaded to change to a different religion,
convert noun political belief, habit, etc.
 to make someone realise the truth or
convince verb validity of something

to bring different elements together in a

coordinate verb harmonious way

with different elements in an efficient

coordinated adjective relationship

the organisation of different elements so

as to make them function together at the
coordination noun same time

core noun the most vital or central part

to show that there is a close connection

correlate verb between two or more facts or figures

any one of two or more matters which are

correlate noun mutually related

a connection between two things in which

correlation noun one thing changes as the other does

mutual relation, connection,

correlation noun interdependence

correlative adjective having a mutual relationship

correspond verb to be compatible, similar or consistent

counterplea noun response to opponents arguments

to cause something new or original to

create verb happen or exist

create verb to generate or bring about

to cause something new or original to

create verb happen or exist

to cause something new or original to

create verb happen or exist

something new and original that has been

creation noun created or established

something new and original that has been

creation noun created or established

involving the use of imagination to create

creative adjective something new or original

standards, benchmarks or guidelines for

criteria noun rating

a characteristic in terms of which

criterion noun something can be evaluated

critical adjective looking for and pointing out mistakes

to judge the quality of something and

criticise verb indica`te faults
 analysis and judgement of merits and
criticism noun faults

crucial adj of extreme importance

cultivate verb to develop a way of thinking or behaving

cultivate verb develop

relating to the ideas, conventions and

cultural adjective social customs of a society

a particular society at a particular time and

culture noun place

the customs, social institutions, beliefs and

arts shared by a particular society or
culture noun civilisation

activities such as art, music, literature,

which are considered important to a
culture noun civilisation at a particular time

ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a

culture noun society

the metal or paper medium of exchange

currency noun that is used at present

an idea, word or custom which is accepted

currency noun and used by many people
 the state of being accepted or used by a lot
currency noun of people

curricular adjective relating to a curriculum

plan and draw up a curriculum for a

curriculate verb subject

curriculum noun elements comprising a course of study

brief account of qualifications and previous

work experience, sent with a job
curriculum vitae noun application

cycle noun a periodically repeated sequence of events

one complete series of movements that

completes an electrical, mechanical or
cycle noun electronic process

one complete series of movements that

completes an electrical, mechanical or
cycle noun electronic process

information, facts, measurements or

observations which are examined to find
data noun out things

a discussion with reasons for and against

some proposal so that you can make a
debate verb decision or solve a problem
 a discussion on a subject about which
debate noun people’s opinions differ

have a discussion with reasons for and

against a proposal in order to make a
debate verb decision or solve a problem

discussion where participants state

debate noun different points of view

debating adjective in a formal, argumentative way

decade noun a period of 10 years

decade noun a period of ten years

to remove something from one

concentration point and divide and
decentralise verb distribute it

decline verb to become smaller, fewer or weaker

a gradual lessening in the quantity, quality

decline noun or importance of something

to undermine textual meaning by

highlighting inherent conflict and
deconstruct verb contradictions
 philosophical school of thought that rejects
the generally accepted view that words in
deconstruction noun texts form a coherent meaning

deconstructive adjective related to the theory of deconstruction

to continuously become fewer in number

decrease verb or less in value

condition of becoming smaller, fewer of

decrease noun weaker

to continuously become fewer in number

decrease verb or less in value

an official order from a government or

decree noun ruler that becomes the law

to say that a book, movie or piece of music

was written, made or composed for
dedicate verb someone you love or respect

dedicate verb to devote time and effort to something

to form an opinion based on the

deduce verb information or evidence available

an opinion that has been based on the

deduction noun available information or evidence

deduction noun reasoning from the general to the specific

 an opinion that has been based on the
deduction noun available information or evidence
adjective,
deductive adverb arguing from the general to the specific

through lack of opposition rather than

default noun conscious choice or action

something that exists or happens if you do

default noun not change it intentionally

defer verb to delay until a later time

to accept someone's decision or opinion

defer verb because you respect him or her

not containing or having enough of

something that is needed for proper
deficient adj functioning

that can be described or defined in order

definable adjective to distinguish it from something else

to provide the characteristics of something

define verb to distinguish it from other things

to describe something thoroughly and

define verb correctly

to provide the characteristics of something

define verb to distinguish it from other things

defined adjective for which a definition has been provided

 determined in such a way that it can be
distinguished from other things or
defined adjective concepts

definite adj explicit and clearly defined

definite adjective clearly defined

exact statement of the meaning of

definition noun something

to think very carefully about something so

deliberate verb that you can make a decision

deliberate adj slow and determined

to think very carefully about something so

deliberate verb that a decision can be made

to think very carefully about something so

deliberate verb that a decision can be made

deliberately adverb on purpose

deliberateness noun intention

the process of thoroughly discussing and

deliberation noun considering something
deliberation noun careful consideration

deliver verb give

something you believe but which is not

delusion noun true

demand verb strictly require

demonstrate verb to show or prove something

to show that you have a skill, quality,

demonstrate verb ability or feeling.

demonstrate verb to show or outline an action step by step

to show that you have a certain skill,

demonstrate verb quality, ability or feeling

demonstrated adjective of which a demonstration is provided

demonstration noun a practical explanation

denotation noun literal meaning

 which carries the main meaning and does
denotative adjective not include feelings or opinions

denote verb to give a sign or indication of

denote verb to mean or represent

difficult to understand because it contains

many ideas and information, and uses
dense adj difficult language

containing many people or objects with

dense adj little space between them

deny verb to declare that something is untrue

to reject something as false, or to refuse to

deny verb believe, accept or acknowledge something

depress verb to make the value of prices or wages lower

derivable adjective which can be derived from something

derivation noun formation of a word from another word

derivative noun a word formed from another word

calculate, discover or establish something

derive verb using the available information

explain what something or someone is or

describe verb looks like
 speech or writing that gives an account of
description noun what something is like

speech or writing that gives an account of

description noun what something is like

account giving the characteristics of

description noun something or someone

descriptive adjective giving an account of what something is like

the way that something looks, works or is

design noun used

a detailed drawing or plan of something to

show how it will work and how you will
design noun make it.

an overall plan or intention that you have

design noun in your mind when you do something

create a drawing, plan or model according

design verb to which something can be made or built

to plan or develop something that is

design verb intended for a specific purpose

design verb create something new or original

a detailed drawing or plan of something to

show how it will work and how you will
design noun make it

a detailed plan of something that shows

how it will work and how you will approach
design noun it
 develop a drawing, plan or model
according to which something can be
design verb made, built or written

which has been drawn, planned or

modelled to show how it can be built,
designed adjective made or written

detailed adjective showing attention to detail

detect verb to discover or determine

determination noun firm intention to achieve a goal

solution achieved through arguments and

determination noun reasoning

determine verb to discover the facts about something

to supply a detailed description of

something, or to calculate something
determine verb meticulously

which causes something to happen in a

determining adjective particular way

detriment noun disadvantage or damage, harm or loss

develop verb gradually grow or become bigger

to produce a new system, method,

develop verb product, etc
 to produce a new idea, method, system or
develop verb product

develop verb gradually grow and become bigger

develop verb extend further

develop verb to grow and become mature

develop verb make or become more advanced

developed adjective which has grown and changed

developing adjective growing or changing

development noun process of growth and improvement

development noun progress and change taking place

development noun building process or new buildings

to do something differently from the

deviate verb accepted way of doing it

do something in a way that is different

deviate verb from the usual, accepted way
 movement away from what is expected or
deviation noun acceptable

which differs from an accepted standard or

deviatory adjective norm

an instrument or appliance invented for a

device noun particular purpose

a tool or device designed for a specific

device noun purpose

to plan, create, work out or invent

something (a system, plan, machine, etc.)
devise verb complicated or clever in your mind

to plan, work out or invent something

devise verb complicated or clever in your mind

the act of thinking or planning something

devising noun complicated or clever

to give most of your attention or time to

devote verb something or someone

to use a certain amount of space or time in

a piece of writing/speech on a particular
devote verb subject

to put in a lot of effort or spend a lot of

devote verb time on something

a simple line drawing, sketch or plan which

explains or illustrates what something
diagram noun looks like or how it works
 intellectual exchange of ideas, discussion
dialectic noun and reasoning by dialogue

making use of logical thinking and

dialectical adjective discussion

dichotomise verb to divide into two incompatible groups

division into two mutually exclusive groups

dichotomy noun or classes

dicotomous adjective characterised by dichotomy

to tell someone how they should behave

dictate verb and what they must do

dictate verb to control how something happens

which aims to teach and impart knowledge

didactic adjective and wisdom

didactics noun something that teaches or intends to teach

differ verb be different from something or somebody

differ verb to be different or have a different opinion

a way in which one person or thing is

difference noun different from another

different adjective not like someone or something else

to recognise or show what makes one

differentiate verb thing different from another

differentiate verb to treat one differently from the other

to recognise or show what makes one

differentiate verb thing different from another

differentiate verb to see the difference between things

differentiated adjective where a difference has been made

differentiation noun process of distinguishing between things

to make available and spread knowledge,

ideas, information, etc. over a wide area or
diffuse verb to many people.
diffuse adj spread out over a large area

vague, indirect or difficult to understand or

diffuse adj explain

to make available and spread over a wide

diffuse verb area or to many people

to think about information, especially if

there is a lot of it or it is difficult to
digest verb understand, so that you can understand it

to think about a lot of difficult information

digest verb so that you can understand it

dimension noun a feature distinguishing objects or people

a part of a situation that affects your

dimension noun opinion about it

dimensional adjective relating to dimentions

dimensions noun the length, width and height of something

diminish verb to become less or weaker

diminish verb to make or become less or weaker.

to be aware of something or understand it

after looking at it or thinking about it
discern verb carefully
 a point of view shared by a specific social
discourse noun group, often expressed in writing

discourse noun the language used in a particular context

words in a text, lecture, speech or paper

that help readers and listeners to follow
discourse markers noun the discourse with ease

a way of reading comprehension in which

the reader, with the help of thematic
keywords, link words and argument
markers, follows the course of the theme
through the text and better understands
the coherence or connection between the
discourse reading noun thematic units

discourse reading noun reading a broad outline of a text

discrete adj making up a separate entity or part

careful not to let other people see or

discrete adjective notice something

discuss verb to talk or write about something in detail

to consider a problem or an issue from

discuss verb more than one point of view

that has been talked about or considered

discussed adjective from more than one viewpoint
 the process of talking about something and
discussion noun considering it from different angles

separate yourself or remove something

disentangle verb from a situation

disentanglement noun becoming free of prejudices

to separate and spread something in

disperse verb different directions

disperse verb to spread over a wide area

disperse verb separate and let go in different directions

to cause to move, usually with force or

displace verb pressure

displace verb force to move from one place to another

to show in order to communicate a

display verb particular idea
to put something in a place where people
display verb can come to see it

dispose verb have a good attitude towards

dispose verb to get rid of something

transfer control of something to someone

dispose verb else, for example by selling it

likely to deal with a problem, task or

dispose verb question.

somebody who arranges something or

disposer noun makes things happen

the natural qualities of a person's

disposition noun character
the natural qualities of a person’s
disposition noun character.

the natural qualities of a person’s

disposition noun character

an argument or disagreement between

dispute noun countries, people or groups

dispute verb to be argued about or questioned

dispute verb to question whether something is true

dispute verb argue about or question something

dispute verb to question whether something is true

an argument or disagreement between

dispute noun countries, people or groups
disseminate verb spread widely

the process of making something widely

dissemination noun known

a long piece of writing about a particular

subject that is done to earn an advanced
dissertation noun degree at a university

to scatter or make something become less

dissipate verb strong until it disappears completely

expel something or make it less strong

dissipate verb until it disappears completely

to officially end or break up an

dissolve verb organisation or institution.

to officially end or break up an

dissolve verb organisation or institution

clearly different, separate or of a different

distinct adj type from something

a clear and definite thought, feeling,

distinct adj intention, etc

distinct adjective clear and definite

distinct adjective clearly different or separate

distinction noun a clear difference

excellence that sets someone apart from

distinction noun others
 having a quality or characteristic that
distinctive adj makes something different

having a quality or characteristic that

distinctive adjective makes it different and easy to recognise

distinctive adjective clearly different from other things

distinctiveness noun the quality of being different

distort verb to change the shape of something

to report or explain something so that its

real meaning changes and it becomes
distort verb untrue

distort verb to change the sound of something

to divide or share out things such as food,

distribute verb medicine, books etc. among several people

distribute verb to spread over a certain area

to divide or share out things such as food,

distribute verb medicine, or books among several people

distributed adjective given or sent to different people

the way that something is spread over a

distribution noun certain area
the process of handing out or distributing
distribution noun something

deviate from or turn away from a given

diverge verb direction
 when something that used to be the same
or similar to something else becomes
diverge verb different or develops differently

diverge verb deviate or turn away from a given direction

to separate and go from a common point

diverge verb in different directions

the ability to accommodate alternative

divergence noun possibilities

adjective, characterised by development in different

divergent adverb directions

diverse adj very different from one another

diverse adjective showing a large variety

diverse adjective very different from one another

range of people or things that are very

diversity noun different from one another

situation where there are different forms

diversity noun of the same thing

the process of dividing things into different

division noun groups or parts

the process of dividing things into different

division noun groups or parts

a set of beliefs or principles, especially

ones that form a main part of a philosophy,
doctrine noun religion, etc.
 strictly defined religious acceptance with
firm fundamental beliefs, followed by the
adherents of a particular religion or
doctrine noun denomination

set of beliefs or theory which is accepted

doctrine noun as the truth

printed text and graphics for a specific

document noun purpose, e.g. to provide information

document verb to create a record of something

dogma noun concept, theory or view accepted as truth

adjective, completely certain that your beliefs are

dogmatic adverb right

adjective,
dogmatic adverb according to a dogma

adjective,
dogmatic adverb according to dogma
 adjective, adhering to priciples (dogma) as
dogmatic adverb undeniable truth

the proclamation of something as absolute

dogmatisation noun truth without the necessary evidence

to accept something as the truth without

dogmatise verb evidence

dogmatise verb to define or proclaim doctrines

domain noun area of knowledge or activity

to control or have a strong influence over

dominate verb something or someone

to be the most important person or thing

dominate verb in a situation

word pair with almost the same form and

meaning, e.g. CRITICAL and CRITICISM,
doublet noun PAIR and COUPLE

doubt verb to be sceptical about

doubt noun a degree of distrust

draft verb to compile a first or preliminary version

any version of a document before the final

draft noun version

any version of a document before the final

draft noun version

draft noun first (preliminary) plan or design

dualism noun view about or state of duality

dualistic adjective which possesses the property of duality

condition, property or fact that something

duality noun consists of two members or constituents

the period of time during which something

duration noun continues

the way in which things or people behave,

react and change one another, usually
dynamic noun plural.

dynamic noun something that causes change or action

 full of energy, new and exciting ideas, and
dynamic adj ambitious

active, energetic and continuously moving

dynamic adj or changing

the ways in which things or people behave,

dynamics noun react and affect one another

ecological adjective related to ecology or living organisms

the branch of biology that deals with the

relations of organisms to one another and
ecology noun to their physical surroundings

connected with the trade, industry or

economic adj development of wealth of a country

economic adj providing sufficient profit to continue

economic adjective relating to the state economy

related to trade, industry and development

economic adjective of wealth

the state of a country or region in terms of

the production and consumption of goods
economy noun and services and the supply of money

the system of production, distribution and

economy noun consumption
economy noun the use of the minimum resources

to correct and adapt the content of an

article, book or film to prepare it for
edit verb publication

which has been corrected and adapted in

edited adjective order to prepare it for publication

removal of irrelevant content, misspellings,

clumsy and misleading phrasing and poor
editing noun sentence structure

effect noun result or influence

effect noun result or influence

having the qualities or resources required

effective adj to meet a task

the ability of something to produce the

efficacy noun desired results

to describe in detail and provide a lot of

elaborate verb information

very detailed and complex, often with

many different parts and carefully
elaborate adj developed
 one of the individual parts making up a
element noun larger entity

element noun the basic or typical parts of something.

a small quantity of something, such as risk,

element noun truth or surprise

one of the individual parts making up a

element noun larger entity

elementary adjective relating to the basics of a subject

to give someone or something a more

elevate verb important position

to increase the amount, intensity,

elevate verb pressure, etc. of something.

to increase the amount, intensity or

elevate verb pressure of something

to do or say something, such as asking a

question, to get someone else to respond
elicit verb or give information

eliminate verb end or do away with

ellips noun omission of words, indicated by three dots

elliptical adjective making use of ellipsis

able to express your opinions or ideas well,

in speech or in writing, especially in a way
eloquent adj that affects other people

visibly expressive, showing an emotion or

eloquent adj meaning without using words

to be an expression or symbol of an idea,

embody verb principle or quality.

to be an expression or symbol of an idea,

embody verb principle or quality

to include something, such as a group of

people, ideas or things, in a topic,
embrace verb discussion or category

to accept something, such as an idea or a

belief or new opinion, and to support it
embrace verb eagerly

emerge verb to come out into view or become clear

emerge verb to come into existence or become known

 to permanently leave one's own country to
emigrate verb live or settle in another country

emphasis noun special importance or significance

emphasis noun special importance or significance

emphasise verb to stress or highlight

emphasise verb to stress or highlight

emphasised adjective bearing stress or accent

derived from experiment and observation

empirical adj in the real world, rather than theory

derived from experiment and observation

empirical adjective in the real world, rather than theory

the belief that knowledge is based on the

empiricism noun evidence of experience or experiments

empiricism noun experience as basis for knowledge

 school of thought hat derives knowledge
empiricism noun exclusively or mainly from experience

to give more control over someone's life or

empower verb situation

to enable someone to gain greater control

empower verb over his or her life or situation

with the authority or power to do

empowered adjective something

empowerment noun authority or power given to someone

enable verb to provide the means to perform a task

to form a circle around something or

encircle verb someone

to include a range or a large number of

encompass verb things

encounter verb to come across; find unexpectedly

encounter noun an unexpected convergence

encounter verb to come across or find unexpectedly

enduring adjective lasting over a period of time

the effort and attention which someone

uses to do something or achieve
energy noun something

enforce verb to compel to behave in a certain way

enhance verb to make better or more attractive

to explain something to someone so that

they have a greater knowledge or
enlighten verb understanding of it

having a rational, modern, well-informed

enlightened adjective outlook

intellectual European tendency of the late

18th century in response to the excessive
influence of tradition and religion on
human thought and freedom – a
continuation of liberation that began with
Enlightenment noun the Renaissance

to improve the quality of something,

enrich verb usually by adding something to it

ensure verb to make certain

a thing which is perceived to have its own
entity noun distinct existence
 to name or mention a list of things one by
enumerate verb one

listing everything that is contained in a

enumerative adjective whole

surrounding conditions, circumstances,

situations, people or events which affect
environment noun something

surrounding conditions, circumstances,

situations, people or events which affect
environment noun the life of someone or something

an event, incident or short period of time

during which something specific, important
episode noun or unusual happens

a period in history – a number of years that

epoch noun can be regarded as a unit

to consider or describe two or more things

equate verb as the same, similar or closely connected

a controlled balance between opposing

forces, influences, aspects of a situation,
equilibrium noun etc.

a controlled balance between opposing

equilibrium noun forces, influences or aspects of a situation
 to provide somebody with the necessary
equip verb items to perform a certain function

to provide somebody with the necessary

equip verb items or skills to perform a certain function

the necessary items or skills to perform a

equipment noun certain function

having the items or skills to perform a

equipped adjective certain function

something or someone that has the same

value, function, meaning, etc. as
equivalent adj something or someone else.

with the same value, function or meaning

equivalent adjective as something or someone else

era noun time period, usually in history

erode verb become ground down or deteriorate

erode verb break down or destroy

err verb to make a mistake

 to decide to demonstrate too much of a
err verb quality, usually a good one

adjective, not following a fixed pattern and

erratic adverb characterised by many changes

error noun something that was done wrong

essay noun a short text on a particular subject

essence noun intrinsic nature, mostly something abstract

essence noun inherent nature of a person or thing

essential adjective extremely important or necessary

to create or begin something such as an

organisation, fund or activity, which is
establish verb expected to exist or last for a long time

to find out the facts that prove something

establish verb to be true.

to create or begin something which is

establish verb expected to exist or last for a long time

establish verb to find out the facts about something

establish verb to make something to last

 the creation of something which is
establishment noun expected to exist or last for a long time

the creation of something which is

establishment noun expected to exist or last for a long time

extensive landed property retained by the

estate noun owner
all the property and money that someone
estate noun owns when he or she dies

to judge the approximate value or number

estimate verb or quantity of something.

to judge the approximate value, number or

estimate verb quantity of something

estimate noun rough calculation

to judge the approximate value, number or

estimate verb quantity of something

roughly calculated without sufficient facts

estimated adjective or relevant information

roughly calculated without sufficient facts

estimated adjective or relevant information
estimation noun a rough calculation

moral belief that influences the way you

ethic noun act

connected with the beliefs about what is

ethical adj right and wrong

ethical adjective relating to ethical principles

related to beliefs about what is right and

ethical adjective wrong

principles of right and wrong for an

ethics noun individual or group

ethics noun the science of norms, laws and values

distinctive of the ways of living of a group

ethnic adj of people

relating to a particular group of people and

ethnic adjective their traditions and customs

related to the original meaning and origin

etymological adjective of words

etymology noun the origin and basic meaning of words

 indication or definition of something
offensive or unpleasant by a name or
euphemism noun expression that sounds less unpleasant

euphemistic adjective making use of an euphemism

to judge the value of a concept, entity,

process, etc. on the basis of facts and/or
evaluate verb criteria

to judge the value of something on the

evaluate verb basis of criteria and facts

relating to something of which the value

has been judged on the basis of facts or
evaluated adjective other criteria

the process of determining quality, ability

evaluation noun or significance

process of determining quality, ability or

evaluation noun significance

process of determining quality, ability or

evaluation noun significance

based on a process of determining quality,

evaluative adjective ability or significance

expected to happen sometime in the

eventual adj future

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses

evident adj or judgement

evident adjective easy to notice

 to produce a memory or an image or idea
evoke verb in someone’s mind

evolve verb to develop gradually

examine verb to study carefully

examine verb to study an idea or object carefully

something concrete (an object or a

situation) that illustrates a concept or
example noun statement

exceed verb to be better than some standard

to be more or greater in number than

exceed verb something else

excel verb to be very good at doing something

excel verb do something very well

an abstract from a text, film, piece of

excerpt noun music, etc.

excess noun more than is necessary

exclude verb to prevent from entering; to shut out

to reject something as a possibility because

you have decided or proved that it is
exclude verb wrong or not important

to not allow someone to participate in

exclude verb something

exclude verb to not include something

to carry out a plan or do something you

execute verb have agreed to do

critical interpretation of a text, especially

exegesis noun of the Bible

someone who elucidates a text, especially

exegete noun the Bible

relating to exegesis or the interpretation of

exegetic adjective a text, especially the Bible

to use power, influence, authority or

exert verb pressure to make something happen

exert verb make a strong effort physically or mentally

exhibit verb to show, make visible or display

exhibit verb to show or display
exist verb to live

exist verb to be there

exist verb to be present in the universe

existence noun presence in the world

a philosophical theory or approach which

emphasises the existence of the individual
person as a free and responsible agent
determining his or her own development
existentialism noun through acts of the will

existentialist adjective relating to existentialism

existing adjective happening or being used now

expand verb to make or become bigger or wider

a person with special knowledge and

expert noun experience

expert adj very skilled or good

to tell in a way that makes it easy to

explain verb understand

explain verb to give reasons for something

 to make something clear by describing it in
explain verb detail

description or statement that makes

explanation noun something clear

explanatory adjective serving to explain something

explicate verb to make clear, explicit and comprehensible

highlight the meaning of something by

explicitly stating it so that everyone
explicate verb understands what is meant

explication noun elucidating explanation

precisely and clearly expressed with no

explicit adj attempts to hide anything

precisely and clearly expressed with no

explicit adjective attempts to hide anything

explicit adjective stated or shown clearly and in detail

exploit verb to use or manipulate to one’s advantage

to treat someone unfairly, e.g. to use their

work or ideas without giving them credit
in order to get money or advantage for
exploit verb yourself
 to treat someone unfairly, e.g. to use their
work or ideas without giving them credit in
order to get money or advantage for
exploit verb yourself

a person who supports or explains an idea,

plan, theory, belief, etc. and tries to
exponent noun persuade others that it is useful or good

a person who supports or explains an idea,

plan, theory or belief and tries to persuade
exponent noun others that it is useful or good

export verb to sell or transfer abroad

to introduce something such as an activity

export verb or idea to another country

the sale of products or materials to

export noun another country

export noun something that is sold to another country

send something to another country or sell

export verb something abroad

expose verb to show or make visible.

expose verb to show or make visible

extensive adj including a lot of information and details

extensive adjective large in amount, degree or size

external adj on the outside

to remove, usually with some force or

extract verb effort

to obtain something from something else,

using a chemical or industrial process or
extract verb machine

a small part of a book, piece of music, etc.

extract noun which is printed or published on its own

to take a short piece of writing or

extract verb information from a book etc.

substance that has been obtained from

another substance by means of a particular
extract noun process

facilitate verb to make easier; allow it to happen

to make something easier or allow it to

facilitate verb happen

to make something easier in order to reach

facilitate verb a specific goal
facilitation adjective process of facilitation

facilitation noun making a process easier

facilitator noun someone who makes a process easier

fact noun something that can be proven

information used as evidence in an

fact noun argument, publication or report

a small group within a larger group, which

has opposing ideas to the main part of the
faction noun group

anything that contributes causally to a

factor noun result

to include something in your calculations

on how much something will cost, or how
factor verb long it will take, etc

fact or circumstance contributing to a

factor noun result

to include in your calculations on how

much something will cost, how long it will
factor in verb take, etc.

factual adj based on or containing facts

 a false or mistaken idea or belief, based on
incorrect information or faulty reasoning,
fallacy noun which many people believe to be true

a weakness in someone’s argument caused

by faulty logic or a mistake in their
fallacy noun reasoning

possible, practical, that can be done and is

feasible adj likely to work

feasible adjective that can be done and is likely to work

a special article on a particular subject in a

feature noun magazine, newspaper, etc
an important, interesting or typical aspect
feature noun of something

to have an important part in or include a

feature verb specific person

a special article on a particular subject in a

feature noun magazine, newspaper, etc.

to have an important part in or to be

feature verb included

feigned adjective what is pretended

 if an environment or situation is fertile,
then new ideas, results, political groups,
etc. are encouraged and can easily develop
fertile adj and succeed

fertile adj full of new, interesting and unusual ideas

field noun sphere of study

use in a way that differs from the usual,

figurative adjective normal or basic meaning

figure verb to play a role in a process or situation

figure noun a person's bodily shape

word usage that aims to achieve an effect,

e.g. irony, metaphor, hyperbole,
figure of speech noun euphemism or satire

final adjective the last

finalisation noun completion or final draft of something

finalise verb produce a final version

finality noun the fact of being finished

to provide the money, often a large

amount, that is needed to pay for
finance verb something

the money that a person or organisation

has available and the way in which they
finance verb manage this money

the commercial activity of providing funds

finance noun and capital

the money that a person or organisation

has available and the way in which they
finance noun manage this money
the commercial activity of providing funds
finance noun and capital

finite adj with a definite limit or fixed size

fit verb meet expectations or meet a goal

flexible adj able to adjust to different conditions

move in a rising and falling pattern like a

fluctuate verb wave
fluctuate verb move in a rising and falling pattern

fluctuate verb keep rising and falling

fluctuating adjective going up and down

fluctuation noun change in a level, price or amount

able to speak or write a (foreign) language

fluent adj correctly and easily without hesitation

able to speak or write a language correctly

fluent adjective and easily without hesitation

fluid adj unstable, not fixed and likely to change

fluid adjective not fixed and likely to change

to concentrate on or pay special attention

to a particular person or thing instead of
focus verb other people or things

the subject or situation that is the centre

focus noun of interest or attention

the special attention you give to a

focus noun particular subject or situation

focus noun the clear purpose of something

 special attention to a particular subject or
focus noun situation

focus verb to pay particular attention to something

focus verb to concentrate on something

a number of respondents whose opinions

about a product are obtained in the
context of marketing through qualitative
research (e.g., conversations and
focus group noun questionnaires)

directing attention, interest or activity

focused adjective towards something specific

follow from verb to arise from something

follow upon verb to come directly after something in time

follow upon verb appear in logical order

to give something up or to decide not to

forgo verb have something

the organisation, plan or design of

format noun something

the layout and appearance of a document

format noun or display

to arrange a text and visual elements in a

format verb specific way on a page or screen
 a particular method of achieving
formula noun something

to invent and plan all the details of a

formulate verb proposal or project

to use particular words to clearly express

formulate verb your opinions, feelings or ideas.

to use particular words to clearly express

formulate verb your opinions, feelings or ideas

formulate verb to express something in a logical way

the way in which something is formulated

formulation noun or expressed

willing to give information about

forthcoming adj something

forthcoming adj going to happen or to be published

forthcoming adjective going to happen or appear

to base something such as a main idea or

found verb belief on something else

found verb to base something on something else

the basics or principles on which future

foundation noun work or actions are built
 something basic or important on which
foundation noun something else is based

a set of ideas, beliefs or principles forming

framework noun the basis for understanding something

supporting structure underlying a theory,

framework noun concept or subject

framework noun overarching structure

the extreme limit of what is known about

frontier noun something in a particular field

increase the amount or intensity of

fuel verb something

to achieve a required or necessary official

fulfil verb standard of something

to do the work or to fulfil the purpose that

you or a particular thing is supposed to do
function verb or fulfil

function noun what something is used for

a thing of which the amount or nature is

produced by, depends on or varies
function noun according to another thing
function noun the purpose that something has

function verb to work in ’n specific way

function as verb to be something or work as something

functional adjective being of practical use

one or all of the operations that something

functionality noun is able to perform

absolutely necessary and important as a

part of something, to the point that the
second thing could not exist or succeed
fundamental adj without it

fundamental adj forming the necessary basis of something

absolutely necessary and important as a

part of something, to the point that the
second thing cannot exist or succeed
fundamental adjective without it

fundamental adjective in a rudimentary way

to join two or more things, physically or

fuse verb chemically, so that they become one thing
 to join together different ideas, qualities or
things, especially so that you can form a
fuse verb pleasing combination or whole.

to join two or more so that they become

fuse verb one thing

to join together different ideas, qualities or

things, especially so that you can form a
fuse verb pleasing combination or whole

check measuring instruments or weights

and then place an official stamp or mark on
gauge verb it

the properties distinguishing male and

gender noun female roles

to create or bring into existence, such as

generate verb ideas, profits and power.

generate verb to create or bring into existence

generic adjective not specific

 subdivision of any art, with a distinctive
own approach, design and (or) subject –
used mainly within the three major
categories of literary art, namely prose,
genre noun poetry and drama

the beginning or early stage of something,

like an idea, from which that thing can
develop into a bigger or more important
germ noun thing
an object with a spherical shape; the
globe noun universe
globe noun a more or less round object

provide explanatory notes for subject-

gloss verb specific words or phrases

alphabetical list of words with

glossary noun explanations, as in some textbooks

that which a plan is intended to achieve,

goal noun which will usually require effort and time

that which a plan is intended to achieve,

goal noun which will usually require effort and time

to award a mark or a position on a scale to

grade verb indicate intensity, amount or quality

the level or quality of a particular product

grade noun or material

to put things or people into categories

grade verb according to their qualities or abilities
grade noun a particular quality, level, value, etc.

to award a mark or a position on a scale to

grade verb indicate intensity, amount or quality

grade verb sort by type and quality

someone who is going to receive or

graduand noun received an academic degree

graduate verb to receive a degree

someone who received an academic

graduate noun degree

graduated adjective somebody who has obtained a degree

amount of money given to complete a

grant noun project

to allow someone to have something, such

grant verb as permission to do something

to accept or admit that someone’s opinion,

belief or idea is true, even if it is
unpleasant or will not necessarily make a
grant verb difference to your own beliefs or ideas
 to allow someone to have something, such
as giving someone permission to do
grant verb something

the extreme seriousness or importance of

gravity noun an event or situation

the extremely serious way in which

gravity noun someone speaks or behaves

to give a commitment that something will

guarantee verb be done or will happen

to make sure that something will behave,

guarantee verb happen or work in a particular way

a formal promise, usually in writing, that

something will happen or will be done, or
that something is of a particular standard
guarantee noun or quality

guidance noun help or advice which is given to somebody

guidance noun help or advice given to somebody

guideline noun piece of advice which is given to somebody

used to introduce the second of two

hand noun contrasting points
have verb to posess

to criticise people, events or practices

heckle verb through mockery

hegemonic adjective dominant in a social or political context

supremacy or domination of one country,

geographical area, political system, culture
hegemony noun and language over another

adjective,
hermeneutic adverb relating to hermeneutics

study of the theory and practice of

hermeneutics noun interpretation

adjective, enabling a person to learn for him- of

heuristic adverb herself

broad approach to problem situations by

finding solutions without knowing in
advance how this is going to happen, often
through a mixture of systematic
questioning, logical reasoning, or a guess
based on intuition, experience and even
heuristics noun common sense
 adjective,
hierarchical adverb arranged in order of rank

a series of groups at different levels of

hierarchy noun importance within a system

a system which organises ideas and beliefs

hierarchy noun into a type of system or structure

a series of groups at different levels of

hierarchy noun importance within a system.

a system in which things or persons are

ranked in accordance with relative status
hierarchy noun or authority

adjective,
high-handed adverb using power without considering others

highlight verb to make more visible or prominent

hit verb to strike

theory or philosophy of life assuming that

the whole is more than the sum of the
holism noun parts

characterised by the belief that the parts

of something are intimately
adjective, interconnected and explicable only by
holistic adverb reference to the whole

the condition of being the same or of the

homogeneity noun same kind
 consisting of people or parts that are the
homogeneous adj same or similar

homogeneous adjective of the same kind

word with the same sound and form as

homonym noun another word, but which differs in meaning

homonymous adjective relating to a homonym or homonyms

word that sounds the same as another
homophone noun word but is spelled differently

homophonic adjective relating to a homphone

hostile adj strongly opposing or rejecting something

figure of speech using exaggeration for
hyperbole noun effect

adjective,
hyperbolic adverb relating to a hyperbole

an idea based on known facts which is

suggested as a possible explanation for or
proof of a condition or situation, but which
hypothesis noun has not yet been demonstrated to be true.

an idea based on known facts which is

suggested as a possible explanation for or
proof of a condition or situation, but which
hypothesis noun has not yet been demonstrated to be true
 a supposition which is taken for the truth
hypothesis noun and on whch an argument is built

to make a statement to explain or predict

hypothesise verb certain facts or observations

hypothesise verb to suggest a possibility

to make a premise to explain or predict

hypothesise verb certain facts or observations

to make a statement in order to explain or

predict certain facts or observations until
enough facts are available to make a final
hypothesise verb statement
adjective,
hypothetical adverb relating to a hypothesis

idea noun concept of something

identical adj being the exact same

identical adjective exactly the same

the process of recognising something and

identification noun saying what it is
 process of recognising something or
identification noun someone

identified adjective recognised and correctly named

identify verb to recognise and name

identify verb recognise and say what it is

identify verb to find and recogise

adjective,
ideological adverb relating to an ideology

a system of related ideas, usually of a

ideology noun political or economic system

a set of idealised ideas that form the basis

of a political, economic or religious system
and often lead to assumptions and
ideology noun unyielding actions

specific characteristics, temperament, way

of thinking or state of mind peculiar to an
idiosyncrasy noun individual
 adjective, (peculiar) characteristic of someone or
idiosyncratic adverb something

ignorance noun lack of knowledge or education

illuminate verb to make clear or to explain carefully

to explain a general type, class or group by

illustrate verb giving specific examples

illustrate verb explain by giving specific examples

illustrate verb to provide with pictures

relating to illustrations, explanations and

illustrated adjective elucidations

picture or example that makes it easier to

illustration noun understand something

the general impression that a person, an

organisation or a product gives to the
image noun public

a mental representation of someone or

image noun something
 a mental representation of someone or
image noun something

imaginary adjective existing in the imagination

imaginative adjective full of plans and ideas

to make a mental representation of

imagine verb someone or something

to come into a new country and change

immigrate verb residency

to come from another country to settle in

immigrate verb this country

the effect or influence that something has

impact noun on something else

impact verb to have an effect upon

the effect or influence that something has

impact noun on something else

impact verb to have an effect upon

to apply in a way which is consistent with

implement verb the purpose or design; to put in practice

implement verb to put in practice

implementable adjective which can be put to practice

the application of something in a way that

implementation noun is in line with its purpose or design

to suggest that something is the cause of

something bad; to suggest that somebody
is involved in something bad, such as a
implicate verb crime

to show or suggest that somebody is

implicate verb involved in something bad, such as a crime

meaning or thought not directly expressed

implication noun in words

said or written in a way which is not

implicit adj directly expressed

suggested or understood without being

implicit adjective said directly

adjective,
implicit adverb said indirectly

imply verb to express or state indirectly

to suggest something as a logical result of

imply verb something else

to suggest something as a logical result of

imply verb something else
 to suggest something without saying it
imply verb directly

an item or items brought into a country

import noun from another country

the process of bringing goods into a

import noun country from another country

to bring goods, services or ideas into a

import verb country from another country

importance noun the quality of being important

impose verb to force to behave in a certain way

to make someone understand the

impress verb importance of something

emphasise something to make someone

impress verb understand its importance

impressionable adjective easily influenced

impulse noun instinctive drive or urge.

impulse noun instinctive drive or urge

something that encourages a person to do

incentive noun something
 something that encourages a person to do
incentive noun something

incessant adjective not stopping

the number of times something – usually

incidence noun unpleasant – happens

a natural tendency or disposition towards

inclination noun something

to have a physical or mental tendency

inclined verb towards something

income noun financial gain over a given period of time

impossibility to compare two theories,

opinions or views of life because there is
no common framework or frame of
reference that can serve as a basis for the
incommensurability noun comparison

incomparable adjective impossible to compare

to put together with or merge with

incorporate verb something that already exists

incorporate verb to include something as part of a whole

the process of incorporating something

incorporation noun into something else

increase noun growth in size or quantity

increase verb to grow in size or quantity

increasing adjective growing in size or quantity

to have to pay or repay costs as a result of

incur verb your own action

to make a list of names or topics in

index verb alphabetical order

a list of names or topics in alphabetical

index noun order

alphabetical list of names or topics at the

index noun back of a book

to include keywords, names and topics in

index verb an alphabetical list at the back of a book

indexed adjective provided with an index

to focus attention on a place, direction,

indicate verb person or thing
to state, name or suggest something
indicate verb indirectly

indicate verb to mention something

indicated adjective what has been mentioned

indication noun that which has been mentioned

which originated in a specific place or

indigenous adj naturally occurs there

regarded separately rather than as part of

individual adj a group

unique characteristic of someone or

individual adj something

individual noun a single person

individual noun a single person

individual noun integrated person

individual noun a partcular person

adjective, of, which relates to, or is peculiar to a

individual adverb particular individual

individualisme noun phenomenon of independence

adjective,
individualistic adverb marked by individuality
 whole of characteristics and qualities that
individuality noun are typical of a particular individual

to systematically integrate your thinking

processes, senses, intuition and emotions,
individuate verb essentially an unconscious process

induce verb cause to act or happen

process of reasoning from the particular

induction example to the general principle

adjective,
inductive adverb arguing from the specific to the general

inevitable adj which cannot be avoided or prevented

infer verb to conclude by reasoning

lower in value, quality, position or

inferior adj importance

to exaggerate the importance of

something or make something appear
inflate verb more impressive than it really is

influence verb to have an effect upon

 the effect or influence that something has
influence noun on something else

the effect that something has on

influence noun something else

influential adjective posessing influence or carrying weight

to provide facts that have not been known

inform verb to a person before

to have an important influence on

inform verb something

to provide facts that have not been known

inform verb to a person before

facts that have not been known to a

information noun person before

informed adjective based on possession of information

the basic components of a system or

infrastructure noun organisation

existing as an essential constituent or

inherent adj characteristic

existing as an essential constituent or

inherent adjective characteristic

to prevent something from happening or

inhibit verb cause it to happen more slowly
initial adj occurring at the beginning

initial adjective occurring at the beginning

to set in motion, start an event or prepare

initiate verb the way for

to set in motion, start an event or prepare

initiate verb the way for something

initiate verb to start

initiate verb to start or set in motion

initiated adjective having begun a process

initiation noun process to start something

process of preparing the way or starting an

initiation noun event

initiative noun independent action

innate adj forming a natural part of something

innovate verb to bring something new to an environment

innovate verb introduce a new idea or new ideas

innovation noun a newly introduced idea

innovation noun a newly introduced idea

innovative adjective original or advanced

insert verb to put into or introduce into something

insight noun clear or deep perception of a situation

insight noun clear or deep perception of a situation

the capacity to gain understanding of
insight noun somebody or something
adjective, demonstrating deep perception of a
insightful adverb situation

inspect verb to look over or look into carefully

instance noun a particular example or case

a natural tendency or ability to behave or

instinct noun react in a certain way
 to start a new process, or put in place a
institute verb new policy or system

a society or organisation for a special

institute noun purpose

instruct verb to impart skills or knowledge

instruct verb to inform formally

detailed information about how to do

instruction noun something

instruction noun the act of teaching someone something

existing as an essential part or

integral adj characteristic

a complete or independent part of

integral adjective something

existing as an essential part or

integral adjective characteristic of something

to make into a whole or make part of a

integrate verb whole

integrate verb make into a whole

integrated adjective coordinated or linked

process by which parts are put together

integration noun into a whole

the quality of being honest and possessing

integrity noun strong moral principles

integrity noun the state of being whole and not divided

the power and capacity of the mind to

intellect noun reason and think logically
entirety of man’s mental and spiritual
intellect noun abilities

intellectual adjective relating to a highly developed intellect

intellectualise verb to make something intellectual

view that overestimates the function of

the intellect by elevating it above all other
human capacities as the only criterion for
intellectualism noun understanding reality
 adjective,
intellectualistic adverb relating to intellectualism

having a good ability to think and

intelligent adj understand

intelligible adjective which can be understood

intend verb to have a plan or purpose in mind.

intended adjective meant or planned

intense adj extremely sharp or focused

intention noun what you plan to do; your aim

interact verb to do something together or with others

interact verb to act in close relation with each other

interaction noun communication through reciprocal action

interactive adjective allowing a two-way flow

interlude noun a period of time between two events

 around the middle of a scale that
intermediate adj represents time, places or things

internal adj located on the inside or inward

interpret verb to make sense of or assign a meaning to

to translate spoken language immediately

interpret verb into a different language

interpret verb to make clear the meaning (of a text)

to comprehend the information in spoken

interpret verb or written language

understanding of events, people and

written texts, as influenced by background,
interpretation noun perspective and experience

the comprehension of information in

interpretation noun spoken or written language

interpreted adjective relating to interpretation

to connect or be connected to something

interrelate verb so that there is a mutual influence
interrelate verb be related to each other

an interlude, a period of time between two

interval noun events, a pause in activity

interval noun a period of time between two events

 to get involved in order to change or stop
intervene verb an action

a formal meeting between two people to

interview noun discuss important matters

interview verb to conduct an interview with someone.

conversation between two people during

which one obtains information from the
interview noun other

interview verb to conduct an interview with someone

intrinsic adj belonging to the real nature of something

introduced adjective something that has been made known

understanding a situation without

intuition noun conscious thought

direct understanding of a matter without

intuition noun the intervention of mind or senses

adjective,
intuitive adverb reacting to intuition

inverse adj having an opposite or contrary effect

to discover and examine something in

investigate verb order to find out the truth about it

investigative adjective relating to an investigation

 to use a rule or law as a reason for doing
invoke verb something

to use or provide as a reason to support

invoke verb something that you are saying or doing

to include or contain someone or

something as a necessary part or
involve verb consequence of a situation.

to include (something or someone) as a

involve verb necessary part

ironic adjective characterised by irony

ironise verb mock by using irony

use of words or of a figure of speech saying

the opposite of what is meant, or contrast
between what is expected and what really
irony noun happens

isolate verb to place or set apart

issuable adjective authorised for issue

an important topic that people discuss or

issue noun think about

issue noun one of a series of magazines

issue noun a topic for discussion or debate

issue verb to give or distribute something

issue noun a book or journal that is published

issued adjective placed into the public domain

italicise verb type or print in italics

italics noun italic letters

a periodical or magazine which deals with

journal noun a specific subject or profession

a written daily record of news, events,

journal noun activities, etc.

a written daily record of news, events,

journal noun activities

a periodical or magazine which deals with

journal noun a specific subject or profession
 relating to the legal system, a court of law,
judges, etc. or to their decisions or
judicial adj judgments

relating to the legal system, a court of law

or judges, or to their decisions or
judicial adjective judgments

justification noun explanation for a statement

justify verb show to be right by providing proof

to mitigate events and your own or others’

behaviour by falsely justifying it with your
justify verb reason

juxtapose verb to contrast things with each other

place two issues side by side to highlight

juxtapose verb similarities or differences

two concepts or things being placed next

to one another with the purpose of
juxtaposition noun contrast

two things being placed next to one

juxtaposition noun another with a contrasting effect

to be aware of something or understand

know verb something
know verb to be aware of something

an ability which includes both knowledge

know-how noun and skill

knowledge noun familiarity with facts or situations

knowledgeable adjective well-informed or skilled

knowledgeable adjective a person who is well-informed or skilled

known adjective that people know or is familiar

a brief description given for purposes of

label noun identification

to give a name to or brief description of

label verb someone or something

word used by people to indicate some

label noun characteristic of a person

label verb describe someone by means of a label

lasting adjective which lasts or endures a long time

 to start something such as an official
launch verb military or important public activity

single thickness of some substance that lies

layer noun over a surface or between surfaces

one of the levels in an organisation, set of

layer noun ideas, system, etc.

one of the levels in an organisation, set of

layer noun ideas or system

lead verb to give direction

lead to verb to cause or result in

leadership noun the action of leading or managing people

leading adjective showing leadership

to give a long talk to a group of people

about a particular subject, especially in
lecture verb order to teach people at a university

a long talk which gives information about a

particular subject to an audience, usually
lecture noun at university

to give a long talk to a group of people

about a particular subject, especially in
lecture verb order to teach students at a university

a long talk which gives information about a

particular subject to an audience, usually
lecture noun at university or at a conference
 established by or founded upon law or
legal adj official rules

legal adj connected with the law

legislation noun a law or set of laws passed by parliament

something that is correct and acceptable

legitimate adj according to the law

that is correct and acceptable according to

legitimate adjective the law.

title word or keyword in a work of

lemma noun reference or dictionary

letter noun exactly as it was said or written

level noun standard or position on a scale

to bring down to the same level or

level down verb standard as something else

action of bringing something to the same

level or standard as something else in
levelling noun order to attain uniformity

the greatest or smallest amount that is

limit noun allowed
 to set a restriction to the size or amount
limit verb above or below something may not extend

a limit on what something can do or how

limitation noun good they can be

limited adjective restricted in size, amount or time

condition of being restricted in size,

limitedness adjective quantity or time

hierarchical or chronological exposition

line noun from one point to the next

adjective, arranged along a straight line or

linear adverb progressing in logical steps

linguistic adjective relating to language or linguistics

study of the language system or

linguistics noun subdivisions thereof

link verb to literally connect

the relationship between things or

situations, especially where there is a
link noun logical connection

list verb make a list of things in a particular order

literal adj being the basic or usual meaning of a word

literal adjective with the basic or usual meaning

literate adj able to read and write

literate adjective able to read and write

figure of speech that emphasises

something by reduction, e.g.: I hope you
litotes noun like the old gift.

to determine the place of by searching or

locate verb examining

locate verb to position in a particular place

determine the place of someone or

locate verb something by searching or examining

located adjective be in a specific place

logic noun sensible reasons for doing something

the study or science of carefully thinking

about or explaining the reasons for
logic noun something, using formal methods

science of the general laws underlying

logic noun correct, systematic thinking

logic noun reasoning that connects cause and effect

logical adjective following the rules of logic

adjective, according to the rules of logic and

logical adverb argument

magnitude noun relative importance, size or extent

to keep in a certain state, position or

maintain verb activity

maintain verb to state strongly that something is true

maintain verb let something continue or proceed

major adj large number or size or amount

to specialise in a specific subject at a

major noun college, technikon or university
important subject that a student takes at a
major noun university or college

major adjective important

manifest verb to show or demonstrate clearly

manifest adjective which can be seen clearly

manifest verb to be clearly visible

symptom of something abstract or

manifestation noun theoretical
to influence or control in a shrewd or
manipulate verb devious manner
manipulate verb to control or handle something skilfully.

manipulate verb to control or handle something skilfully

manual adj mainly using the hands or physical strength

a book or leaflet that tells you how to do

manual noun something

a book or leaflet that tells you how to do

manual noun something

the boundary line or area immediately

margin noun inside the boundary

a group that is not included in the main

margin noun group

margin noun limit of accuracy or reliability

margin noun border of a page

margin noun the edge or the border of something

margin for error noun bound or limit

marginalise verb move to a lower or outer boundary

relating to people or things that are

marginalised adjective treated as if they are not important

award points or a symbol for value or

mark verb correctness

a number or symbol that indicates

mark noun performance

marked adjective that has been checked and corrected

the checking or correction of tests or

marking noun assignments

match verb to be in agreement with

information or ideas used in books, films,

material noun etc

connected with physical objects or

material adj conditions in the physical world

information or ideas used in books, films,

material noun etc.

a substance, situation or environment in

which something originates, develops or is
matrix noun contained

An arrangement of data in columns and

matrix noun rows

a situation or subject that is being dealt

matter noun with
 relatively advanced physically, mentally
mature adj and emotionally.

relatively advanced physically, mentally

mature adjective and (or) emotionally

to advance physically, mentally or

mature verb emotionally

the largest amount possible, allowed or

maximum adjective required

the largest amount possible, allowed or

maximum noun required

the largest amount possible, allowed or

maximum adjective required

mean verb to have the intention

mean verb amount or come down to

mean verb be of particular importance

mean verb to express an idea

what is meant or intended by a word, text

meaning noun or action
 what is meant by a certain word, text,
meaning noun concept, etc.

meaning noun what is meant by a word or action

meaningful adjective having a purpose or meaning

meaningfulness noun the purpose or meaning of something

mechanism noun device consisting of a piece of machinery

mechanism noun device consisting of a piece of machinery

the numerical value separating the upper

half from the lower half of a sample or
median noun population

to act between parties to reconcile

mediate verb differences

to make it possible for something to

mediate verb happen

to act between parties to reconcile

mediate verb differences
 to bring about an agreement or
mediate verb reconciliation between conflicting parties

intervening in a dispute and trying to bring

mediating adjective about reconciliation

the process of intervention in a dispute to

mediation noun bring about reconciliation

a person who intervenes in a dispute to

mediator noun bring about reconciliation

medium noun a way of communicating information

meet verb to be acceptable or satisfactory

involving the mind or an intellectual

mental adj process

terminology used to talk about language,

e.g. text, context, genre, style, figurative,
metalanguage noun literal, etc.

concise comparison, such as when the

author of Song of Songs says: My beloved
metaphor noun is a bag of myrrh

metaphorical adjective using a metaphor or metaphors

a way of doing something, especially a

method noun systematic way

method noun way to achieve a specific goal

 adjective,
methodical adverb according to a method

a set of methods and principles to perform

methodology noun a particular activity

a set of methods and principles to perform

methodology noun a particular activity

to move from one country or region to

migrate verb another and settle there

to move from one country or region to

migrate verb another and settle there

a person’s intellect, ability to think and

mind noun reason

minimal adj the least possible; very small in size

minimal adjective the least possible or very small in size

minimum noun the smallest possible quantity

minimum adjective the least possible

minimum noun the smallest possible quantity or amount

minor adj small, limited or small in quantity or size

mistake noun to make an error

 an error of judgement, oversight or
mistake noun miscalculation

mode noun how something is done or how it happens

modern adjective relating to the present

school of thought characterised by the

pursuit of what is considered modern –
liberal thinking, modern ideas, practices
modernism noun and styles

modernist adjective associated with modernism

modernity noun state of being modern

the act of processing or changing

something to improve it or make it more
modification noun suitable
 the act or process of changing something
to make it better or more suitable for
modification noun something

the act or process of changing something

to make it better or more suitable for
modification noun something

having been processed or changed to

modified adjective improve it or make it better

modify verb to cause to change; make different; adapt

to make different, adapt or cause to

modify verb change

the ability to keep developing or moving

momentum noun forward at the same pace

monitor verb check or keep an eye on

morphological adjective regarding the form

(study and knowledge of) the parts that

morphology noun make up words and how words are formed
concept that forms part of the theme of a
motif noun text
 to be the reason why something behaves
in a certain way; to influence somebody to
motivate verb do something

motivate verb encourage someone to do something

motivate verb to supply reasons for a statement

motivate verb supply reasons for a statement

motivate (South to produce a justification or reason for

African usage only) verb something

motivated adjective supported by adequate reasons

motivated adjective well-argued and well-justified

a reason for doing a particular activity or

motivation noun behaving in a certain way

reason why something is done or reason

motivation noun for a particular action

motivation noun reason for acting in a certain way

motivation (South
African usage only) noun reason or justification for doing something

the reason for doing something, usually

motive noun something negative
 common to or shared by two or more
mutual adj parties

an ancient story or tale usually explaining

myth noun the origin of natural phenomena

myth noun something fictional, untrue or unproven.

myth noun something fictional, untrue or unproven

name verb to appoint in a position or office

negate verb to stop something from having an effect

to state that something does not exist or is

negate verb not true

new word or phrase, or a recognised word

neologism noun used in a new meaning

neologistic adjective regarding a new word

a group of people or institutions which

work together and are connected to one
network noun another

neutral adj not taking sides in a disagreement

using words which do not express any

neutral adj strong opinion
neutral adjective which do not express any strong opinion

nevertheless adverb despite this fact

next adjective following immediately after something else

next adjective following in time or order

a job or activity that is perfectly suited to

niche noun someone

theory that rejects all existing systems and

nihilism noun faith in these systems

rejecting all principles of religion and

nihilistic adjective morality

to suggest formally that somebody should

nominate verb be chosen for an important role, prize, etc.

nominated adjective who has been named

nonetheless adverb despite this fact

 a standard or model or pattern regarded as
typical of or accepted within a specific
norm noun group

a standard, model or pattern that is

accepted within a specific group, or is
norm noun considered typical of a particular group

norm noun standard, benchmark or guideline

the usual or average standard, level or

normal adj type

normal adjective the usual or average standard, level or type

normative adjective characterized by norms

notable adjective that can be noted or taken note of

note verb notice and (or) give an opinion

noteworthy noun deserving of receiving attention

noteworthy noun deserving of receiving attention

notice verb to observe or to pay attention to

 an idea, belief or opinion about something,
notion noun which is often not very clear or precise

notwithstanding prep without being affected by

notwithstanding adverb without being affected by

new, interesting, strange and unlike

anything that has been seen, done or
novel adj created before.

novel noun a lengthy narrative in prose

new or unlike anything that has been seen,

novel adjective done or created before

nuance noun subtle difference in meaning or shade

to reproduce the effect of shade in

nuance verb painting

nuance verb to choose words subtly

nuanced adjective characterised by subtle shades of meaning

where the effect of shade has been

nuanced adjective reproduced in a painting
 related to an atomic nucleus, or nuclear or
nuclear adjective atomic power

using, producing or resulting from energy

nuclear adj derived from splitting an atom

process of making something impersonal

objectification noun or objective

objectify verb to make objective or impersonal

objective noun the goal intended to be attained

not influenced by personal feelings or

objective adj opinions

objective adj existing outside the mind

objective noun the goal being pursued

adjective, ignoring subjective opinion in favour of

objective adverb facts

school of thought that emphasises

objective thinking as a prerequisite for
objectivism noun impartial research
 to force or require someone to do
oblige verb something, usually by law or agreement

listening or looking with attention,

observant adjective observing fine detail

observantness noun careful attention

listening or looking with attention, heeding

observation noun fine detail

observation noun looking with attention

observe verb to see or notice

observe verb to make a remark

observe verb to obey rules, laws, etc.

observe verb to become aware of, to notice or to see

observe verb to become aware of, to notice or see

observed adjective that has been noticed or seen

obsolete adj no longer needed or in use

obtain verb to get or come into possession of

obtain verb to get or come into possession of

obtained adjective got or acquired

obvious adj easily perceived with the senses or mind

occupy verb to fill or use a space

occupy verb to enter and take control of a place

occupy verb to have an official position.

occupy verb to have an official position

occupy verb to fill or use a space or surface

occur verb to be found to exist

occur verb to happen, take place or come about.

occur verb to happen, take place or come about

an indefinite quantity; slightly more than

odd adj the round number mentioned

odd adjective unusual or peculiar

an indefinite quantity, usually slightly more

odd adjective than the round number mentioned

to use one cost, payment or situation in

order to cancel or reduce the effect of
offset verb another

ongoing adj currently happening

onus noun obligation or responsibility

someone's feelings or thoughts about

opinion noun something, rather than a fact

opinion noun based on feelings and assumptions

someone’s feelings or thoughts about

opinion noun something, rather than a fact
 a view based on a subjective value system
and not on facts, therefore not necessarily
opinion noun true

opinionated adjective self-willed or obstinate

something contrary to that which is

opposite noun discussed

one of a number of things from which only

option noun one can be chosen

option noun choice between two or more things

optional adjective where an option can be exercised

a series of events, actions, numbers or

order noun letters, especially one after the other

to make oneself familiar with a new

orientate verb situation

to direct the interest of someone to

orientate verb something.

to make yourself or someone else familiar

orientate verb with a new situation

to direct the interest of someone to

orientate verb something
 according to orthodoxy – strict and
orthodox adjective religious, or conservative or dogmatic

accepted by most people as right or

orthodox adjective normal

generally accepted theory, doctrine or

orthodoxy noun practice

outcome noun result of something

output noun production of a certain amount

output noun something delivered or produced

overall adj including everything

overlap noun a shared idea, responsibility, activity, etc

to extend over or cover a part of

overlap verb something else

overlap noun a shared idea, responsibility, activity, etc.

overly adverb too (much)

overview noun concise summary of the main points

figure of speech which links two opposites,

oxymoron noun e.g. old news

sheet that forms a section of something

and often separates something from
panel noun something else

a group of knowledgeable people who give

panel noun advice or their opinion about an issue

a lecture, often presented at a conference

paper noun or at a seminar

paradigm noun a standard or typical example

a set of ideas explaining how a subject

paradigm noun should be understood

paradigm noun an example of the pattern of things

framework within which theory formation

about a phenomenon or subject area takes
paradigm noun place in a specific period

paradigmatic adjective as an example of something

apparent contradiction of juxtaposition of

paradox noun conflicting opinions
paradoxical adjective self-contradictionary

parallel adj similar or happening at the same time

side by side and continuously having the

parallel adjective same distance from each other

parallel noun comparison between two things or issues

version of the content of a text in your

paraphrase noun own words that shows you understand it

paraphrase verb to write something in your own words

summed up or expressed in your own

paraphrased adjective words

an extra explanation or idea – a word,

phrase or sentence – which is inserted into
a passage and is marked off with brackets,
parenthesis noun dashes or commas

parenthesis noun insertion in a sentence

parenthetic adjective making use of parenthesis

 imitating someone or something in a
mocking or comical way, with deliberate
parodied adjective exaggeration for ironic effect

mocking mimicry or funny reworking of

parody noun something serious

parody verb to imitate mockingly

imitation of someone or the style of an

artist in a mocking or comical way with
parodying noun deliberate exaggeration for ironic effect

any of two or more words with the same

paronym noun stem

with respect to words derived from the

paronymic adjective same stem

to be actively involved, share or take part

participate verb in an activity

particular adj indicating a specific person or thing

particular adjective indicating a specific person or thing.

a strong and enthusiastic supporter of a

person, group or cause, who does not
partisan noun always think clearly about the matter

who supports a person, group or cause

strongly and enthusiastically and does not
partisan adjective always think clearly about the matter
 someone who supports a person, group or
cause strongly and enthusiastically and
does not always think clearly about the
partisan noun matter

accepting a situation and not trying to

passive adj change it

connected with the form of the verb used

when the sentence starts with the object
passive noun instead of with the subject

form of the verb used when the sentence

starts with the object instead of with the
passive noun subject

peculiar adjective strange or different to what is expected

something that changes regularly from one

pendulum noun position to an opposite one

perceive verb to become aware of through the senses

perceive verb to become aware of through the senses

to become aware of, realize or understand

perceive verb something

numerical value calculated in terms of a

fraction of which the number 100 is the
percentage noun divisor

percentage noun a proportion in relation to a whole

 numeric unit in which an increase or
decrease or the significance of a matter is
expressed, and which is usually equal to
percentage point noun one percent

period noun a particular length of time

a length of time in the history of a country

period noun or person

a particular time in history or in someone's

period noun life

periodic occuring at regular intervals

periodise verb to divide into periods

with respect to the outer edge of

peripheral adjective something, for instance a circle

periphery noun the outer limits of an area

 the quality of staying in the same state or
permanency noun being permanent

when a feeling, state or quality never

perpetual adj changes or never ends

repeated over and over again, in a way

perpetual adj that is annoying

perpetual adjective continuing all the time

to continue to do something despite

persist verb difficulties or opposition

persist verb to continue to happen or exist

assigning human qualities to inanimate

personification noun things, animals or nature

personified adjective using personification

to represent something non-human in a

human way by giving it human
personify verb characteristics

perspective noun a way of regarding situations or topics

to judge the importance of an issue

perspective noun correctly in relation to everything else

capacity or form in which the mutual and

meaningful coherence of or connection
between matters, ideas or facts becomes
perspective noun clear
 specific way of looking at the world,
perspective noun influenced by a certain value system

regarding an evaluation, insight or view

perspective adjective regarding a particular matter

to talk somebody into doing something

and give him/her good reasons for doing
persuade verb so

to talk someone into doing something and

persuade verb give them good reasons for doing so

to talk someone into doing something and

persuade verb give them good reasons for doing so

the ability to talk someone into doing

something and give them good reasons for
persuasion noun doing so

adjective, good at persuading someone to do

persuasive adverb something or believe something

relevant or directly concerned with

pertinent adj something

to spread gradually throughout every part

pervade verb of something

any distinct time period in a sequence of

phase noun events

to plan or do something gradually in an

phase in verb orderly way
phenomenal adjective exceptionally good

phenomenological adjective according to the theory of phenomenology

trend in philosophy that thoroughly and

accurately describes phenomena without
phenomenology noun hypotheses about their causes

object of perception through senses or

phenomenon noun consciousness

a remarkable thing or situation that can be

phenomenon noun observed

phenomenon
(plural: any state or process known through the
phenomena) noun senses

adjective, considering matters and situations sensible

philosophical adverb and undisturbed, even resigned

adjective,
philosophical adverb according to the principles of philosophy

to speculate or theorise about serious

philosophise verb issues

a belief or system of beliefs resulting from

philosophy noun the search for knowledge
 science that examines the meaning of
philosophy noun things and of life

involving the body as distinguished from

physical adj the mind or spirit

very important, usually because other

pivotal adj things depend on it

to copy another person’s ideas or words

plagiarise verb and pretend that they are your own

plagiarise verb to commit plagiarism

the criminal practice of presenting

plagiarism noun someone else’s work or ideas as your own

plan verb think ahead and make arrangements

planned adjective having made arrangements in advance

planning noun the act of making plans

an expression or saying that has been

platitude noun made too often to be interesting

use of more words than necessary to name

pleonasm noun or describe something
pleonastic adjective making use of pleonasms

plot noun the plan or story of a book or film

point noun issue, matter or question

point noun topic for discussion or debate

angle from which someone approaches a

point of view noun situation

opinion or quality that is the opposite of

pole noun another

adjective,
polemical adverb in a quarrelsome way

a plan of action adopted by an individual or

policy noun social group

any of the multiple meanings that word

polyseme noun can have

polysemic adjective with more than one meaning

the capacity of a word or phrase to have

polysemy noun multiple meanings

portion noun a part of something bigger

portion verb to divide something into smaller parts

to describe or show somebody in a

portray verb particular way

to describe or show someone or something

portray verb in a particular way

to describe or show someone or something

portray verb in a particular way

portray verb to express something

portrayal noun the expression of something

portrayal noun the depiction of something

to create or state a problem which has to

pose verb be dealt with in a certain way

pose verb to ask a question

to create or state a problem which has to

pose verb be dealt with in a certain way.

pose verb to ask

to suggest that something is true so that it

posit verb can be used as the basis for an argument
positive adjective good and encouraging

positive adj indicating support or agreement

positive adj sure or certain of something

positive adjective good and supportive

school of thought which sees knowledge

and meaning as objective and therefore
positivism noun free from the social influence of context

positivistic adjective according to the principles of positivism

possible adj that can be done or achieved

possible adjective that can be done or achieved

Intellectual movement in France in the

1960’s and 1970’s as a criticism of the
structural basis on which structuralism
post-structuralism noun studies and explains human culture
 according to the theory of post-
post-structuralist adjective structuralism

school of thought in the arts, philosophy,

religion, technology and a variety of other
fields that arose after and deviated from
various 20th century movements
representing modernism, and which are
characterised by nonfundamentalist, more
postmodernism noun accommodating views

postmodernist adjective according to postmodern theory

to suggest that something is true so that it

postulate verb can be used as the basis for an argument

proposition suggesting the existence or

truth of something as the basis for
postulate noun reasoning

postulate verb to make a statement

potential adj that can develop into something

the possibility of something developing in a

potential noun certain way.
 the possibility of something developing in a
potential noun certain way

adjective, taking concrete solutions into

practical adverb consideration

practice noun way of doing something

practice noun way of doing something

practice noun a professional business

practice noun usual way of doing something

to do something regularly as part of your

practise verb normal behaviour

to do something regularly as part of your

practise verb normal behaviour

practise verb to specialise in something

practise verb to apply theories in a practical way

someone who works in a learned

practitioner noun profession, such as medicine or law
 sensible and practical rather than
pragmatic adj theoretical or idealistic

adjective,
pragmatic adverb in a practical way

school of thought that finds the meaning

of concepts in their practical applicability
pragmatism noun to situations

a person who is guided by practical

pragmatist noun considerations, more than by ideas

precede verb be earlier in time than

precede verb be earlier in time than

the condition of being considered more

important than somebody or something
else, and therefore should be dealt with
precedence noun first

state of being more important to do than

precedence noun other things

preceding adjective coming before something else

precious adjective of great value

precipitate verb to cause something to happen too soon

precipitate adj done too soon or carelessly

to make something serious happen

precipitate verb suddenly

precise adj exact, accurate or clearly delimited

predict verb to tell in advance

predict verb to tell in advance

predominant adj having superior power and influence

predominant adjective for the most part

more noticeable or important than
predominant adjective anything else

an unreasonable dislike of someone or

something, especially when it is based on
prejudice noun race, religion, gender, etc.

having its origin in an unreasonable dislike

of someone or something, especially when
prejudiced adjective it is based on race, religion, gender, etc.

preceding or in preparation for something

preliminary adj more important
 an event which happens before something
more important and which often prepares
preliminary noun for the later event

an exam that precedes a more important

preliminary noun exam, often in preparation for it

an idea which forms the basis of an

premise noun argument

to make a statement that you accept as

true and to use this idea to develop other
premise verb ideas

a proposition from which another

proposition is inferred or follows as a
premise noun conclusion
that which carries most weight with
preponderance noun someone

a word, usually before a noun, that shows

the position or state of something (in,
under, of, by, with).
preposition noun

a word that shows the position of

something or indicates a relationship
preposition noun between two referents in a sentence

present verb deliver something like a speech

the delivering of something like a speech

presentation noun or a paper

the respect and importance earned by an

organisation or person for things they have
prestige noun done
 respect and importance earned for things
prestige noun done

presume verb take to be the case or to be true

to suppose that something exists or is true

presume verb although it is not yet proven

to continue to exist although it may be

prevail verb difficult

to exist at a particular time in a particular

prevail verb place

prevail verb be common or exist

previous adj preceding something else in time or order

primary adj first in rank, importance or value

prime adj most basic or important

principal adj most important

a law, rule or theory on which something is

principle noun based

principle noun in general

 said of a person who shows recognition of
principled adjective right and wrong

prior adj earlier in time

prioritise verb to put in order of importance

the status determined on the basis of

priority noun importance or urgency

priority noun the thing that you think is most important

probable adj likely to happen or to be true

probably adverb almost certain, as far as one knows

something that is regarded as bad or
problem noun harmful

problematic adjective causing problems, or difficult to solve

cause problems or make something even

problematise verb more complicated

proceed verb to move ahead

a series of actions that are taken to

process noun achieve a particular result
 a series of actions taken towards a specific
process noun goal

as a series of steps in order to achieve a

process noun particular outcome

to put information into a computer in

process verb order to use it

procure verb to get or obtain

produce verb to make or deliver

product noun end result of something made or produced

able to produce large amounts of food,

productive adjective crops, goods, etc.

someone who works in a job for which

professional noun special training is necessary

suitable for somebody working in a

professional adj particular profession

working in and specifically trained for a

professional adjective particular profession

profound adjective demonstrating great knowledge or insight

profound adjective involving intense or deep emotion

 great knowledge and deep penetration
profundity noun into ideas

profundity noun a matter of great depth and intensity

progress noun the process of going forward or developing

the process of moving gradually to a more

progression noun advanced state

adjective,
progressive adverb developing in stages

prohibit verb to forbid

a planned undertaking or an expectation

project verb that something will happen

an important and carefully planned piece

project noun of work

project verb to plan or calculate what will happen

promote verb to contribute to the progress or growth of

promote verb to move to a higher rank or position

information that shows that something is

proof noun true

propagate verb to spread a belief or piece of information

 to spread a particular opinion or specific
propagate verb information

propensity noun a tendency to behave in a certain way

proportion noun part of a whole

the relationship of one thing to another in

proportion noun size, amount or number

proportion noun the comparative relation to the whole

proportion noun the comparative relation to the whole

usually a formal or written suggestion or

proposal noun plan

to make a suggestion, usually formally or in

propose verb writing

proposed adjective what is suggested

prospect noun the possibility of future success

the accepted ways of doing things under

protocol noun certain formal circumstances

provable adjective that can be proven

prove verb to provide evidence that something is true

proven adjective having been shown to be true

provide verb give or make available

publication noun the act of issuing printed materials

the act of making something known to the

publication noun public

the act or process of editing, printing and

publication noun distributing a text or texts

the act of making something known to the

publication noun public

something that comes from the press into

publication noun the public domain

to prepare and issue for public distribution

publish verb or sale

to prepare and issue a text for public

publish verb distribution or sale

purchase noun something obtained by paying money for it

purchase verb to get something by paying money for it.

purchase verb to get something by paying money for it

purport verb to assume to be the case

purport verb to claim to be the case

purpose noun ultimate goal or objective

purposeful adjective with a specific purpose or goal in mind

to try to achieve something over a period
pursue verb of time

to try to achieve something over a period

pursue verb of time

purview noun purpose or tendency

an extra piece of information that limits

that which has been said, written or
qualification noun believed before

limiting of the meaning of a word or

qualification noun statement to make it less general

an exam you have passed, skills or

experience that make you able to do a
qualification noun specific job

to add something to a previous statement

qualify verb to make the meaning clearer

qualify verb to supply more information

 to support with more detail, evidence or
qualify verb examples

to pass an examination or be successful in

a sports competition so that you can
continue to the next stage or be able to do
qualify verb a particular job

qualifying adjective which describes something in more detail

which measures the quality rather than the

qualitative adj quantity of something

that is researched or analysed by

qualitative adjective describing its quality

quality noun a standard, measured against other things

that can be researched or analysed by

quantitative adjective means of measurement

quantity noun measurable quantity

to ask questions, often in official or

question verb academic context

questioning noun the critical process of asking questions

 words from another person, which
somebody uses in their own writing or
quotation noun speech, with an indication of the source

to use what somebody else has said or

quote verb written in your writing or speech

taken from another text without changing

quoted adjective anything

new and different; likely to have a strong

radical adj effect

radical adj in favour of drastic political change

new and different, and likely to have a

radical adjective strong effect

radical noun someone who holds radical views

selecting in a way that gives all possible

random adj choices an equal chance

random adj without an order or plan

 in a way that all possible choices have an
random adj equal chance of being considered

chosen in such a way that all possible

random adjective choices have an equal chance

adjective,
random adverb without a plan or logical order

state of being without a logical order or

randomness noun plan

range noun all sorts of things of the same general kind

range noun the limits within which something varies

range verb to vary between two specific limits

range verb to cover a number of topics

range noun the limits within which something varies

 to cover a number of things in addition to
range verb those mentioned

rated adjective categorised according to quality

relationship between two things which

represents by how much the one is larger
ratio noun than the other

ratio noun a relationship between two amounts

rational adj based on or using reason

rational adjective based on or using reason

rational adjective based on or using reason

rational adjective based on or using reason

rationalisation noun act or process of rationalising

giving reasons for one's behaviour that

makes the action taken sound logical, but
rationalisation noun that have been made up after the fact
 the process of making a company or
industry more efficient, especially by laying
rationalisation noun off staff

rationalise verb give a rational explanation or justification

rationalise verb cut spending and reduce jobs by layoffs

that has been placed into the sphere of

rationalised adjective reason or logic

any school of thought that overestimates

the role of reason in the acquisition of
rationalism noun knowledge

too strongly focused on the reasonable at

rationalist adjective the expense of the spiritual

react verb to show a response to something

react verb to respond in a particular way

reaction noun action in response to something

achievement of something that has been

realisation noun anticipated or looked forward to

to become aware of a particular situation

realise verb or a fact

to become aware of a particular situation

realise verb or a fact

realise verb to understand something with insight

to achieve something that has been

realise verb anticipated or looked forward to

to judge a situation, based on evidence

reason verb provided in a logical way

reason noun explanation for something

the ability of the mind to form opinions

reason noun and understand arguments

reason noun explanation or justification for something

reason noun explanation or justification

to judge a situation, based on evidence

reason verb provided in a logical way.
 to state your point of view with your
reason verb logical mind

reasoning noun the way in which a point of view is argued

to tell someone that something will be

recommend verb suitable for a particular purpose

to tell someone that something will be

recommend verb suitable for a particular purpose

the proposal that something will be

recommendation noun suitable for a particular purpose

recommended adjective advised as suitable for a particular purpose

to neutralise and accommodate

reconcile verb contradictions

to tell an experience in the order that the

recount verb events took place

a chronological account of an event or a

recount noun series of events

to return to the normal state after some

recover verb difficulty

to get back the same amount of money

that you originally spent or that somebody
recover verb owed you

recur adj to happen again

recur verb to happen again

recurring adjective happening again

to send something to someone with more

refer verb authority or knowledge

refer verb to acknowledge a source

to consult another section of the same

source or another source to find
refer verb information

refer verb to mention an author or a text

a thing you say or write that mentions a

reference noun person or a source

a thing you say or write that mentions a

reference noun person or a source

a book that can be consulted for

reference book noun information on specific matters

referenced adjective obtained by consulting a text

to make something, such as a theory,

refine verb better by making changes to it
 to think carefully and deeply about
reflect verb something

to express expectations, perceptions and

reflect verb feelings about an experience

to think carefully and deeply about

reflect verb something

the action of thinking carefully and deply

reflection noun about something

the action of making use of the intellect

reflection noun and thinking about something

thinking carefully and deeply about

reflective adjective something

a change made to a system in order to

reform noun make it better

reform verb to make something better

refutable adjective proof that a theory or statement is wrong

the proof that a theory or statement is

refutation noun wrong

to prove that a theory or statement is

refute verb wrong
 to prove that a theory or statement is
refute verb wrong

a government, especially one that has not

regime noun been fairly elected

large area of land, usually with no exact

region noun limits

alphabetical list (at the back) of important

register noun words contained in a book

regulate verb to control something by means of rules

regulate verb to control the rate of a machine or process

to make a group, idea or feeling stronger

reinforce verb and to support with rewards

to make something stronger and (or)

reinforce verb support it with rewards

refuse to accept, acknowledge or believe

reject verb something

something that is seen as being

reject noun substandard

to show a relationship or connection

relate verb between two or more things

relate verb to tell the story of

 to show a relationship or connection
relate verb between two or more things

relate verb report something

adjective,
relative adverb considered in relation to something else

placing things in relation to other things,

relativise verb which reduces their absolute value

theory that all knowledge, truth, norms

and principles are relative, implicating that
they can change from one group, culture
relativism noun or situation to another

according to the view that there are no

abstract universal truths that apply to all
relativistic adjective peoples and cultures at all times

relativity noun the absence of standards

to rest while you are doing something

relax verb enjoyable

relax verb to become less anxious

relax verb to make less strict

release verb to make known to the public

release verb to grant freedom to

relevance noun the state of being appropriate

having a bearing on or a connection with

relevant adj something
adjective, appropriate to the context of what is being
relevant adverb done

reliable adj likely to be correct or true; trustworthy

reliable adj that can be replicated

reliable adjective likely to be correct or true

reluctance noun a certain degree of unwillingness

reluctant verb not wanting to do something

rely verb to need or depend on something

rely verb to have confidence or faith in something

remark noun a (negative) comment about something

to say something with special reference to

remark verb something else
remark noun a (positive) comment about something

remove verb to take something away

transition phase between the Middle Ages

Renaissance noun and the modern era

revival, especially in the fields of the arts

renaissance noun and literature

render verb to cause something to be a certain way

render verb to give something to somebody

to show something in a certain way in a
render verb work of art

replica noun exact imitation of the original

replicate verb to produce the same thing again

react to an opponent’s arguments at the

reply verb end of a debate

reply verb give an answer

 communication on a matter after it has
report noun been thoroughly investigated

report verb give an account of something

reproduce verb to copy

reproduce verb to repeat the original as far as possible

reproduce verb to put into own words

reproduced adjective exactly or almost exactly like the original

something that has been reproduced, of

reproduction noun which a replica has been made

repudiate verb to refuse to accept something

require verb to have need of

require verb to make something necessary.

require verb to make something necessary

required adjective which is necessary

requirement noun a compulsary or necessary condition

requirement noun a necessary qualification

to conduct a careful study to discover new

research verb facts

research noun a careful study to discover new facts

to conduct a careful study to discover new

research verb facts

careful investigation that discovers new

facts or proves hypotheses, reviews
existing conclusions, or finds practical
research noun application for theories

researched adjective investigated systematically

reservoir noun a large supply or collection of something

reside verb to live at (in)

resident adj living or working in a place

resident noun someone who lives or works in a place

resident adjective who lives or works in a place.

what is left behind after the main part has

residue noun been taken away
 the part of money or property that remains
residue noun after all the debts have been paid

what is left behind after the main part has

residue noun been taken away

being able to recover quickly from adverse

resilient adjective circumstances

ability to persist biologically and

resistance noun psychologically

supply of something that a country, an

resource noun organisation, etc. possesses and can use

something that can be used to help

resource noun achieve an aim

supply of something that a country or an

resource noun organisation possesses and can use

respective adjective various

separately and in the order already

respectively adverb mentioned

respond verb to react to something

 to improve as a result of a particular
respond verb treatment

to say or do something in reply to

respond verb something

response noun reaction to something

responsive adjective as a reaction to something

to bring back a situation that existed

restore verb before

restrain verb to hold someone back

to limit the size, amount or range of

restrict verb something

to limit yourself to a certain amount of

restrict verb something or a certain activity

restriction noun a limiting condition

restrictive adjective setting boundaries or limits

something that has happened or is

result noun produced because of something else
 something that has happened or is
result noun produced because of something else

result noun as a consequence

something that has happened or is

result noun produced because of something else

retain verb to keep a substance that has been taken in

retain verb to hold something back and not lose it

to pay someone beforehand for their

retain verb services

retain verb to keep someone or something

retard verb to slow a process

retrogradation noun backward movement or decrease in quality

retrograde adjective arranged according to the end of words

looking back and thinking about one’s own

retrospection noun actions, which often leads to new insight
 adjective,
retrospective adverb looking back on past events or situations

to make known which was previously kept

reveal verb secret

reveal verb to let information become known

the entire amount of income before any

revenue noun deductions are made

reverberate verb to have a widespread effect

reverberate verb have (serious) consequences

to change completely so that it is the

reverse verb opposite of what it was before

reverse adj opposite to the usual situation

reverse adjective in the opposite order to the usual order

to change something in order to make it

revise verb better or more suitable

revise verb to study work that you have already learnt

revolt verb to reject authority, often violently

revolt noun a protest against authority.

revolt noun a protest against authority

revolution noun a single complete turn

an important change in ways of thinking or

revolution noun doing that affects many people

revolve verb to focus on one thing

the art of logical reasoning and the use of

rhetoric noun persuasion techniques whilst debating

rhetorical adjective to which no answer is expected

 making use of grandiloquent words and
rhetorical adjective superfluous clichés
a repeated pattern of sounds or
rhythm noun movements

rhythm noun a regular pattern of changes

rigid adj not bending or changing shape

rigid adj not willing or able to change

the fact of being careful and paying great

rigour noun attention to detail

rigour noun harsh and difficult conditions

thoroughness in making sure something is
rigour noun correct

the actions and activities assigned to a

role noun person or group

the actions and activities assigned to a

role noun person or group

fascinating, mysterious or imaginative

aura, character or mood often associated
with something adventurous, imaginary or
unreal, or with something from a bygone
romance noun era

characterised by an idealised view of

romantic adjective reality
romanticise verb represent in a romantic way

movement in the visual arts, literature and

music that reached a peak in the late 18th
and early 19th centuries, characterised by
an increased interest in nature and the
past, an emphasis on the individual's
expression of emotion and imagination, an
escape from reality and a revolt against
Romanticism noun existing conventions and social norms

route noun an established road or path to travel along

route noun a certain way of achieving something

rudimentary adj dealing with simple and basic facts or ideas

rudimentary adj basic and undeveloped

manageable part of a larger whole from

which the researcher can derive the
properties from the whole with the
sample noun appropriate statistical operations

sanction noun permission or approval for an action.

 a punishment to make people obey laws or
sanction noun customs

a punishment to make people obey laws or

sanction noun customs

sanction noun permission or approval for an action

sarcasm noun caustic mockery, intended to hurt

using irony in order to mock, saying the

sarcastic adjective opposite of what is meant

a natural body in space, which revolves

satellite noun around a larger body

a country, town or organisation controlled

satellite noun by a larger one

a machine which has been sent into space

satellite noun and which revolves around a planet.

a machine which has been sent into space

satellite noun and which revolves around a planet

the practice of exposing human or social

folly, shortcomings or malpractices in a
satire noun mocking, ironic or sarcastic way
adjective,
satirical adverb mocking or challenging

satirical making use of satire

satirise verb to criticise by means of satire

satirise verb to make use of satire

to fill something or someone completely

with something so that nothing more can
saturate verb be added

to look quickly at something, e.g. a text, to

scan verb find relevant information

to produce an image of a document by

making use of a hardware appliance which
scan verb uses light or another means

to read with the eyes moving swiftly over

scan verb the page in search of specific words

swift eye movement over a page to search

scanning noun for specific words

scenario noun an outline or synopsis of a play

the description of an event or series of

scenario noun events that may serve as an example

a list of times at which things are planned

schedule noun to occur

schedule verb to include something in a schedule

schema noun an outline of a plan or a theory

scheme noun an elaborate and systematic plan of action

 knowledge of phenomena and laws that
are accepted as valid because they have
been acquired through a systematic
process of theorising, exact observation,
experimentation, counterchecking and
science noun argumentation

scientific adjective based on science

an area in which something operates or

scope noun has power or control

scope noun framework

the extent or range which is covered by a

scope noun book, discussion, etc.

the number of points you receive for a test

score noun or assignment

secrete verb to produce a liquid substance

one of several parts or pieces that fit with

section noun others

section verb to separate something into smaller parts

section noun separate part of a whole

one of several parts or pieces that fit with

section noun others

sector noun a particular aspect of life or activity

secure adj free from danger or risk

secure verb to obtain or achieve something

seek verb to try to do or find something

segment noun a smaller part of something

segment verb to divide something into smaller parts

select verb to choose someone or something carefully

carefully chosen according to certain

select adjective standards

meeting of experts and students in a

specific field of study for discussion,
seminar noun research or hands-on practice

sense noun the meaning or purpose of something

separate verb to divide into different parts or groups

separately adverb divided into different parts or groups

a series of events, numbers or actions that

sequence noun follow in a particular order

a series of events, numbers or actions that

sequence noun follow in a particular order

a group of events or actions, especially

series noun happening one after another
 to move from one position, opinion or
shift verb situation to another

a move from one position, opinion or

shift noun situation to another.

a move from one position, opinion or

shift noun situation to another

significance noun the importance or meaning of something

significant adj important in effect or meaning

significant adjective meaningful or important

signify verb to be a sign of something.

signify verb to be a sign of something

like something else but not completely the

similar adj same

similarity noun the state of being similar

reproduce the behaviour or appearance of

simulate verb something or someone

simulate verb to imitate the nature of something

simulate verb to imitate the nature of something

simulated adjective mimicked or imitated

continuous role play as part of a teaching

simulation noun or training situation

simulation noun imitation of a process

simultaneous adj happening or existing at the same time.

simultaneous adjective happening or existing at the same time

a place where something important

site noun happened

skeleton noun the framework of something

sketch noun a short description of something

sketch verb outline something briefly and roughly

the ability to do something well or to

skill noun master something difficult
 said of someone who has mastered
skillful adjective something and can do it well

to read something quickly to find the main

skim verb points

to read something quickly to find the main

skim verb points

skim verb page through

group of people with more or less the

society noun same interests and values

solution noun the way to solve a problem

solvable adjective possible to solve

solve verb deal with a difficult situation

solve verb to find a solution for problem

showing or having a lot of experience of

sophisticated adj the world or of social situations

sophisticated adj complicated; cleverly designed

sophisticated adjective complicated or cleverly designed

source noun the place from which something comes.

source noun the cause of something
a person or document that provides
source noun information

source noun original text

source noun the place from which something comes

concerning the position, size or shape of

spatial adj something

speaker noun somebody who speaks or reads a paper

distinguishing something particular or

specific adj special or unique

specific adjective defined clearly

specific adjective particular, exact or detailed

specifically adverb particular, exact or detailed

description or detailed expression of

specification noun something

specification noun detailed description

specified adjective that has been stated or set

to state a fact clearly or identify something

specify verb clearly
specify verb to describe in detail

a range of opinions or beliefs relating to

spectrum noun the same subject

to buy or sell goods or shares in the hope

speculate verb of making a profit

to form an opinion without knowing all the

speculate verb facts

area influenced by a particular person or

sphere noun organisation

the area influenced by a particular person

sphere noun or organisation

the non-physical part of a human as the

spirit noun seat of emotions

school of thought of a certain time in

spirit noun history

spiritual adjective in a way that relates to the spirit or soul

spiritualise verb to take something spiritually

stable adj resistant to change of position or condition

standard noun level of competence or expertise

standardise verb establish a norm

standardise verb raise something to the required level

standardised adjective which meets certain set standards

to suffer because of a mental or spiritual

starve verb need, or to crave something
to suffer because of a mental or spiritual
starved verb need, or to crave something

state verb to say something formally

state verb speak or write something with certainty

something that has been said or written

stated adjective with certainty

something that you say or write that gives

statement noun information about something

something that you say or write that gives

statement noun information about something

stationary adjective not moving

statistical adjective relating to the use of statistical data

a collection of information shown in

statistics noun numbers

method that collects and reproduces data

statistics noun in terms of numbers, figures and graphs

status noun a state at a particular time

status noun one’s social, legal or professional rank

a fixed idea as to how a certain type of

stereotype noun person should be or act

stereotype noun fixed image of something or someone

to make assumptions about people or

stereotype verb situations without regard to context

stereotyped adjective relating to a stereotype

stereotyped adjective well-worn or overused

presentation of something or someone as

stereotyping noun a stereotype

to make something or someone more

stimulate verb active
 to state clearly that something must be
done and how it must be done as part of
stipulate verb an agreement

stipulate verb to state explicitly

stipulated adjective something that has been specified

stipulation noun something which has been stipulated

straightforward noun not difficult and easy to understand

strange adjective extraordinary

done as part of a plan to achieve a specific

strategic noun goal

relating to long-term goals and how to

strategic adjective achieve them

strategist noun a person who is skilled in planning

strategy noun an elaborate and systematic plan of action

elaborated overall plan to achieve a

strategy noun specific goal
stratum noun a class in society

difficulty that causes worry or emotional

stress noun tension

the pressure put on something that may

stress noun cause it to lose its form or break

stress verb to place special importance on something

noticeable because it is attractive,

striking adjective interesting or unusual

striking adjective making a positive or unusual impression

adjective,
structural adverb relating to the structure

intellectual approach to language,

literature, society, etc., which focuses on
relationships between different elements
structuralism noun in a conceptual system

structuralist adjective according to the theory of structuralism

the way in which the parts of something

structure noun are connected or organised

to organise something into a particular

structure verb pattern
structure verb to build something systematically

structure noun arrangement according to a plan or system

structured adjective relating to a structure

structuring noun arrangement according to a plan or system

to make or do something in a particular

style adj way

a distinctive way of doing or presenting

style verb something

to make or do something in a particular

style verb way

subdivide verb to divide into parts

subject noun main point being talked or written about

subjectify verb to make something into a personal matter

existing in the mind and not created by

subjective adj external conditions

subjective adjective beased on personal opinions or feelings

 tendency to view a matter solely from a
subjectivity noun personal point of view

the action of providing somebody in

authority with a document that they have
submission noun to consider or judge

to provide somebody in authority with a

document that they have to consider or
submit verb judge

to provide somebody in authority with a

document that they have to consider or
submit verb judge

handed over for consideration or

submitted adjective assessment

subordinate adj of less importance

a person who is of lesser importance or

subordinate noun rank to someone else

subordinate verb lower in rank or importance

the action of treating somebody as less

subordination noun important

subsequent adj following in time or order

subsequent adjective following in time or order

subsequently adverb following in time or order

subsidy adjective a grant paid to an enterprise

a person or thing that can take the place of

substitute noun another

to use or add in place of something of

substitute verb someone else

someone or something that takes the

substitute noun place of someone or something else

subtitle noun second title of a book or article

written words at the bottom of a TV,

cinema or computer screen, that repeat
what is being said, usually in another
subtitle noun language

written words at the bottom of a TV,

cinema or computer screen, that repeat
what is being said, usually in another
subtitle noun language

subtle adj not very obvious

subtle adj organised in a clever and sophisticated way

succeed verb to get what you want by putting in effort

succeed verb to come directly after something else

to come directly after something or

succeed verb someone else

a number of things or people following

succession noun each other in time

following immediately, the one after the

successive adj other

successor adj a person who follows next in order

successor adjective a person who follows next in order

suffice verb to be enough

of a quantity that can fulfil a need or

sufficient noun requirement

sufficient adjective enough

something that is indirectly stated or

suggestion noun suggested
suggestion noun an idea regarding what can be done

suit verb to be acceptable

suitable adjective right or appropriate for a something

to give a brief summary of something, to

sum verb sum up

sum up verb to give a brief summary of something

summarise verb to give a summary of something

summarise verb to give a summary of something

to give the main points or the gist of

summary noun something

summary noun the main points or the gist of a text

giving only what is obvious; not thorough,

superficial adj deep or complete

in or connected to the top layer of

superficial adj something
superficial adj not thorough or complete

superficial adjective not thorough, deep or complete

superficial adjective only touching the surface of something

to combine two systems or ideas so that

superimpose verb one influences the other

superior adj better than someone or something else

a person who is/has more importance or

superior noun authority than others
someone who is more important or has
superior noun more authority than others

an additional component that enhances

supplement noun the ability of someone or something

to add to something in order to make it

supplement verb more complete

to add to something in order to make it

supplement verb more complete

supplement noun an extra part of a newspaper, book, etc.

support verb to show that something is correct or true

back up with arguments and supply

support verb evidence

support verb give weight to an argument

support noun something that carries weight

supportive adjective that carries weight

to state a belief that something is true, but

suppose verb without sufficient proof

to imagine that something is true so that

suppose verb you can propose a possible result

to imagine that something is true so that

suppose verb you can propose a possible result

to state a belief that something is true, but

suppose verb without sufficient proof

supposed adjective assumed or believed

assumed or believed to be the case, but

supposed adjective not necessarily so
supposition noun an assumption or something you believe

suppress verb to put an end to something

to restrain something or keep it from being

suppress verb known

the most important or the greatest that

supreme adj something or someone can be

supreme adj the greatest in degree

surface noun top layer or upper part of something

surface noun top layer or upper part of something

surface noun the uppermost layer

surround verb to be around something or someone

 to look at something carefully from a
survey verb distance

to think about the general consequences

survey verb of a situation

to look at a piece of land for geographical

survey verb or building purposes

an investigation of the opinions, beliefs or

survey noun attitudes of a group of people

a map drawn up after surveying a piece of

survey noun land

set of questions asked to a large number of

survey noun people

to look at a piece of land for geographical

survey verb or building purposes

continue to exist after something

survive verb unfortunate has happened

survive verb continue to exist

 stop a process or a habit by imposing a
suspend adj freeze on it

sustain verb lengthen or extend in duration or space

sustain verb to keep alive or make something continue

sustainable adjective able to continue

switch noun a sudden change

to change something or some state of

switch verb mind for another

switch verb change from one thing to another

reasoning process consisting of two

premises from which a logical derivation
syllogism noun follows

a process of logic in which two general

statements lead to a more particular
syllogistic adjective statement

a concrete sign, or thing, that has a

symbol noun particular meaning
 adjective,
symbolic adverb as a symbol

to represent a more general or an abstract

symbolise verb situation or quality

to represent a more general or an abstract

symbolise verb situation or quality

symbolise verb to be symbolic of something

synchronisation noun act of sinchronising

synchronise verb to make things happen at the same time

synchronous adjective occuring at the same time

another word with more or less the same
synonym noun meaning

synonymous adjective closely associated

synoptic adjective a general summary

syntactic at the level of the sentence

study of different types of sentences and

the word relationships within these
syntax noun sentences
 a combination of separate ideas from
various sources with an indication of how
synthesis noun they differ and how they are similar

creative merging of unrelated elements

synthesis noun into a new whole

synthesise verb to bring about an artificial composition

group of objects or parts that work

system noun together according to an ordering principle

systematic adj done according to a system or plan

systematic adjective according to a system or plan

systematic adjective methodically executed, according to a plan

systematically adverb according to a system or plan

systematise verb to place within a system

a list of facts or numbers organised in

table noun columns and rows
 list, record or log that summarises figures
table noun or other data

taboo noun activity, subject or word that people avoid

tabular adj organised in the format of a table

tabular adjective organised in the format of a table

organise lists of facts or numbers in

tabulate verb columns and rows

tabulate verb to present something in a table

tabulated adjective presented as a table

lists of facts or numbers that are organised

tabulation noun in columns and rows

tangible adj clear or definite

target noun a reference point for shooting at

target noun object of an action or attack

any piece of work which is undertaken or

task noun attempted
tautological adjective making use of tautology

phrase in which the same thing is said

tautology noun twice in different words

technical noun of or relating to aptitude in a practical skill

technical noun of or relating to a practical skill

relating to machines or exact details, rules

technical adjective or techniques

technique noun a practical skill or ability.

a special method for doing something,

technique noun usually involving skill.

technique noun a practical skill

a special method for doing something,

technique noun usually involving skill

a way of performing a certain task,

especially used in technology, science and
technique noun sport

autocracy of technology and technical

technocracy expertise
 relating to the control of society by
technocratic technical experts

technological adjective relating to technology

the scientific study and use of applied

technology noun sciences, such as engineering.

technology noun machinery and equipment

the scientific study and use of applied

technology noun sciences, such as engineering

all methods of providing instruments for

technology noun human existence and comfort

that is explained in terms of its end or

teleological adjective purpose

the theory that events can only be

teleology noun explained in terms of their end or purpose
temporariness noun state of not being permanent or lasting

temporary adj not permanent or lasting

temporary adjective not permanent

tentative adj not definite or certain.

tentative adj hesitant or cautious

tentative adjective not definite or certain

terminate verb to make something end

the technical words or expressions used in

terminology noun a particular subject

text verb to send an SMS or text message

text noun the main body of printed or written work

a book or piece of writing, usually for the

text noun purpose of learning
tightly woven content in which everything
text noun is interconnected
textual adjective relating to a text

the structure of a piece of writing, music or

texture noun art

the way in which the different parts of a

work of art, music or writing are put
texture noun together to produce a final effect

thankful adjective appreciative

thematic according to a theme

thematise verb to place the topic of a text within context

the subject matter of a conversation or

theme noun discussion

theme noun subject within context

theoretical adjective according to theory, excluding practice

to think and talk about ideas and

theorise verb hypotheses

process of thinking and talking about ideas

and hypotheses, or reasoning according to
theorising noun a theory
 a formal set of ideas, which attempts to
theory noun explain why something happens or exists

an opinion or idea, not necessarily based

theory noun on reasoning

theory noun the principle on which a subject is based

ordered set of ideas and hypotheses that

theory noun seek to explain an aspect of reality

dictionary that groups words according to

concepts and helps users to find the right
thesaurus noun word for a particular context

statement or opinion that is discussed in a

thesis noun logical way and supported by evidence

extended piece of writing completed by a

university student, based on their own
thesis noun research

original and independent research

thesis noun submitted to obtain a doctorate

a statement that has to be defended

thesis noun academically by an antithesis
 research paper that is submitted for a
postgraduate qualification and testifies to
thesis noun scientific research

with great attention to detail and

thorough adjective completeness

thoughtful adjective thinking and behaving in a kind way

timeless adj not affected by the passing of time

timeliness noun the phenomenon of being on time

timely adj happening at exactly the right time

timely adjective happening at exactly the right time

timely adjective being done at the right time

topic adj subject that is talked or written about

an indication that something has been

trace noun present

to find or discover something or someone

trace verb after searching carefully

to describe a process or the development

trace verb of something
tradition noun academic or scholarly paradigm

tradition noun a specific practice of long standing

trait noun a particular characteristic or feature

the act of movement from one place to

transfer noun another

to move something or someone from one

transfer verb place to another

to change or alter in form, appearance or

transform verb nature

to change or alter the form, appearance or

transform verb nature of something

transgress verb to go beyond the limits

transgression noun something that goes beyond the limits

the process or period of changing from one

transition noun condition to another
transparent adj clear and easy to understand

to indicate that two or more methods are

used in a study in order to check the
triangulate verb results

a category of people or things having

type noun similar characteristics

having the usual or standard

typical adj characteristics of a group

having the distinctive quality of a specific

typical adjective type of person, thing or situation

having distinctive qualities of something or

typical adjective someone

regarding the style, layout and appearance

typographic adjective of printed text

appearance, layout and design of a printed

typography noun text

ultimate adj the best or worst of its kind

ultimate adj the last or final in a series or process

ultimate adjective the best or worst of its kind

to form the basis or cause of an action,

underlie verb theory or argument

to form the basis or cause of an action,

underlie verb theory or argument

to perceive, interpret or view something in

understand verb a particular way

to perceive, interpret or view something in

understand verb a particular way

to perceive, interpret or view something in

understand verb a particular way

understanding noun ability to comprehend

able to comprehend or understand

understanding adjective something

undoubtedly adjective without any doubt

uniform adj the same at all times and across all objects
uniform adjective staying the same

uniform adjective the same everywhere and at all times

uniformity noun the sate of being the same

unique adjective being the only one of its kind

done by involving people or things across

universal adj the world

true at all times and all places across the

universal adj world

true at all times and all places across the

universal adjective world

universal adjective applicable to all people, things or places

universe noun all existing matter, places and time

the fact or quality of happening at an

untimeliness noun inconvenient time

untimely adjective not occurring at a suitable time

 the way in which something is used,
usage noun especially words in a language

usage noun the way in which something is used

use verb apply something

useful adjective which can be used for a practical purpose

utilisation noun practical, effective use

something that is used, normally for a

utilisation noun practical purpose

to use something, normally for a practical

utilise verb purpose

utilise verb to use something for a practical purpose

utilise verb to use something for a practical purpose

utilise verb to use something for a practical purpose

utter adj complete; total; absolute

utter adjective absolute, complete, total

 having the expected characteristics; being
valid adj true or accurate

valid adj having legal force or authority

valid adjective to be operative or in effect

valid adjective true or accurate

valid adjective having a sound logical basis

validate verb to prove that something is true or accurate

to confirm the power or value of

validate verb something

validated adjective proved to be true or accurate

the action of checking or proving that

validation noun something is valid or accurate

validity noun legal force or authority

validity noun logical reliability

value noun how much something is worth

value noun the usefulness or importance of something

value verb to attach importance to something

value system noun set of values

variation noun differences between things that are similar

a particular style or mood of writing or

vein noun speaking

version noun translated or adapted

form of something that differs slightly from

version noun other forms of the same thing

view noun a personal opinion about something

view verb to regard something in a certain way

the ability to see something from a certain

view noun perspective

the action of violating or infringing upon

violation noun something
virtual adj having the essence or effect of something

virtual adjective with the essence of, so to speak

created by means of computers, especially

virtual adj over a network

virtually adv almost, very nearly

virtually adverb almost, very nearly

visibly adjective clearly visible

a picture, such as a photograph, map,

visual noun sketch or painting

essential or necessary for something to

vital adj exist or succeed

vocabulary noun the words used in a language

the words known to a person or used in a

vocabulary noun particular book, subject, etc.

volatility noun state or quality of being volatile, unstable

volume noun a book or one of a set of books

to take back a remark, statement,

withdraw verb accusation, promise, etc.
witty adjective funny and clever
Examples isiZulu TERM POS2

Have they just postponed this project, or

abandoned it altogether? shiya/yeka verb

He urged us to abandon the idea. lahla verb

This spell checker also has the ability to

automatically point out some grammatical
errors. ikhono noun

The number of chromosomes is abnormal. okungajwayelekile adj

Her view on the morality of people’s

actions is absolute. phelele adjective

The danger of people who follow one

particular ideology is that they absolutise
the ideas in it and consequently accept no
other ideas as valid. yenza kuphelele verb

The absolutism in her approach to

religious issues scares many people. ngokuphelele noun

Without any prior knowledge or a printed

text at our disposal, it was difficult to
absorb all the information he presented
on nuclear fission. munca verb

He recently finished the work that had

absorbed him for almost two years. hlaba umxhwele verb

She was completely absorbed in her book

and didn’t hear a word I said. gxila verb
Love is regarded as an abstract idea. okusemcabangweni adj

The abstract of the article summarises the

main findings. umongo noun

The knowledgeable reader can abstract

certain universal truths from a good
literary text. okungaqondakali verb

Love is regarded as an abstract idea. okungaqondakali adjective

The abstract at the beginning of a long

academic article is useful if you want to
know if the article is relevant to you. isandulela noun

The thematic motifs of a text are an

abstraction, ideas that readers are able to
infer from the concrete textual data. ukwakha imibono noun

Game-based learning can accelerate the

transfer and application of knowledge. sheshisa verb

Although many physicists could accept

Niels Bohr’s quantum theory as valid,
Einstein refused to do so. yamukela verb

Jim Martin accepted Halliday's ideas on

Systemic Functional Grammar. vuma verb

The head of the department accepted her

resignation. amukela verb

Despite many physicists’ enthusiasm for

Niels Bohr’s quantum theory, Einstein
doubted its acceptability. ukwamukeleka noun
Cohabitation has become more socially
acceptable today. okuthandekayo adj

These noise levels are acceptable within

the office. okwamukelekile adj

Cohabitation has become socially

acceptable. kuyamukeleka adjective

Einstein did not acknowledge Niels Bohr’s

view on quantum particles as an
acceptable theory. kuyamukeleka adjective

Einstein’s critical attitude to Niels Bohr’s

quantum theory is in stark contrast to
many physicists’ enthusiastic acceptance
of it. ukwamukela noun

This type of legislation is globally accepted

practice. kwamukeliwe adjective

The only access to the laboratory is

through that door. intuba noun

Students must have access to a good

library. finyelela verb

She accessed three different databases to

find the information. thola verb

In order to access the protected collection

of a library, one must first ask for leave. finyelela verb

Items housed in the Main Building are

accessible whenever the Library is open to
the public. finyeleleka adjective

There are two accessible assistants in our

university library who are happy to help
students find their resources. ngeneka adjective
Educators accommodate learners with
poor reading ability by providing activities
that are within their ability. siza verb

The true scientist always tries to think

accommodatingly from other points of
view. However, such an accommodating ukuvumelana
way of thinking is very rare. nezimo adjective

Your accommodation of other people’s

views requires that you look at things from ukuvumelana
their perspective. nabanye noun

The plagiarism declaration must

accompany all written work submitted
while you are a student of the university. phelezela verb

The dismissal of the employee was

effected in accordance with a fair
procedure. imvumelwano noun

According to the requirements for a

Baccalaureus Degree, you have to pass
two more subjects. ngokuvumelana adjective

His presentation is a faithful account of

the author’s view. incazelo noun

Some students enrol for a course simply to

accumulate credits towards their degrees. qongelela verb

As evidence accumulates against the

corrupt city manager, he desperately tries
to defend himself. didiyela verb
The accumulated evidence gathered by
the Hawks, was enough to prosecute the
corrupt director of the company. qoqiwe adjective

Permission to use the material is gratefully

acknowledged. yazisa verb

Prof. Crous and dr. Andrews, who have

often disagreed in public, eventually
acknowledged that they completely
misunderstood each other. yamukela verb

The competent researcher will

acknowledge the contributions of other
researchers in her academic articles or
dissertation. yazisa verb

Our physics professor is an acknowledged

authority on the subject of nuclear
physics. nolwazi adjective

An important characteristic of researchers

who do not fear competition from other
researchers, is the acknowledgement of
contributions of fellow scholars in their
bibliography, their articles or their
dissertations. ukwamukela noun

The company’s acknowledgment of

financial slip-ups has provoked fierce
criticism. ukwamukela noun

Victims of gang violence will not acquiesce

in the early release of convicted gang
members. vumela verb

The government’s acquiescence in the

continued use of weapons of mass
destruction is intolerable. ukuvuma noun
They were generally speaking apolitical
and acquiescent, or ready to defer to
authority. ukwamukela adjective

Learners read to gather information and

acquire new knowledge. thola verb

Dr. Krige obtained all his degrees at the

University of Pretoria. thola verb

Dr. Krige recently added a BCom degree to

his already obtained degrees. tholiwe adjective

Study at university is not merely the

acquisition of new knowledge; it is also
about developing certain values and
dispositions. ukumunca noun

The acquisition of a degree is an important

event in the life of any student. ukuthola noun

UNISA is an acronym for University of

South Africa. isifinyezo noun

University courses have to adapt to the

needs of the marketplace. ukuhlangabezana verb

The doctoral student must make

adaptations to his first chapter, because
certain aspects are not congruent with the
wording in his title. ukujwayela noun

After two weeks the student presented his

lecturer with an adapted version of his
first chapter. kushintshiwe adjective

Additional imports of American beef are

planned to meet rising demand. kwengeziwe adjective
This test is adequate for measuring
students' preparedness for studying
through medium of English. okwanele adj

This test is adequate for measuring

students’ preparedness for studying
through medium of English. kwanele adjective

In the course of researching customer

needs, it was discovered that few families
have adequate life insurance. kwanele adjective

The paint will adhere to any clean surface. namathela verb

A great statesman knows when to depart

from traditions and when to adhere to
them. landela verb

Educators must adjust to the

characteristics and learning needs of
students. melana verb

The doctoral student has to make

adjustments to her first chapter, because
certain aspects are not congruent with the
wording in her title. ushintsho noun

The examination was administered fairly. enza verb

The motor manufacturer admitted to

tampering with the carbon emission tests. vuma verb

It is to the advantage of all students if they

regularly review their lecture notes
instead of only looking at them shortly
before a test or exam. zuzisa noun
It is advantageous for a student to review
lecture notes regularly, as preparation for
the exam is less exhausting. zuzisayo adjective

She is an advocate for women's rights. khuluma verb

She is an advocate for women’s rights. ummeli noun

He advocates the training of farmers in

modern pest control methods. mmelela verb

The purity of the samples can significantly

affect the results of the experiment. thinta verb

The scale measures positive and negative

affect towards refugees. ukuthinteka noun

His affirmative answer to the question was

a great relief to all of us. ukuvuma adjective

Although the candidate succeeds in two of

his subjects, he fails in the aggregate. okuhlanganisiwe noun

The aggregate of all the changes made

radically changed the image of the
organisation. inani noun

The student union agitated for better

living conditions. ukulwa verb

A manual for mechanics will contain

different algorithms for different tasks. i-algorithm noun
adjective
algorithmic learning, methods i-algorithmical , adverb
When training inexperienced mechanics,
the algorithmisation of complex tasks is
essential for their skill development. i-algorithmisation noun

Oppenheimer (2015: 14) alleged that

Balmain (2010) contrived the results of his
research. sola verb

In his main argument, he alleges that the

symptoms of the patient are typical of
depression. mangalela verb

The alleged offence is said to have

happened on Friday night. mangalelwe adjective

The police are on the outlook for the

alleged murderer, but as yet have not
enough evidence to prove his guilt. omangelelwe adjective

Notice how the w-sound alliterates in: yenza

White is the world of old-fashioned woe ... ifanamsindo verb

In poetry alliteration occurs at the end but

also within lines of poetry. ifanamsindo noun

The w sound in the words WHITE and

WONDER is alliterative. kunefanamsindo adjective
Seats are allocated according to the
proportion of votes gained. aba verb

When choosing the best candidate for an

academic position, different weights are
allocated to aspects like academic
qualifications, research experience and
teaching ability. khetha verb
When choosing the best candidate for an
academic position, the allocation of
different weights to aspects like academic
qualifications, research experience and
teaching ability play an important role. ukukhethwa noun

It is only possible to allude briefly to the

conclusions that he has attained in
treating the various problems. thinta verb

Spencer makes frequent allusions to the izwi elibhekiswe

New World. kothile noun

The holocaust significantly altered the

course of history. shintsha verb

The effective student alternates hard work

with regular relaxation and enough hours
of sleep. shintshanisa verb

Most novelists alternate between dialogue

and description. shintsha verb

Brick-building patterns in alternating

straight and wavy lines lend a playful
character to walls. ukushintshana adjective

Meaningful alternation in teaching tasks

should alleviate the boredom that
lecturers sometimes experience in
teaching their subject. ukushintshana noun

You can write an essay; the alternative is

that you answer twenty short questions. okunye noun
The students have the choice of an
alternative assignment. ongakukhetha adjective

You must write a full-length essay;

alternatively you can answer 20 short
questions. kungenjalo adverb
The lecturer clarified any
misunderstandings and ambiguity by
giving individual feedback. ubumbaxambili noun

The lecturer clears up misunderstandings

and ambiguities through individual
feedback. ukungaqondakali noun

This statement is ambiguous, because it

can be interpreted in two different ways. okumbaxambili adj

Because of the ambivalence in his mind, ukungqubuzana

he cannot make a decision on the matter. kwemibono noun

I feel ambivalent about the matter,

because I understand the positive and the
negative aspects of it. People do not ukuba
always understand my ambivalent nokungqubuzana adjective
feelings. kwemibono , adverb

The agreement was amended to apply

only to senior members. chibiyela verb

Researchers amend their initial

hypotheses if their experiments refute
them. lungisa verb

It’s an anachronism when a soldier in a iphutha

WWII film talks to his fiancé on his ekunembeni
cellphone. kwesikhathi noun

The soldier’s cellphone conversation in the

film about World War II is anachronistic. kunephutha
Such an anachronistic scene detracts from ekunembeni
the authenticity of the events. kwesikhathi adjective

The functions of the human heart and

those of a pump prove to be analogous to
each other. They perform analogous
functions. ukufana adjective
One may find analogies with one’s own
emotions and feelings in another person’s
poetry. ukufanana noun

There is an analogy between your own

emotions and the feelings expressed in
someone else’s poems. ukufana noun

The students must analyse a chemical

compound in order to identify it. hlaziya verb

You analyse a text if you examine its parts

separately. hlaziya verb

Your thinking is analytical if you prefer to

analyse separate parts.` hluzekile adjective

The speaker has an anecdotal style, adjective

because he loves anecdotes. ukulandisa , adverb

The famous speaker alternates his serious

argument with anecdotes from his life. indatshana noun

The annual income of a top CEO in South

Africa is more than one million rand. kwangonyaka adj

The Modern Scientist is an annual which

appears in December every year. unyakanye noun

Modern Scientist is an annual published in

December. minyaka yonke noun

She’ll be getting her annual pay increase

this month. kanye ngonyaka adjective

With his introverted nature, he was an

anomaly in his exuberant family. into ejwayelekile noun
Anthropological studies today focus on all
types of communities and use, among okwesayensi
others, qualitative research to verify yokuhlalisana
findings. kwabantu adjective

Anthropology is a global discipline today,

while earlier it was more limited to
Europe. There are branches such as isayensi
biological, cultural, linguistic and social yokuhlalisana
anthropology. kwabantu noun

The results are not as favourable as

anticipated. lindela verb

Using textual clues, a good reader

anticipates what will happen later in the
text and then formulates hypotheses. lindlela verb

The strategic reader reads anticipatingly as

she formulates hypotheses using the
available text clues. ngokulindela adverb

Anticipation of what happens next in the

text is accompanied by hypotheses based
on the available text clues. ukulindela noun

The anticipatory reading action is very ukuveza

effective. ukulindela adjective

BACK is the antonym of FRONT. umqondofana noun

It is apparent that many users of African
languages seem to prefer being educated
in English because of the perceived
benefits that still accompany the
language. kuyacace adj

The discomfort of the young researcher

was apparent, because he began to blush
when the journalist approached him. okubonakalayo adjective

He made an appeal to the court to shorten

his sentence. ukwedlulisa isinqumo noun

The student appealed to the council

against the decision to expel him. dlulisa isinqumo verb

Disagreements can only be resolved if we

appeal to principles of justice. landela verb

The teachers’ union appealed for

programmes at all schools to teach
learners to swim. isicelo verb
The appeal of his argument lies in its
simplicity. umthelela noun

Dlamini (2015) appears to support a

federal system. bukeka verb

Dr. Manzini’s article appeared in an

academic journal. vela verb

The appearance of the research article in

one of the leading journals has already
sparked a lively debate. ukuvela noun

The aerial maps were appended to the

assignment. namathisela verb
The detailed budget papers are included in
the appendix of the proposal. okunanyathiselwe noun

Smith suggested the applicability of

Berger’s method to the inter-
communication of ships at sea. ukusebenza noun

Whilst this principle is

undoubtedly applicable to the majority of
chemical actions under ordinary
conditions, it is subject to numerous
exceptions, and cannot therefore be taken
as a secure basis for theoretical reasoning. kuyasebenza adjective

Many researchers struggle with the

application of their theoretical principles
in practice. ukusebenzisa noun

Applied research is a challenge, because

theory and practice are not always
compatible. setshenzisiwe adjective

For many people, it is difficult to

practically apply abstract principles in
everyday life. sebenzisa verb

The appointment of the new Vice-Rector

was a big surprise to us. ukukhetha noun

The publication appreciates her abilities as

researcher. ncoma verb

A number of scholars have appreciated

the significance of the Bologna agreement
for the promotion of multilingualism. ncoma verb

The value of property in the area has

appreciated by 10 per cent over the past
three years. enyuka verb
The publication appreciates her abilities as
researcher. ukwazisa verb

The post-modern approach is to view a

work of literary art from different
perspectives. indlela verb

He followed a qualitative approach in his

research. indlela noun

Peter’s approach to his studies is sober,

because he knows he has to work hard to
succeed. indlela noun

She gave the appropriate response to the

difficult question. okufanele adj

The supervisor was suspended for

appropriating data gathered by his
doctoral student. hlwitha verb

Thematic appropriateness of word choice

is an important requirement in academic
writing. ukufaneleka noun

His method for determining approximate

values of the roots of equations is identical
in principle with the methods of Sir Isaac
Newton. thola isilinganiso verb

Her singing approximated the singing of

the diva, but lacked star quality. linganisa verb

The architect approximates the cost of his

design at about R150 000. ukulinganisela verb

The approximated annual study cost of a

student is R80 000. kulinganiselwe adjective

The room is approximately twelve square

meters – exact dimensions are not
available. cishe adv
A fair approximation of the relative price
would be about R90. ukulinganisela noun

The architect’s approximation is that the

project will cost about R150 000. ukulinganisela noun

Their reasons for appointing him as

captain seemed to be completely arbitrary
since he had never excelled at the sport. nokuchema adj

My father had to get an arbitrator to

arbitrate so he and his neighbour could
settle their dispute. ukulamula verb

The arbitrated settlement resulted in the

acceptance of the new contract between
my father and his neighbour. kulanyuliwe adjective

The arbitrator in the wage dispute case

should look at both employee’s and
employer’s arguments as objectively as
possible. umlamuli noun

Her area of expertise include linguistics,

morphology and semantics. indawo noun

Her area of expertise includes linguistics,

morphology and semantics. indawo noun

He argued that South Africa should stop

selling power to neighbouring countries
because it was facing massive shortages
within the country. beka uvo verb
The speaker argues that poverty is one of
the most important causes of crime. bonisana verb

She argues in such a way that everyone

can easily follow her line of reasoning. bonisana verb

In her paper she develops a coherent

argument in which she thoroughly
supports the facts. impikiswano noun

For argument’s sake, let’s think about the

possibility that global warming is not going
to be a global crisis. umbono noun

I always follow her line of argumentation

easily, because her statements logically
follow one another with clear links and
ample evidence. impikiswano noun

His argument convinced me thanks to the

evidence he supplied for his statements. impikiswano noun

In an argumentative essay you have to

adopt a firm line of reasoning for or
against a case. okulandayo adj

The famous pianist entertains the

audience as he transforms piano playing
into a true art. ubuciko noun

His artful performance at the piano

entertained the audience. ngobuciko adjective
Communication on social networks such
as Facebook is artificial because authentic akukona
personal contact is lacking. okungokoqobo adjective

Many people criticise the artificiality of

social networks like Facebook because
they prefer direct personal contact. ubuzenzisi noun
The room was decorated in an
artistic way. nobuciko adjective

His artistic performance at the piano

entertained the audience. nobuciko adjective

He was not an academic standout, but was

particularly artistic. nobuciko adjective

Michelangelo’s artistry can be seen in his

famous figures on the roof of the Sistine
chapel in Rome. ubuciko noun

The poem is ascribed to Chinua Achebe,

but some scholars believe it was written
by Wole Soyinka. nikela verb

He considered all aspects of the problem,

but could not find a solution. isimo noun

Drug abuse affects all aspects of a person’s

health and personality. umunxa noun

She took the television set apart and no

one could put it back together. hlanganisa verb

The group of plant biologists assemble

once every year. hlanganisa verb

The author of an academic article

assembles information from different
sources and integrates it into his article. ukuhlanganisa verb
The principal should give assent for the
research to be conducted in his school,
whereas learners should give consent for
the use of their responses. imvume noun

The test is used to assess the literacy

levels of students, in order to determine
those who are at risk or high risk of failure. hlola verb
He assessed the cost of building a new
laboratory. hlola verb

The Angolan student was assigned to

South Africa to represent her university. thunyelwa verb

The Angolan student was assigned to

South Africa to represent her university. khetha verb
The student has completed her first
assignment. umsebenzi noun

Students need time to assimilate new

concepts. mumatha verb

Pink Floyd uses assonance for effect in inkulumo

“Hear the lark and harken to the barking enomsindo
of the dark fox gone to ground”. ofanayo noun

Yeats assonates the o-sound in THAT yenza inkulumo

DOLPHIN-TORN, THAT GONG-TORMENTED enomsindo
SEA. ofanayo verb

It is a pleasure to listen to the assonated kuphindwe

sounds in Boerneef’s poems. imisindo efanayo adjective

It is reasonable to assume that the

problem has multiple causes. ukucabangela verb
He will assume the position of chairman
next week. qala verb

In her assumption that most motorcyclists

show criminal trends, she is guilty of gross
stereotyping and categorical thinking. ukuhlawumbisela noun

The atmosphere of inquiry and reflection

among first-year students is striking. umuzwa noun

Please attach a personal declaration of

responsibility for each assistant who works
on the project. namathisela verb

She is attached to the university satellite

campus in Mamelodi. sebenzela verb
Please find the reading list attached to this
email. namathelisiwe adjective

Please send the document as an

attachment via e-mail. okunanyathiselwe noun

They sought to attain their goals through

negotiation rather than violence. fezekisa verb

Attitudes are said to comprise a range of

feelings, either favourable or unfavourable
toward an object, a person, an issue or
behaviour. isimo somqondo noun

The person with a positive attitude will

eventually achieve success. isimo sengqondo noun

Students attribute their failure in exams to

causes beyond their control, such as bad
luck. ukusho verb

Some scholars attribute the book to Zakes

Mda. khomba verb

She has all the attributes of a great leader

– patience, intelligence and diligence. amava noun
The writing style of the person committing
plagiarism is not authentic. ngokoqobo adjective

If a student commits plagiarism, the

authenticity of his assignment is ukuba
questionable. okungokoqobo noun
The officers are authorised to inspect the
charitable children’s institution. gunyaza verb

A debit order is when the customer enters

into an agreement with a third party and
the latter is then authorised to debit the
customer’s account. gunyaza verb

Making use of authoritative texts in one’s

research has the purpose of providing
evidence on certain issues in the ngokunamandla;
construction of an argument. ngokugunya adj

The authoritative views of Stephen

Hawking are generally accepted by other
scientists. onegunya adjective

Gerald Schroeder talks authoritatively on

the topic of the Bible and the Big Bang. ngokunegunya adverb

The social worker has the authority to

remove the children from their abusive
home. amandla; igunya noun

The author’s authority is evident in his

statements about the Bible and the Big
Bang. ingcweti noun
She is an authority in the field of … ingcweti noun

In an autocracy, the leader of the country uhulumeni

holds all power in his own hands, which womuntu
means he does not tolerate opposition. oyedwa noun
In certain countries in Africa and the
Middle East, the mode of government is
strictly autocratic, with relentless umbuso
suppression of any signs of rebellion. wobushiqela adjective

Graduate students are expected to have

more autonomous thinking skills than adjective
undergraduate students. ngokuzimela , adverb

Greater autonomy is expected of

postgraduate students than
undergraduate. ukuzimela noun

Students often complain about the

availability of prescribed textbooks at the
beginning of the year. ukutholakala noun

A class of 6 students’ final exam marks

are: 82, 77, 66, 6, 57 and 44. The average
of these is 64.33. This is calculated by
dividing the total of the marks (386) by the
number of students (6). isilinganiso noun

Many students are awarded grants for

further study. umvuzo verb

A number of promising students receive

awards each year from the University. umvuzo noun

Two of the awarded bursaries had to be

returned because the students concerned
dropped out of the system. nikezwe umvuzo adjective

Supporting views by backing them up with

well-formulated arguments is an academic
convention. ukusekela verb

The balance of opinion lies with the

moderate thinkers. ibhalansi noun
This research design was based on a
survey questionnaire with a valid response
from 70 experts. susela verb
The researcher based his point of view on
good arguments. susela verb

I base my view of democracy on the

characteristics of open conversation. kususelwe verb
My statements are based upon thorough
research. kususelwe verb

The company hires people based on their

experience. umbandela noun
Mutual respect is the basis of a good
relationship. isisekelo noun

The basis of any democracy is the open

discussion that all parties participate in. isisekelo noun
The lecture will begin at 11:00. qalisa verb
Man is supposed to be a reasonable being
who can make moral decisions. into noun

The company’s health and wellness

programme sets a benchmark for other
automotive companies in South Africa. into eyisibonelo noun

We have to benchmark our research

against other universities, both nationally
and internationally. kala verb

It is to the benefit of all students if they

regularly review their lecture notes
instead of looking at them shortly before a
test or exam. inzuzo noun

Students who regularly review their

lecture notes benefit from the process,
because they are better prepared for class
tests and the final exam. zuza kokuthile verb
A response bias is expected when
respondents tend to answer all questions
in the same direction by consciously or
unconsciously misrepresenting the truth. ukuchema noun
He showed a bias toward older
employees. ukuchema noun

He showed a bias toward older

employees. ukuchema noun

He is too biased to give an objective

opinion about the incident. okuchemile adj

The student arranged the bibliographic

details in her essay according to academic
guidelines. isizinda sabantu adjective

Authors must ensure that the sources they

refer to in the text are all included in the uhlu
bibliography. oluningiliziwe noun

We understand many things only within

binary opposites, for example white versus
black, male versus female, above versus
below, outside versus inside. kanambambili adjective

Staff should be briefed on how to use

media enquiries. azisa verb

She made a brief working visit to Japan. okufushane adj

Staff should be informed on how to handle

media inquiries. iziqondiso verb
She made a brief working visit to Japan. kafushane adjective

People of peasant status constituted the

bulk of the European population. inqwaba noun

Calculate the volume of a cylinder. bala verb

His words were calculated to hurt her. hlela verb

He is a shrewd and calculating politician. ukucabangela adjective

The figure was reduced to R283 million

following further calculations. ukulinganisela noun

Angle adjustment is via a butterfly nut on

a calibrated gauge. linganiselwe adjective

The team is said to be capable of playing

with flair. ukukwazi adj

People have the capacity to participate in

the process of determining their future. amandla noun

The painting becomes a caricatural

emphasis of the contradiction. ongupopayi adjective

The group portrays the ubiquitous tourist,

the armed robber, the talkative street
hawker and the proud car-watcher, all in
caricature. upopayi noun

Students must carry out four writing

assignments and one research project for
their year mark. ukwenza verb

Use the online library catalogue to find

library books on the shelves. ikhathalogi noun
A number of horses have been catalogued
in the horses-in-training section. bhala uhla verb

Lecturers like it when students categorise

their seminar content. Others, however,
do not like a categorical organisation of adjective
content. ngokwezigaba , adverb

Our lecturer can be very categorical in his

statements. ngokuqondile adjective

The person who thinks categorically deals

with alternative views poorly and thus
often makes the assumption that others adjective
think just like him. ngokuqondile , adverb

In the study of sentence construction,

words are categorised into different word
types. ukuhlela verb

Authors can submit books in different

categories for adjudication. isigaba noun

Many laws of science are in the form of

the ordinary belief that a particular causal
circumstance necessitates a particular
effect. imbangela adjective

Causality is clear in the following

argument: He has measles; as a result, he
will have to write the test later. imbangela noun

Further coherence is created through the

suggestion of causality: The minister is ill
so he has to be carried. imbangela noun

The judge cast doubt on the causative

effect of the misrepresentation. ukuba imbangela adjective
A tornado is a twisting dark cloud of wind
which causes major destruction in a few
seconds. imbangela verb

She has caused the problem through her

own doing, because she revises her work
too irregularly. imbangela verb

The cause of the plane crash was human

fallibility. isisusa noun

if plants and animals didn't produce

offspring after their kind, they would cease
to exist, and everything in the world would
soon die. shabalala verb

Any society which ceases to develop

ceases to exist. ukuphela verb

The survivors of the Twin Towers attack on

September 9, 2001 can say with certainty
they faced death. ukuqiniseka noun

He made a direct challenge to her

authority. inselelo noun

He challenged her authority directly. inselele verb

Writing is the channel through which

students’ academic performance is
assessed. ishaneli noun

Websites use the internet as an interactive

communication channel to market
activities. umgudu noun

Character is not a static being but a

dynamic process of becoming. isimilo noun

Establish patterns in the writing of stories

concerning plot development and
characterisation. ukuba nesici noun
Strikes are characterised by high levels of
violence. yiba nokuthile verb

Aunt Dolly and her loyal Swingsters had

the audience dancing and swinging their
heads in response to the jivy beat sounds
that characterise the group’s style. lingisa verb

The challenge is to undergo what some

would characterise as a transition from
conflict to reconstruction and
development. phawula verb

Discuss the characteristics of the air

pollution found in Mpumalanga. isici noun

The paintings in this section of the art

gallery are all characteristic of the Baroque
style. isici adjective

Charts, tables, data from media,

newspaper articles and debates are tools
and techniques that are often used in
teaching practice. ishadi noun

The longitudinal study allowed him to

chart trends over time. landela verb

Exercises incorporated in the chart include

stretch movements. ishadi noun

The conference hopes to chart a way

forward to ensure greater understanding
between government and business. yenza ishadi verb

The documentary is precise in giving a ngokulandelana

chronological account of Sisulu’s life after kwezikhathi
his release from Robben Island. zenzakalo adjective
Computer-assisted studies of style have
often attempted to settle questions of ukulandelana
chronology in the work of authors whose kwezikhathi
works are undated. zezenzakalo noun

While very young children can

differentiate the past from the present,
many have considerable difficulty in ukulandelana
differentiating between two periods in the kwezenzakalo
past, or giving precision to the concept of ngokwenzeka
chronology. kwazo noun

He died circa 1890, but the specific date is

not known. cishe adjective
The circumstances surrounding his death
were investigated. isimo noun

Politics and economics are elements of an

integrated and mutually reinforcing set of
circumstances which must be addressed
together. isimo noun

A citation in academic writing functions as

a call on authority. okucashuniwe noun

Most citations in scholarly journals are to

scholarly papers, and citations to popular
works are rare. ukucashunwa noun

When researchers present their findings, it

is customary to cite the sources they were
able to draw upon. caphuna verb

Lecturers expect students at postgraduate

level to know how to cite sources
correctly. caphuna verb
The cited words of an author must be in
quotation marks. okucashuniwe adjective

They received complaints from the civil

community. komphakathi adj

The abbreviations and items in the text

that require further clarification are found
in the endnotes. ukucacisa noun

The literature review can provide the

necessary information to clarify one’s
research aims. cacisa verb

Dr. Koopman clarifies the theoretical

concepts in her lectures in such a way that
they are clearly understood by her
students. cacisa verb

Dr. Koopman’s special lecture was so

clarifying that I finally understood all the
theoretical principles. Her clarifying notes
also help a lot. ukucaczisa adjective

For the sake of clarity, the topics will be

discussed in detail and examples will be
given. incaciso noun

The clarity with which Lechte explains

difficult psychological principles makes
Julia Kristeva’s work more accessible. ukucaca noun

Dr. Mohapi will always reformulate a

definition for the sake of clarity so that
everyone can understand it. ukucacisa noun

The book, first published in 1934, became

a classic text. okungasoze kwabuna adj
Shakespeare, Vondel, Goethe and Schiller
are among the classic writers of their
century. okwakudala adjective

Classicism is a style that is associated with

German poets like Goethe and Schiller. I-Classicism noun

The classicist George Chapman undertook

one of the best translations of the Iliad
into English. i-classicist noun

In ornaments and furniture excavated in

Pompeii, one sees classic trends such as
strict, symmetrical and precise lines. i-classicist adjective

The lecturer brought the world of the

Classics to life with her lectures. Okwakudala noun

Novels are classified according to their

genre. beka ngononina verb

Dr. Seakhoa makes a clear distinction

between moral, immoral and a-moral
actions. cacile adjective

It is clear that children’s attention span is

getting shorter. cacile adjective
Dr. Seakhoa always introduces new
concepts to students so that they can
clearly understand them. ngokucacile adverb

Politicians are best known for their use of

clichés, such as WE HAVE COME A LONG
WAY and TOGETHER WE WILL BUILD THE inkulumo
FUTURE. evamile noun

Politicians are best known for their cliché- kufana

like language in phrases such as AT THE nenkulumo
END OF THE DAY and TIME TO CHANGE. evamile adjective

The lives of book characters will give the

reader a clue of the writer's own life story. isithombe noun

The life of a book character may give the

reader a clue of the author’s own life
story. umkhondo noun

The good reader is like a detective looking

for every possible textual clue to fill in the
natural gaps in texts. umkhondo noun

The Economics Department cooperates

with the Computer Science Department
on all their large projects. bambisana verb

Students have to follow the university's

code of conduct. ikhodi noun

The data was coded by using a set of

predetermined categories. fihla verb

Students have to follow the university’s

code of conduct. ikhodi noun

The data was coded by using a set of

predetermined categories. ikhodi verb
She had cogent reasons for continuing
with her research and so the university
agreed to support her. okuhlakaniphile adj

The body, emotions and cognition cannot

be separated in the expressive mode of
the performance of poetry. ukuqonda noun

Cognition includes analytical and holistic

thinking. ukuqonda noun

You will not find cognitive laziness in a

responsible student who is thinking
critically about subject content. ngokwengqondo adjective
If you are cognitively lazy, you do not want
to think. ngokuqonda adverb

This ancient manuscript consists of various

parts that cohere so poorly that one might
assume that it was written by different
authors. hambisana verb

The coherence in this ancient text is so

poor that one can assume that it was
written by different authors. ukuhambisana noun

A well-thought-out text always forms a

coherent whole. kunengqondo adjective

Because this ancient text is not at all

coherent, one can assume that it was
written by different authors. okuzwakalayo adj

The speaker’s content was not presented

coherently. As a result, the audience
completely missed the point of her
speech. kunengqondo adverb
It is important that there is cohesion
between sentences and paragraphs in a
text, but overall coherence is also
important in order for the text to make
sense at the macro level. ukuhlangana noun

The reign of Alexander coincided with the

golden age of Russian literature. hambisana verb

Their test answers coincided, thus the

lecturer thought that they might have
cheated. qondana verb

He collapsed on the ground due to a heart

attack. yiwa verb

The collapse of the country’s economy led

to the revolution. ukuwa noun

In 2016, Human & Rousseau published the

Collected Works of Eugene Marais in two
volumes. qoqiwe adjective

The museum houses a collection of Stone

Age tools. ukuqoqwa noun

The Social Work Department is hosting a

colloquium next week where invited
speakers will talk about urbanisation. isithangami noun

If you know who committed the crime,

please come forth. phumela sobala verb

Research may only commence from the

second week of February and must be
concluded before the beginning of the last
quarter of the academic year. qala verb
Would passengers kindly switch off their
cellphones before the commencement of
the flight. ukuqaliswa noun

An old man approached me and

commented about my resemblance to the
Shabalalas he knew from his village. phawula verb

Comments on the website indicate

people's general dissatisfaction with
medical services in the province. ukuphawula noun

The number of unemployed people is a

comment on the health of the country’s
economy. ukuphawula noun

Comments on the website indicate

people’s general dissatisfaction with
medical services in the province. amazwana noun

Lecturers making positive comments in

class usually motivate students to do their
best. By contrast, students are
demotivated by lecturers who make
negative remarks. amazwama noun

The Department appointed a commission

of inquiry into the alleged unfair dismissal
of two employees. ikhomishini noun

He was commissioned to investigate the

corruption in the company. yalela verb

The university has committed additional

funds to postgraduate bursaries. nikezela verb
Gold is a precious commodity to South
Africa. into ebalulekile noun

The Free State and Gauteng share a

common border. fanayo adjective

More and more people communicate via

Skype as a substitute for face to face
interaction. xhumana verb

The team studied kinship relations in the

community for a period of four years. umphakathi noun

The values within a community normally

influence the thinking of individuals within
that community. umphakathi noun

Protestantism and Roman Catholicism are

comparable, because both are an
outgrowth of the same Christian faith on
which one can base a comparison
between the two. qhathaniseka noun

Many comparative studies form part of adjective

the research. ukuqhathanisa , adverb

The researcher want to compare the

current findings with those of three years
ago. qhathanisa verb

Many researchers typically compare their

findings with those of their colleagues in
the same field. qhathanisa verb

In this essay you must make a comparison

of the earlier and later compositions of
Beethoven. ukuqhathanisa noun

The compatibility of two such divergent

schools of thought as positivism and
postmodernism is inconceivable. ukuhambisana noun
Their findings on the ecological impact of
fracking are compatible with those of
previous researchers. okuhambisanayo adj

The university compensated students for

the injuries they sustained when the lift in
the administration building fell one floor. nxephezela verb

The richness of the data compensated for

the small sample. mela verb

Managers need the competence to

develop global marketing strategies. ukuqonda noun

Study material must bear witness to a

logical compilation. ukuhlanganiswa noun

The researcher compiled a research report

after completing the study. hlanganisa/didiyela verb

The study material for Applied

Mathematics is compiled logically. hlanganisiwe adjective

Richard Yates was the compiler of the

short-story collection. umdidiyeli noun

A picture would be the perfect

complement to the text in explaining the
concept. into ebonakala kahle noun

The oral examination is designed to

complement the written examination. hambisana verb

Written assignments and formal

examinations complement each other well
as assessment methods. phelelisa verb
Assessment methods that are considered
complementary are written assignments,
oral performances, etc. kuyahambisana adjective

The series of lectures presented by the

lecturer forms a completed unit. qediwe adjective

The South African political problems are

too complex to solve in the blink of an
eye. nkimbinkimbi adjective

The complexity of South African society ukuba

causes enormous challenges. inkimbinkimbi noun

With too many explanations, one

complicates something that is really
simple. xaka verb

The primary components of sand are

minerals such as feldspars and quartz. isakhi noun

A compound of sleep and good eating

habits are essential for good health. ingxube noun

Entropy is a complex concept that is

difficult to comprehend. qonda verb

She did a comprehensive study on the

emotional bond between pets and people. okubanzi adj

Professor O’Connel is popular because of adjective

his comprehensive lecture style. okuphelele , adverb

She will be working on her doctorate for a

long time due to the comprehensiveness
of her subject. ukujula noun

Solar radiation comprises a range of

wavelengths. qukatha verb
This study comprises so many disciplines
that we will have to work across subject
boundaries. kuhlanganisa verb
The course is comprised of ten core
modules. kuhlanganisa verb

It was the task of the project manager to

compute the total price of the project. ukubla verb

The mining project was originally

conceived in 1905. akheka verb

It is very difficult to conceive of modern

life without access to the internet. cabanga verb

Hand soap, soft drinks and liquid medicine

are concentrated solutions commonly yenza kube ngamanzi
found in the household. aqinile verb

The medical research laboratory is

concentrating all its efforts on developing
a vaccine for TB. nqwabelana verb

Due to her illness she was unable to

concentrate on anything. gxila verb

Hand soap, soft drinks and liquid medicine

are concentrated solutions commonly
found in the household.

I struggle to understand the concept of

evolution. umqondo noun

Leonardo da Vinci presented his concept

of an airplane in sketch form. umbono noun

Conceptual learning is related to

constructive thinking. umqondo adjective

Conceptual understanding is dependent adjective

on concrete representations. ngokombono , adverb
Leonardo da Vinci presented his
conceptualisation of an airplane in sketch ukwakha
form. umqondo noun

Leonardo da Vinci conceptualised the

flying machine and then presented it in ukwenza
concrete form. ukuqonda verb

Avoid long, complex sentences and

repetition to keep your writing concise. okufingqiwe adj

Conciseness is one of the most important

skills of academic writers. ukufushanisa noun

In the article he concludes that it is

possible for poor countries to curb the
spread of HIV. phetha verb

They followed up every possible lead and

concluded the investigation after three
years. qedela verb

The student concludes his argument

skillfully with a logical deduction. phetha verb

The judge has reached a conclusion and

will deliver her verdict next week. isiphetho noun

The anecdotal conclusion of his lecture

was greeted with loud applause. isiphetho noun

The conclusion of a dissertation requires

nerves of steel because there is so much
detail to be finally checked. isiphetho noun

In consequence of his poor class

attendance and incomplete class mark, I
have arrived at the conclusion that he is
not interested in study or may be
struggling with personal problems. isiphetho noun
Professor Mohapi is impressed with his
student’s essay in which the problem
statement is well motivated and the
student comes to a clear conclusion of his
argument. isiphetho noun

Without concrete thinking, full

understanding of many academic words is adjective
impossible. okwethenjwayo , adverb

Students must concretise concepts using ukwenza kube

examples. okunobufakazi verb

We concur with the decision. vumelana verb

The artist’s work was displayed in three

concurrent exhibits. ngasikhathi sinye adj

The international community condemned

the acts of violence in the country. gxeka verb

One can easily condemn the actions of

others without regard to their
circumstances. ukulahla verb

The university conducted a survey into

student responses to the newly
implemented fee structure. enza verb

There is growing criticism of the conduct

of the pharmaceutical companies in the
Third World. ukuziphatha noun

The two judges conferred with each other

and agreed that the man should be
sentenced to life in prison. hlangana verb
A doctorate in engineering was conferred
on him in 1998. thwesa verb
A doctorate in engineering was conferred
on him in 2019. nikeza verb

Reading problems are not confined to

school dropouts. ukubekwa verb

Health officials have confined the foot and

mouth epidemic to Kwazulu-Natal. gcina verb

Two firefighters managed to confine the

fire to the living room. vimbela verb

Further genetic tests confirmed the

diagnosis. qinisekisa verb

The official confirmation of prof.

Schroeder’s appointment as dean was not
a surprise to us. ukuqinisekisa noun

Confirmation of your statements by citing

facts and examples is essential if you want
to convince people. ukuqinisekisa noun

These results conflict with earlier findings. shayisana verb

Managing and resolving conflicts over

natural resources may define global peace
and security in the 21st century. ingxabano noun

Some students feel the pressure to

conform and not to be different. ukufana verb

New drugs must conform to the standards

of the Medical Research Council. hambisana verb

Students often tend to conform about

dress and hairstyle, because they want to
feel like they are part of the group. vumelana verb
Conforming behaviour is typical in young
people. vumelana adjective

In a community there is always a certain

degree of conformity to the norms of a
particular system. ukuvumelana noun

In a well-designed academic text, there is

always thematic congruence between all
the parts of the text. ukuhlangana noun

Students who plan their academic essay

well will ensure that the title is congruent
with the introduction and conclusion. ukuhlangana adjective

In a well-thought-out academic text, all

the parts are thematically congruent,
because everything is relevant to the
student’s theme. ukuhlangana adjective

A conjunction connects two main

sentences or a main sentence and a
clause. ukuhlanganisa verb

In his dissertation he attempted to

connect the economic and cultural
dimensions. xhumana verb

Experienced students know how to

connect the content of the lecture to the
theory. xhumanisa verb

Experienced lecturers know lecture

content and subject principles are
connected to each other. kuxhunyanisiwe adjective

A clumsy writing style is often caused by

the absence of linking words or connecting
phrases. ukuxhumanisa adjective

An experienced lecturer frequently

stresses the connecting of facts with
subject principles. ukuhlangana noun
Experienced lecturers always indicate in
their lectures the connection between
lecture content and broad subject
principles. uxhumano noun

The connection between the main

sentence and the clause is established by a
conjunction. uxhumano noun

Words have a cultural and emotional

meaning or connotation, in addition to
their literal meaning or denotation. incazelo noun

The connotative meaning of CAT in our

house is woolly angel. okusikiselwayo adjective

A consensual agreement was reached

between the struggling academics to
better manage resources in the future. ukuvumelana adjective

There is no consensus among scientists on

the causes of breast cancer. isivumelwano noun

Since she is of age, her parents do not

have to consent on her behalf. vuma verb

You have to obtain informed consent from

the respondents before the empirical part
of the research can commence. imvume noun

By common consent, the board decided to

ban rock music from the campus. imvume noun

An immediate consequence of the Cold

War in Russia was that military spending
was cut dramatically and quickly. umphumela noun
Rainforest destruction, and the
consequent damage to the environment
are now of primary concern in Central
Africa. ngemuva kwalokho adj

After the open discussion between the

lecturer and her students, she does
consider some of their suggestions. bheka verb
How do you consider this problem? cabangela verb
He was on study leave for a considerable
time. isikhathi eside adjective

They received a considerable amount of

money from the company to fund the
project. okubanzi adj

Our wise professor always gives his

considered opinion only after deep
thought. kucatshangelwe adjective

Porcelain consists primarily of clays,

feldspar or flint, and silica. ukwakhiwa verb

Porcelain consists primarily of clays,

feldspar or flint, and silica. qukethe verb

Temperament can be described as the

general consistency with which an
individual reacts to certain situations. into efanayo noun

The lump had a rubbery consistency. okuqinile noun

Academic essays must attest to

consistency regarding style and
presentation. okungashintshi noun

The results of the research are consistent

with the hypothesis. okuvumelanayo adj

Government departments must be

consistent in what they communicate. ukuhambisana adj
The lecturer assesses his students’
assignments in a consistent manner,
because he consistently works with the adjective
same assessment criteria. ukungashintshi , adverb

The lecturer’s constant encouragement

motivate the students to succeed. okungaguqukiyo adj

In the world of business the only constant

is a drive for profit. ukuqina idolo noun

Reading comprises of various constituents,

such as basic decoding of information as
well as comprehension. ingxenye noun

Mrs. Motsa is one of six constituent

members of the organisation. abamele adjective

The liver, kidneys and heart are only three

constituent components of the larger
human body. ingxenye adjective

The nine provinces constitute the Republic

of South Africa. yenza verb

His whole idea is that if vicious people are

united and constitute power, then honest
folk must do the same. yenza verb

The chair constitutes a meeting so that

urgent matters can be discussed. qalisa verb

The constitution of an organisation

provides guidelines to members on how to umthethosisekel
manage it. o noun

The study is constrained by time and

financial resources. vimbela verb
The houses were constructed of stone and
mud brick. akha verb
Charlotte constructed her theory from
personal experience and research. akha verb

Race is largely a social construct

influenced by social conditioning. isakhiwo noun

You can construct the outlines of a house

by using four pieces of wood of the same
length. yakha verb

Man constructs meaning together with

other people within a specific context. yakha verb

The ancient Greek construct of democracy

differs widely from today’s. yakha noun

Khulani constructed his theory from

personal experience and research. yakha verb

Meaning is, to a large extent, a jointly

constructed concept. kwakhiwe adjective

The builders erected a huge construction

in the last four months. isakhiwo noun

Students always learn a lot from prof.

Cunningham’s constructive comments at adjective
the bottom of their assignments. wusizo , adverb

Constructivism is a theory that can be

used in teaching and learning foreign ukwakheka
languages. [constructivism] noun

The reading act is a constructivist act

because the reader’s context determines
the meaning of the text that has been umakhi
read. [constructivist] adjective

She will consult a dictionary to check the

spelling of the words. bheka verb
Students are encouraged to consult with
lecturers during consultation hours. bonisana verb

Students must consult the texts of various

experts in the library before attempting
their essays. bheka verb
The dying of fabrics consumes large
quantities of water. yidla verb

Contemporary landscape artists have

discarded the idea of a pretty picture in
favour of a work of art that expresses
social commentary. kwesimanjemanje adj

Pop culture is contemporary in nature. kwesimanje adjective

The introductory chapter of a dissertation

has to describe the context within which
the research is situated. umongo noun

"Funny" can mean "strange" or "amusing",

depending on the context. umqondo noun

The same word can mean different things

depending on the context. umongo noun

Constructivism is a school of thought that

does not regard knowledge as unchanging
truth but as contextual, i.e. as determined
by communities within context. umongo noun

A contextual approach to problem solving

is essential, especially where groups with adjective
diverse views are involved. nomongo , adverb
To understand the poem, you have to
contextualise it in die Soweto of the mid- ukwenza ukube
1970s. umongo verb

The contract stipulates that the work must

be completed within three months. inkontileka noun

The carpenter was contracted to do the

work on the eastern side of the
quadrangle by 30 November 1443. nika inkontileka verb

There is an unspoken social contract

between all people. isivumelwano noun

The carpenter was contracted to do the

work on the eastern side of the building. isivumelwano verb

The university annually contracts a

number of contract lecturers to reduce
the teaching burden. ikhontilaki verb

The parties are contractually obliged to adjective

submit a financial report annually. ngokwenkontilaki , adverb

A statement he makes in a recent article

contradicts a claim he made in an article
published five years ago. shayisana verb

The vice president's statement contradicts

the facts uncovered by journalists. phikisana verb

A statement he makes in a recent article

contradicts a claim he made in an article
published five years ago.

The vice president’s statement contradicts

the facts uncovered by journalists. phikisa verb
You contradict yourself when you say you
accept violence and you believe in a
peaceful society. ukuphikisa verb

What a contradiction! The accused said

yesterday that the neighbour is the culprit
and today he says it’s the neighbour’s
wife. ukungqubuzana noun

His cold eyes are a contradiction of his

kind words. ukuphikisana noun

He is known everywhere for his

contradictory allegations. phikisanayo adjective

The contradictory look in his cold eyes

made his kind words seem false. phikisanayo adjective

He said that water contracts when it

freezes; on the contrary, it expands. okuphikisayo noun

There is a sense that this runs contrary to

the spirit of the agreement. okuphikisanayo noun

The two experts were not friendly to each

other – on the contrary, they were
shouting at each other. phambene noun

They did not believe his story, because

they have proof to the contrary. phambene noun

He said that water contracts when it

freezes – on the contrary, it expands. phambene noun

This idea is contrary to the general view

held by management. shayisana adj

In the play the happy life of a simple

working woman is contrasted with the
unhappy life of her wealthy employer. qhathanisa verb
Contrasts were observed between the two
products in terms of price, functionality
and durability. ukushayisana noun

The contrast between light and dark is

very clear. umehluko noun

The lecturer contrasts the two areas of

knowledge by describing their conflicting
characteristics. umehluko verb

Silence and noise form a contrast. umehluko noun

adjective
Grief and joy are contrasting emotions. kuhlukile , adverb

The painter paints two contrasting faces –

a laughing face and one that looks sad. kuhlukile adjective

The medical company contributed three

crates of medicine to the new clinic. faka isandla verb

The professor contributed many important

articles to South Africa’s leading medical bamba iqhaza
journal. ngokubhala verb

Nuclear power is a controversial issue and

continues to elicit heated debates. okuyinzukazikeyi adj

Controversial topics such as cloning and

embryo freezing always cause intense
controversy, because these topics are
controversial even before people start
arguing about them. ukuphikisana adjective

Research on human cloning is often

controversial because it raises all kinds of
ethical issues. ukuphikisana adjective
As a result of the controversy with animal
testing more media attention has occurred
in terms of animal care in testing facilities. inzukazikeyi noun

The film about the Vietnam war has

sparked fierce controversy because of the
explicit scenes of sex and violence. impikiswano noun

As a result of the controversy, the media

paid even more attention to the care of
animals in testing facilities. impikiswano noun

Recent research on human cloning has

long been shrouded in controversy
because researchers disagree on its ethical
implications. impikiswano noun

There is a fierce controversy in the media

about the new government appointment. impikiswano noun

The AIDS conference convened in Durban

in May. hlangana verb

Modern art has broken away from indlela evamile

nineteenth century conventions. yokwenza izinto noun

Her strange lifestyle does not fit our ngendlela adjective

conventional way of doing things. evamile , adverb

Longitudinal lines converge at the poles

and are the farthest apart at the equator. hlangana verb

Their points of view converge when it

comes to poverty relief. hlangana verb
Their points of view converge when it
comes to poverty relief.
The reader’s divergent suggestions
eventually converge into one idea. iyahlangana verb

The convergence of so many railway lines

in such a small town is quite strange. ukuhlangana noun

A question to which there is only one

answer requires convergent thinking and adjective
thus forces you to answer convergently. ukuhlangana , adverb

The students like to converse with one

another in their own languages, even
though they all study in English. xoxa verb

It is generally believed that ... but the

converse is also true. inkulumo ephikisayo noun

Today it is easy to convert conventional

DVDs into blue-ray discs. guqula verb

Many Christians think that Charles Darwin

gave up believing his theory of evolution
and that he converted to Christianity
before he died. phendulwa verb

A neutron converts into a proton when an

electron is emitted. shintsha verb

She did not think she would do her

shopping online, but now she is a convert. ikholwa noun

She did not think she would do her

shopping online, but now she is a convert. shintsha noun
Solid evidence convinced him to believe in
her innocence. bonisa verb

Benjamin will have to coordinate his

diverse social activities with a systematic
study plan, otherwise his studies will
suffer. hlanganisa verb

Coordinated study and social activities are

the key to success. hlanganisiwe adjective

We all know how important the

coordination of extracurricular activities
and a study plan is for successful study. ukuhlanganisa noun
The core of engineering is problem-
solving. umongo noun

The two researchers’ findings do not

correlate with each other. hlobana verb

Certain verbs and nouns are correlates of

one another, such as BUMP, SCREAM and
WORK. hlanganisa noun

Research showed a clear correlation

between poverty and crime. ukuhlobana noun

The researcher wants to know if there is a

correlation between poverty and crime. ukuhlangana noun

There is a correlative relationship between

BUMP as a verb and BUMP as a noun. hlanganisa adjective

The witness’s story corresponds to what

can be seen on the video. hambisana verb
This paper undertakes an analysis into the
significance of jurisdiction over arbitration,
the counterplea and its adjudication. ukuphikisana noun

Government promised to create more

jobs. akha verb

Students who start reviewing shortly

before their final exams create endless
problems for themselves. dala verb

Creating a well-considered argument is

also an art. dala verb

It takes most students a long time to

create a coherent text in which they
formulate their ideas succinctly and
clearly. dala verb

The creation of a well-written and well-

considered argument is also, in a sense, a
form of art. ukudalwa noun

A well written academic paper can also be

seen as an artful creation. ukudalwa noun

The student is creative in formulating her

arguments. ubuciko adjective

Students often do not know the criteria

for an academic assignment. imfuneko noun

The performance management system

defines the criteria by which employees
are evaluated. indlela noun

It’s very easy to be critical of others’

mistakes but ignore your own. gxekayo adjective

The selectors appointed by the publisher

criticised some aspects of the novel, after
which the author reviewed her manuscript
and it was published. gxeka verb
He took the constructive criticism of his
wife to heart and made quite a few
adjustments in the novel. ukugxeka noun

Donations of food are crucial to the

survivors of the flood. okunqala adj

Video games are claimed to cultivate

violence in some children. tshala verb

It is possible to cultivate good habits with

those who do not yet practise them. hlakulela verb

The cultural significance of folk festivals

should not be underestimated. ngokwesiko adjective

Piercing of body parts is not a modern

phenomenon – it has been practiced by
ancient cultures. isiko noun

Khoi-San culture is still preserved in rock

paintings. isiko noun

The popular culture festival in

Johannesburg is drawing thousands of
visitors. isiko noun

The difference between the distinctive

culture of the Inuit and that of Western
civilisation can be clearly seen in their
eating habits, dress, educational methods
and religious practices. isiko noun

The South African currency unit is the

rand. imali noun

The word "braai" has gained currency

among English speakers. into eyemukelwe noun
The word BRAAI has gained currency
among English speakers. ukwanda noun

The curricular focus of schools differs. okufundwayo adjective

Teachers who are appointed to

curriculate, must have many years of
experience in teaching the subject. hlela verb

If you consider the Latin origins of CURRI-,

a curriculum is the figurative path that you
run to a certain goal with a particular uhlelo
subject content. lwemfundo noun

If you apply for a position, your application

must be accompanied by a full curriculum
vitae. i-curriculum vitae noun

The prize is awarded in four-year cycles –

this year it is awarded for autobiographies. isiyingi noun

They belong to the group of Protozoa,

which have a double cycle of existence: (I)
a sexual cycle in the body of the mosquito,
(2) an asexual cycle in the blood of human
beings isiyingi noun

The washing machine has a special cycle

for wool fabrics. umjikelezo noun

A questionnaire will be used to collect the

data. idatha noun

Today the Department of Social Security

will debate the provision of child support
grants. khulumisana verb
The debate about firearms dominated the
sitting of Parliament today. inkulumo noun

Today the Department of Social Security

will debate the provision of child support
grants. impikiswano verb

In my opinion the debate in Parliament

lacks reasonable thinking due to the inkulumo-
subjectivity of speakers’ arguments. ngxoxiswano noun

My friend makes himself unpopular

because he talks to people at parties in a
debating style when they just want social
talk. ukuphikisana adjective

She taught at the university for over a

decade. ishumiminyaka noun
She taught at the university for over a
decade. ikhulu leminyaka noun

When a body decides to decentralise, the

authority is transferred from the center to ukuhlukanisa
the periphery. ngezindawo verb

The number of new army recruits has

declined from 20 000 to 13 000 a year. yehla verb

There has been a decline in enthusiasm for

long-term research projects. ukwehla noun

Derrida believes that texts have no final

meaning, because texts are constantly
deconstructing themselves. hlaziya verb
Derrida, the French father of
deconstruction, rejects the notion that a
writer’s intent determines the meaning of
a text. ukuhlaziya noun

Derrida was considered one of the

greatest deconstructive thinkers of his
time. ukuhlaziya adjective

The population of the area has decreased

drastically. yehla verb

There is a clear decrease in his study time,

considering the time he spends on his
social life. ukuncipha noun

The value of the rand can be expected to

decrease when the economy slows down. nciphisa verb

The decree guaranteed freedom of speech umyalelo

for the media. osemthethweni noun

I would like to dedicate my first book to

my mother. nikela verb
He dedicated his life to justice for his
fellow human beings. nikela verb

Students often deduce a meaning from a

poem that was not intended and cannot
be motivated. susela verb

From her icy attitude he made the

deduction that she is angry with him. isiphetho noun

If 80% of teens participate in sports and

Alan is a teenager, one can conclude by
deduction that Alan is very likely to
participate in sports. ukubonisana noun
Taking into account his poor class
attendance and bad marks, the deduction
can be made that he is not interested in
study or may be struggling with personal
problems. isiphetho noun
ukufinyelela adjective
He uses a deductive approach. isiphetho , adverb

My opponent may be good, but I will

prove that I didn't ascend the ngokuzenzekelay
championship throne by default. o noun

The default option on my computer is to okuzenzakalelay

save my work every five minutes. o noun

She deferred her decision to a later date. hlehlisa verb

When asked about possible solutions he

deferred to the experts. dlulela verb

This diet is deficient in vitamin A and C. okushodayo adj

Scientific concepts are not always easily

definable. okuchazekayo adjective

In the introduction to your dissertation

you need to define core concepts. chaza verb

The postgraduate student used a technical

dictionary to define technical terms in his
study. chaza verb

It is important that the student first

properly describes the problem she is
investigating before beginning her
research. chaza verb

After the lecture most students

understand the defined concept much
better. kuchaziwe adjective
Research should be conducted according
to clearly defined guidelines. kuchaziwe adjective

The website offers no definite answers to

my questions about the software. ncamashi adj

All the great figures in history had definite

ideas and they also conveyed their views
in definitive language. qondile adjective

A training group is by definition a group

that participants join to learn something,
usually through experience. incazelo noun

After having deliberated for two hours,

the committee decided to support the
motion. xoxa verb

The police force made a deliberate

attempt at reducing crime in the area. ngenhloso adj

After having deliberated for two hours,

the committee decided to support the
motion. cabangisisa verb

After the open discussion between the

lecturer and his students, he deliberates
their suggestions. cabangisisa verb

The student deliberately committed

plagiarism and hoped the lecturer would
not see it. ngamabomu adverb

The calculated deliberateness of the

action was as shocking and surreal as the
first time he’d hit her. ngamabomu noun

To give time for raising funds and

deliberation, the property was re-let for a
year to the original purchaser. ukwethula noun
After considerable deliberation Rhodes
and Jameson concluded that they might
successfully intervene between Kruger
and the Uitlanders. ukucabangisisa noun

The best time to deliver a lecture is in the

morning, because after lunch it is often
hard to concentrate on your facts. nikeza verb

If you are under the delusion that only

your opinions are correct, it might be that
you do not properly reflect on your views. inkohliso noun
The study program demands commitment
from the student. dingeka verb

The figure below demonstrates the extent

to which the land became less arable. bonisa verb

She demonstrated her love for children by

volunteering at an orphanage. bonisa verb

In the training of inexperienced

mechanics, one has to demonstrate the
dismantling of, for example, a carburetor
in an algorithmic way. bonisa verb

She demonstrated her love for children by

volunteering at an orphanage. bonisa verb

Thanks to her concrete presentation,

everyone understands the demonstrated
principles better. kubonisiwe adjective

During the writing course, the author gave

a demonstration of some writing
techniques. umboniso noun

The denotation of DOG is: four-legged,

barking pet. isisho noun
The meaning of DOG as a four-legged
barking pet is denotative. okuchazayo adjective

On the periodic table the element sodium

is denoted by the symbol Na. bonisa verb

The acronym AIDS denotes Acquired

Immune Deficiency Syndrome. bonisa verb

Her writing is so dense that only other

experts in the field understand it. okucinene adj

The path became more indistinct with

each step, eventually coming to an end in
dense underbrush. okucinene adj

He denied that he cheated during the test. phika verb

The company denied responsibility for the

accident. chitha verb

Food aid usually depresses food prices in

the benefitting country. ehlisa verb
The answer was easily derivable from the
clues. okutholakalayo adjective

SINGING, SANG, SINGER and SONG were

formed by derivation from the word SING. ukutholakala noun

The word SINGER is a derivative of SING. umnyombo noun

The great problem for the Realists is how

to derive the individual from the universal. susela verb

Describe in detail how a solar-powered

geyser works. chaza verb
He obtained a full description of the man
and his vehicle and the license plate
number. incazelo noun

He obtained a complete description of the

man, his vehicle and its registration
number. incazelo noun

The lecturer asks the class: What would be

a common description of peer
assessment? incazelo noun

The descriptive parts in your book are

usually more convincing than the
philosophical parts. kuyachaza adjective

The new arts building has an art nouveau

design. umklamo noun

She submitted a number of designs for the

fashion show in September. umklamo noun

It was unclear whether the explosion was

an accident or whether it happened by
design. inhloso noun

The software engineers will design a text

to speech app for the new cell phone. klama verb

The syllabus was designed for the five-

year programme. hlela verb

The ability to design a proper research

plan is key to successful research. klama verb

She submitted a number of designs for the

fashion show. umklamo noun

There are serious gaps in the researcher’s

research design. umklamo noun
Designing a proper research plan is the
key to successful research. klama verb

It is evident that the academic essay was

written according to a well designed
scheme. kuklanyiwe adjective

The causes of the problem were set out in

a detailed account. okuningiliziwe adjective

The disease can be cured if it is detected

early. tholakala verb

It was not easy, but thanks to hard work,

determination, passion and perseverance,
I got it right. ukuzimisel noun

The judge handed down an interim

judgment ordering the state not to deport
the academic pending the final
determination of the case. ukunquma noun

The financial needs of students must be

determined. tholakala verb

If astronomers can determine the distance

between galaxies, humans will begin to
realise the enormity of the universe. nquma verb

The research team was able to point out

that the form of the land exercises a
determining influence on the climate of
the region. ukunquma adjective

The great emphasis on writing skills is to

the detriment of speaking skills. okulimazayo noun

The sprout developed into a flower. khula verb

The company developed a new system to

use less electricity. thuthuka verb
We developed interesting new ideas
during the group session. sungula verb
The seedling developed into a flowering
plant. ukukhula verb

Your are unable to further develop your

argument because you do not
systematically expound your thoughts. thuthukisa verb

The biggest challenge for students who

want to think in an academic way is to
develop other points of view. thuthukisa verb

If you want to think like an adult, the

biggest challenge is that you need to
develop the ability to respect the views of
others. thuthukisa verb

In the developed world, the percentage of

farmers dropped from more than 90
percent to 4 percent in the last two
centuries. thuthukisiwe adjective

In developing countries, many people

depend on subsistence farming. ukuthuthuka adjective

The Greek philosopher Socrates was

known for his development of critical
thinking in students. ukusungula noun

There is no development of an argument

in her essay, only the accumulation of
facts without a logical flow. intuthuko noun

a new urban development ukusungulwa noun

The plane was forced to deviate from its

usual route because of a storm. chezuka verb

The plane had to deviate from its usual

route due to a storm. phambuka verb
The deviation from the usual word order
results in the reader reading the sentence
with greater attention. ukuphambuka noun

Deviant behaviour patterns are often

found in drug addicts. ukuphambuka adjective

Internet access is now available on a

variety of hand-held devices. into noun

Internet access is available on a variety of

devices. idivayisi noun

The engineer devised a clever plan to save

the bridge from the flood waters. yenza isu verb

The strategic maneuvers devised by the

general caught the enemy's troops off
guard. hlela verb

Considerable artistry is asked for in the

devising of labyrinths and mazes. ukuhlela noun

He devoted himself to educating street

children. zinikele verb

The first part of the dean's speech was

devoted to explaining the university’s
language policy. gxila verb

The dean devoted the first part of his

speech to an explanation of the
university's language policy. nikela verb

The diagrams in the engineering textbook

made the work easier to understand. umdwebo noun
The book can be read as a long-
running dialectic between individualism
and communalism. ulimi lwesigodi noun

Writers of argumentative texts use a

dialectical style when they contradict one ngokolimi
another. lwesigodi adjective

It is oversimplification to dichotomise the

population of a country into opposing
poor and rich classes. hlukanisa verb

It is over-simplification to apply the

dichotomy of, for example, white and
black, right and wrong, concrete and
abstract, male and female to all situations
or people. ukuhlukaniswa noun

If you reason in terms of X versus Y, your

reasoning is dichotomous. ngokuhlukanisa adjective

The education department dictates many

things to schools. phoqelela verb

Her selection of research sites was

dictated by availability. phoqa verb

Our lecturer uses interesting didactic

techniques to keep our attention. okufundisayo adjective

All teachers had to take both general

didactics and subject didactics as a subject
during their training. okokufundisa noun

The third data set differed significantly

from the second. yehluka verb
They differed so strongly in their view of
the problem that they had to call in a
facilitator to help them solve the problem. ukwehluka verb

The difference between relevant and

irrelevant articles lies in the extent to
which the article fits in with the theme of
your assignment. umehluko noun

The two parties solve their problems in

different ways, because they approach
problems in different ways. umehluko adjective

In some countries tax law differentiates

between married and unmarried
individuals. hlukanisa verb

In some countries tax law differentiates

between married and unmarried
individuals.

A good reader differentiates between

relevant and irrelevant information in a
text. ukwehlukanisa verb

If you are looking for sources for your

assignment, you should be able to
distinguish between relevant and
irrelevant articles. ukwehlukanisa verb

Differentiated teaching accommodates

differences between learners in different
ways. kuhlukanisiwe adjective

Differentiation between relevant and

irrelevant textual information is an
essential reading skill. ukwehlukanisa noun

The facts about AIDS have been diffused

across rural Africa. sabalalisa verb
It is difficult for health workers to reach
the diffuse population in rural areas. okusabalele adj

The translation, which is diffuse, fails to

reproduce the spirit of the original. okungacacile adj

The facts about AIDS have been diffused

across rural Africa. sakaza verb

He found the feedback hard to digest. gwinya verb

He found the feedback difficult to digest. ukuzindla verb

The dimension of quality has not been

included in the evaluation instrument. ubuhlonze noun

The dimension of quality has not been

included in the evaluation instrument.

I’m going to bring my special glasses,

because the film is three-dimensional. ntathu adjective
What are the dimensions of a king-size
bed? isilinganiso noun

The capacity for the enjoyment of the

rights to life and human dignity is
significantly diminished by poor health. ncipha verb

One's ability to enjoy life is significantly

diminished by poor health. ukuncipha verb

Kant discerned an overall pattern in

human history. qonda verb
She contributed to the discourse on
liberalism in Africa. umqingo noun

In scientific discourse it is essential to give

hard facts and evidence. ulimi oluthile noun

Examples of discourse markers are words

such as CONSEQUENTLY, THEREFORE, ON
THE CONTRARY, SUCH, ABOVE, THIS,
SUBSEQUENTLY, FIRSTLY, FINALLY, omaka
INTRODUCTORY, etc. benkulumo noun

When one uses discourse reading, it is

immediately evident if the author has
used the necessary discourse markers to ukufunda
guide the reader through the text. kwenkulumo noun

The students do discourse reading to

determine the theme of the text and
determine how many broad thematic ukufunda
units it consists of. kwenkulumo noun

As I didn't want to be seen I walked a

dicrete distance behind her. kude adj

As I didn't want to be seen I walked a

discrete distance behind her. ngabonakali adjective

The research findings were discussed in

detail in his doctoral thesis. xoxa verb

The essay discusses the pros and cons of

euthanasia. khuluma verb

The discussed facts did not convince me. kuxoxiwe adjective

I listened to her discussion on the freedom
of the press with reference to the rights of
individuals. ingxoxo noun

When one has to solve complex problems,

it is important to be able to disentangle so
that you can also approach them
objectively from other perspectives. hlukanisa verb

For successful disentanglement, you need

to be able to look at an issue from the
point of view of others and really try to
understand it, especially if your point of
view differs from theirs. ukuhlukanisa noun

The security guards dispersed the angry

crowd outside the bank. hlakaza verb

The seeds of the dandelion are dispersed

by the wind. sabalalisa verb

The security guards dispersed the angry

crowd outside the building. hlakazeka verb

In her autobiography she writes about

having been displaced many times during
her school career. suswa verb

In her autobiography she writes about

having been displaced many times during
her school career.

Learners displayed their projects at the

science expo. bonisa verb
Learners displayed their projects at the
science expo.

Research has found that people are more

favourably disposed to people with
personalities similar to their own. ncika verb
Domestic waste is disposed of by
municipal services. lahla verb

The trust may not dispose of its assets

unless all the trustees are in support. dedela verb

The research claims that people are more

favourably disposed to those with similar
personalities. bhekana verb

If you study committed to your own study

timetable, you are the disposer of your
own future. umhleli noun

His disposition was to always see the good

in other people. ukwakheka noun
His disposition is to always see the good in
other people. isimo noun

The student who maintains a cheerful

disposition in spite of difficulties will
eventually achieve success. isimo noun

The two countries are involved in a

dispute. ingxabano noun

These matters are in dispute. banga verb

They do not dispute whether God exist,

but what he is. phika verb

These matters are in dispute. phikisana verb

When phoning the bank to confirm a

deposit, it is important to check whether it
was cheque or cash, requesting written
confirmation, as verbal assurances can be
disputed. ukuphikisa verb

If the two parties cannot resolve their

dispute soon, the case will eventually end
up in court. impikiswano noun
It is important for researchers to
disseminate their research results to the
broad research community. sakaza verb

The dissemination of research results is to

the benefit of the academic community. ukusakaza noun

An example of a dissertation is a Umbhalo

document that a postgraduate student wokuthweswa iziqu
writes to complete a master’s programme eziphakeme
or degree. (dissertation) noun

His fear dissipated when he met his

opponent face to face. saphazeka verb

His fear dissipated when he met his

opponent face to face. nciphisa verb

The marriage was dissolved in 1954. chithwa verb

The marriage was dissolved in 2019. phelisa verb

The distinct characteristics of the

diplodocus (a dinosaur) is described in this
chapter. okwehlukile adj

The professor had distinct ideas about

how a research project should be run. okwehlukile adj

The professor has distinct ideas about how

a research project should be run. qondile adjective

The distinct characteristics of the dinosaur

is described in this chapter. hlukile adjective

A distinction is made between written and

spoken language. umehluko ocace bha noun

My brother passed all his subjects with

distinction through sustained dedication
and discipline. umehluko noun
The lemon juice will give the dish a
distinctive flavour. okwehlukile adj

The lemon juice gives the dish a distinctive

flavour. hlukile adjective
The distinctive feature of iron oxide is its
red colour. kwehlukile adjective

They don't differ much from their peers in

what they do. This lack of distinctiveness
destroys their chance, as beginners, to
effectively make their mark. ukwehluka noun

Her face was distorted with anger as she

ran out of the room. shintsha verb

He was accused of distorting the facts in

his testimony. hlanekezela verb

The sound was distorted. hlanzekezela verb

Volunteers distributed food to the starving

victims of famine. aba verb

The seeds must be distributed evenly over

the flowerbed. sabalalisa verb

Volunteers distributed food to the starving

victims of famine. sabalalisa verb

The distributed food parcels came from

private donators. sabalalisiwe adjective

The food and clothes are collected for

distribution among the needy. ukusatshalaliswa noun
The food and clothes are collected for
distribution among the needy.

The path follows the course of the river for

a while, but diverges from the river in
order to head into town. yehluka verb
We used to work together, but at a certain
point our interests diverged and we had to
part company. hlukana verb

Certain assignments require the student

to diverge by considering alternative
possibilities as an answer. kwehluka verb

Her study will diverge into three related

branches. hluka verb

The results show that convergence

(consensus) dominates in corporate
spheres rather than divergence. ukwehluka noun

Certain class assignments require the adjective

student to think divergently. ukwehlukana , adverb
The region was occupied by many diverse
tribes. okwehlukene adj
The opinions of the members of the
committee are diverse. hlukahlukene adjective

Engineers came up with various solutions

to repair the bridge across the Vaal River. hlukahlukene adjective

There is a diversity of languages being

taught at the university. ukwehlukana noun

The diversity of schools of thought within

the same faculty is astounding. ukungafani noun

According to Marx the division between

rich and poor determined all other issues. ukwehlukana noun

According to Marx the division between

rich and poor determined all other issues. ukwahlukana noun

My purpose in this chapter will not be to

persuade the reader of any political
doctrine. imfundiso noun
In the Roman Catholic Church, the dogma
of Mary’s Immaculate Conception
demonstrates the overwhelming grace of
God. imfundiso noun

Dennett points out that it took more than

a century for Copernicus' 1543 doctrine
that Earth was not the centre of the
universe to be accepted. imfundiso noun

These documents will serve as proof in the

court case. idokhumenti noun

The phenomenon has been documented yenza ubufakazi

by various researchers. obuphathekayo verb

Jean Jacques Rousseau’s dogma of imfundiso

equality, freedom and fraternity still has a engenakuphikisw
very strong influence today. a noun

Traditional Christians dogmatically follow adjective

the doctrine of Christ’s virgin birth. ngenakuphikiswa , adverb

Jean Jacques Rousseau’s principle of

equality, freedom and fraternity is still
dogmatically followed in some countries adjective
today. ngenakuphikisa , adverb

The dogmatic pursuit of any ideology is adjective

dangerous and restrictive. ngenakuphikiswa , adverb
My brother’s dogmatic statements about
dress, eating habits and music scare kuya ngenkolelo
people off because he doesn't tolerate engenakuphikisw adjective
opinions other than his own. a , adverb

His offensive dogmatisations annoy ukwenza kube

everyone, because he firmly believes in inkolelo
the truth of his own unproven statements engenakuphikisw
and does not heed anyone else’s opinions. a noun

Centuries ago, Jean Jacques Rousseau

dogmatised that the principle of equality,
freedom and fraternity is the only valid ukwamukela
truth. njengenkolelo verb

The less we dogmatise about religion, the

less we will be influenced by second-rate
commentaries. ukufundisa verb

Based on his research, the domain of

epidemic diseases of plants was opened
up to investigation. umunxa noun

It was important to France to dominate

the valleys of the Alps and the Rhine. lawula verb

AIDS issues dominate debates on primary

health care in South Africa. hamba phambili verb

Doublets are word pairs with almost the

same form and meaning, for instance skirt
and shirt, pair and couple. impinda noun
There is sufficient evidence to doubt her
claims. ngabaza verb
Some doubt has been cast upon the
authenticity of the painting. ungabazane noun
She drafted a preliminary version of the
report. yenza uhlaka verb

You must submit your first draft to your

tutor. uhlaka noun

I have completed the first draft of my

assignment. okusalungiswa noun

The government tabled the proposal as a

draft for a first round of discussions. okusalungiswa noun

Anthropological dualism teaches, for

instance, that man is composed of soul
and body, while physical dualism teaches
that reality is composed of spirit and
matter. isimiso esikabili noun

The Chinese and especially the Taoists

believe that the human psyche is both
dualistic and holistic, because the
opposing forces Yin (female, dark, passive)
and Yang (male, light and active) kunesimiso
complement each other. esikabili adjective

Man is widely seen as a duality of mind ukuba nesimiso

and body. esikabili noun

For the duration of the lecture, students

are not allowed to leave the lecture hall. isikhathi noun

His book was the first successful attempt

to deal with the dynamics of a system. indlela noun

Capitalism is a dynamic of economic

change. imbangela noun
He was a dynamic doctor who revitalised
the whole clinic. nomdlandla adj

Educational reform has to be a dynamic

process to keep up with students’
changing needs. okuguquguqukayo adj

His book was the first successful attempt ukusebenza

to analyse the dynamics of the system. kwezinto noun

People who leave cigarette butts in the

field are ecologically insensitive and a
danger to the well-being of the earth. imvelo adjective

Modern man harms ecology with his isayensi yezinto

thoughtless misuse of natural resources. eziphilayo noun

The relative value of currency is directly

linked to the economic stability of a
country. okomnotho adj

The mining group must investigate more

economic ways of extracting ore. okongayo adj

A country’s economic climate is evident in,

among other things, food prices and
interest rates. ezomnotho adjective

The relative value of currency is directly

linked to the economic stability of a
country.

One can observe the struggling economy

of a country in rising food prices and
interest rates. umnotho noun

The economy suffered because of a cycle

of droughts and floods. umnotho noun
The diesel engine performs the same as
petrol engines, but with greater fuel
economy. ukonga noun

She edited the student magazine before it

was sent to the printers. hlela verb

A good publisher ensures that all texts

that are published are thoroughly edited. hleliwe adjective

The editing of a thesis should be left to a

professional text editor. ukuhlela noun

The article deals with the effects of global

warming on Sub-Saharan Africa. umthelela noun

The negative effect of drugs on

adolescents cannot be denied. umthelela noun

Combining different teaching methods in

the classroom is more effective than using
only one. okusebenzayo adj

The researchers assessed the efficacy of

sports training. ukuba namandla noun

In a follow-up report the company

elaborated on the implementation of its
strategy to increase productivity. enaba verb

The scientists spent years developing an

elaborate plan to combat malaria. okubanzi adj
The building of a new student centre is the
key element in the rector’s plan to
upgrade the campus. umunxa noun

The first lecture deals with the elements

of good design. umumo noun

All investments contain an element of risk. intwana noun

His theory is unscientific because it

contains subjective ideological elements
that undermine the objective character of
science. isici noun

Some people think knowledge of the

characteristics of research is elementary,
but many others find it very complex. okuqalayo adjective

Her desire was to elevate Russian to one

of the literary languages of Europe. phakamisa verb

Smoking and obesity can elevate "bad"

cholesterol levels. enyusa verb

Smoking and obesity can elevate bad

cholesterol levels. khuphula verb

The use of closed questions elicited

specific information concerning the
demographic characteristics of the
respondents. veza verb

Writers should always use spell-checkers

to eliminate unnecessary errors. qeda verb
When a student quotes a fairly long
sentence from a source, she can use the
ellipse and omit less important words to
focus on the keywords. i-ellips noun

A sentence is elliptical if the writer omits

words from the sentence and indicates the
omissions with 3 dots. kune-ellips adjective

His speeches were always eloquent and okuveza umbono

powerful. ngamandla adj

Her paintings are an eloquent reminder of

the power and beauty of nature. okucace bha adj

Nelson Mandela embodies the spirit of

reconciliation. mela verb

Nelson Mandela embodied the spirit of

reconciliation. melela verb

People around the world have turned

against their communist regimes and
embraced democracy. emukela verb

After having embraced Judaism she

changed her name to Hadassah. yamukela verb

It emerged from the court case that the

suspect’s fingerprints were on the murder
weapon. hlaluka verb

Microsoft emerged as the leading

computer software company. qhamuka verb
He can leave South Africa and emigrate to
the USA to work there. thutha verb

The fundamental feature of the book is

the emphasis placed on human reason. ukugcizelela noun

The article places great emphasis on

feminism and the role of women in
eighteenth-century politics. ukugcizelela noun

The dietician emphasised the value of

exercise in weight-loss. gcizelela verb

The lecturer underlines each topic

sentence in the text to emphasise the core
issues. ukugcizelela verb

Write the emphasised words in italics

rather than underlining them. kugcizilelwe adjective

The empirical part of her research

included interviews with the parents of
the patients, and observation of the
therapy sessions. ukubona ngokulinga adj

Einstein’s theory that gravity can bend

light has been empirically proven when
astronomers could observe this
phenomenon during a solar eclipse with
sophisticated instruments. okuboniwe adjective

Empiricism allows the facts to speak for

themselves, and attempts to omit the
interpretation of the researcher as far as okubonwa
possible. ngokulinga noun

Empiricism is the belief that experience is

the basis of all knowledge. i-empiricism noun
Because he believes in empiricism, he was
looking for answers from his research. i-empiricism noun

Libraries empower pupils by giving them

the freedom to make their own choices
about reading and learning experiences. nika amandla verb

Libraries empower pupils by giving them

the freedom to make their own choices
about reading and learning experiences. nika amandla verb

Empowered students criticise first

themselves before they look for the fault
somewhere else. nikwe amandla adjective

The true educator believes in

empowerment and teaches her students
how to think critically. ukunika amandla noun

Free internet access will enable more

people to work from home. yenza verb

A child who is encircled by caring parents

and family members should develop into a
balanced adult. zungeza verb

Estuaries encompass broad ecosystems

that usually extend many miles beyond
the open waters of a bay or lagoon. faka phakathi verb

They encountered many problems during

the pilot phase of the project. bhekana verb

There was a violent encounter between

the protesters and the government
officials. ukuhlangana noun
They encountered many problems during
the pilot phase of the project. bhekana verb

Cartoons have a universal

and enduring appeal. bekezela adjective

He applied all his energy to winning a gold

medal in the marathon. amandla noun

Medical law is a tool for enforcing medical

ethics. phoqa verb

The proposed research should enhance

our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease. yenza kube lula verb

I don’t know much about the testing

process: Could you enlighten me? cacisa verb

Enlightened thinkers such as the brilliant

physicist Isaac Newton and the
mathematician Rene Descartes are also
considered enlightened scientists. kukhanyisiwe adjective

During the Enlightenment people began to

free themselves from the power of the
Church and the State. Ukukhanyiselwa noun

Reading can enrich your understanding

and appreciation of a language. cebisa verb

Three data sources were used to ensure

the validity of the research. qiniseka verb
The state and the legal system are
separate entities. into noun
The question required students to
enumerate the causes of black-spot
disease on citrus fruit. bala verb

The concluding chapter of her dissertation

is enumerative in nature. ukubala adjective

The business case study required a

thorough analysis of the business
environment. umkhakha noun

The social environment plays an important

role in the development of a child. indawo noun

In the last episode of the soapie the main

character dies. isiqephu noun

The 21st century is an epoch of growing

uncertainty. inkathi noun

In his conference paper he equated

discrimination with violence. linganisa verb

His excellent physical and moral

equilibrium gave him an evenness of
temper . i-ikhwilibhriyamu noun

Exploitation of the Antarctic continent

could have devastating repercussions as
the stability of the continent is essential to
the climatic and ecological equilibrium of
the Southern Hemisphere. ukulingana noun
The programme equipped him with the
knowledge and skills to find employment
soon after graduation. hlinzeka verb

Successful students ensure that they equip

themselves with the necessary study skills. hlomisa verb

Strategic reading and thinking techniques

can be seen in the metaphorical sense as
the thoughtful student’s study
“equipment”. isisetshenziswa noun

Countries such as America, Britain and

China are equipped with the most modern
weapons. hlomisiwe adjective

Although they had different

responsibilities on the project, they
received equivalent pay and recognition. okulinganayo adj

Although they had different

responsibilities on the project, they
received equivalent pay and recognition. linganayo adjective

We live in an era of globalisation and

super-diversity. inkathi noun

The series of misfortunes eroded his self-

confidence. qeda verb
The series of misfortunes eroded his self-
confidence.

He erred in gossiping about his colleagues

to people who knew them personally and
was caught out. ukona verb
She decided to err on the side of caution
and did not give the hitchhiker a lift. xwaya verb

Her behaviour was erratic and the guard adjective

became suspicious so he followed her. guqukuqukayo , adverb

It was clear that the plane crashed due to

pilot error. iphutha noun

The literary critic writes an essay and the

student a paper. indatshana noun

The true researcher will try to penetrate

into the essence of the problem. ubuntu noun

The most striking feature of wisdom is the

ability to distinguish between the
appearance and the essence of things. ubuntu noun

The research was essential for ensuring

the provincial administration improves its
efficiency. balulekile adjective

She established an organisation to feed

and clothe the homeless. sungula verb

A commission of enquiry was established

to investigate the matter. sungula verb

It is time for the department of education

to establish cultural studies at institutions
of learning. qalisa verb
He is currently attempting to establish
what happened. ukuthola verb

The head of the faculty has established an

attitude of accountability with its staff. sungula verb
The students of the new residence are
furious about the establishment of certain
new regulations. ukusungulwa noun

The establishment of a unique Institute for

Disaster Studies is a step forward in the
management of disasters worldwide. ukwakhiwa noun

Her estate is worth R3 million. ifa/impahla noun

Her estate is worth R3 million. ifa noun

A United Nations report estimated the

world population at 9.6 billion by 2050. hlawumbisela verb

Researchers estimate that two thirds of

the 6 700 languages spoken world wide
will have disappeared by the year 2100. linganisela verb

According to the latest estimate, South

Africa will show a negative growth rate
this year and in the coming years. isilinganiso noun

I estimate that the damage to my car will

amount to about R15 000. ukulinganisa verb

The estimated 150 000 homeless residents

were promised jobs and homes. linganisele adjective

Customs officials found cigarettes with an

estimated street value of R4,7 million linganiselwe adjective
By the end of the day it was clear that the
initial estimation of 1 800 houses damaged
was too low. ukulinganisa noun

Her work ethic is so strong that she will

work through the night rather than miss a
deadline. inkambo noun

The bank restricts loans to companies that

demonstrate ethical behaviour. okwenkambo adj

It is ethical to think about your own izimiso

actions before criticising others. zokuziphatha adjective

Private secretaries must be capable of

being trusted with confidential
information and must have complete ngokwezimiso
integrity and high ethical standards. zokuziphatha adjective

The organisation strongly adheres to a

code of ethics. izinkambo noun

Individual ethics is the ethics that studies

the obligations of man towards himself. izimilo noun

South Africa has a wide variety of ethnic

groups. ngokohlobo lobuzwe adj

South Africa has a wide variety of ethnic

groups.

Etymological information can help one to

better understand and remember a word
or phrase. umsuka adjective

The etymology of words can be found in

good etymology dictionaries. umsuka noun
It is an euphemism to say that someone
has passed away, instead of saying he is inkulumo
dead. ehloniphisayo noun
kunenkulumo
There are many euphemistic sayings. ehloniphisayo adjective

They evaluated various software packages

with regard to utility, economy and
functionality. buyekeza verb

The lecturer evaluates her students’

progress using a number of assessment
methods. hlola verb

Thanks to the lecturer’s excellent test

feedback, the evaluated students were
even better prepared for the final exam. hloliwe adjective

The student evaluations must be

completed by the end of the semester. ukuhlola noun

The evaluation of a manuscript is done by

literary experts on behalf of the publisher. ukuhlolwa noun

The lecturer’s evaluation throughout the

year shows what the students do not
understand ukuhlolwa noun

In this paper, an evaluative review is

offered of research done by the team in
the field of corpus linguistics. kuhloliwe adjective

The eventual aim of land redistribution is

to make up for the wrongs of the past. ekugcineni adj

It has become evident that mechanisation

is not the only answer to a vibrant
agricultural economy. okucacileyo adj

The frustrations and discontent of people

are evident every day. kuyabonakala adjective
The play evoked memories of a happy
childhood. vukuza verb

The project has evolved from a small

community project into a nationwide
campaign. sombuluka verb

The archaeologist will carefully examine

the skeleton recently found in the Eastern
Cape to determine its age. hlola verb

It is your task to examine the sociological

causes of child abuse. hlola verb

In a good argument, statements are

always illustrated with appropriate
examples to convince the reader or
listener. isibonelo noun
A real object cannot exceed the speed of
light. edlula verb

He is bankrupt because his liabilities

exceed his assets. dlula verb

Students are highly motivated to work

hard in order to excel in tasks and receive
rewards. dlula verb

Students who excel in their specific

subject areas often receive academic
awards. velela verb

When you insert an excerpt from a text

into your own writing, you place it
between quotation marks with the source
reference in brackets. ingcaphuno noun

The tests show an excess of sodium in her into engaphezulu

blood. ngobuningi noun
The staff were excluded from the protests
on campus. vimba verb

Patients with TB were excluded from the

sample. khipha verb

The staff were excluded from the protests

on campus. ungahlanganisi verb

The package has been structured so as to

exclude cost increases. ukungahlanganisi verb

Tasks that have not been executed by 15

December have to stand over. enza verb

I know of three German theologians who

made brilliant exegeses of the New ukuchaza
Testament. umbhalo noun

Two of my theology lectureres are umchazi

excellent exegetes of the New Testament. wemibhalo noun

The lexicon draws attention to related

meanings of different words in the Bible
and is of utmost importance for the ukuchazwa
exegetical study of the Bible text. kwemibhalo adjective

He exerts great influence on the other

board members. sebenzisa verb

He was cautioned by the doctor not to

exert himself during exercise. nweba verb

The artist's paintings will be exhibited at

the re-opening of the art gallery. bonisa verb
The artist’s paintings will be exhibited at
the opening of the art gallery. umbukiso verb
To be is to exist. ukuba khona verb

Many theories exist about the increasing

global warming we are experiencing. iba khona verb

Good and evil exist in all human beings. ukuba khona verb

The existence of numerous theories of

increasing global warming does not help
to solve the problem. ukuba khona noun

umbono wokuthi
ukuba khona
kwezulu
The rise of existentialism in the 1950s nomhlaba
seriously damaged the power of churches akunanjongo (i-
and clergy. existentialism) noun

The idea is existentialist: only through

bodily pain is man assured of the
authenticity of his existence. i-existentialist adjective

The existing political system is based on

the principle of the empowerment of the
strongest political party. ukuba khona adjective

During the 1970s social welfare

programmes expanded rapidly. anda verb

He is an expert on global warming. ungoti noun

They need expert advice on marketing the

technologically advanced product. okunobuchule adj

The methodology section explains how the

participants were selected. chaza verb

The theory explains why so many

teenagers display risk behaviour. enaba verb
Students prefer lecturers who explain new
concepts in simple language so that
everyone can understand them. chaza verb

The economist supplies the journalist with

an explanation of the events that led to
the sudden collapse of world markets. incazelo noun

The explanatory notes in the margin help

the reader to better understand the text. incazelo adjective

You have to explicate the rationale for the

study. veza verb

The lawyer asked the defendant to

explicate. cacisa verb

Explication is needed when explaining

imagery in a poem. ukucacisa noun

In their planning documents employers

must give explicit indications of how they
intend implementing the new policy. okucace bha adj

The director gave explicit reasons for

dismissing the project leader. cacile adjective

Viewers are warned against explicit

language and scenes. kucacile adjective

Traders on the stock exchange exploited

the weak Rand to make money. sebenzisa ithuba verb

She felt that the tragedy was exploited by eba umsebenzi

the media. womuntu verb
She felt that the tragedy was exploited by
the media. xaphaza verb

The professor is a leading exponent of

herbal medicine. umnxenxi noun

The professor is a leading exponent of

herbal medicine. isichasisi noun

South Africa exports wine to the rest of

the world. thengisa ngaphandle verb

German ideas on education have been

exported to rural Africa. ethula kwelinye izwe verb

Profits from the export of alcohol are

heavily taxed. okwangaphandle noun

Wine is an important export for South umkhiqizo oya

Africa. ngaphandle noun

South Africa exports wine to the rest of

the world. thumela verb

He considered it his duty to expose

careless and ignorant writers. veza verb

An independent audit of the entire civil

service in the province has exposed a lack
of even basic management skills. veza verb
The accident received extensive coverage
from the media. okubanzi adj
His extensive research requires extra
funding. kubanzi adjective

The external pressure must be higher than

the internal pressure for the expansion to
take place. ngaphandle adj

The broken piece was extracted from the

machine using pliers. donsa verb

Iron is extracted from iron ore. khipha verb

This extract from the novel shows how

poor children can be exploited in cities. isiqeshana noun

If you extract a section from a text and

insert it verbatim into your own
assignment, you place it between
quotation marks with the source reference
in brackets. khipha verb

Almond extract gives rice pudding a lovely

flavour. isiqephu noun

The University is serious about facilitating

access to more economically
disadvantages students. yenza kube lula verb

The university is serious about facilitating

access for economically disadvantaged
students. lula verb

He set up a players committee to facilitate

better communication between players
and management. yenza kube lula verb
District municipalities have a crucial role
to play in economic development, ukwenza kube
planning and facilitation. lula adjective

Her facilitation is so good that all beginner

speakers participate in the conversation ukwenza kube
classes with ease. lula noun

She is a competent facilitator who knows

exactly how to make the beginner
speakers feel at ease and lets them speak
with enough confidence. umsizi noun

It is a fact that the earth rotates around

the sun every 24 hours. iqiniso noun

The scientist systematically sets out the

facts in his argument. iqiniso noun

The rival factions in the political party

cannot reach an agreement. iqeqebana noun

Education is a key factor in raising

awareness of health issues in a
population. umthelela noun

She forgot to factor in the painter's wages

when she estimated how much painting
the house would cost. faka verb

Discuss all the factors that lead to global

warming. isici noun

She forgot to factor in the painter’s wages

when she estimated how much painting
the house would cost. ukuhlanganisa verb

An argument without a factual basis is just

a set of opinions. okuliqiniso adj
It is a fallacy that the Scots are stingy, in
fact, they give more to charity than any
other group in the British Isles. amampunge noun

The fallacy contained in their argument is

that they have made generalisations on
the basis of too few examples. ubuthaka noun

Using four languages as media of

instruction is not feasible. okunokwenzeka adj

Using two languages as media of

instruction is feasible. kungenzeka adjective

The newspaper had a special feature on

the writer who won the award. umbhalo noun
Describe the characteristic features of an
earthquake. isakhi noun

The conference will feature the dean as

one of the plenary speakers. ukufaka verb

The newspaper has a special feature on

the writer who won the award. isici noun

The conference will feature the dean as

one of the plenary speakers. ukufakwa verb

Your feigned facts are no more than

personal assumptions. ubuzenzisi adjective
Poorer regions are a fertile breeding
ground for revolution. okuvundile adj

The new lecturer's fruitful thinking will

make valuable contributions to research. okucebile adj

Stephen Hawking, the British theoretical

physicist, was a famous expert in the field
of theoretical cosmology. umkhakha noun

Figurative language (imagery) is often

found in literature, because poets think
figuratively rather than literally. ngokomfanekiso adjective

How does the current electricity crisis

figure in the foreign investment policy? indima verb

My father’s burly figure suddenly appears

in the door. isithombe noun

Imagery is a figure of speech often found

in poetry. isifenqo noun

The decision of the disciplinary committee

is final, and no further discussion will be
held on the issue. ukugcina adjective

The finalisation of a dissertation requires

nerves of steel because there is so much
detail to be finally checked. ukuphethwa noun
My roommate has two days left to finalise
her paper with source references and a
bibliography. phetha verb

We are still in the process of negotiations,

but it seems we are getting to the stage
where we will reach finality. isiphetho noun

She worked full-time to finance her

husband’s university education. khokhela imali verb

The church took out a loan to finance the

new community centre. nika imali verb

Finance for the new natural sciences

laboratory has been provided by private
donors. imali noun

Experts from large companies provide

information on a range of topics, such as
finance, investments and insurance, from
which business people can benefit. imali noun
The balance of the required finance will be
provided by the bank. ukuxhasa noun

There is a finite number of energy

resources from which to generate
electricity. okuphelayo adj

Good writers always try to choose words

that fit within the theme of their text. hambisana verb

The company is looking for someone who

can work flexible hours. okuvumela noma yini adj

The device malfunctioned due to

fluctuations in the electrical current. ntengantenga verb
The device malfunctioned due to ukushintshashint
fluctuations in the electrical current. sha verb

There are many students whose marks

fluctuate significantly within the same ukushintshashint
subject. sha verb

The fluctuating nature of the motor car

industry often results in the employment ukushintshashint
of poorly qualified persons. sha adjective

The fluctuation in the motor car industry

often results in the employment of poorly ukushintshashint
qualified persons. sha noun

She is fluent in Spanish. ukuqephuza adj

She is fluent in Spanish. shelelayo adjective

Although the two institutions have

merged, the arrangement is still fluid. okuqhubekayo adj

Although the two institutions have

merged, the arrangement is still fluid. okungashintsha adjective

She focuses all her energy on completing

her dissertation. gxilisa verb

The main focus of the course is social

anthropology. isizinda noun

The media's focus on primary health care

has raised awareness. ukugxila noun

His essay lacks focus. umongo noun

The media’s focus on primary health care
has raised awareness. nakisisa noun

Focus on the consequences of littering. gxila verb

You need to think carefully about exactly

what you want to focus on in your
research. gxilisa ingqondo verb

After this focus group discussion, Tertia’s

qualitative investigation will be completed
and she will be finalising the results of her
study. iqembu lengxoxo noun

Focused study is only possible if you strike

a balance between study and socialisation. gxilile adjective

His violent behaviour does not logically

follow from his peace speech the day
before. kuvela verb

In his lecture, theory and example

systematically follow upon one another. kuvela kokuthile verb

The author of an academic article must

make sure that his arguments follow upon
one another in a logical way. kuyalandelana verb

The student volunteers forgo their

summer holidays to do development
work. shaya indiva verb

The celebrations take place in the format

of a carnival. isimo noun

The format of the two textbooks is

completely different. ifomathi noun

All assignments have to be formatted

according to the prescribed style sheet. hlela verb
The formula for success is hard work. isithako noun

The commission was tasked with

formulating a monetary policy. akha verb

They formulated their ideas in carefully

crafted prose. sungula verb

They formulated their ideas in carefully

crafted prose. ukwakha verb

In the final draft of your paper you have to

formulate clearly and concisely. cacisa verb

The student who takes good care of her

language uses clear and concise
formulation. ukucacisa noun

She was forthcoming in her response to

the allegations. ukugonyuluka adj

I am looking forward to the forthcoming

rugby season. okuzayo adj
I am looking forward to the forthcoming
rugby season. okuzayo adjective

A child's confidence is founded on love

and praise. akhela verb

Geology is an applied science founded on

the careful observation of the natural
world coupled with the application of
physical, chemical and biological concepts
to explain earth processes. sekela verb

The study provides a solid foundation for

further research. isisekelo noun
Lecturers often complain that students’
writing lacks a solid theoretical foundation
on which their ideas are based. isisekelo noun

The textbook provides a general

framework for understanding biology. uhlaka noun

I place my research within the framework

of eco-criticism. uhlaka noun

The successful lecturer plans each lecture

within the framework of her course
objectives. uhlaka noun

If this research project is successful, our

frontiers of knowledge will be pushed
back. umngcele noun

His resignation will fuel speculation that

the whole company was involved in the
theft of the money. sabalalisa verb

She has fulfilled all the requirements for

the programme and will graduate in
September. fezekisa verb

The building’s water supply has been

reconnected and it is functioning as
normal. sebenza verb

Internet banks can perform the functions

of traditional banks at half the price. umsebenzi noun

Job advancement is a function of

expertise, merit and experience. umsebenzi noun
The function of the introduction is to
provide a brief summary of the article as a
whole. umsebenzi noun

Many words in a language function as

more than one part of speech, as
determined by context. ukusebenza verb

Pretoria functions as the administrative kusebenza njengento

capital of South Africa. ethile verb

The use of appropriate punctuation is

functional in academic essays. kuyasebenza adjective

You can do so much with the phone’s GPS

system that it takes functionality to a
whole new level. ukusebenza noun

A clean supply of water is fundamental to

the health of a nation. okuyisisekelo adj
The concept of justice is fundamental to
his theory. okuyisizinda adj

Agriculture is fundamental to the

economy of the country. okuyisisekelo adjective

There are sometimes fundamental

differences between the ideological
desires of a government on the one hand
and the national interest on the other. okuyisisekelo adjective

He fused the two electrical wires together

so that electricity flowed. hlanganisa verb
He fused the best elements of both
philosophies to create a new ethical
system. dibanisa verb

The kwaito group has fused symphonic

sounds into their music. hlanganisa verb

What separates her from her peers is her

ability to fuse education and
entertainment into what she calls
edutainment. hlanganisa verb

This scale has not been gauged and

therefore you cannot be sure if you
bought exactly one kilogram of meat. linganisa verb

Employers may not discriminate against

employees based on gender. ubulili noun

The new lecturer generated an exciting

class discussion. gaya verb

The workshops will use problem solving to

generate new ideas. yenza verb

If one plans a language acquisition course

for students from different disciplines, the
text content will be generic, as creating
subject-specific texts for each subject is
practically impossible. jwayelekile adjective
He focused mainly on two genres: the
literary essay and pastoral poetry. uhlobo noun

The germ of his theory, developed much

later, can already be seen in his first book. umsuka noun

The trees were clipped into globes. umhlaba noun

The trees were clipped into globes.

Some authors gloss their textbooks so that

students can look up the meaning of
technical terms. nikeza incazelo verb

Some textbooks contain a glossary that

explains the meaning of difficult technical
terms. uhlu lwamagama noun

Any goal could be achieved if people

didn’t allow themselves to get side-
tracked. inhloso noun

The goal of her medical studies is to

become a successful pediatrician. umgomo noun

The lecturer graded the assignments. maka verb

The coal mined in that area is usually of

the highest grade. izinga noun

The artifacts discovered during the

excavation were graded according to size,
colour and shape. kala verb
All the farmer’s pears are first grade and
are marketed overseas. uhlobo noun

The hotel, which boasts a sea view and

draws many international guests, has been
graded a three-star hotel. uhlobo verb

The postgraduate student in Agriculture

had to grade different pear types
according to their taste and appearance. uhlobo verb

All graduands wear gowns during

graduation. othole isiqu noun

My five best friends graduate at the end of

this year from the University of
Stellenbosch. thola isiqu verb

I would like to advise graduates to be

patient while looking for a job. onesiqu noun
My graduated son is without a job despite
his degree. thole iziqu adjective

He was awarded a research grant to help

him complete his Master’s dissertation. umfundaze noun

The students were granted permission to

use the parking lot for their fund-raising
concert. nika verb

It is granted that he was a good

researcher, but his teaching abilities left
much to be desired. vuma verb
The students were granted permission to
use the parking lot for their fundraising
concert. nikeza verb

The Prime Minister of Pakistan

emphasised the gravity of the civil unrest
in India. ububi noun

The Vice Chancellor’s speeches have

always been characterised by gravity. ubuqotho noun

The insurance company guarantees

complete satisfaction with their service. qinisekisa verb

Roosevelt is saying that if a nation can

guarantee some basic amount of
economic security as a means to promote
freedom, it should consider doing so. qinisekisa verb

Some banks offer a guarantee on their

credit cards against the risk of money loss
through fraud. isiqiniseko noun

During the first term of their first year

students require guidance and sympathy
far more than instruction. ukwelulekwa noun

When I cannot make an informed

decision, I ask my parents for their
guidance. isiqondiso noun

The student must complete her

assignment according to certain
guidelines. umhlahlandlela noun

The nature lover is sad about cut down

trees, the city dweller, on the other hand, ngakolunye
doesn’t think about it. uhlangothi noun
The successful student has strategic
thinking skills to plan her study timetable. ukuba verb

The goal of the speaker from the

opposition party was to heckle our
political leaders. phazamisa verb

English is gaining hegemonic status over

the other indigenous languages. busayo adjective

English is gaining hegemony over

indigenous languages in South Africa. ukubusa noun

A hermeneutic approach to the reading

process helps language lecturers and
teachers to better cope with the reading
difficulties of students and learners okumayelana adjective
through their teaching techniques. nokutolidwa , adverb

Traditionally hermeneutics studies the

interpretation of written texts in
literature, religion and the legal system. ezokukutolika noun

The heuristic approach in education adjective

means the child learns through discovery. ukuzifundela , adverb

Thousands of years ago the famous

philosopher Socrates used heuristics to get
his students to answer life-questions indlela
through systematic questioning. yokuzifundela noun
In the Roman Catholic Church there is a
clear hierarchical system of positions of ngokulandelanay adjective
authority with the Pope at the very top. o , adverb

The company has a fairly flat hierarchy: A

CEO, managers and other employees. ukuma noun

The hierarchies of concepts in biology are

best portrayed by means of diagrams and
concept maps. ukuma noun

The company has a fairly flat hierarchy – a

CEO, managers and other employees. ukulandelana noun

The mind map that graphically represents

the thematic units of the text works with
thematic hierarchy. ukulandelana noun

The high-handed decisions of the head of

department upset the staff, who feel he is adjective
acting despotic. ukugabdela , adverb

The session chair highlighted the main

points of the paper. balula verb

The country's agriculture sector has been

hit hard by the Aids pandemic ukushaya verb

Holism is the theory that reality is more

than the sum of the constituent parts. ukuphelela noun

A holistic view of life sees life as a dynamic adjective

web of influences. phelele , adverb

Homogeneity in a country with so many

languages and cultures is difficult. ukufana noun
Pretoria has a strong, homogeneous Greek
community made up of people who share
a common culture, religion and language. okufanayo adj
South Africa certainly does not have a
homogeneous population. ukufana adjective

Words like CAN and CAN are homonyms. igama elifanayo noun
The italicised words are homonymous amagama
words. afanayo adjective

TO and TWO are homophones. i-homophone noun

kuhlobene
namagama
afanayo kodwa
In the two sentences, the italicised words abhalwa
are homophonic. ngokwehlukile adjective

He believed that anybody who did not

smile when he spoke were hostile to his
suggestions. okunobutha adj
I was shocked to death! is an example of a
hyperbole. ihaba noun

A hyperbolic style should never be used at adjective

the expense of solid content. kunehaba , adverb

The medical research team has put

forward a new hypothesis on how the umcabango
virus works. onamaqiniso noun

The doctoral student's hypothesis that

trauma can be treated better with
hypnosis than with accepted methods was
refuted because he could not prove it. umbono noun
He knows that his hypothesis about the
characteristics of motorcyclists is
preliminary, because it is subject to
further research. umbono noun

It is hypothesized that people who are

positive enjoy better health than those cabanga
with a negative outlook on life. ngokuyiqiniso verb

When you hypothesise, you make an

unproven statement that has yet to be
proven. ukucabangela verb

It is hypothesised that people who are

positive enjoy better health than those
with a negative outlook on life. ukucabangela verb

Before empirical evidence was available,

scientists hypothesised that the drug
might be targeting a hormone. ukucabangela verb
adjective
Hypothetical thinking is essential. ngokucabangela , adverb

Although an idea is an abstract concept,

its origin is concrete, for it arises as an
image in the mind. umbono noun

In those days Sperm Whales were

thought to be identical to the Greenland
or Right Whale in England. okufanayo adj

Ten of the sets of twins are identical, and

some teachers are battling to identify
them individually. fanayo adjective

The identification of plagiarism is no

problem for the experienced lecturer, as
there is usually a clear difference between
the student’s writing style and that of the
source text. ukuhlonza noun
Identification of thematic keywords is an
essential reading skill. ukubona noun

When you link the identified keywords,

the text looks like a word web. boniwe adjective

New tests have been devised to identify

people with schizophrenia. hlonza verb

In a text with plagiarism, a lecturer can

usually identify the source from which the
student steals through the difference in
sentence construction and formulation. bona verb

A strategic reader knows where to find the

thematic keywords in a text and can
therefore identify them fairly quickly. thola verb

Terrorist groups’ actions are usually

ideologically driven, because their
ideological views dominate everything adjective
they think and do. ngokwemfundiso , adverb

The myth of romance is based on the

ideology of patriarchy whereby the man is
the protector and pursuer of the woman. umqondo noun

The ideology of Communism has declined

in popularity since the fall of the Berlin
Wall. imfundiso noun

My roommate’s idiosyncrasies really get isici

the better of me. esiyingqayizivele noun
My roommate’s idiosyncratic preference
for tomatoes at 3 am, her inexplicable fear
of sandals and her loving dedication to
hairy spiders she collects under her bed in
a glass jar made me decide to look for adjective
other accommodation. isici esingavamile , adverb

Her insensitive gender attitudes were born

out of ignorance. ukungazi noun

The lecturer illuminated the mathematical

problem. cacisa verb

Students were required to provide

examples in further support of the
argument. chaza verb

The stories printed below this editorial

illustrate some recent achievements in
this field. fanekisa verb

In this cooking guide, the method is

illustrated with pictures. fanekisa verb

The successful student always works with

illustrated statements so that his lecturer
understands what his concepts mean. fanekisiwe adjective

The soldier dragging his wounded

companion under bullet rain is an
illustration of humanity. umfanekiso noun

An important part of the success of a

business is its image. isithombe noun

When reading an academic text a student

should build up a mental image of the
meaning. isithombe noun
My personal image of peace is a landscape
of hills, without people. isithombe noun

The imaginary reality of people often

shows no relation to the actual state of ngokwengqondo
affairs. e adjective

There is a lot to dislike in the movie,

mostly the lack of any effort to do
anything original or imaginative with the
theme. okucabangayo adjective

I imagine a landscape of hills without ukubona ngeso

people. lengqondo verb

The South African family immigrated to thuthela kwelinye

Australia. izwe verb

He can immigrate back to Africa, to live

and work in SA. fuduka verb

The injury may have a considerable impact

on his performance in rugby this season. umthelela noun

If clean energy is free and abundant the

impact on the planet will be profound. yiba nomthelela verb

The strike had a major impact on service

delivery. ithonya noun

The toll fee increase will impact negatively

on the region's economic growth. ithonya verb

The government implemented the new

equality laws. yenza kusebenze verb

The government failed to implement the

recommendations of the commission. sebenzisa verb
The project that is planned by the
engineering student is hardly
implementable and he will have to kungasebenzisek
redesign it. a adjective

The lecturer is supported by an assistant in

the implementation of his duties. ukusebenzisa noun

Police claims implicated him in the

robbery. ninda verb

Police claims implicated him in the

robbery. sola verb

Bill resented the implication that he had

stolen the money simply because he was
carrying a lot of cash in his pockets. ukusikisela noun

Hegel made explicit the concrete universal

that was implicit in Kant. okugigiyelayo adj

A consumer price rise is implicit in the

removal of electricity subsidies. sikisela adjective

The implicit meaning of the image CHISEL

POINT OF THE RIVER is that the water adjective
gradually calves away the river bank. ngokungaqondile , adverb

His silence seems to imply that he agrees

with the decision. isho verb

The omission of science or art does not

necessarily imply that either science or art
was unknown. isho verb

Socialising implies that most names and

faces of people can be remembered. sikisela verb
In an academic context, it is inappropriate
to imply your intention, because your
listener and reader want to know exactly
what the purpose of your argument is. sikisela verb

The imports are transported from Durban impahla

to Johannesburg. yangaphandle noun

ukungeniswa
Import of drugs is illegal. kwezimpahla noun

South Africa imports oil from America. ukulanda verb

Einstein’s theory of relativity was and still

is of great importance to scientists trying
to understand the cosmos. ukubaluleka noun
He tries to impose his opinions on the
students. phoqa verb

The lecturer impressed the consequences

of plagiarism on the students. tshelisisa verb

The lecturer impressed on the students

the consequences of plagiarism. kholisa verb

Some adolescents experiment with drugs

because they are easily impressionable. ukucindezelwa adjective

He repressed the impulse to tell the whole

story. ilukuluku noun
He represses the impulse to tell the whole
story. umfutho noun

If no salary increases are effected there is

little incentive to work harder. isikhuthazo noun
Without salary increases, there is little
incentive to work harder. umvuzo noun

The incessant and intense noise from loud

music can cause permanent hearing loss. okubeleselayo adj

There has been a high incidence of crime

on campus. isigameko noun

A person with a positive inclination will

eventually be successful. ukuthambekela noun

He is inclined to dismiss all counter

arguments as fallacies. fanele verb
Last year his total income amounted to
R170 000. iholo noun

Feyerabend believed that deciding

between different scientific views was
complicated by the incommensurability of ukungabi
scientific theories. nesilinganiso noun

Protestantism and Dadaism are

incomparable, as there is no benchmark
against which the comparison can take akunakuqhathani
place. swa adjective

As from last year all bonuses have been

incorporated into employees’ monthly
salaries. faka verb

Try to incorporate your own original view

into your essay. hlanganisa verb

The incorporation of your own view has

considerably raised the standard of your
essay. ukuhlanganisa noun

The increase in undisciplined public

behaviour is disturbing. ukukhula noun
The number of under-prepared young
people who want to enter the labour
market increases steadily. ukukhula verb
I am shocked by the increasing violence on
the campus. ukwanda adjective

the college incurred high costs to build

and equip two new computer laboratories. ngena esikweletini verb

The author has indexed his book to make

information easier to find. yenza inkomba verb

I searched for the term in the alphabetical

index at the back of the book. inkomba noun

Strategic readers can search through the

index of a book for keywords to see if the
book contains information about the topic
they are researching. inkomba noun

The assistant helps the author to index the

most important keywords for inclusion in a
new City Planning textbook. yenza inkomba verb

The student’s well-indexed dissertation kwenziwe

impressed the supervisor. inkomba adjective

The teacher indicated the location of the

cathedral on the map. bonisa verb
He indicated that he was happy with the
decision. veza verb

Students should indicate their sources in

brackets in their academic essays. bonisa verb

The indicated sources help the lecturer to

easily check the reference list. bonisiwe adjective
Indicating sources in brackets is essential
in an academic essay. isiboniso noun

The baobab tree is indigenous to South

Africa. umnsinsi adj

Individual interviews were conducted with

the respondents to ensure that their
peers' opinions did not influence their kuqondene nomuntu
responses. ngamunye adj

The writer has an individual style of

writing. ngayedwana adj

They called on individuals to donate

money to child and women abuse. umuntu ngamunye noun
They called on individuals to donate
blood. umuntu noun

The person whose analitical and holistic

thoughts, senses, feelings and intuitions
form a whole is psychologically an
individual. umuntu noun

It is often difficult for people to maintain

their interests as individuals against the
interests of society. umuntu noun

A student with learning difficulties can get adjective

individual help. ngakunye , adverb

In successful group work, there must be a

healthy balance between group members’
individualism and collaboration skills. ukuzimela noun

The pianist’s individualistic performance

surprised the audience, as no one had
ever interpreted Chopin so umuntu adjective
individualistically before. ngamunye , adverb
Body piercings are a cosmetic trend done
for fashion and to express one's
individuality. ubuntu noun

The phrase – the tallest man in England –

will fail to individuate any person if the
class of tallest men in England happens to
have more than one member. ukuhlukanisa verb

The drug was found to induce anxiety. yenza verb

An example of induction in logic is: Every

time you eat peanuts you start to sneeze,
therefore you must be allergic to peanuts. ukubonisana

Our lecturer works inductively: He first

gives examples within the context of his
lecture from which we must then derive adjective
the general principles. ngokubonisana , adverb

Ageing and death are inevitable in human

beings. okungavimbeki adj

From these facts one can infer that the

company is making a profit. ukuqonda verb

Some people think that government

schools are inferior to private schools. okuphansi ngezinga adj

The press inflated security issues. yenza ihaba verb

The student’s drug use negatively affects

his performance. umthelela verb
Psychologists are increasingly seeing the
negative influence of drug abuse on
students’ academic success. ithonya noun

The negative influence of drugs on

adolescents cannot be denied. ithonya noun

The wealthy capitalist is very influential,

because everyone listens attentively to his
influential proposals for alleviating
poverty. kunethonya adjective

She informed the police about the

robbery. tshela verb

The research showed how indigenous

knowledge systems informed theory-
building in the field. yazisa verb

It is good manners to inform your lecturer

beforehand if you will not be able to
attend his lecture. ukwazisa verb

You need to incorporate factual

information into your assignment to
support your statements. ulwazi noun

He will wait for the official results in order

to make informed comments. kwazisiwe adjective

More money is needed to save the

crumbling infrastructure in South Africa. ingqalasizinda noun

An inherent part of the characteristics of

an intervention for developing academic
research writing is the set of design
principles. okusemqoka kakhulu adj

Everyone has inherent dignity and the

right to have their dignity respected and
protected. isici adjective

Rapid inflation inhibits economic growth. nqinda verb

The initial stages of the disease are
asymptomatic. okokuqala adj

The initial intention was to provide only an

indication of the infectiousness of the
virus, but over time, the program
expanded to raise awareness of measures
to prevent infection. okokuqala adjective

She proposes to initiate discussions on

planning the event. qala verb

She proposes to initiate discussions on

planning the event. qalisa verb

Extroverts initiate a conversation more

easily than introverts who listen better. qalisa verb

The university initiated investigations of

fraud against the administration. qalisa verb

Peter’s skilfully initiated conversation led

to fruitful discussions between people
who had never wanted to talk before. qalisiwe adjective

I am amazed at Pieter’s skillful initiation of

conversation between people who had
never wanted to talk to each other before. ukuqalisa noun

The initiation of an investigation into

allegations of fraud at the university has
been welcomed. ukuqalisa noun

A person with initiative takes on new

challenges with ease. isinyathelo noun

All humans have an innate moral compass. kwangaphakathi adj

The company’s success lies in its ability to

innovate. qala into entsha verb
Those firms who successfully innovate will
constantly stay one step ahead of the
competition. qamba okusha verb

The technological innovations of our time

make life easier. yinto entsha eqaliwe noun

The innovation in thinking about literary

works of art has, to a large extent, been ukuqamba
brought about by ecocriticism. okusha noun

Ecocriticism has contributed to a new,

innovative focus on literary works of art. okusha adjective

The student need to insert references in

her essay. faka verb

The approach yielded valuable insights

into the problem. umbono noun

Substantial subject knowledge is crucial

for PhD studies, but the decisive factor is
that doctoral students have insight into
their field of research. ukuqonda noun
She has astonishing insight for such a
young child. ukuqonda noun
ukuba adjective
It was an insightful experience. nokuqonda , adverb

They require that the structure is

inspected after construction by the design
engineer as a final check point. hlola verb

In a number of instances the quality of the

recording was too poor for transcription. isimo noun

Animals’ instinct is to run away when

faced with danger. umuzwa noun
The university has instituted new policies
to increase students’ safety on campus. qalisa verb

My sister works for the African Art

Institute. isikhungo noun

He instructed me in driving a car. yala verb

Participants were instructed to circle the

correct answer in each case. nika umyalelo verb

The instructions in the user manual of the

sound system were completely
incomprehensible. umyalelo noun

It has been demonstrated that learners

benefit from some formal instruction. isiqondiso noun

In 1029 this marchland was finally

incorporated with Bohemia, and so
became an integral part of the German
empire ingxenye adj

Each of the five chapters forms an integral

part of the book and cannot be read
separately from the other. okuhlangene adjective

In 1029 this marchland was finally

incorporated with Bohemia, and so
became an integral part of the German
empire. okuhlangene adjective

Community engagement at the University

is completely integrated with research on
the one hand, and teaching and learning
on the other. hlanganisa verb

Integrating the views of different writers

into one coherent text is a major academic
challenge. hlanganisa verb
A lecturer who reads a student’s
assignment must ascertain whether the
views of different writers really form an
integrated whole within the student’s
thematic line of thought. hlanganisiwe adjective

The integration of different writers’ views

into one coherent text in which everything
forms a new whole is a major challenge
for first-year students. ukuhlanganiswa noun

What we need is a leader with high moral

and professional integrity. ubuqotho noun

Without the dramatic music, the play loses

its integrity. ubumqoka noun

The intellect is not the most important

aspect of a person’s personality. ubuhlakani noun

I am amazed at my uncle’s intellect. ukuhlakanipha noun

My uncle is very intellectual and can have

intellectual conversations on various
topics. ukuhlakanipha adjective

It’s amazing how some teachers can

intellectualise a child’s bad behaviour
without thinking for a moment about its ukwenza
psychological causes. kuhlakaniphe verb

Intellectualism denies the value of

integration between intellect, emotion,
sensuality and intuition for a more ukuphishekela
integrated perception of reality. ukuhlakanipha noun
Some teachers’ intellectualistic handling of
problem children attests to a lack of adjective
insight into the human psyche. okokuhlakanipha , adverb

She is intelligent, and always has the

entire picture in perspective. okuhlakaniphileyo adj

Viewers look forward to intelligible

programmes aimed at the whole family. kuyaqondakala adjective

I intend to finish my research proposal by

the end of the month. hlosa verb

The lecturer’s advice to answer the easy

questions first was really well intended. hlosiwe adjective

The victims of the bombing experienced

intense emotions, such as fear, anger and
despair. okuqinile adj

He announced his intention to apply for

the position of head of department. injongo noun

Psychologists study the way in which

humans interact with one another. xhumana verb

Human lungs interact with the circulatory

system to filter oxygen into the blood. bambisana verb

The interaction between lecturer and

student can only be productive if both
parties are willing to provide input. ukuxoxisana noun

I really like interactive lectures. hilelayo adjective

She has resumed her career as a writer

after a four-year interlude. ikhefu noun
The learners study English at intermediate
level. phakathi nendawo adj
The patient died as a result of internal
bleeding. ngaphakathi adj

The learner could not interpret the

difficult question. tolika verb

The interpreter had to interpret for the

accused who did not understand English. tolika verb

How readers interpret a text is determined

by reading ability, perspective and
background. ukuqonda verb

Without the strategies to read an

academic article, you can easily
misinterpret the author's intention. ukuqonda verb

People's interpretation of the cartoon

largely depends on their political and
religious beliefs. ukuqonda noun

My interpretation of the article's content

differs from yours. ukuqonda noun

Writers must remember that their

narration about an event does not
necessarily reflect reality but is merely
their interpreted version of the event. kuqondiwe adjective

Draught and famine are interrelated. hlobana verb

Drought and famine are interrelated. hlobana verb

The students returned to university after

an interval of four weeks. ikhefu noun

The students returned to university after

an interval of four weeks. isikhathi noun
Governments do not often interfere in
religious affairs. ngenelela verb

During the interview with the minister the

journalist focused on government's long-
term policy on education. ukubuzwa imibuzo noun

He was interviewed on radio about his

discovery. buzwa imibuzo verb

I went for an interview and got the job. ingxoxo noun

She was interviewed on radio about her
discovery. ingxoxo verb

One of the intrinsic qualities of glass is

brilliancy. okwangaphakathi adj

The newly introduced regulations in the

residence upset the students. kwethuliwe adjective

Her intuition made her realise that the

situation was dangerous. ukushiywa yigazi noun

If you suddenly gain insight into something

of which you do not necessarily have
factual information, it is probably your
intuition that is at work. umuzwa noun

Modern man has lost his intuitive way of

experiencing the world largely due to the adjective
overemphasis on analytical thinking. ngokwemizwa , adverb

Multiplication and division are inverse

operations. okuphikisanayo adj

The research group investigated the

influence of temperature on the curing
time of concrete. phenya verb

The investigative nature of your work

requires that you pay careful attention. cwaningwayo adjective
The politician invoked historical events to
support his argument. vukuza verb

The politician invoked historical events to

support her argument. sebenzisa verb

Being a university student involves hard

work and commitment. faka verb

Being a student involves hard work and

commitment. hlanganisa verb

It is ironic to praise economic growth

while it does not mean anything to the
man in the street. bhuqayo adjective

As she walks out of the examination room,

she ironises the difficult paper with the
words: Wasn’t it children’s games now! bhuqa verb

The irony is that the giant wrestling

champion’s name is Tiny. indida noun

The doctors isolated the person who has

the infectious disease so that the infection
does not spread. beka kodwa verb

The number of issuable tickets for the

upcoming show is limited. khishwayo adjective

The issue of poverty in the country need

to be addressed. indaba noun

The article on irrigation in the Western

Cape appears in the latest issue of the
journal. ushicilelo noun
The issue of misuse of hospital funds has
been raised in a public debate on
healthcare. udaba noun

Campus officials very quickly issue traffic

tickets to students who park on lecturers’
places. khipha verb

Publishing an additional issue of the

academic journal is not economically
feasible. ibhukwana noun

The newly issued film is going to cause

great controversy. kukhishiwe adjective

Underlined words should be italicised

when typing the manuscript on your
computer. ngomalukeke verb
In printed text, the titles of books are in
italics. omulekeke noun

I receive four issues of the SA Journal of

Chemistry per annum. ijenali noun

She kept a journal to record her personal

research observations. ijenali noun

She recorded her personal research

observations in a journal. iphephabhuku noun

A Durban schoolgirl has made her mark on

the medical world by becoming the
youngest ever contributor to the
internationally respected South African
Medical Journal. iphaphebhuku noun
We instigated a judicial enquiry into the
mismanagement of funds by the directors okuqondene
of the company. nomthetho adj

We instigated a judicial inquiry into the

mismanagement of funds by the directors
of the company. okwahlulela adjective

Her argument contains sufficient

justification to convince her listeners. ukulungiswa noun

She justified her methodological choices

by discussing potential advantages for the
study. vikela verb

The student justifies his aggressive

behaviour towards his lecturers by
attributing it to personal problems. vuna verb

The poet cleverly juxtaposes silence and

noise. qhathanisa verb

The monsters are skilfully crafted, single

heads which juxtapose abstract and
figurative elements. qhathanisa verb

The strange juxtaposition of father and

son figures within the confined space of
the sailboat prompts one to look at the
painting with greater attention. ukuqhathanisa noun

Although some cultural traditions have

been foresaken, others still form an
integral part of our daily life, often
blending with each other and with modern
elements to present a fascinating
juxtaposition of old and new. ukuqhathanisa noun

Every scientist has to know the basics of

her subject. yazi verb
Greek philosopher Socrates said
thousands of years ago that people who
know that they can never know everything
are truly wise. yazi verb

The possibility that anyone with the know-

how could clone humans has led to an
international ban on human cloning. ukuba nolwazi noun

Having knowledge means that you can

present facts about something correctly
insofar as they can be proven. ulwazi noun

We need to get a knowledgeable person

to solve the problem. nolwazi adjective

One would expect cabinet ministers to be

knowledgeable about matters in their
departments. nolwazi adjective

The modest researcher is known for her

brilliant research. okwaziwayo adjective

The label on the bottle indicates how

many tablets you should take. ilebula noun

She carefully labelled each jar of chemicals

in the laboratory. nika ilebula verb

Her actions bear the label of a finely

civilised woman, but his that of a thug. chaza noun

Throughout the world, people label him as

a leader with true integrity. chaza verb

In a lasting relationship like that of

Timothy and Bianca couples talk to each okuthatha
other about their fears. isikhathi adjective
The centre launched its new research
project in January. yethula verb

They had to remove the old layer of paint

before painting the cupboard blue. uqweqwe noun

There are many layers of meaning in his

paintings. isilinganiso noun

There are many layers of meaning in his

paintings. uhla noun

The Springbok captain has led his team

through a difficult season. hola verb

Drug addiction often leads to criminal

behaviour. ukuholela verb

The economy should recover under a

president who shows strong leadership. umholi noun

The president played a leading role in the

peace negotiations. ukuhola adjective

The professor lectured the students on

genetic manipulation. fundisa verb

The professor gave a lecture on isiZulu

literature. isifundo noun

The professor lectured the students on

genetic manipulation. isifundo verb

It is interesting to see what techniques

speakers use to present their lectures. isifundo noun
The legal age limit for drinking alcohol is
18. okusemthethweni adj

It is important to get legal advice before

you marry. okomthetho adj

Legislation was introduced on the labelling

of genetically manipulated food. umthetho noun

Selling liquor from your home is not a

legitimate business. okufanele adj

Selling liquor from your home is not a

legitimate business. semthethweni adjective

Lemmas are listed in alphabetical order in

the dictionary. ulimu noun

You cannot understand the figurative

nature of literature if you interpret
everything according to the letter. njengoba kunjalo noun

The international conference on new

developments in quantum physics that I
attended was at such a high level that
many of us could not understand the
papers. izinga noun

It is disappointing how standards in

education and in various service delivery
sectors in South Africa are leveled down. yehlisa verb

More and more people are becoming

concerned about the downward levelling
of standards in South Africa’s education
and municipal service delivery systems. ukulinganisa noun

He pushed his body to its physical limits

during the marathon. umkhawulo noun
Students must limit themselves to the
core facts of each test question, otherwise
they will not be able to finish the test. khawula verb

The company has placed a limitation on

the time we have for completing the
project. umkhawulo noun

The time in which we have to complete

the project is limited. kukhawulelwe adjective

Often, scientific progress is hampered by

the limitedness of ideological views. ukukhawulwa adjective

Although the writer’s words follow each

other directly, one must constantly read
back to follow his line of thought. umqondo noun

The author’s work should not be read adjective

linearly. komugqa , adverb

The focus in linguistic journals is obviously

linguistic. okwezilimi adjective

Linguistics focuses on the study of the

language system in general, but different
subdivisions of linguistics focus on the
structure of specific languages. ezolimi noun

A conjunction links two main sentences or

a main sentence and a clause. xhumanisa verb

The link between the main sentence and

the clause is established by a conjunction. xhumanisi noun

List the ten most important causes of

poverty. bala verb

He used the word in its literal sense. okunjalo adj

In legal language, words are usually used
in their literal meaning. ngokoqobo adjective

He is literate in English and Sepedi. ofundile adj

The literate person can recognise all the

letters of the alphabet in different
combinations in words. funda adjective

Whenever my grandmother gives me a

very expensive gift, she always uses
lithotes to downplay it as something
insignificant. i-litotes noun

The mechanic located the fault in the

engine of the car. thola verb

Factories should ideally be located close to

energy sources. tholakala verb

The mechanic located the fault in the

engine of the car. thola verb
Factories should ideally be located close to
energy sources.

The logic behind the idea is almost

impossible to see unless you have read the
first three chapters. isizathu noun

Computer science students are required to

study logic in order to improve their
reasoning skills for advanced ukukwazi
programming. ukucabanga noun

Computer science students are required to

study logic in order to improve their
reasoning skills for advanced
programming.

The judge could not see the logic and

asked the advocate to clarify his
argument. umqondo noun
The report is presented in a simple and
logical way. okunomqondo adj

A logical line of thought does not adjective

necessarily express a valid view. nengqondo , adverb

No one realised the magnitude of the

environmental problem. ububanzi noun

She has found it difficult to maintain a

healthy balance between studying and
partying. gcina verb

He still maintains that he is innocent. phikelela verb

Some municipalities in South Africa are

struggling to maintain basic municipal
services. gcina verb

Unemployment is a major problem in

South Africa. okukhulu adj

Business Management was one of her

majors. isifundo sokugogoda noun
Business Management was one of her
majors.
Unemployment is a major problem in
South Africa.

Tetanus is one of the diseases that clearly

manifests itself in the nervous system. veza verb

The manifest form of liver cancer is

systemic starvation. bonakala adjective

True democracy manifests in equal rights

to all people. bonakala verb

One sees the manifestation of democracy

in equal rights to all. ukubonakala noun
The voters are manipulated by party
propaganda. lawula verb
The crane driver is an expert at
manipulating the huge construction crane. lawula verb

The crane driver is an expert at

manipulating the huge construction crane. phatha verb

His job in the construction industry

involves mostly manual labour. okwezandla adj

A clear and concise manual forms part and

parcel of a good engineering design. ibhukwana noun

If you don't know where the parts are or

what they look like, look in your owner's
manual. imenuwali noun

Lecturers normally write their feedback in

the margins of the written or printed page. indawo esekupheleni noun

Life is tough for those who live on the

margins of society, such as prostitutes and
beggars. abaphila kude noun

The samples in the individual metropolitan

areas are small and the margin of error is
therefore higher. imajini noun

When you read to study, it is helpful to

make notes in the margin about facts that
you may be uncertain about. imajini noun

Xenophobia is often experienced by

foreigners living and working on the
margins of informal neighbourhoods. umngcele noun

umkhawulo
Paramedics have little margin of error. wephutha noun
The lower-paid groups were marginalised
by the emerging middle class. lulaza verb

Karretjiemense are a marginalised group

because farmers no longer employ them
as sheep shearers. lulazwayo adjective

The lecturer marks our assignments. maka verb

I am proud of the excellent mark I

received for my test. maki noun

Students can collect their marked

assignments at prof. Smith’s secretary. makiwe adjective

Professor Anderson is well known for his

strict marking of geology assignments. ukumaka noun

The data in your report does not match

your colleague’s. fana verb

The film director used historical material

to make her film more realistic. impahla noun

The artist skilfully utilised the material

qualities of the canvas and the paint. impahla adj

The film director used historical material

to make her film more realistic. ulwazi noun

The matrix of all life on earth is said to be

the ocean. umongo noun

The data is displayed in a matrix, and then okungamakholomu

discussed verbally. kanye nemigqa noun

The matter of state corruption must be

tackled to the bone. udaba noun
While the mature male whitetail butterfly
has a chalky white abdomen, the female is
generally brown with white spots down
each side. osekukhulile adj

If so much of a species is caught that the

adult fish of that species do not get a
chance to breed, overexploitation takes
place. vuthiwe adjective

The framework designed in the eighties

gradually matured. vuthwa verb

Maximum body length is measured for

each specimen. ubukhulu adj

The university enrols a maximum of 16

000 new first-year students per year. ubuningi noun

Both teams have been battling to win

games lately and they will be desperate to
pocket maximum points from this game. phezulu adjective

If a student sets out his thoughts clearly in

a test answer, his lecturer will understand
what he means. ukusho verb

What does it mean to be really poor? kusho verb

Einstein’s theory of relativity still means a

great deal to today’s cosmologists. kusho verb

I mean, how can you lose a game if you

have an extra player to your advantage? chaza verb

The meaning behind his words is not as

simple as it might seem. incazelo noun
Every student should know the meaning of
certain words in her field of study and also
realise that such words can often mean
something different in ordinary language. incazelo noun

A regular reader understands the literal

and figurative meaning of words. incazelo noun

Our Economics lecturer always encourages

meaningful comments from students
during his lectures. okuzwakalayo adj

Janet doubts the meaningfulness of a

fourth qualification, as her three degrees
have given her a highly satisfying job that
she will lose if she enrolls for another
degree. okunomqondo noun

He replaced the camera's shutter

mechanism which was broken. umshini noun

A special mechanism in the intake system

ensures that the engine delivers the best
performance at all heights above sea level. umshini noun

The five students in the class have a

percentage of 34, 56, 57, 76 and 87,
respectively, and the median is 57. ophakathi noun

She attempted to mediate between her

two colleagues to end the argument. lamula verb

The two lawyers are attempting to

mediate a settlement between the
plaintiff and defendant. xhumanisa verb

She mediated between her two colleagues

to end the argument. lamula verb
Several people have tried to mediate
between the miners and management to
resolve the salary dispute. ukulamula verb

The mediating efforts of several people

were unsuccessful in resolving the salary
dispute. ukulamula adjective

The mediation between management and

the miners was successful and they
returned to work. ukulamula noun

The mediators tried their best to resolve

the salary dispute between the miners and
the management. umlamuli noun

Radio and television are the best media to

communicate important information to a
wide audience. ukuxhumana noun

When food is sold, it must meet the

requirements of basic hygiene. hlangabezana verb

Difficult mathematical calculations require

intense mental effort. okomqondo adj

Young learners should be allowed to read

for fun and not be overwhelmed with
literary metalanguage. i-metalanguage noun

Poets use strategies such as symbolism

and metaphor to contribute to the
ambiguousness of their poetry. isingathekiso noun

Opperman is known for his metaphorical kunesisingatheki

handling of language in his poetry. so adjective

We used different statistical methods of

analysis. indlela noun

The research method is largely

determined by the researcher’s theory
and hypotheses. indlela noun
Dr. Matshego launched a methodical
study of the psychological effects of adjective
unemployment on single-parent families. izindlela , adverb

The research methodology provides a

general approach a researcher uses to
conduct a research study. indlela noun

The methodology used by the researcher

should lead to useful research results. izindlela noun

Many of the labourers on the mines have

migrated from rural areas to mining areas
to find work. fuduka verb

Many mine workers have migrated from

rural areas to mining areas to find work. fuduka verb

Persons with a developed mind more

easily recognise views that are different
from their own. ingqondo noun
The hail caused minimal damage to the
car. okuncanyana adj
The hail caused minimal damage to the
car. okuncane adjective

A minimum of R50 will be charged for the

class notes. okungengaphansi noun

The minimum amount to top-up a cell

phone account is R50. okuphansi adj

The class notes will cost a minimum of

R50. okuphansi noun

Only minor editorial changes were

necessary to prepare the article for
publication. okuncane adj

I made a mistake to underestimate my

opponent’s knowledge of the topic of the
debate. iphutha noun
My mistake about the amount of study
material almost cost me my degree,
because I started reading too late and
therefore I was unprepared for the final
exam. iphutha noun

Writing and speech are the primary modes

of communication studied by linguists,
whereas pictures and 3D-objects are the
primary modes for artists. indlela noun

Jungle dwellers will probably not

understand modern phenomena such as
the computer and smartphone. okwesimanje adjective

Many people blame modernism for the

disappearance of marriage as a traditional
institution because so many young people
nowadays live together without getting
married. isimanjemanje noun

People who accept everything that is

modern and liberal as good and right,
without critical thinking, are modernist in
their outlook on life. okwesimanje adjective

Wordsworth has been transformed by

literary theory from a poet of nature to a
key figure of modernity. ukuba isimanje noun

Research on the modification of all types

of games can be a valuable contribution to
the game-based learning environment. ukulungiswa noun
Research on the modification of different
types of games can be a valuable
contribution to the game-based learning
environment. ukulungiswa noun

The results of his experiments led to the

modification of his initial hypotheses. ukulungiswa noun

They planted genetically modified seeds. kulungisiwe adjective

She modified the recipe by using water

instead of milk. lungisa verb

Researchers modify their initial

hypotheses if they are refuted by their
experiments. lungisa verb

Water and Sanitation Forums have gained

momentum as communities realise the
importance of their effectiveness as
platforms to articulate their grievances on
service delivery. umgqigqo noun

The teacher monitored his reading and

saw great improvement in speed and
understanding as the year progressed. bheka verb

One of the tools for understanding words

is morphological knowledge, because the
stem of a word contains the basic ukwakheka
meaning. kwamagama adjective

ucwaningo
The morphology of words is useful if one lokwakhekha
wants to trace the meaning of words. kwamagama noun
In the example sentence, each italic word
is a motif. umbono noun
The promotion motivated him to work
harder. gqugquzela verb
The promotion motivated him to work
harder.

Remember to motivate your answers. sekela verb

If you make statements without

motivating them with facts and examples,
they are unconvincing. sekela verb

yesekela (elesiNgisi
lisetshenziswa
Students are often required to motivate eNingizimu Afrika
yes/no answers by giving explanations. kuphela) verb

Each of his statements is well motivated

by fact and example. kusekelwe adjective

The speaker soon convinced the panel

with his well-motivated statements. kusekelwe adjective

People with strong intrinsic motivation

usually succeed in what they do. ugqozi noun

People with strong intrinsic motivation

usually succeed in what they do. isisusa noun

Statements without factual motivation do

not convince the critical reader. isisusa noun

isisekelo (elesiNgisi
Before the board could accept his scheme, lisetshenziswa
he had to produce a convincing motivation eNingizimu Afrika
in writing. kuphela) noun

Investigators were unable to establish a

motive for the crime. isisusa noun
Teachers usually aim to build a
relationship of mutual respect and
understanding between themselves and
their learners. okufanayo adj

Creation myths are found in many

cultures. insumansumane noun

It is a myth that trolls live under bridges. amanga noun

It is a myth that trolls live under bridges. inganekwane noun

Professor Seakhoa has been named the

new vice-rector of the university. khetha verb

Alcohol often negates the effects of the

medicine. yilwa verb

Fatherhood can apparently be negated

until seven days after birth then reality
kicks in. phika verb

The term LOAD SHEDDING is a neologism

which came into existence because of
Eskom’s inability to provide electricity. ukuqamba igama noun

The neologistic word LOAD SHEDDING

originated during South Africa’s electricity
crisis in 2018. ukuqamba igama adjective

The extended network of the family is

thought to be the foundation of a
successful society. inethiwekhi noun
okuphakathi
I prefer to remain neutral on this matter. nendawo adj

All business communication should use

neutral language. okungalumeli adj
Business communication should use ngathathi
neutral language. hlangothi. adjective

It was a predictable, nevertheless

entertaining, film. naphezu kwalokho adverb
The next aspect to be addressed is fire
prevention. okulandelayo adjective

The next aspect that will be dealt with, is

the prevention of fires. okulandelayo adjective

She found her niche in the banking world

as an equities trader. isikhundla noun

Some of the most popular music was

created as a result of musicians and inkolelo yokuthi
singers using the principle of nihilism to ukuphila
create original sounds. akunanjongo noun

The self-destructive urge of many young

people is often explained as the result of
their nihilistic feeling about life, therefore ukukholelwa
one can in a sense refer to them as ukuthi ukuphila
nihilists. akunanjongo adjective

He nominated his friend as class

representative. qoka verb
I know the nominated vice-rector of the
university. khethiwe adjective

A student’s level of academic literacy is

not the only factor that influences his or
her performance, it is nonetheless one of
the critical contributing factors that
determines academic success. naphezu kwalokho adverb
Women who stay at home and live off
their husbands' incomes are no longer the
norm in the USA. imvama noun

Women who stay at home and live off

their husbands’ incomes are no longer the
norm in the USA. okujwayelekile noun

There are a number of norms that

determine whether a prospective student
is ready for academic study at a university. isimiso noun

Anger is a healthy, normal emotion when

expressed appropriately. okwejwayelekile adj

Anger is a healthy, normal emotion when

expressed appropriately. vamile adjective

Language teaching that aims at a generally

accepted form of the target language is
normative in nature. okwejwayelekile adjective

A notable feature is the ease with which

children interact with technology. phawulekayo adjective

Our lecturer always notes something

encouraging in our assignments, even if
we did not do well. phawula verb

Two applications are noteworthy to

consider for the position. ukukhunjulwa noun

A private sale exposes one to various risks,

but two are particularly noteworthy. okuphawulekayo noun

The researcher noticed significant

differences during his observation of
chimpanzees and gorillas. qaphela verb
As early as 1725 John Clarke examined the
notion of moral good and evil. umqondo noun

Notwithstanding the evidence, the man

will not be charged with murder. naphezu kokuba prep
Notwithstanding the evidence, the man
will not be charged with murder.

She had the novel idea of running a street

theatre on a regular basis in the central
business district of the city. okusha adj

The writer’s novels are studied in English

departments all over the country. inoveli noun

Her novel idea is to open a street theater

in the central business district of the city. okusha adjective

The experienced poet creates subtle

nuances of darkness and light through umehluko
punning. omncane noun

The skilled painter nuances her painting umehluko

with different shades of green. omncane verb

ukwenza
The skilled poet manages to nuance his umehluko
poem with a wordplay of light and dark. omncane verb

The nuanced wordplay of light and dark in kwenziwe

the poem is fascinating. ukwehluka adjective

Only the experienced painter sees the kwenziwe

nuanced use of green in her painting. ukwehluka adjective
An increase in nuclear charge results in a
greater attraction between the electron
and the nucleus. okunenuzi adj

The country is looking into using nuclear

energy more extensively in the near
future. okwenuzi adj

Objectification of his own emotional

reactions during a court case is one of the
outstanding qualities of a competent
judge. ukungakhethi noun

In order to render a fair verdict, a judge

must objectify her own emotional ukungathathi
reactions. uhlangothi verb

Her objective was to obtain six distinctions

for Grade 12. injongo noun

The teacher tries to be an objective

marker of assignments in order to be fair
to the learners. okungavuni adj

According to constructivists there is no okungaphandle

objective reality. kwengqondo adj

Her objective was to obtain six

distinctions. umgomo noun

The judge’s objective verdict was

astounding precisely because his friends adjective
were involved in the crime. ukungakhethi , adverb

No modern version of contract law wholly umbono

embodies subjectivism or objectivism. wokungakhethi noun
A researcher is required to allow
participants to withdraw their responses
at any time during the research. cindezela verb

Susan is an observant student who sees

the finest details of a case. ukuqaphela adjective

Susan’s observantness is astounding – she

sees detail that others completely miss. ukuqapha noun

The researcher compiled his longstanding

observations about the behaviour of
chimpanzees and baboons in a report. ukuqaphela noun

Fine observation is important in the field,

where botany students should be able to
point out differences between plant
species. ukubhekisisa noun

During the lesson the lecturer observed

that many students had not downloaded
the notes. buka verb

It looks like it is going to rain, she

observed. ukuphawula verb

During the entire process the design

protocol has to be observed. gcina umthetho verb

The researcher observed significant

differences between chimpanzees and
gorillas. qaphela verb

Botany students observe fine differences

between plants in the field. qaphela verb
The researcher carefully notes all the
differences observed between the
chimpanzees and the baboons. qasheliwe adjective

I was told my old computer was obsolete okungasasetshenzisw

and I can’t get replacement parts. a adj

He obtained permission to miss school for

a day so that he could attend the funeral. nikwa verb

Prof. Cunningham obtained all his degrees

at the University of Pretoria. thola verb

Dr. Motlanthe recently added a B.Comm.

degree to his already obtained degrees. tholiwe adjective

He missed the obvious fact that someone

tampered with the sample. okucace bha adj

The city of London occupies a space of 2.9

square kilometres. thatha indawo verb

The squatters occupied the land illegally. ngena endaweni verb

The head of the English Department has

occupied several important positions
before her appointment in the current
post. bamba izintambo verb

The head of the English Department has

occupied several important positions
before her appointment in the current
post. thatha verb

The city of London covers an area of 2,9

square kilometers. thatha verb

The disease occurs primarily in adults. tholakala verb

The theft of the three computers occurred
yesterday morning. enzeka verb

The theft of the three computers occurred

yesterday morning. kwenzeka verb

It happened in a small town in Minnesota

about fifty-odd years ago cishe adj

During the observation one baby behaved

in an odd way. okwehlukile adj

It happened in a small town in Minnesota

about fifty-odd years ago ngalingene adjective

Authorities use non-violent methods to

offset violent methods. ukuthengana verb

The design and development of new

learning material is an ongoing process. okuqhubekayo adj

The onus rests on the students to pass

their subjects. umthwalo noun

In my opinion, the author of the

monograph conducted insufficient
research to come to any definite
conclusions. umbono noun

Asking someone's opinion and then

embarrassing her in front of a group of
people by disregarding her input, is
bullying. umbono noun

In my opinion, the author of the

monograph conducted insufficient
research to come to any definite
conclusions. umbono noun
A person’s opinion is based on his or her
subjective value system and therefore not
necessarily true. umbono noun

Her opinionated attitude shows that she

thinks she alone has the truth. ukuba nombono adjective

The public debate between the two

experts is going to continue for a long
time, because if one claims X, the other
tries to prove the opposite. phambene noun

Online course delivery has become a into ekhethwayo

viable option. noma ethandwayo noun

You have two options: a full-length essay

or two short paragraph answers. inketho noun

Because the question is optional, you can

ignore it if you don’t understand it. okokuzikhethela adjective

Bibliographical references must be

arranged in alphabetical order according
to authors’ surnames. ukuhleleka noun

Economic systems are orientated towards

production of commodities. lungiselela verb

Students at technical colleges are

orientated towards practical subjects. qondisa verb

Many young people are often simply

thrown into the deep end without being
properly orientated or inducted. jwayela verb

Students at technical colleges are

orientated towards practical subjects. jwayezisa verb
They are a disciplined, well-trained choir,
with an orthodox feel. ubu-orthodox adjective

The difference between test cricket – with

orthodox field placings – and instant
cricket where the limiting of runs is about
all that matters, is big. ubu-orthodox adjective

Modern believers increasingly experience

the orthodoxy of the traditional Christian imfundiso yobu-
churches as alienating and exaggerated. orthodox noun
The outcome of the negotiations were
disappointing. umphumela noun

The output of the firm has increased

during the past year as a result of a
greater demand. umsebenzi owenziwe noun

The output of the firm has increased

during the past year as a result of a
greater demand. okuphumayo noun

The learners showed an overall

improvement in their reading, writing and
spelling abilities. jikelele adj

There is a considerable overlap between

the syllabi for mathematics and physics. ukuxhumana noun

This year the July school and university

holidays overlap by two weeks. ukwedlulana verb

There is a considerable overlap between

the syllabus for mathematics and physics. ukwabelana noun
One has to be careful not to become
overly romantic when longing for the farm
life of yesteryear. kakhulu adverb

The book gives a good overview of South

African history from the Stone Age to the
present. qaphu qaphu noun

Oxymoron or not, quad bikes are loads of

fun for young and old. ukuziphikisa noun

The office is visible through the door’s

glass panel. iphaneli noun

The panel comprised of academic staff and

senior students. iphaneli noun

It is interesting to see what techniques

speakers use to present their papers at a
conference. isifundo noun

Cape Town stands as the paradigm of a

vibrant tourist destination in South Africa. isibonelo noun

Recent research challenges the current

philosophical paradigm. umongo noun

Nelson Mandela has become the paradigm

of a statesman with integrity for people
across the world. umbandela noun

The paradigm of apartheid in South Africa

has changed since 1994. umbandela noun

Oppression is a paradigmatic violation of

human rights. i-paradigmatic adjective

For me, the greatest paradox is the

simultaneous experience of sadness and
joy. indida noun
The saying Fight for peace is paradoxical. kuyindida adjective

This new computer has functions parallel

to those of a tablet. okufanayo adj

He strongly feels that the artist and the

student should develop along parallel
lines, emphasising the interdependence of
the two parties from which both would
learn and grow. bhekene adjective

A parallel is drawn between two issues

when they are compared. qhathanisa noun

Instead of quoting three full paragraphs

verbatim, the author writes a brief
paraphrase of the main points of the isho ngamagama
passage he wants to discuss. wakho noun

If you paraphrase an article, you need to ukusho

understand it, otherwise you might not be ngamagama
able to capture the spirit of the research. wakho verb

kushiwo
Her paraphrased version of the article ngamagama
shows that she understands the content. wakho adjective

He included the example as a parenthesis

to his main argument. incazelo ekubakaki noun

In the following sentence, the parenthesis

appears between commas: The author,
who happens to be my cousin, received
the MC Moller Award for entomological
research this year. abakaki noun

Authors often add parenthetical remarks if

they want to emphasise something. kunabakaki adjective
The parodied presentation of the famous
painting Mona Lisa is condemned by art
experts. ukwenza ihlaya adjective

The most popular drama of the year was a ukwenza

parody of King Lear. inhlekisa noun

Cartoonists regularly parody politicians’ ukwenza

behaviour and appearance. inhlekisa verb

The undermining and parodying of history

is characteristic of postmodernist fiction. ukulingisa noun

The paronyms reflect and reflex are

derived from the same stem. isichasiso noun

Paronymic word are words like sing and

singer, wise and wisdom. kunesichasiso adjective

The students are encouraged to

participate in class discussions. bamba iqhaza verb

Students must pay particular attention to

spelling when writing an essay. okuthile adj

Students must pay particular attention to

spelling when writing an essay. ikakhulukazi adjective

The partisans chained themselves to trees

to save the forest. umlweliwezwe noun

Celtic, lying fourth from the bottom, are

always dangerous customers especially
when playing before their partisan
followers. umshisekeli adjective
They are dangerous customers, especially
when playing before their partisans umshisekeli noun

The children are portrayed as passive

recipients of culture. okuvumayo adj

"The ball was kicked by the boy" is an

example of a sentence in the passive impambosi
voice. yokwenziwa noun

An example of a sentence in the passive is:

The ball was kicked by the boy. ukuqala ngento noun

The students struggle to understand the

peculiar pronunciation of their new
lecturer didayo adjective

The pendulum of public opinion regarding

abortion has swung from pro-life to pro-
choice. iphendulamu noun

This study focuses on the way students

perceive artistically created medical
images for learning purposes. ukubona; ukuqonda verb

A substance is perceived as a liquid when

it flows freely like water. bona verb

Botany students perceive the finer

differences between plants in the veld. bona verb

The average percentage of the first-year

mathematics class was 45 percent. iphesenti noun

If you look at the first-year students'

maths marks on a percentage basis, this
looks like a group of hard-working
students. iphesenti noun
This year’s class did 7 percentage points iphoyinti
better than last year’s group. lephesenti noun

He was absent for a period of three

months. isikhathi noun

The post-war period was characterised by

strict economic measures. isikhathi noun

The 1980s was a turbulent period in the

SA history. inkathi noun

The periodic outbreak of violence in the

Middle East is worrying. ngokwenkathi

It is an accepted technique to periodise

the history of a country according to hlukanisa
decades. ngezikhathi verb

With a policy of eleven official languages,

the role of African languages and
literature must be freed from the
peripheral and submissive role it has okuphathelene
played in the past. nomngcele adjective

The government seems to focus delivery

on the centre and ignores the periphery – okuphathelene
that is, rural areas. nomngcele noun
The permanency of our country’s
electricity supply is determined by factors
such as crime-free service delivery and
corruption-free managers. unomphela noun

Perpetual sadness is a characteristic of

depressed people. okunganqamuki adj

His perpetual lateness in the morning is

irritating staff members. okuqhubeka njalo adj
Perpetual sadness is a characteristic of
depressed people.

He persists in his endeavours to get

assisted euthanasia legalised. phokophela verb

Rumours of corruption persisted for many

months although the department denied
the charges. qhubeka verb

When the author says the clouds are

crying and the wind is panting in the ukuzenza
chimney, he uses personification. samuntu noun

The personified verb suggests that the rain kwenziwe

will be portrayed as a person. samuntu adjective

When the poet writes: The wind sings in

the reeds, he uses personification and
thus personifies the wind. samuntu verb

Her perspective on the death penalty was

coloured by her religious conviction. umbono noun

Watching the TV news every day helps me

keep my own problems in perspective. into ehlala iqondile noun

Watching the TV news every day helps me

keep my own problems in perspective.
Pieter did not travel much and also read
little outside his field of reference,
consequently his perspective on other
cultures was limited. umbono noun

Students who consider all perspectives on

their topic write in a perspective style. umbono adjective

The English teacher want to persuade the

students to read different genres. ncenga; nxenxa verb

The English teacher tries to persuade the

students to read different genres. kholisa verb

The organisers are hoping to persuade a

few more sponsors to come on board. kholisa verb

Techniques of persuasion in written and

verbal communication make readers and
listeners feel the author or speaker is
communicating with conviction. ukukholisa noun

The charismatic speaker’s persuasive

speaking style leaves listeners hanging on adjective
his lips. kholisayo , adverb

A good student asks pertinent questions. okushaya khona adj

The smell of pizza pervaded the kitchen. sabalala verb

Her teenager is going through a rebellious

phase. isigaba noun

Computer literacy classes are being

phased into the curriculum. faka verb
Winston Churchill was a phenomenal
British politician – indeed a phenomenon! mangalisayo adjective

Friedrich Hegel’s way of reasoning is isayensi

phenomenological. yokumangalisayo adjective

Phenomenology is a trend in philosophy

that maintains that every individual has a
unique state of knowledge, based on isayensi
previous experiences and inherited ideas. yezenzakalo noun

The phenomenon of gang violence is a

major cause of concern for sociologists
and psychologists. isimangaliso noun

A solar eclipse always remains an

interesting phenomenon. isimangaliso noun

Meteorologists are interested in natural isenzeko

phenomena such as floods and droughts. esiyisimanga noun

I have never experienced such a adjective

philosophical attitude! okwefilosofi , adverb

During yesterday’s philosophical debate

about the independent place of ethics
outside the context of belief, I realised adjective
how philosophical the debaters think. okwefilosofi , adverb

My roommate can spend hours with his

friends philosophising about the relativity
of truth. ukwenza ifilosofi verb

His degree is in philosophy. injulalwazi noun

It is essential that all students understand
at least the basic philosophy underlying
their field of study. ifilosofi noun

He prefers physical challenges, like

running marathons, to studying. okomzimba adj

The film’s special effects have played a

pivotal role in attracting large audiences. okumqoka adj

Students who commit plagiarism will not

be given any credit for plagiarised work. yeba imibhalo verb

You plagiarise if you copy an author’s

exact words and style and pretend that it
is your own. kopela verb

Somebody who presents the exact words

of another writer without
acknowledgment of author and source
text commits plagiarism. ukukophela noun

Sometimes your personal circumstances

can prevent you following the career path
you have planned. hlela verb

Find out as much as you can about the

planned change and why it is happening. hleliwe adjective

Learn how to use spreadsheets for your

financial planning. ukuhlela noun

Politicians are inclined to think that they

are satisfying their constituents by making
ample use of platitudes, but that is not the
case. isifiso noun

An inexperienced writer often uses

pleonasm to demonstrate a flashy style or ukusebenzisa
because she has not yet learned to amagama
formulate accurately. amaningi noun
 ukusebenzisa
amagama
amaningi
The writer’s style is clearly pleonastic. kunokudingekile adjective

Did you follow the plot of the movie or are

you just as confused as I am? ingqikithi noun

The influence of AIDS on human health is a

sensitive point of discussion. iphuzu noun

The impact of changing weather patterns

on the economy is the next point of
discussion. iphuzu noun

Cognitive experts regard intelligence as

the ability to temporarily experience a
situation from a different point of view
than your own. umbono noun

The positions put forward by the two

academics fall at opposite poles of the
debate ipali noun

The polemical letters in the press show

how divided the people are about the new ukuhlasela adjective
government appointments. ngamazwi , adverb

The new policy entrenches

multilingualism. inqubomgomo noun
igama
elinezincazelo
The word HAND has different polysemes. eziningi noun
ukuba
nezincazelo
The word LEG is polysemic. eziningi adjective
ukuba
nezincazelo
Polysemy is fairly general in all languages. eziningi noun
A portion of the profits will be given to the
old age home. ingxenye noun
She portioned out the sweets between the
three children. hlukanisa verb

She portrayed herself as a victim of child

abuse. chaza verb

The novel portrays the joys and sorrows of

a human life. veza verb

The ordinary soldier is portrayed as a

moral and religious figure, while the
officers represent the heartless authority. veza verb

If talent were to be measured in terms of

how a singer portrays emotion in a song
(instead of measuring it in album sales)
then this singer wins hands down. veza verb

The author’s sensuous portrayal of her

characters makes them convincing. ukuvezwa noun

According to the Leroux children,

Kannemeyer’s portrayal of Etienne
Leroux’s life is particularly accurate. ukuvezwa noun

Shift work and working long hours pose

great problems for employees and
employers. dala verb

This chapter discusses the research

questions posed. buza verb

Shift work and working long hours pose

great problems for employees and
employers. bangela verb
This chapter discusses the research
questions posed. phakamisa verb

He posits that learning is motivated by

imagination, meaningful opportunities and
communication with others. beka verb
There are positive signs that she will
recover. okuhle adj

The new curriculum has received positive

response from academic departments. okuvumayo adj

He was positive that he had paid the

electricity bill. okunesiqiniseko adj

The new curriculum has received positive

response from academic departments.

Critical theory departs form positivism by

taking into account cultural and social
conditions which necessarily influence
interpretation. i-positivism noun

Teachers who accept only one answer in

all cases as correct are positivistic in their
approach. i-positivistic adjective

It is now possible to digitise visual images,

text, sound and even touch, and
disseminate information encoded in these
modes via computers. okungenzeka adj

I believe it is possible to have fun and be

cool and also to be responsible, sensitive
and tactful. ngenzeka adjective

To a great extent the literature on post-

structuralism has been dominated by
philosophers and modern language i-post-
theorists. structuralism noun
The post-structuralist views of writers
such as Derrida, Foucault and Deleuze
have strongly antagonised the more
traditional scholars and caused
repercussions especially in the world of i-post-
literary criticism. structuralist adjective

To a great extent the literature on

postmodernism has been dominated by imiphumela
philosophers and modern language yezinto
theorists. zesimanje noun

If you think truth is relative because it is

determined by social, historical and imiphumela
cultural contexts, you think in a yezinto
postmodernist way. zesimanje adjective

Researchers postulate that a big comet

killed the dinosaurs. ukusho into ethile verb

Offe challenges the postulate of an

organised capitalism. sikisela noun

MacMillan (2019: 445) postulates that

violence often occurs in well-to-do
households. sikisela verb

The increase of malaria is a potential

threat to Sub-Saharan Africa. okungase kwenzeke adj

When he killed his pet, it became clear okusemathubeni

that had a potential for violence. okwenzeka noun
When he killed his pet, it became clear
that he had a potential for violence. okungenzeka noun

A practical solution to poverty is adjective

employment and training. okusebenzayo , adverb

The old doctor wants his daughter to take

over his practice when he retires. umsebenzi noun

The scientific practice requires the same

kind of dedication with which good
athletes practice their sport. phrakthiza noun

The old doctor wants his daughter to take

over his practice when he retires.

Lobola is a common practice in Africa. umkhuba noun

The strongest religions practised in the

Caribbean today include Christianity and
African religious survivals. buyekeza verb

Mohamed took us to small artists' village

where this unique art form is practised. phrakthiza verb

Practicing scientific research requires the

same kind of dedication with which good
athletes practice their sport. phrakthiza verb

Some doctors practice while others do

medical research. yenza kusebenze verb

She was treated by a medical practitioner. umsebenzi noun

A pragmatic approach to problem-solving
is an American philosophical tradition
centred on the linking of practice and okubuswa umqondo
theory. othile adj

The pragmatic politician thinks practically

if she warns against the consequences of
decisions in the everyday life of the adjective
community. nekhono , adverb

Pragmatism should be thoroughly

considered by politicians when making
promises to voters. ukucabanga noun

The pragmatist tries to solve a problem by

looking at what can be done that is
practically possible and feasible. umcabangeli noun
The main research project was preceded
by a pilot study. landelwa verb

A five-year study period in America

preceded his current study in South Africa. landulela verb

A tax law meaning takes precedence over

other internal law meanings. okuhamba phambili noun

We urge them not to allow greed to take

precedence over fairness. kuqala noun

You must also describe the preceding

events and not just the current crisis. yandulelalyo adjective

I consider loyalty to be a precious trait in a

friendship. gugu adjective

He precipitated the staffing crisis by

resigning from his job. phulukundlelisa verb
Your decision to drop the mathematics
module was precipitate - you will regret it
later. okunokutatazela adj

What is disturbing is that this

confrontation could precipitate campus
unrest. bangela verb

Definitions of concepts need to be precise. ncamashi adj

Good reading habits in adolescents are

predicted by early exposure to print
materials. qagela verb
We cannot predict what is going to
happen. bikezela verb
Death is the predominant theme of the
poem. okukhulu adj

The response of the students to the

lecture was predominantly positive. velele adjective
Death is the predominant theme of the
poem.

Laws against racial prejudice must be

strictly enforced. ingcindezi noun

People who hold a prejudiced view of

dissidents show a lack of objective
thinking. ubandlulo adjective

The athlete did well in the preliminary

races, but lost the main race. isendlalelo adj
You may not sit for the exam unless you into eyenzeka
have taken part in the preliminaries. ngaphambilini noun

You may not sit for the exam unless you

have taken part in the preliminaries.

Our law system is based on the premise

that you are innocent until proven guilty. umqondo noun

He premised his argument on the idea

that all genders are equal. beka ngokucacile verb

A conclusion follows a premise. isisekelo noun

The preponderance of opinion lies with
the moderate thinkers. ukubaluleka noun

The preposition “in” in “The book is in the

library” shows location. undaweni noun

In the sentence The book is in the library,

the preposition (in) shows location. isabizwana noun

She presents her paper convincingly. kwethula verb

The student’s presentation was

particularly convincing as she supported
her statements with examples that were
illustrated through computer graphics. isethulo noun

Her career as a writer has brought her

immeasurable prestige. ukuphakanyelwa noun
Her career as a writer has brought her
prestige. udumo noun

I presume that you are still coming to the

party. thatha ngokuthi verb

Since she has already published two

articles it is presumed that she is able to
complete her PhD. thatha ngokuthi verb

Belief in magic prevails in some parts of

the country. hamba phambili verb

Different conceptions of death and disease

have prevailed during different periods of
history. hlaluka verb

Recent visitors may have noticed the

pristine environment and safe, friendly
atmosphere that now prevails there. vama verb

The previous chapter was about the

human skeleton. okwedlule adj

A primary cause of infant mortality is lack

of clean water. okunqala adj

Smoking is the prime cause of lung cancer. okukhulu adj

The principal component of natural gas is
methane. okukhulu adj

Gravity is one of the basic principles of

physics. umgomo noun

In principle, we could soon enjoy holidays

on the moon. ngokuvamile noun
Our philosophy professor is a principled
man who does not deviate from his life
principles. nezimiso adjective

He had prior knowledge of the fraud. ngaphambilini adj

You must prioritise your activities, yenza kuze

otherwise you will neglect your studies. okubalulekile verb

Writing support remains a low priority at

some universities. okubekwa phambili noun

The welfare of our children is our main

concern, and their best interests are our
first priority. okubalulekile noun

It is probable that different results will be

obtained, since the soil conditions were
different. kusengenzeka adj

Domestic violence probably also occurs in

affluent households. cishe adverb
Our main problem today is
unemployment. inkinga noun

It is extremely problematic if students

commit plagiarism because it impairs the
integrity of the academic world. kunenkinga adjective

The high unemployment rate further yenza kube

problematises the crime situation. inkinga verb

You have obtained four out of five at this

level, and may proceed to the next level of
the program. qhubeka verb

Writing as a process involve planning,

writing, revising and editing. uhlelo noun
Writing is a dynamic intellectual process of
writing and rewriting until you know
readers will understand your text. inqubo noun

Researchers who treat their research as a

process take longer to complete their
degree. inqubo noun

Statistics South Africa process a large

amount of data annually. dlulisa verb

You need to procure the services of a

lawyer to handle the dispute. qasha verb

Academics must produce a number of

academic articles annually to advance
their careers. khiqiza verb

The product of her years of research was a

brilliant thesis. umkhiqizo noun

From her four articles this year, one can

see that she was academically productive. khiqizayo adjective

umuntu
It is not difficult to see that the carpentry onokuqeqeshwa
was done by a professional. okuthile noun

The company is looking to recruit young

professional people. oqeqeshiwe adj

The company is looking to recruit young

professional people. uchwepheshe adjective

I understand most of dr. Van Jaarsveld’s

lectures in spite of their profound nature,
because he explains concepts so clearly. julile adjective

It is often difficult for the hasty reader to

read a profound argument and truly
understand it. julile adjective
It was an event filled with profundity. ubuhlakani noun

It is a challenge for speedy readers to

understand the profundity of certain
literary texts, because it is time consuming
to read them with thought and attention. ukujula noun

During the study’s progress certain

limitations and obstacles became evident. ukuqhubeka noun

The progression in the student’s

performance is reflected by her improving inqubekela-
marks. phambili noun

There was a progressive improvement in qhubekela adjective

the student’s marks. phambili , adverb

Smoking is prohibited in most restaurants. ukungavumeli verb

The business projected that its profits

would increase by 20% in the next year. veza verb

He has three projects to complete for

Accounting 101. iprojekthi noun

The business projected that its profits

would increase by 20 percent in the next
year. bikezela verb

He used his influence to promote Liberal

views in his native country. khuthaza verb

She was promoted to head of department. khushulwa verb

The documents are proof that he

committed fraud. ubufakazi noun
The missionaries propagated their religion
in Africa. fundisa verb
The missionaries propagated their religion
in Africa. sabalalisa verb

Children who grow up in dysfunctional

homes may have a propensity to violence. ukuthanda noun

A small proportion of the earth’s

volcanoes is active. isimo sendawo noun

Your mark will improve in proportion to

the amount of effort you put in. ngobungako noun

The man has a harmonic physique,

because his torso is in harmonious
proportion to his lower body. isilinganiso noun
The proportions of the building made it
look strange. isilinganiso noun

Everyone gratefully accepted the

chairman’s proposal that the committee
adjourn for lunch. isisikiselo noun

The chairman proposes that the

committee adjourn for lunch because
everyone is hungry. sikisela verb

The committee members immediately

carried out the chair’s proposed action. sikiselwe adjective

There is no immediate prospect to

increase research productivity. ithuba noun

According to her research protocol she is

using a mixed methods approach. iphrothokholi noun

The purpose of science is to test a

hypothesis to see if it is provable. ngafakazeka adjective
He proved that sucrose is not more
detrimental than fructose in diabetic
patients. bonisa verb

The validity of his theory relies on newly

proven facts. fakazelwe adjective

The textbooks provided do not meet the

needs of the students. nikeza verb

A good publication record can give an

applicant a definite advantage over co-
applicants. ushicilelo noun

Government have a new publication on

the actual crime statistics for the country. ushicilelo noun

The research comes shortly after the

publication of a book on South African
emigration patterns. ukushicilela noun

The proceedings followed the publication

of a government report on the local film
and television industry. ukushicilela noun

The publication was compiled by the

training and development officer. isinyatheliso noun

She found someone to publish her poems. shicilela verb

She found someone to publish her poems. shicilela verb

The laptop was a necessary purchase. okuthengwayo noun

Since the firm has been noted on the stock
market employees may purchase shares in
it. thenga verb

They just signed an offer to purchase the

house. thenga verb
The letter purports to be an original
document. ukuzishaya sengathi verb
He purports to speak on behalf of the ukwenza
residents. sengathi verb

The purpose of her medical studies is to

become a successful pediatrician. injongo noun

One can see from the purposeful way in

which she studies that she wants to pass
with distinction at the end of the year. ngokwenjongo adjective
The government pursued a policy of
equality. landelela verb

With guidance and support, she pursues

her dreams. phishekela verb

Religious people love books with a

religious purview. injongo noun

She welcomed the proposal without

qualification. ukulungiswa noun

The statement requires qualification. ukulungiswa noun

The student was not honest about his

qualifications. isiqu noun

He felt compelled to qualify his answer. sekela verb

The adjective qualifies the noun. sekela verb

Certain statements will have to be
qualified to make the argument stronger. sekela verb

Her father qualified as a teacher 28 years

ago. faneleka verb

The adjective stands in a qualifying

relation to the noun. chazayo adjective

Open-ended questions were used to

collect qualitative data. okuyikhwalithi adj

Qualitative research focuses on the

experimental process and the influence of
context on data. ikhwalithi adjective

The quality of her research is the product

of expertise and dedication. ikhwalithi noun

Data that can be analysed numerically and

mathematically are quantitative in nature. ngobuningi adjective

In the last few years, growth has been

deliberately limited so that the focus can
be on quality rather than quantity. ubuningi noun

Einstein seriously questioned Niels Bohr’s

quantum theory early in the 20th century,
because he did not believe in its validity. umbuzo verb

Niels Bohr refuted Einstein’s questioning

of his quantum theory at the large
gathering of scientists in 1927 by providing
evidence for each and every one of
Einstein’s questions. ukubuza noun
When you want to use quotations in a text
that you are writing, the sources of such
quotations should be properly
acknowledged. amazwi acashuniwe noun

He quoted from a reputable source to give

his own writing more credibility. caphuna verb

Quoted words must be enclosed in

quotation marks. cashuniwe adjective

He had a radical change of mind. okunamandla adj

During those days his progressive views

were regarded to be radical. okubeleselayo adj

It's tempting to make radical changes in

many areas of your life. khulu adjective

Religious radicals stormed into the

cathedral and overturned the sculptures
of saints. isikhwishikhwishi noun

He used a random sample of 1500

housewives to determine their opinions
on waste separation in the home. ngokungaqondile adj

When the fluid was heated, molecules

start moving randomly. ngokungahleliwe adj
The findings are based on a random
sample survey of 1 450 registered voters
in South Africa. ngokungahleliwe adj

He used a random sample of 1 500

housewives to determine their opinions
on waste separation in the home. ngahleliwe adjective

The accumulation of random facts often adjective

occurs in assignments. ngahleliwe , adverb

The randomness of statements without

motivation is one reason why students fail
in their assignments. ukungahlelwa noun

The software package has a range of

applications in quantity surveying. inxanxathela noun

The age range of the participants is

between 18 and 21. ubungako noun

Prices range between R5 000 and R7 000. yehlukana verb

His interests range from mechanics to

fishing. sukela verb

He is going to talk to the education

department to see how schools can be
involved in a series of competitions from
poster design to songwriting. ububanzi noun
Her interests range from mechanics to
fishing. hlanganisa verb

The rated tennis players are all within the

top ten of the country. linganiselwe adjective

The student/teacher ratio at the university

is 22 to 1. ubungako noun

The ratio of 32 learners per teacher was

finalised after consultations with teacher
unions and school governing body
organisations. isilinganiso noun

Faced with the increased tax, many

business owners will make the rational
decision to spend their profits rather than
reinvest. okunengqondo adj

We are waiting for a rational explanation

of the peculiar legislation. okunengqondo adjective

We must make decisions that are rational

and in our own best interests. okunengqondo adjective

Please think twice about this, and then

make a rational decision. okunengqondo adjective

People often use the psychological trick of

rationalisation as a defense mechanism to
justify their poor behaviour through
simplified arguments. ukuzithethelela noun

He offers all sorts of rationalisations for his

strange behaviour. ukuzithethelela noun
A spokesperson confirmed the company
was proceeding with a rationalisation plan
but said retrenchment figures had not
been finalised. ukudiliza noun

Hitler’s re-occupation of the Ruhr area

was a calculated decision, therefore
historians can rationalise it. hlaziya verb

The government now has to rationalise

and cut public service posts, because the
country can clearly not afford the salary
bill of public servants. diliza verb

His rationalised arguments didn’t fool

anyone, because everyone knew what was
really happening. kunengqondo adjective

It is actually incomprehensible that people

living in a so-called postmodern time still
fall back into the rationalism of two ukucabanga
centuries ago. okunengqondo noun

A rationalistic approach to problem solving

denies the equally valid role that
emotions, intuition, sensuality and
imagination can play within human ocabanga
reasoning. ngokunengqondo adjective

When the rich believe the poor will revolt, ukwenza okuthile
they react by trying to impose draconian ngemuva kwesehlo
restrictions. esithile verb

Students usually react positively to an

enthusiastic lecturer. sabela verb
It is evident from the students’ positive
reaction that they enjoyed the lecture. ukusabela noun

For her the graduation ceremony was the

realisation of her dream. feza noun

In his publications of twenty years later he

realized that he had made an over
generalisation. bona verb

Twenty years later he realised that he had

made a mistake. qaphela verb
She eventually realised that her actions
had been wrong. qaphela verb

After eight years of dedicated study, she

realised her dream of a doctorate in
Physics. feza verb

They reasoned that increased

consumption had the potential to improve
the economy. ahlulela verb

There are good reasons for learning a

second language. isizathu noun

Human reason has the power to change

society. ingqondo noun

We are still waiting for an explanation of

the reasons behind the strange law so that
we can understand why it was accepted. isizathu noun

Her argument contains sufficient reasons

to convince her listeners. isizathu noun

They reason that increased consumption

has the potential to improve the economy. isizathu verb
She reasoned logically so that everyone
could easily follow her point of view. bonisana verb

Her reasoning convinced her listeners. ukubonisana noun

A friend recommended this hotel. ncoma verb

The lecturer recommends Combrink’s

book on paragraph writing. tusa verb

Most students pay attention to the

lecturer's recommendations on which
books to read. ukutuswa noun
The students find the recommended book
useful. tusiwe adjective

You cannot reconcile the divergent

political views of Socialism and
Communism. buyisana verb

The opening chapters of the book recount

the glories of the monarch and the loyalty
of his people. zeka verb

In his autobiography he gives a recount of

the circumstances that lead to his
deportation. umzekelo noun

He is still recovering from a stroke. lulama verb

The retailer has to charge more to recover

the costs of the renovation. buyisela verb

Guilt and pride are recurring themes in his

work. okuphindekayo adj
No-one can say that such a flood or a
greater one may not recur next month,
next year or next decade. kwenzeka futhi verb
Guilt and pride are recurring themes in his
work. ukwenzeka futhi adjective

The case has been referred to the High

Court. dlulisa/dlulisela verb

The written sources that he refers to in his

thesis are somewhat dated. khomba verb

I would like to refer you to page 88. thumela verb

Even if you write about an author’s views

in your own words, you still have to refer
to the author and source text you
consulted. bhekisa verb

I found the reference to Stanley’s book in

my colleague’s latest article. inkombo noun

The list of references was cross-checked

with the sources cited in the body of the
dissertation. ireferensi noun

The lecturer keeps the reference book on incwadi

reserve in the library. yenkombo noun

The referenced source that so impresses

my colleague is already outdated. kuyinkombo adjective

The database is refined to remember

previous searches and to combine those
with new searches. coyisisa verb
The introductory chapter critically reflects
on the pros and cons of the neoliberal
university. bukisisa verb

In their essays students had to reflect on

their experiences gained during a visit to a
frail care centre. bonisa verb

A prudent person reflects before making

decisions about his future. zindla verb

Reflection is not only the outstanding

characteristic of the philosopher but also
of the true student. ukuzindla noun

Without reflection as a process of inner

inquiry we are equal to the animal that
lives purely on instinct. ukuzindla noun

The reflective person tries to think

critically about his own actions. zindla adjective

The economic reforms meant that more

jobs were available. uguquko noun

South Africa reformed its educational

system again to focus not only on
outcomes, but also on the process. shintsha verb

His theory is easily refutable. kuyaphikiswa adjective

The ecologist’s brilliant refutation of

existing global warming theories was front
page news. ukuphikisa noun

Over the years many scholars have tried to

refute some of Einstein’s theories. phikisa verb
The accused’s legal team successfully
refuted all the charges against their client. phikisa verb

They predict that the new regime’s reign

will be short-lived. umbuso noun

Coastal regions typically have moderate

rainfall. isifunda noun

One can find background in the register of

this history book about the historical
figures that are at issue. irejista noun

Professional organisations have codes of

conduct that regulate the activities of their
members. lawula verb

The bypass valve regulates flow of

hydraulic fluid. lawula verb

Edutainment programmes on television

are used to reinforce social and
educational values while also entertaining
the viewer. khuthaza verb

Edutainment programmes on television

reinforce social and educational values
while at the same time entertaining the
viewer. gcizelela verb

He rejects the theory of evolution. chitha verb

The plate is a reject because it has a crack. umchithwa noun

These terms relate to the modes of

nutrition. hlobana verb

She proceeded to relate the information

he had conveyed. zeka verb
The questions relate to the 15 key
characteristics of future leaders. hlobana verb

She related her heart-rending story to the

newspaper. bika verb

Many people struggle to understand the adjective

principle of relative meaning. hlobene , adverb

If you relativise your emotions, it may be

that you talk away your own difficulties,
present your problems too lightly or make
your situation look too rosy. yenza kuhlobane verb

In 1958 the poet N.P. van Wyk Louw

pointed out how relativism deconstructs
itself, because the theory of relativism is ukwenza
itself an absolute statement. kuhlobane noun

The view that there are no abstract

universal truths that apply to all peoples umbono
and cultures at all times is relativistic. wokuzinqumela adjective

We live in the dimension of relativity – we umbono

understand things because they exist in wokuhlobana
relation to other things. kwezinto noun

Stress can be managed by making time to

relax. phumula verb

People with high stress levels can teach

themselves to relax, among others
through breathing exercises. beka umzimba phansi verb

The Department of Home affairs relaxed

visa restrictions. dedela verb

The government released the new crime

statistics. khipha verb
He was released from custody after the
charges were withdrawn. khululwa verb

Writers should make sure of the thematic

relevance of all their textual facts. ukufaneleka noun

It is important to have the relevant

experience when applying for a job. okufanele adj
adjective
We received all the relevant documents. fanalekile , adverb
The journalist got the information from a
reliable source. okuthembekile adj

He demonstrated that the research was

reliable by indicating how it was repeated
with another group of respondents. okungethenjwa adj
The journalist got the information from a
reliable source. thenjwayo adjective

The reluctance of the university to

intervene led to an extended legal
process. ukungathandi noun

The research unit was reluctant to move

due to the absence of natural light in the
new offices. ngokungathandi verb

The disabled completely rely on their

monthly disability grant. ncika verb

She relied heavily on the comments of her

supervisor. yethembela verb

After the professor made certain remarks

about the theory of evolution, some
students made scathing remarks about
him as a person.

While explaining complicated

mathematical concepts, the lecturer
jokingly remarks that students have to try
to stay awake. ukuphawula verb
After the professor made certain remarks
about the theory of evolution, some
students made scathing remarks about
him as a person.

It is important to remove impurities

before mixing the two substances. susa verb

In die West, the Renaissance is generally

regarded as the beginning of modern Inkathi
times. Yenguquko noun

The term African Renaissance was born

from the view that developing African
states and their people are reviving
culturally, scientifically and economically. inguquko noun

New technology renders older technology

obsolete. enza verb
She rendered her services to the shelter
free of charge. nikela verb
The horse is poorly rendered in the
painting. veza verb

The replica of the Van Gogh painting will

not achieve nearly as much at the auction
as the original. okufuziselayo noun

His research replicates previous work

done by his colleagues. veza ngokufanayo verb

Members of Parliament have the right to

reply to the minister’s speech. phendula verb

M. asked the officer what the problem

was, to which the policeman replied he
was under arrest for drunken driving. phendula verb
The Minister of Education’s report on the
inadequate provision of textbooks will be
released today. umbiko noun

Students who study Social Work have to

report on conditions in informal
residential areas at the end of the
semester. bika verb

The publisher gave him permission to

reproduce the book. ukukhiqiza futhi verb

Cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow,

reproduce and form a tumour. khiqiza kabusha verb

Some lecturers expect students to

reproduce the views of other writers isho ngamagama
verbatim. wakho verb

Reproduced facts just mean that the

person is parroting someone else’s kukhiqizwe
statements. kabusha adjective

Reproduction of facts and scholarly views

does not necessarily mean that a student ukukhiqizwa
understands the subject. kabusha noun

He repudiated the opinions held by

churches other than his own. phikisa verb

Five patients required surgery. dinga verb

Accounting 101 is required for a BCom

degree. dingeka verb

The study program in the medical sciences

requires commitment from the student. dingekayo verb

The student does not meet the required

mark to pass his exam. dingekayo adjective

Fitness is a requirement for fitness

instructors. imfuneko noun
Fitness is a requirement for entry as a
fitness instructor. imfuneko noun

I am researching the life cycle of the blue

whale. cwaninga verb

All lecturers must do research, as well as

teach. ucwaningo noun

University lecturers are expected to

research new developments in their field
of study. cwaninga verb

The research that the doctoral student is

currently doing will help to intercept
plastic bottles at estuaries before they end
up in the sea. ucwaningo noun
Fortunately, the researched problem was
solved. kucwaningiwe adjective

The Internet is a reservoir of information. idamu noun

It has become a trend for adult children to

reside with their parents until they are
into their thirties. hlala verb

Residents have been asked to keep calm

and not to take the law into their own
hands. umhlali adj

He is a resident of Cameroon. umhlali noun

His life changed when he became resident

artist at the centre. umhlali adjective

The residue or 'cake' left after expression

of the oil is apparently nutritious and can
be used for feeding animals.
insalela noun
The residue of the estate was divided
among the heirs. imali engakuwe noun

He found that the concentration of the

microscopic particles was too low, and
that one would have expected more
residue on their hands if shots had been
fired. izinsalela noun

Jeff faced many hardships in his life, yet he

was alway resilient and able to overcome
adverse circumstances. bekezelela adjective

The drought resistance of plants is

important when planting in arid parts of
the country. ukumelana noun

It should be realised that natural resources

used in generating electricity, such as coal
and water, are not infinite. umthombo noun

Students may access printed material and

online resources for the assignment. inqolobane noun

It should be realised that natural resources

used in generating electricity, such as coal
and water, are not infinite. insiza noun

My two brothers did very well in their

respective fields of study (Physics and
Mathematics). hlukahlukene adjective

Tomorrow Mary and Peter will write their

exams in French and Mathematics ngokuhlukahluke
respectively. ne adverb

The lecturer responded to the queries of

the students via e-mail. phendula verb
The cancer patient responded well to
radiation. zwela verb

Students usually respond positively to an

enthusiastic lecturer. sabela verb

I am awaiting a response from the ethics

committee regarding my research
proposal. impendulo noun

The lecturer’s enthusiasm often leads to

responsive students asking questions and
voicing opinions in class. ukusabela adjective

Investor confidence seems to have been

restored after the institution of the new
government. buyisa verb

They had to restrain the patient after his

mental breakdown. bamba verb

Passengers are restricted to one litre of

fortified wine on overseas flights. nqinda verb

He restricted the amount of fat in his diet. thiba verb

Lecturers usually place a restriction on the

number of words students are allowed to
use in test answers. umkhawulo noun

This restrictive daily routine has frustrated

him. kunomkhawulo adjective

The technique produced similar results to

those that have been used previously. umphumela noun
Because government mismanagement is
increasing, distrust of leadership is the
result. umphumela noun

Mismanagement at government-level is
increasing and as a result, confidence in
leadership decreases. umphumela noun

The results showed that there is an acute

lack of critical management skills
especially in the areas of strategic
capability and leadership. umphumela noun

Compost helps to retain moisture in the

soil. godla verb

The company used loyalty programmes to

retain its customers. bamba verb

The chef was so popular that they decided

to retain him for their party. qala ngokukhokha verb

The company uses loyalty programmes to

retain its customers. gcina verb

A lack of nutritious food retards the

growth of children in poor countries. libazisa verb

The striking retrograde in the author’s last

two works is apparently due to a rare
brain disease recently diagnosed with him. hlehlela emuva noun

a retrograde dictionary hlehlela emuva adjective

I was too bound up with the problems of

the present moment to enjoy the luxury of
retrospection. ukubheka emuva noun
Retrospective solutions to problems are
the result of an objective look at problem adjective
situations in the past. ukubheka emuva , adverb

The most recent research has revealed

that a high-protein diet can be detrimental
to certain people. veza verb

After he had made the allegations he was

forced to reveal his sources. ukuveza verb

This month’s revenue is down by 3

percent from last month. imali noun

His death reverberated around the world. ukuduma verb

The conflict reverberated around the
world. phindaphinda verb

The telephone company has reversed the

backlog, and all the applicants who apply
for telephone lines are now helped within
a month. hlehlisa verb

The choir left the hall in reverse order with

the archdeacon leaving last. nyovane adj

The choir left the hall in reverse order with

the archdeacon leaving last.

You can be awarded a pass mark if you

substantively revise your essay. buyekeza verb

He thoroughly revised his work for the

supplementary examination. funda futhi verb
The oppression of Antiochus caused the
Jews under the leadership of the
Maccabees to revolt. ukuhlubuka verb

Martin Luther posted his famous ninety-

five theses on the church door at
Wittenberg on 31 October 1517, which
were the signal for widespread revolt
against the church. ukuvukela noun

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed

his famous ninety-five statements to the
church door in Wittenberg, which was a
sign of the widespread revolt against the
Church. vukela noun

In the 1990s a high-performance disk drive

on your computer rotated at a speed of 90
revolutions per second. ukushintsha noun

The industrial revolution was started by

technological innovations such as the
printing press. uguquko noun
The discussion revolved around global
warming. gxila verb

In his well-known work, Rhetoric, Aristotle

set out the rules of argument in fine inkulumo
detail. yokukholisa noun

A rhetorical question requires no answer,

but involves the audience or reader in the akudingi
thought process behind the argument. impendulo adjective
The essay was windy and rhetorical in akudingi
tone. impendulo adjective
The doctor listens to the rhythm of my
heart beat. isigqi noun

People have always organised events to

match the rhythm of the seasons. isigqi noun

Bacterial cells have rigid cell walls around

them. okuqinile adj

Supervisors should never be too rigid in

the advice to students. gongobala adj

Research should be characterised by

objectivity and rigour. iqiniso noun

The rigours of the mathematics module

caused many students to fail. ubunzima noun
The rigours of the mathematics module
caused many students to fail.

Academic literacy lecturers alternate

between the roles of teachers and pastors. indima noun

The middle class has a critical role to play

in helping the economy to grow and
create jobs. indima noun

Many readers find in Barbara Cartland’s

books a romance that is inherent in the
space of castles, wealth and romantic
love. ezothando noun

Standing in the dusk next to the waterfall

is very romantic. ukuba nothando adjective
War is often romanticised by people who
themselves have never had to survive in a
war situation. ngokwezothando verb

You might for example define

Romanticism as an artistic movement
centrally concerned with the relationship
between the self and others. I-Romanticism noun

The main shipping route to the

Mediterranean is through the Suez Canal. umgudu noun

The fastest route to success is hard work. umgudu noun

He had only a rudimentary understanding okuncane

of medicine. nokungatheni adj

Prehistoric people used rudimentary tools. okwasemandulo adj

By means of his sample of thousand

matric learners, the researcher will
hopefully gather enough information to be
able to make valid inferences about the
entire matric population. isempula noun

A Catholic cannot get divorced without the

sanction of the Catholic church. ilungelo noun
The company threatened people who
copied CDs with legal sanctions. isijeziso noun

Sanctions against all leagues and

associations who did not adhere to basic
safety principles were being considered. isijeziso noun

A Catholic cannot get divorced without the

sanction of the Catholic church. imvume noun

The following statement testifies to

sarcasm: Wow, but you are too clever for
words. Half of you fail the test with flying
colours. ukubhuqa noun

Her sarcastic words were directed to half

the class who failed their tests. bhuqa adjective

The moon is one of the earth’s satellites. isathelayithi noun

Many East European countries were izwe elilawulwa

Russian satellites. elinye noun

The weather satellite sent valuable

information back to earth. isathelayithi noun

The weather satellite sends valuable

information back to earth. isathelayithi noun

The column provides a platform for the

editor to post a weekly satire about his
enemies. ukubhuqa noun
adjective
a satirical style bhuqayo , adverb

The satirical style of Shapiro’s political

cartoons often upsets the politicians
because their mistakes are unmasked. kuyabhuqa

Cartoons generally satirise politicians’

mistakes and human weaknesses. bhuqa verb
Some sketches in newspapers satirise,
among other things, the mistakes of
politicians. bhuqa verb

The market is saturated with cell phone

manufacturers. cinana verb

She scanned through the article to find

information on the causes of global
warming. cinga verb

The terminologist scans relevant scientific

articles to build a corpus of academic
words. skena verb

When you search for a snippet of

information, you scan the text without
reading every word. bhekabheka verb

Scanning is the technique to search for

information in a text without reading
every word. ukubhekabheka noun

The screenplay writer has completed

three scenarios for three films. isiqeshana noun

The lecturer gave the students four

different scenarios to which they had to
apply the framework. isithombe noun

They completed the rocket launcher

ahead of schedule. isikhathi noun

The airline scheduled extra flights over the

holiday season. shedula verb

This schema serves as an expectation

frame for the project. isikema noun

Many people who work are members of a

pension scheme. isikimu noun
In the exact sciences, researchers do not
tend to make emotional statements. isayensi noun

The scientific nature of the conference

was evident in the way speakers explained
their findings within the framework of
their research theory and experimental
setup. okwesayensi adjective

The police expanded the scope of their

investigation. uhlelo noun

The research undertaken by the

postgraduate student does not fall within
the scope of the Humanities. izinga noun

The scope of the research is impressive. ububanzi noun

Students usually remain silent about their

score for maths. isikolo noun

A skunk secretes a terrible smelling liquid. khiqiza verb

Where is the cleaning products section in

this supermarket? indawo noun
ukwehlukanisa
They sectioned the book into 17 chapters. ngezigaba verb

The five sections of the physics textbook

deal with five separate themes. isigaba noun

The council of elders manage a section of

their lands as a game reserve. isigaba noun

There is a general shortage of doctors in

the public sector. umkhakha noun

He felt so secure in his job that he bought

a new house. okuphephile adj
That division secured a major building
contract. ukuthola verb

He sought to improve his English. funa verb

A segment of the painting was damaged. ingxenyana noun

She segmented the orange so that each

child could have a piece. hlukanisa verb

Twenty finalists were selected to compete

in the next round. khetha verb

Dog breeders only use select dogs to

maintain pedigreed bloodlines. khetha adj

An entomology seminar will be held over

the weekend on the spreading of weeds
from Australia. umhlangano noun

A regular reader understands the literal

and figurative sense of words. umqondo noun

The tour guide separated the group into

smaller groups. hlukanisa verb

If you read analytically, you separate

paragraphs, sentences and even words
from each other to examine them
separately. ngokwehlukile adverb

Number each paragraph in the margin in

order to indicate the correct sequence for
the paragraphs. into elandelanayo noun

Bibliographical references must be

arranged in alphabetical sequence
according to authors’ surnames. imvamisa noun

The earthquake was followed by a series

of smaller aftershocks. uchungechunge noun
Public opinion has shifted: those who
were in favour of the war are now
opposing it. gudluka verb

There has been a shift in voter opinion

during the student elections. ukuthinteka noun

There has been a shift in voter opinion

during the student elections. ushintsho noun

When World War II broke out, many

people did not realise the significance this
event would have over the course of
history. ukubaluleka noun

The increase in the petrol price will have a

significant effect on food prices. okukhulu adj

When World War II broke out, many

people did not realise how significant this
event would be over the course of history. babulekile adjective

In that particular culture her long hair

signifies her status as an unmarried
woman. mela okuthile verb

In that particular culture her long hair

signifies her status as an unmarried
woman. khombisa verb

They had similar experiences as students,

even though they studied at different
universities. okufanayo adj

There is no similarity between the data in

your report and that of your colleague. ukufana noun

They used the model to simulate the

effects of a hurricane on the area. lingisa verb

In the play, the students shook a piece of

corrugated iron to simulate the sound of
thunder. lingisa verb
In the beginner’s course in German, the
students are all given new German
identities and then simulate a whole new
biography. lingisa verb

Each time, my roommate is lucky enough

to get a certificate from a gullible doctor
after a brilliantly simulated stomach ache. lingisiwe. adjective

Nowadays one can buy books with

interesting examples of simulations within
the school context, the business context,
etc. ukulingiswa noun

Experimental results have been analysed

with computer simulations. ukulungiswa noun

The latest Star Wars movie had

simultaneous premieres across the world. kanyekanye adj

A clearing operation to remove intruder

wattle trees and a simultaneous operation
to close down the last remnants of the ngesikhathi
mine will start in early December. esifanayo adjective

Hiroshima is still visited by those wanting

to see the site of the first atomic bomb
attack. isayithi noun

She has not even completed the skeleton

of her new novel, let alone filled in the
details. uhlaka noun
The abstract gives a brief sketch of the
theoretical background. isikeshi noun

She sketched her house. isikeshi verb

The international researcher has also

mastered the skill of charcoal sketching. ikhono noun
The international researcher is also skillful
in the art of charcoal sketching. nekhono adjective

Before I read the book, I skimmed through

it looking at the main headings and
illustrations. engula verb

The student quickly skims the synopsis of

the article to see if it is relevant to her
own topic. bhekabheka verb

Before I read the book, I skimmed through

it looking at the main headings and
illustrations.

The values within a society normally

influence the thinking of individuals within
that society. umphakathi noun

The solution to social issues is partly the

responsibility of academics. isisombululo noun

Social problems are only solvable if

experts and academics work together. xazululekayo adjective

The end of poverty will largely solve the

problem of hunger. sombulula verb

One of the most important tasks of the

researcher is to solve research problems. xazulula verb

The demand for delicacies has risen with

the emergence of a sophisticated urban ukuba nolwazi
population. ngezinto eziningi adj

Sophisticated software is needed to do

this kind of work-flow simulation. okunkimbinkimbi adj

Sophisticated software is needed for this

kind of work-flow simulation. nkimbinkimbi adjective
Oranges are a very good source of vitamin
C. umthombo noun
A fractured femur was the source of the
pain. umthombo noun
Good journalists never reveal their
sources. umthombo noun

The thorough student always indicates his

sources in a bibliography. umthombo noun
Oranges are a very good source of vitamin
C. umthomo noun

To be a good architect, you need to have

fine spatial awareness. okuthinta indawo adj

Three speakers from our law faculty

delivered brilliant papers at an
international conference. isikhulumi noun

In order to report the case they need the

specific time of the incident. okunembayo adj

Students should support their statements

with specific facts. thize adjective
In order to report the case they need the
specific time of the incident.

I specifically like the author’s style,

because it’s simple and self-explanatory. ngokukhethekile adverb

Only a mathematical specification of the

distance between galaxies will make man
realise the enormity of the universe. ukucacisa noun

I miss a clear specification of the steps you

followed in your research. ukucacisa noun
The specified date does not suit all
members. cacisiwe adjective

The rescue team needed the GPS

coordinates to specify the exact location
of the plane crash. nemba verb
You need to specify more clearly which
chemicals you need in the laboratory. cacisa verb

People across the political spectrum voted

in favour of sanctions against countries
that are guilty of the gross violation of
human rights. umkhakha noun

He has speculated very successfully on the

stock market in the past. qagela verb

One can only speculate as to whether

these circumstances will influence future
events. qagela verb

The United States’ sphere of influence

stretches across the entire globe. imbulunga noun

The United States' sphere of influence

stretches across the entire globe. umkhathi noun

No brain surgeon has ever been able to

physically indicate the seat of the human
spirit. umoya noun

Some students clearly felt the university

had imperialist connotations and should
change in accordance with the spirit of the
times. umoya noun

Spiritual preparation is just as important

as intellectual commitment. ngokomoya adjective

The balanced person maintains the

balance between spirit and flesh by not
wanting to spiritualise everything that yenza kube
happens. ngokomoya verb

She has a very stable temper and hardly ukuba nomoya

ever becomes upset. ophansi adj
What is the standard of academic
language proficiency that universities
expect from first-year students? isimiso noun

Access tests that determine students’

language and numeracy skills should be
standardised, otherwise they are of little
value. yenza kuvame verb

Universities will have to standardise a

minimum entry level through entrance
tests. yenza kuvame verb

Standardised access tests are used

overseas to establish first-year access kwenziwe into
levels at universities. evamile adjective

She was starved of stimulating

conversation. lamba verb
She was starved of stimulating
conversation.

Please state your relationship to the

defendant. beka verb

The student who states his argument

logically, is able to formulate his view
unambiguously. bonisa verb

The listeners were impressed with his

clearly stated view on the contentious
subject. bonisiwe adjective

The company issued a formal statement

concerning the allegations of fraud. isitatimende noun

Even though you are sure of your

statement, you need to substantiate it
with facts to persuade your reader or
listener. isitatimende noun
The bus, having run out of fuel, was
stationary. okumile adj
The supervisor looks forward to reviewing
the statistical processing of the data. ngokwezibalo adjective

Official statistics state that two out of

every three marriages in South Africa end
in divorce. izibalo noun

Statistics can be used to determine how

many students who enroll at a university
eventually obtain a degree. izibalo noun

Please give me an update on the status of

the loan application. isimo noun

He is very proud of the high status he has

achieved in the company. isikhundla noun

ukusho
The idea that all Irish drink a lot is an okungesikhona
unfair stereotype. ngomuntu noun

Our mathematics lecturer is the bopha

stereotype of a scattered professor. ngabhande linye noun

In a multi-cultural society, one must be

careful not to stereotype people because ukubopha
they do not think, look or act like yourself. ngabhande linye verb

The stereotyped image of the man is that bopha

of the selfish and unfaithful chauvinist. ngabhande linye adjective

People no longer want to hear bopha

stereotyped phrases. ngabhande linye adjective

Note the stereotyping in his categorical ukubopha

statements. ngabhande linye noun

Job creation is of the utmost importance

to stimulate economic growth. vukuza verb
The contract stipulated that each
employee is responsible for his or her own
transport. beka verb

The regulations of the university clearly

stipulate that students may not be guilty
of misconduct. chaza verb

According to the stipulated regulations, no

student may be guilty of misconduct. chaziwe adjective

It is a clear stipulation from the university

that a student may not be guilty of
misconduct. ukuchaza noun

There are a number of straightforward

techniques to analyse the data. okuqondile noun

The students don’t understand the

lecturer due to his strange pronunciation. mangazayo adjective

Management must come up with a

strategic plan to save the company from
bankruptcy. okuyicebo noun

The strategic reader knows what to do

when she encounters difficult words in a
text. hlela adjective

The effective thinker acts as a true

strategist to solve problems and crises. umhleli noun

The strategy for the research involved a

case study that employed individual
interviews, document analysis and a
questionnaire. icebo noun

The effective reader’s reading strategy

contains a number of techniques that are
determined by his or her reading purpose. uhlelo noun
Workers in the lower strata are always the
most vulnerable. izinga noun

He is suffering from examination stress. ingcindezi noun

The stress on the concrete caused the

bridge to crack. ukusindwa noun

The professor stressed the importance of

attending all lectures and tutorial sessions. gcizelela verb

It was a striking scene. hlaba umxhwele adjective

Provincial governments have made

striking progress in improving financial
management. hlaba umxhwele adjective
A text with structural defects will fail as a adjective
text. ngokwesakhiwo , adverb

According to structuralism, elements of

human life can only be understood in
terms of their relationship to a universal
structure. i-structuralism noun

The structuralist mode of thinking,

especially after 1950, began to be strongly
reflected in disciplines such as
anthropology, philosophy, psychology,
literary criticism, economics and
architecture. i-structuralist adjective

The main headings are an indication of the

structure of the report. uhlaka noun

An organisation is typically structured

according to its main functions or
purposes. hlela verb
The student structures her assignment
into three parts that are closely
connected. isakhiwo verb

Students must pay close attention to the

structure within which they build their
arguments. isakhiwo noun

The student's careful and structured

thinking impressed the lecturer. kwakhiwe adjective

The logical structuring of ideas in an

academic essay is an important
requirement. ukwakha noun

okwenziwe kwaba
He was wearing an elegantly styled jacket. yisitayela adj

She continues to use a journalistic writing

style in her essays, instead of an academic
style. indlela verb

He has tried to style the movie as a Fifties

comedy. isitayela verb

The huge group of chemistry students has

been divided into several smaller classes. yehlukanisa futhi verb

The subject of the congress was alcohol

abuse. isihloko noun

Over-emotional people tend to subjectify

other people’s words, because they take yenza kube
everything too personally. okomuntu siqu verb

Her belief that everyone is plotting against

her is purely subjective. okomuntu yedwa adj

A judge may never allow his subjective

opinions to influence his judgment. ngokomuntu siqu adjective
The subjectivity of his essay was a serious
impediment. ngokomuntu siqu noun

The service provides for the electronic

submission of tax returns and payments
via the Internet. nikeza noun

Students should read through their

assignments before submitting them to
their lecturers. thumela verb

The Security Committee will submit its

proposal to Parliament tomorrow. thumela verb

One band chosen from the submitted

demos will be invited to perform. thunyelwe adjective

Many people still believe that women are

subordinate to men. okungaphansi adj

umsebenzi
Subordinates report to middle-managers, ongaphansi
who, in turn, report to managers. ngesikhundla noun

She was subordinated because her

absenteeism from work was beginning to ukwehliswa
be a problem. esikhundleni verb

The subordination of slaves to their

masters was an accepted practice in the
17th century. ukuphatha kabi noun

The measures were implemented

subsequent the hurricane in 2019. ngemuva adj

During his State of the Nation address to

Parliament last week and in subsequent
interviews, the President made several
promises. landelayo adjective
Subsequently the focus will be on fire
prevention. ngokulandelayo adverb
The theatre was forced to close when the
government withdrew its subsidy. uxhaso adj

Since corn syrup was not freely available

in the country it had to be substituted by okungena
molasses. esikhundleni sokunye noun

Since corn syrup was not freely available

in the country it had to be substituted by
molasses. esikhundleni verb

There really is no substitute for thorough

research before you decide on a new okuthatha
home. isikhundla noun

The writer gave his book a final title, but

still needs to formulate the subtitle. isihlokwana noun

The dialogue of the film is in French with

subtitles in English. umbhalo ophansi noun

The dialogue of the film is in French with

subtitles in English. isihlokwana noun

Changes in weather patterns have been

subtle over the past three months. okunobuqili adj

His argument for the death penalty was

unusually subtle. nobuhlakani adj

Hard work is the surest way to succeed. phumelela verb

Those traditions were carried over by the
baby boomers to generations that
succeeded it. phumelela verb

The queen was to have been succeeded by

her son, but he died two days before his ngena
mother. esikhundleni verb

The lawyer convinces the magistrate

through the systematic succession of
statements and examples. ukulandelana noun

The soccer team were looking for their

third successive win. okulandelanayo adj

The successor inherits the assets and

liabilities of the deceased. ongena esikhundleni adj

The question of poverty and what could

be done about it was taken up by
Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane, olandela
Desmond Tutu's successor. esikhundleni adjective

The evidence should suffice to convince

the judge to give him a lighter sentence. ukulingana verb

There is now sufficient evidence to say

with the UK is one of the countries with
the highest incidence of multiple sclerosis. okwanel noun

There is now sufficient evidence to say

with the UK is one of the countries with
the highest incidence of multiple sclerosis.

The art of suggestion is an attribute of

poetic texts where the poet indirectly
evokes images through subjective or
sensory word choice. ukusikisela noun
Any suggestions or criticism regarding the
course will be welcome. isisikiselo noun

Good writers use words that suit the

context of their writing. fanela verb

Dr. Slabbert has been appointed as

researcher, because his thorough
experience makes him the most suitable
person for the job. fanelekile adjective

I was not at the lecture so my friend had

to sum up what I missed. qoqa verb
I was not at the lecture so my friend had
to sum up what I missed.

In order to write a good literature review

you first have to summarise your core
sources. fingqa verb

Our lecturer wants us to summarise the

contents of three prescribed articles. finyeza verb

Stark and Dawes (2009) provide a good

summary of the available research. iqoqa/isifinyezo noun

Responsible students make summaries

after each lecture as part of their
examination preparation. isifinyezo noun

Our study of light waves was only

superficial; other researchers will now
take the research further. Okukha phezulu adj

He was in a car accident but luckily only

sustained superficial injuries. okungatheni adj
A superficial investigation may not yield all
the facts to come to a valid conclusion. okungagxilile adj

Our study of light waves was only

superficial and other researchers will now
take the research further. ikha phezulu adjective

The student’s superficial answer testifies

to a lack of insight, because she reads her
prescribed texts only superficially. ikha phezulu adjective

Latin American culture is a mixture of

European tradition superimposed onto
native tradition. ukudibanisa verb

Kenyan coffee is superior to all other kinds

of coffee. okungcono adj

The colonel is my superior in the army; I

am just a private. isikhulu noun

The colonel is my superior in the army. phakeme noun

The doctor said he should take vitamin

supplements. iselekeleli noun

To supplement their income they sell

goods at a local flee market on Saturdays. chibiyela verb

The questionnaire data were

supplemented by interview data in order
to provide a fuller and more detailed
picture of poverty. engeza verb

In my dissertation I only added one

supplement at the back, but his contains
three supplements. isithasiselo noun
The church supports the idea that spiritual
belief helps one to cope with life’s
stressors. seka verb

You should always support your claims

with enough facts and reasoning. sekela verb

Students should remember to always

support their views with clear arguments. sekela verb

The support of one’s views through well-

formulated arguments is an academic
convention. isisekelo noun

We obtained supportive evidence for this

explanation from a investigation of ... sekelayo adjective

One might suppose that reality should be

held to at all costs. However, it is not
necessarily the most useful thing to do. cabangela verb

Suppose that the distance between X and

Y are 100 m. cabanga verb

The researcher supposes that domestic

violence also occurs in well-to-do
households. cabangela verb

One might suppose that graphical

methods would provide an exceptionally
useful output. cabangela verb

Your supposed facts are no more than

your personal assumptions. catshangelwe adjective

We only work with supposed features of

motorcyclists and therefore have to wait
for more evidence of their real behaviour. cabangela adjective
The researcher’s supposition that
domestic violence also occurs in affluent
households, still needs verification. ukucabangela noun

Russia suppressed the Hungarian revolt in

1849. qeda verb

The photojournalist had to suppress her

fear and move into the crowd to get a
close-up photograph. misa verb

Parliament is supreme and the judiciary is

subservient to it. okukhulu adj

There should be a supreme loyalty in

order to give a sacrifice and for a Muslim,
that supreme loyalty is his commitment to
GOD. okubanzi adj

The surface layer of the atmosphere,

which is the lowest layer,
directly influences the daily activities of all
life on planet Earth. ingaphezulu noun

This region is a birding paradise and

stretches to the deep valleys and
mountains of the east where thermal
springs bubble to the surface. ngaphezulu noun

Students who read only on the surface of

their prescribed texts will never achieve
the necessary insight into their subject. idawo noun

A child who is surrounded by caring

parents and family members should
develop emotional stability. zungeza verb
The team surveyed their surroundings
from the ship before deciding to go ashore
and explore. hlola verb

They surveyed the possible consequences

that a lack of sleep may have on people. bheka verb

The Tshwane Metropolitan Council

surveyed the outlying areas of Pretoria
and found that they could not build more
housing. klama verb

In the student's psychology assignment

she used a survey to see how many people
listened to classical music. uphenyo noun

The geographical survey shows exactly

where the volcanic fault lies. ibalazwe noun

Certain statements were put to

respondents from all the provinces, and
information was gathered in three
different ways: through a survey, in-depth
interviews and focus group discussions. uhlolovo noun

The council surveyed the outlying areas of

the city and found that there was not
enough land available for more housing. hlola verb

Thousands of artifacts survived from the

Ming dynasty. phila okungatheni verb

Driven by the need to survive and feed

their families, they'll tackle any job. sinda verb
The mining company suspended all
operations in the area due to the
instability caused by the dolomite
formations. misa adj

It is a challenge for educators to sustain yenza ilukuluku

the interest of learners in the classroom. lokulangazelala verb

It is a challenge for educators to sustain

the interest of learners in the classroom.

The high academic standards maintained

until recently at universities will not be
sustainable if the admission requirements
are further scaled down. qhubekayo adjective

The demand for local beer caused a switch

from cultivating grapes to farming hops. ukushintsha noun

The deterioration of the roads caused

many car owners to switch from sedans to
SUVs. shintsha verb

We need to have more versatile players

who are able to switch from one position
to another without encountering any
problems. shintsha verb

Aristotle’s analysis of the syllogism

demonstrated how to reason by
combining thoughts in trains of deductive
reasoning. i-syllogisim noun

The syllogistic theory does not provide

satisfactory answers to all questions. i-syllogistic adjective

In the novel the rose becomes a symbol

for literally dozens of different things. uphawu noun
Traditionally, the red rose’s symbolic adjective
meaning is passionate love. ngokophawu , adverb

The crucifix symbolises Christianity, while ukuba wuphawu

the star of David symbolises Judaism. lwento verb

The crucifix symbolises Christianity and

the star of David Judaism. fanekisa verb

A red rose symbolises love. fanekisa verb

The film technicians are working on the

final synchronisation of sound and image
in the last episode of the new TV-series. ukuvumelanisa noun

The film technicians are now

synchronising the image and sound in the
last episode of the new series. vumelanisa verb

The film technicians made sure that the

sound and image in the film were ngesikhathi
synchronous. esisodwa adjective

The word WORK is a synonym for LABOUR. igama elifanayo noun

ERASE is synonymous with DELETE. okufanayo adjective

The book gives a synoptic view of South

African art history. isifinyezo adjective

Academic texts often show syntactic

defects, such as sentences without a main
verb and incorrect word order after ukuhlelwa
certain conjunctions. kwemisho

The syntax of African and Western ukuhlelwa

languages differs in many aspects. kwamagama noun
Students do not realise the importance of
a proper synthesis of viewpoints from
various sources. inhlanganiso noun

Facebook is a synthesis between

technological facilitation and the human ukuxuba
need for communication. amagama noun

In building a theory, the researcher

synthesises different facts and ideas into a
coherent whole. xuba verb

Even in the times of the ancient Greeks,

accountants used complicated systems to
keep accounting records. uhlelo noun

The study involved a systematic analysis of

the progress of the music therapy clients. ngokohlelo oluthile adj

It is important for companies that want to

be innovative to undertake regular and
systematic analyses of the market. ngokohlelo adjective

It is always refreshing to see such a

systematic outline of points of view. ngokohlelo adjective

Susan delivers her presentation

systematically so that everyone can follow
what she says. ngokohlelo adverb

The teacher's task will often be to help

pupils to systematise knowledge which
they already have or evidence which they
collect, and to keep the focus clear. yenza uhlelo verb

The data was analysed using tables,

graphs and discussions. ithebula noun
The statistical table presents a negative
picture in terms of economic growth. ithebhula noun

Committing plagiarism is an academic okungakhulunyw

taboo. a ngakho noun

The responses of the open-ended

questions are presented in tabular format
to analyse them more meaningfully. okuyithebula adj

The lecturer expects her students to

organise and present their research in
tabular form. ngokwethebula adjective

The data the researcher collected were

tabulated. yenza kube yithebula verb

It helps you to think more systematically

when you tabulate the facts within the yenza kube
relevant categories. ithebula verb

One can illustrate the economic growth as

tabulated data so that everyone can get a kufakwe
complete picture. kuthebula adjective

The tabulation of data helps students to ukufaka

think more systematically. kuthebula noun

The police have tangible proof the suspect

committed the robbery. okuphathekayo adj

She used bottles as targets to fire shots at. ithagethi noun

The half-marathon is my next target. phokophela noun

The researcher’s task was to analyse the

interview data that was collected. umsebenzi noun
The phrase TO REPEAT AGAIN is
tautological, because REPEAT already ngokuphindaphin
means to do something again. dayo adjective

Bombastic speakers often use tautology to ukuphindaphinda

emphasise their statements. okungasho lutho noun

She must consult a language specific

dictionary to understand the technical
terms used in the text. okulukhunyana noun

She must consult a specialist dictionary to

understand the technical terms used in
the text. ubuchwepheshe noun

The technical possibilities of modern

means of communication are endless. ubuchwepheshe adjective
The tennis champion’s technique is
generally admired. icebo noun

A new technique has been developed for

purifying water. iqhinga noun
The tennis champion’s technique is
admired. ikhono noun

A new technique has been developed for

purifying water. indlela noun

Animation is a technique of filming

successive drawings. indlela noun

The higher ranks of the civil service,

mainly trained in law, were steeped in a
tradition of technocracy and loyalty to any
government that guaranteed efficient
administration. ubuchwepheshe
 Viewed in perspective, the planning
enthusiasm of the 1930s and 1940s
represented the fusion of still vital forces
of optimism and social idealism with the
scientific and technocratic spirit of the
twentieth century. ubuchwepheshe

In the medical field, technological

inventions thrive thanks to the science of ngobuchwephesh
nanotechnology. e adjective

Nuclear technology has played a major

role in modern warfare history. ubuchwepheshe noun

The most successful factories use the

latest technology. itheknoloji noun

Nuclear technology has played a major

role in modern warfare history. ubuchwepheshe noun

Thanks to technology, we can fly from

South Africa to Europe within ten hours
and make transatlantic calls. ubuchwepheshe noun

The teleological point of view is

sometimes called the theory of final ngezindlela
causes and consequences. ezinenjongo adjective

In teleological thinking, you would

describe a chair by saying what it is used
for, rather than what it looks like or is
made of. i-teleology noun
It is not only the extreme temporariness of
their engagement which distinguishes
casual workers from other temporary
workers, but also their employment
status. okwesikhashana noun

The temporary shutdown of the plant was

caused by an explosion. okwesikhashana adj
The lecturer is appointed in a temporary
position. okwesikhashana adjective

In the conclusion she offers only tentative

solutions to the problem okungaphelele adj

The first tentative steps towards

transformation were taken in 1998. okungaqinile adj

In the conclusion she offers only tentative

solutions to the problem. okwesikhashana adjective

The contract was terminated when the

supplier could not manage to deliver the
goods and service as agreed. nqamula verb

Doctors make use of an extensive medical

terminology. amatemu noun

She texted me that she is on her way. thumela umqhafazo verb

The first edition of the text was published

in 1887. umbhalo noun

The professor’s text is regarded to be the

best in his field. umbhalo noun
A situation is also regarded as a text that
one interprets. umbhalo noun
If you take a critical stance on one issue or
another, you should always be able to
provide textual evidence to support your
statements. ngokombhalo adjective

Students are taught to appreciate the rich

texture of Shakespearean English. ukubhaleka noun

Students are taught to appreciate the rich

texture of Shakespearean English.

I am thankful for my good health. ukubonga adjective

The music concentrates on three

characters and the thematic contrasts
they suggest. ngokwesihloko

Civil society is a necessarily diverse sphere

of social life, but it is possible to thematise
it around dominant and subordinate forms veza
of social life. njengesihloko verb

The main theme of the conference is

multilingualism in higher education. ingqikithi noun

There are many continuing themes in this

novel, but in my opinion the main theme is
that of contentment. isihloko noun

Theoretical ideas are tested in practice by

the researcher to see if they are practically
achievable. ngokomcabango adjective

Instead of theorising, the meeting should

now come to a decision on how the
problem should be addressed. ukwenza umbono verb

Enough theorising has taken place on this

matter; it is now time to take action. ukwenza umbono noun
A new theory on the origin of the universe
has been developed. ithiyori noun

There are many different theories on how

to raise children. ithiyori noun

Medical students have to study much

theory before they can participate in
practical training. ithiyori noun

The movie is based on the theory that

humans can move faster than the speed of
light. umbono noun

Avoid repetitive use of the same word in

your writing by looking up synonyms in a
thesaurus. ithesorasi noun

The main thesis of his essay is that illegal

drug use is detrimental because it
encourages gang violence. i-thesis noun

She wrote her doctoral thesis on the

effects of drought on the economy of
Ghana. i-thesis noun

umbhalo
Her brilliant thesis is the product of years wokuthola iziqu
of research. zasenyuvesi noun

Stephen Hawking replaced his thesis on

the fact that matter is destroyed when it umbhalo
lands in a black hole, after thirty years wokuthola iziqu
with a startling antithesis. zasenyuvesi noun
 umbhalo
Her thesis is about parents' choice to have wokuthola iziqu
their children taught in English. zasenyuvesi noun

A thorough investigation is needed to

understand the complexity of the crisis. ngokuphelele adj

Thoughtful people distinguish themselves

from uncivilised people. cabangelayo adjective

The building has a classical and timeless

beauty. ngokungenasikhathi adj

The so-called timeliness of the new

legislation is being questioned, as the
consensus is that it is too late to make any ukugcina
difference. isikhathi noun

Social workers aim to achieve a

permanent living situation for orphans in a
timely manner. ngesikhathi adj

Being able to see how books are valued

and enjoyed was a timely reminder of the
importance of books in the educational
process. ngesikhathi adjective

Dr. Wright is always well prepared for his

lectures, because of his timely planning. ngesikhathi adjective

Students are allowed to choose a specific

topic within the broad domain of poverty
in Africa. isihloko adj

Archaeologists have found traces of a

prehistoric civilisation near Cape Town. insalela noun

After three years he finally managed to

trace his biological parents. landelela verb

The history book traces the events that led

to the Vietnam War. landelala verb
The sociologists at the University work
mostly within a Marxist tradition. isiko noun
The US has a tradition of federal
government. isiko noun

Honesty would be an example of a central

trait, whereas particular likes or dislikes
may be secondary traits which are
characteristics seen only in certain
circumstances. isici noun

An integrated circuit is responsible for the

transfer of data from the computer to the
printer. ukwedlulisa noun

Through internet banking funds can easily

be transferred from one account to
another. dlulisa verb

Energy cannot be destroyed or created. It

can only be transformed, for example
from latent to kinetic. guqula verb

Energy cannot be destroyed or created,

but can be transformed, for example, from
latent to kinetic. shintsha verb

If you transgress, go back to the beginning

of your intent and start again. dlula umthetho verb

The students’ irresponsible behaviour is a ukweqa

transgression of the hostel regulations. umthetho noun

Initiation rites mark the transition from

childhood to adulthood in many African
cultures. ukwedlula noun
Assessment practices should be
transparent to the point of enabling
students to work out the exact
requirements of specific tasks. okusobala adj

In qualitative research, multiple sources

are used to triangulate data to enhance
understanding. hlanganisa verb

The type of essay you are going to write

depends a lot on your goal – whether you
want to inform, persuade or entertain the
reader. uhlobo noun

A typical middle class family consists of

four members. okufanele adj

Power outages are typical of the current

economic climate. jwayelekile adjective

It is typical of parents to want to protect

children. jwayelekile adjective

He forgot to use proper typographic

quotation marks, the double sixes and
nines. ukuthayipha adjective

The typography of the magazine has

changed – now and then it breaks from
two columns to three on the page, and uhlobo
there is a spot of blue on the cover. lokunyathelisa noun

The ultimate test of man's conscience may

be his willingness to sacrifice something
today for future generations. okukhulu adj
The ultimate goal was to develop a theory
that explains the relationship found
amongst the various themes in the poems. kokugcina adj

A South African man received the ultimate

in Valentine's Day gifts — a new heart. okudlula konke adjective

Students learn to appreciate the complex

process of drafting and redrafting which
underlies successful writing. okumele verb

Modern linguistic theory has uncovered a

rich network of organising principles which
underlie human linguistic ability. isisekelo verb

I understand the universal message of the

text. qonda verb

Try to understand the folly of your actions. ukuqonda verb

Readers without strategies can easily

misunderstand a writer’s intent. ukuqonda verb

I have a lot of understanding of my

friend’s problems, because I also
experience them in my own life. ukuqonda noun

Dr. Smit's understanding attitude puts

students at ease when they do an oral. ukuqonda adjective

ngaphandle
The result was undoubtedly impressive. kokungabaza adjective

The Constitutional Court does not follow a

uniform approach when it comes to
different socio-economic rights. okufanayo adj
Uniform criteria for determining student
fees should apply at all universities. fanayo adjective

The key idea is that informational

structures are used to encode a variety of
linguistic information in a uniform
manner. okufanayo adjective

There must be uniformity at all

universities about the criteria for
determining student fees. ukufana noun

Each person’s writing style is unique. ngqayizivele adjective

The International Labour Organisation

launched a universal HIV-prevention
campaign. komhlaba wonke adj

The idea of universal moral principles is

questioned by Realists. komhlaba wonke adj

He spoke about universal human

concerns, and articulated the aspirations
of ordinary people towards peace and a
better life. ndawo yonke adjective

The thematic power of the tragic hero is

universal. ndawo yonke adjective
The universe consists mainly of open
space imbulunga noun

The untimeliness of his visits irritates me,

because he always comes after midnight ngesikhathi
when I want to sleep. esingafanele noun

ngaphambi
His untimely death shocked everyone. kwesikhathi adjective
The usage examples in any glossary should
help students to understand the meanings
of the terms. ukusebenza noun

The University has investigated the usage

of lecture halls and is considering more
effective arrangements regarding the
scheduling of lectures. ukusetshenziswa noun

He uses the right rhetorical methods to

convince his audience. ukusebenzisa verb

It takes a bit of practice, but this is a useful

technique to master. kuwusizo adjective

His utilisation of rhetorical techniques is

particularly convincing. ukusetshenziswa noun

Some students’ efficient utilisation of the

library’s facilities shows that they regard it
as useful. ukusetshenziswa noun

She utilised children’s dreams as an

anthropological research tool. sebenzisa verb

He utilises the right rhetorical methods to

convince his audience. sebenzisa verb

Many students utilise the library’s facilities

to their advantage every day. sebenzisa verb

Teachers utilise technology to their

advantage. ukusebenzisa verb

We felt that the conference was an utter

waste of money. impela adj

The republicans now show their utter

contempt for democracy. phelele adjective
She has a valid reason to support her
decision to refuse the student
examination entry. okuzwakalayo adj

The contract signed by all parties is legally

valid. okusebenzayo adj

This law is no longer valid because it does

not apply to our modern society. vumelekile adjective

She has a valid reason why she could not

write the exam. fanelekayo adjective

I think these are still valid arguments. fanelekayo adjective

The model was validated against two sets

of empirical data. qinisekisa verb

Before the method used in the study can

be described as safe, researchers have to
validate it and make sure it has no
negative consequences. qinisekisa verb

The validated statistics in her article

convinced experts of her theory. qinisekisiwe adjective

In the use of computers for statistical

analysis, the greatest difficulty relates to
data input and validation. ukuqinsiekisa noun

I question the validity of this test because

it does not really test what it claims to ukuba
test. semthethweni noun

The validity of her argument is questioned

by her colleagues. ukufaneleka noun

The estimated value of the ring is R20 000. inani noun

The value of the project will be to increase
our understanding of the conditions for
social and political stability and instability
in the contemporary world. inani noun

In a country with so much crime and

fraud, honesty is increasingly valued. inani verb

Even if the two sides in an argument have

the same value system and the same goal
in mind, there can still be a heated izimiso
argument if their perceptions of the same zezindinganiso
situation differ. zokuziphatha noun

Meaningful variation in teaching tasks

should alleviate the boredom that
lecturers sometimes experience in
teaching their subject. ukwehluka noun

The author’s new book is written in the

same humorous vein as her previous
books. indlela noun

That particular isiZulu version of the Bible

is considered to be a good translation. isihumusho noun

That particular version of the Bible is

considered to be a good translation. inququlo noun

You must provide convincing reasons in

support of your view to increase the
persuasive power of your argument. umbono noun

How do you view this problem? umbono verb

Explain to me your view of this matter,

because your point of view is important to
me. umbono noun

The students’ irresponsible behaviour is a

violation of the hostel regulations. ukwephulwa noun
She knew so little about him that her
family said that she had married a virtual
stranger. sanhlobo adj
She was a virtual prisoner inside her own
home. ngokwengqondo adjective

All his artworks can be seen in a virtual okwenziwe

gallery. ngekhompyutha adj

Vast amounts of money are spent every

year by virtually every nation to defend
itself. cishe adv

The enormous engineering project is being

carried out with virtually no disruption to
the traffic flow through the city. ngokuseduze adverb

He was visibly uncomfortable. ngokubonakalayo adjective

Together, the text and the visuals must

convey the essential information. okubonwayo noun

Reading is of vital importance in second-

language learning. osekumqoka adj

English has an extensive vocabulary. amagama olimi noun

A new vocabulary has emerged to

describe the development of computer
technology. igama elichazayo noun

investing directly in smaller companies can

be risky because of their volatility ukungazinzi noun

The encyclopaedia set consists of fifteen

volumes. umthamo noun

The political party withdrew their

accusation that the election was unfair. hoxisa verb
She dissected with witty sarcasm a series
of clips from films and television. ukuhlakanipha adjective
isiZulu Definition isiZulu Example

ukuma ukwenza into ethile noma Ngabe sebeyihlehlisile yini le

ukubamba iqhaza emsebenzini projekthi na noma bavele
othile, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi bayishiya/bayiyeka kanjalo nje
kokuba uphothulwe. esithubeni?

ukuma ukuba nomqondo othile Balahla imigomo yabo yokuba

noma ukucabanga ngendlela ethile. amadlelandawonye.

Lesi sihloli sesipelingi sinekhono

lokuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo
ikhono lokwenza okuthile amaphutha athile wegrama.

yinto ethile noma umuntu othile

owehlukile kulokho Ababambiqhaza kulolu cwaningo
okwejwayelekile, okuvamile noma bedluliselwa kungoti owelapha
okulindelekile, imvamisa lokhu kuba indlebe, ikhala kanye nomphimbo
ngendlela esuke yehlukile, ukuze ayokala ubungako
ikhathaza noma inobungozi. obungajwayelekile endlebeni.

ukungavumeli imibono Umbono wakhe ekuziphatheni

yabanye kwezenzo zabanye abantu uphelele.

Ingozi yabantu abalandela umbono

othile wukuthi benza leyo mibono
ibe ngephelele futhi ekugcineni
bangamukeli eminye imibono
ukwenza okuthile kuphelele njengefanele.
isimo sokuthi incazelo
ingengaphenduki nokuthi Ukuba ngokuphelele endleleni
izinto ziba ezingalungile yakhe yezindaba zenkolo kwethusa
ngokungenamibandela abantu abaningi.

Njengoba sasingenalo olunye ulwazi

lwaphambilini futhi singenawo
nombhalo obhalwe phansi phambi
kwethu nje, kwakunzima kakhulu
ukuthatha ulwazi olusha ulufake ukumunca lonke ulwazi asethulela
emqondweni bese ulufunda lona olwalumayelana nohlelo
uphinda uluqonde. lwenuzi.

Wayehlabeke umxhwele ngencwadi

ukuthatheka ngento ethile noma ayeyifunda kangangokuthi akaze
ukuba nentshisekelo ezwe ngisho izwi elilodwa nje
ngokupheleleyo. kulokhu engangikusho.
thola into ethakazelisa Wayegxile kakhulu encwadini yakhe
kakhulu kangangokuthi futhi akazwanga nelilodwa igama
awunaki enye into engilishilo.
yinto engumcabango nje kuphela,
okusho ukuthi yinto engaphatheki Uthando luthathwa ngokuthi
futhi ongeke uyikhombe. luwumqondo osemcabangweni.

Umongo walo mbhalo uqoqa

iqoqa elifushane. amaphuzu amakhulu atholakele.

Umfundi onolwazi angakwazi

ukuthola umqondo entweni ukuthola amaqiniso avamile
ethile embhalweni othile.
kuwumbono okhona, kodwa Uthando lubhekwa njengombono
hhayi njengento engokoqobo ongoqondakali.

Isandulela esisekuqaleni kwe-

isandulela sezingxenye athikili ende yezemfundo siwusizo
ezinkulu zephepha uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi i-athikili
lezemfundo iyakufanela yini.

Amavesi aphindaphindwayo
wesihloko sombhalo ayinqubo
(inqubo yokwakha) imibono yokwakha imibono leyo abafundi
evamile kusuka abangakwazi ukuyithola kusula
emininingwaneni emininingwaneni yombhalo
ethenjwayo. othenjwayo

ukwenza uhlelo oluthile lwenzeke

ngokushesha noma ngokuphazima Ukufunda okususelwe emidlalweni
kweso kunendlela obekulindeleke kungasheshisa ukwedlulisa kanye
ngayo. nokusetshenziswa kolwazi.

Nakuba ososayensi abaningi

bamukela i-quantum theory ka-
Niels Bohr njengevumelekile, u-
ukucabangela into ethile Eintstein wenqaba ukuvumelana
njeyamukelekayo nayo.

UJim Martin wayivuma imicabango

ukukholwa yinto ethile ukuthi kaHalliday maqondana neSystemic
iliqiniso. Functional Grammar.

Inhloko yomnyango yayemukela

ukuvumelana noma ukwamukela incwadi yakhe yokwesula
umuntu othile noma into ethile. emsebenzini.

Naphezu komdlandla wososayensi

izinga into ethile abaningi mayelana ne-quantum
engakholelwa noma theory ka-Niels Borh, u-Einstein
kuvunyelwane ngalo wangabaza ukwamukeleka kwayo.
 Ukukipita sekuyinto esithandeka nje
lokho abantu abangavumelana emphakathini esikhathini
ngakho noma bakwamukele. sanamhlanje.

lokho okungavunyelwa/ Amazinga omsindo amukelekile

okuvumelekile ukuba kwenzeke. ngaphakathi ehhovisi.
lokho abantu
abakwamukelayo Ukuhlalisana sekube yinto
nabavumelana ngakho eyamukelekayo emphakathini.
lokho okwamukelekayo U-Einstein akazange amukele
noma okukholelwa umbono wolwazi ka-Niels Borh we-
njengokuyiqiniso noma quantum particles njengombono
okulungile owamukelekayo.

Umbono ongemuhle ka-Einstein

nge-quantum theory ka-Niels Bohr
lapho wamukela noma wehluke kakhulu ekwamukelweni
ukholelwa ukuthi okuthile kwawo okunamandla abanye
kulungile futhi kuyiqiniso osayensi.
lokho okwamukweliwe
futhi/noma okubhekwa
njengokuvamile noma Lolu hlobo lomthetho lungumkhuba
okufanele awumukeliwe emhlabeni wonke.

ithuba lokusebenzisa noma Intuba okuyiyona kuphela

lokukwazi ukungena endaweni engakufaka elabholethri ingena
noma esakhiweni. ngalowaya mnyango.

ilungelo, noma ithuba Abafundi kufanele bakwazi

lokusebenzisa into ethile noma ukufinyelela kumtapowolwazi
lokukhuluma nomuntu othile. omuhle.

ukuthola noma ukudiliza ulwazi

ulususa kwinto ethile ebeligcinwe Wakwazi ukuthola izigcinalwazi
kuyo, okungaba yinto efana ezintathu ezahlukene ukuze athole
nefayela. ulwazi ayelufuna.

Ukuze othile akwazi ukufinyelela

ukukwazi ukufinyelela iqoqo elivikeliwe lomtapo
indawo noma ukusebenzisa wezincwadi, kufanele acele kuqala
okuthile isikhathi sokuphumula.

Izinto ezitholakala e-Main Building

ziyafinyeleleka noma nini lapho
Umtapo wezincwadi uvulekile
kungafinyeleleka kalula emphakathini.

Kukhona abasizi ababili

abangenekayo emtapweni wethu
umuntu ongenafayo futhi wezincwadi wasenyuvesi
onobungane, ongaxoxisana abakujabulelayo ukusiza abafundi
naye ngokukhululekile ngezinsiza zabo.
 Othisha basiza abafundi labo
bafundi abangakwazi kahle
ukufunda ngokuthi babanike
ukubhekela omunye umuntu noma imisebenzi esezingeni labo
enye into. nabazokwazi ukuyenza.

Usosayensi wangempela uzama

njalo ukucabanga ngokuvumelana
ukuzimisela ukwenza nezimo neminye imibono. Nokho,
ngokwezifiso noma indlela enjalo yokucabanga
ngokwezidingo zomunye ngokuvumelana nezimo
umuntu ayijwayelekile.

Ukuvumelana kwakho nemibono

isivumelwano esanelisa yabanye abantu kudinga ukuthi
wonke umuntu ubheke izinto ngombono wabo.

Isifungo sokuthi umsebenzi

awuwukopelwanga kufanele ukuthi
siphelezele wonke umsebenzi oye
wawubhala wabe usuwuthumela
ukwenzeka nenye into, enyunivesi ngenkathi usengumfundi
ukuhambisana nento ethile. khona.

Ukuxhoswa kwaleso sisebenzi

kwenziwa ngokwemvumelwano
nenqubo yokwenza izinto
ngokuvumelana nokuthile. ngokungavuni luhlangothi.

Ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko ze-

Baccalaureus Degree, kufanele
uphumelele kwezinye izifundo
ngovumelana nokuthile ezimbili.

umbiko wokuthile uwusho Iphrezentheshini yakhe ingumbiko

ngamazwi wakho othembekile wombono wombhali.

Abanye abafundi bayaye

babhalisele izifundo ezithile
ngenhloso yokuthi bafuna
ukuqongelela amaphuzu abo ukuthi
athi uma esehlangene bakwazi
ukuthola kancane kancane into ukuthola ijazi eliphelele
ethile ize ibe ningi. lasenyunivesi.

Ubufakazi obuye badidiyelwa

buveze ukuthi ezinye izinto
ezinoshukela ongabonakali
ukukhula kancane kancane ngaphakathi kuzo ziyingozi kakhulu
ngobuningi. ukwedlula ushukela uqobo lwawo.
 Ubufakazi obuqoqwe i-Hawks, kade
banele ukuze kumangalelwe
umqondisi wenkampani
kuqoqiwe okhohlakele.

ukwamukela, ukuvuma noma Imvume yokusebenzisa lo mbhalo

ukuhlonopha. siyazisa ngentokozo enkulu.

USol. Crouse no-Dkt Andrews,

ababejwayele ukuphikisana
emphakathini, bagcine bamukele
ukwazisa, ukwamukela, ukuthi ngempela kade
ukuvumelana nokuthile bengaqondani.

Umncwaningi onolwazi uzokwazisa

ukunikela kwabanye abacwaningi
vuma futhi yazisa kuma-athikili wakhe wezemfundo
(ngokubona noma ukwazisa) noma kwiziqu.
kubhekwa njengokufanele, USolwazi wethu wesayensi
okubalulekile, okuvumelekile unolwazi olunzulu ngesayensi
noma okwethenjwayo yenuzi.

Isici esibalulekile sabacwaningi

abangesabi ukuncintisana nabanye
abacwaningi, ukwamukela
ukunikela kwabanye abacwaningi
ukuvuma ukuthi okuthile kuhla lwabo lwezincwadi, kuma-
kuhle futhi kubalulekile athikili wabo noma eziqwini zabo.

Ukwamukela kwenkampani
ukungaphathi kwahle kwabo
ukwamukela iqiniso noma ezezimali kuye kwavusa ukugxekwa
ukuba khona kwento ethile okunolaka kakhulu.

Izisulu zobugebengu beqembu

lezigelekeqe ngeke zivumelana
ukuvumela ukuthi okuthile nokukhululwa kwangaphambi
kwenzeke, nakuba kwesikhathi kwamalungu weqembu
ungakuthandi. lezigelekeqe aboshiwe.

Ukuvuma kukahulumeni
nokuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa
kwezikhali eziwushayabhuqe ngeke
ukuvuma (ngokunqikaza) kubekezelwe.
 Ngokuvamile babekhuluma
ngokungabi nesithakazelo
ukuvamisa ukuvumela noma kwezepolotiki futhi noma
ukwamukela okuthile, ngisho ngokwamukela ngokunqikaza,
noma ungakuthandi noma ukudlulisela kwabanegunya.

Abafundi bafunda ukuze

ukuzuza, ukufunda ikhono elisha bahlanganise ulwazi bese bethola
noma umkhuba
ukuthola, omusha.
ukuzuza ukuqonda okusha.
(ikakhulukazi
ngokuzikhandla noma UDkt. Krige wathola zonke iziqu
ngomzamo omkhulu) zakhe ENyuvesi yase-Pretoria.

UDkt. Krige usanda kuthola futhi

isiqu se-BCom eziqwini zakhe
okutholiwe noma okuzuziwe asezitholile kakade.

Ukufunda enyunivesi akusikhona

nje ukumunca ulwazi olusha; kodwa
isenzo sokufunda noma kumayelana nokuthuthukisa
sokuthuthukisa ikhono. amagugu athile kanye nezinhlelo.
ukuthola okuthile ngemva
kokuzikhandla nomzamo Ukuthola isiqu kuyinto ebaluleke
onzima phakathi nesikhathi kakhulu ekuphileni kwanoma
eside yimuphi umfundi.
amagama wokuqala weqoqo
lamagama afundwa njegama I-UNISA isifinyezo se-University of
elilodwa South Africa.

ukushintsha imiqondo yakho noma Izifundo ezenziwa enyunivesi

ukuziphatha kwakho ukuze ukwazi kufanele ukuthi zihlangabezane
ukubhekana nesimo esisha nezidingo zezindawo zokukhangisa
ngempumelelo. ngemisebenzi.

ukushintsha noma
Umfundi wesiqu sobudokotela
ukujwayela ukuze kufanele enze izinguquko
uhlangagabezane nomgomo esihlokweni sakhe sokuqala, ngoba
omusha noma ujwayelane izingxenye ezithile azihlangani
nendawo entsha namagama wesihloko sakhe.
kushintshiwe ukukwenza Ngemva kwamaviki amabili
kufanelane kangcono umfundi wanikeza uthisha wakhe
nenjongo noma nesimo inguqulo eshintshiwe yesihloko
esithile sakhe sokuqala.

Kuhlelwa ukuthunyelwa
kwengezwe kulokho okwengeziwe kwenyama yenkomo
obekulindelekile noma lokho yase-Melika ukuze
okukade kuvunyelwane kuhlatshangezwane nesidingo
ngakho esiphezulu.
 Lesi sivivinyo sanele ukuthi
ukuba namakhwalithi athile noma singakwazi ukukala ukulungela
izinto ezidingekayo ukuthi kwabafundi ukuthi bafunde zonke
kwenziwe umsebenzi. ezinye izifundo ngolimi lwesiNgisi.

Lesi sivivinyo sanele ukuhlola

ukulungela kwabafundi ukufunda
kwanele injongo ethile ngolimi lwesiNgisi.

Esifundweni sokucwaninga
ngezidingo zamakhasimende, kuye
kwatholakala ukuthi imindeni
ngokudingekile noma embalwa kuphela enomshuwalense
ngokufiselekayo wokuphila owanele.

Lo pende uyonamathela kunoma

ukuhla kwinto ethile. iyiphi indawo ehlanzekile.

Umholi omkhulu uyazi ukuthi kunini

ukuhlonipha noma ukulandela lapho kufanele ahlubuke khona
isethi yemigomo ethile, isenzo kwisiko futhi kunini lapho kufanele
esithile, noma imithetho. alilandele khona.

ukushintsha, ukuguqula ukuze

kukwazeke ukuthi kuhambisane Othisha kufanele ukuthi bakwazi
nezinga noma ukwenza umsebenzi ukumelana nezici kanye nezidingo
othile. zabafundi.

Kuye kwadingeka ukuthi umfundi

wobudokotela enze ushintsho
ushintsho olwenziwa ukuze esihlokweni sakhe sokuqala, ngoba
kufinyelelwe umphumela izingxenye ezithile azihambisani
ofiselekayo namagama wesihloko sakhe.

ukuhlela, ukuhlinzeka noma

ukwenza into efanele ngendlela Isivivinyo senziwa ngokungavuni
efanele noma engavuni luhlangothi. luhlangothi.

Umakhi wezimoto wavuma ukuthi

ukwamukela ukuthi into ethile kukhona lapho ayiphazamisa khona
iliqiniso. imoto ngenkathi yakhiwa.

Kuzuzisa bonke abafundi uma

bebuyekeza njalo amanothi wabo
wesifundo kunokuba bawabheke
okuthile okukubeka nje kafushane ngaphambi
esimweni esihle kwesivivinyo noma ukuhlolwa.
 Kuzuzisa umfundi ukuthi abuyekeze
njalo amanothi wesifundo, ngoba
ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa
ukuzuza akukhathazi kakhulu.

ukumela, ukuncengela noma Ukhulumela amalungelo abantu

ukusho into ehambisana
okhulumela, onxuselanalokho.
noma besifazane.
ophikisana ngokuvuna Ungummeleli wamalungelo
okuthile wabesifazane.

ukukhuluma, ukunxusela Ummelela ukuqeqeshelwa

noma ukuphikisana kwabalimi ngezindlela zesimanje
ngokuvuna okuthile zokulawula izinambuzane.

ubumsulwa abamasampula
kungenzeka buthinte kakhulu
ukuba nomthelela entweni ethile. imiphumela yalokhu kuhlola.

umoya, ikakhulukazi maqondana

nokuthi ngabe imicabango kanye
nokuziphatha kuwuthikameza Isikali sikala ukuthinteka okuhle
kanjani umoya. kanye nokubi kwababaleki.

Impendulo yakhe yokuvumelana

ukuvumelana nesitatimende nombuzo kwaba usizo kakhulu kithi
noma isicelo sonke.

Nakuba umfundi ephumelele

ezifundweni zakhe ezimbili,
ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto akuphumelanga lapho
ezahlukene sekuhlanganisiwe.

Inani lazo zonke izinguquko

ezenziwe lashintsha
isamba sezinto eziningi ezahlukene ngokunamandla isithombe
uma sezihlangiswe ndawonye. senhlangano.

ukuphikisa ngokungafanele
esidlangalaleni ngento oyifunayo,
ikakhulukazi ngoguquko Inyunyana yabafundi yayilwela
lwezepolitiki noma lwezenhlalo. izimo zokuphila ezingcono.
ekuqaleni kwakusho indlela
yokubala izibalo, kodwa
manje incazelo isiye
yahlanganisa incalezo
ebanzi, ngokwesibonelo,
indlela yesinyanthelo
ngasinye yokubhekana Imenuwali yomakhenikha izoba
nemisebenzi kanye nama-algorithm ahlukile
nokuxazulula izinkinga yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

ukusebenzisa ama-algorithm ukufunda kwe-algorithm, izindlela

 Lapho kuqeqeshwa omakhenikha
abangenalo ulwazi, ukwenza inqubo
inqubo yokwenziwa ye-algorithmisation yemisebenzi
kwangempela kwezinyathelo eyinkimbinkimbi kubalulekile ukuze
ezahlukahlukene babe nekhono.

U-Oppenheimer (2015: 14) usola

ukuthi uBalmain (2010)
ukusho into njengeqiniso yize waziqambela yena ngokwakhe
ungenabo ubufakazi balokho. imiphumela yophenyo lwakhe.

Empikiswaneni yakhe eyinhloko,

wamangalela ukuthi izimpawu
ukumangelela okuthile zesiguli ngokuvamile zibonisa
ngaphandle kobufakazi ukucindezeleka.

lapho ukuba yiqiniso Kuthiwa icala elimangalelwayo

kungakafakazelwa lenzeke ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku.

Amaphoyisa afuna umbulali

omangalelwe, kodwa okwamanje
lowo okucatshangelwa awanabo ubufakazi obanele
ukuthi unecala bokufakazela ukuthi unecala.
ukuphinda umsindo noma Qaphlela indlela umsindo ka-z
uhlamvu olufanayo ukuze ozwakala ngayo kokulandelayo:
wenze umthelela othile Zimbili izinto engizicela kuwe …

amagama aqala ngohlamvu Enkondlweni ifanamsindo ivela

olufanayo noma umsindo ekupheleni kodwa futhi naphakathi
ofanayo nemiggqa yenkondlo.
kunamagama aqala
ngomsindo noma uhlamvu Umsindo ka-z emagameni athi ZUZA
olufanayo futhi ZULA uyifanamsindo.
ukusabalalisa ngokulandela uhlelo Izihlalo zabiwa ngokulingana
oluthile. namavoti atholakele.

Lapho kukhethwa isisebenzi

esizofanelekela isikhundla
sezemfundo, kuhlanganiswa izici
ukukhetha ukusebenzisa ezahlukahlukene ezingxenyeni
okuthile ngokwenjongo ezifana neziqu, ulwazi locwaningo
eqondile kanye nekhono lokufundisa.
 Lapho kukhethwa isisebenzi
esizofanelekela isikhundla
sezemfundo, ukukhethwa kwezici
ezahlukahlukene ezingxenye
isinqumo sokusebenzisa ezifana neziqu, ulwazi locwaningo
okuthile ngokwenjongo kanye nekhono lokufundisa kudlala
eqondile indima ebalulekile kakhulu.

Kuyinto engenzeka ukuthinta

ukusho into ethile noma umuntu kancane nje kwisiphetho afinyelele
othile ngamafuphi kuso ngenkathi esebenza izinkinga
ngokungaqondile. ezahlukene.

yinto ethile emfushane okuqondwe

ngayo ukuchaza umuntu noma into USpencer uvame ukwenza amazwi
ethile. abhekiswe kwiNew World.

Ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi

ukwenza ukuthi kushintshe; kwawushintsha kakhulu umgudu
ukwenza umehluko. womlando.

ukubeka izinto ezimbili, zilandelane, Le ndaba emfushane ishintshanisa

ngokwephethini ephindekayo. izingqikithi zothando nokufa.

Ababhali bamanoveli abaningi

ukwenza noma kwenzeka bashintsha phakathi kwengoxo
ngokushintshana kanye nencazelo.

Amaphethini wokwakha ngezitini

ngokushintshana ngemigqa
eqondile kanye netshekile kwenza
ukushintshana udonga lubonakale lukhangisa.

Ukushintshana okuqondakalayo
emisebenzini yokufundisa kufanele
kunciphise isidina othisha ababa
ukuzungeza naso ngezinye izikhathi lapho
okuphindaphindiwe befundisa.

Ungase ubhale indaba; okunye

kwalokho ukuthi ungase uphendule
imibuzo emfushane engamashumi
okunye kwezinketho ezimbili amabili.
ukukhetha phakathi Abafundi bangakwazi ukukhetha
kwezinto ezimbili esinye isabelo.

Kufanele ubhale indaba ephelele,

kungenjalo ungase uphendule
imibuzo emifushane engamashumi
okunye amabili.
 Uthisha wasenyunivesi wacacisa
noma ngabe yikuphi ukungaqondi
kanye nobumbaxambili
isimo sokuba nemiqondo ngokunikeza incazelo yokusebenza
engaphezulu komqondo owodwa. komuntu ngamunye.

okuthile okungaqondakali Uthisha ucacisa ukungezwani kanye

ngoba kungase kuchazwe nokungaqondakali ngokunikeza
ngezindlela ezahlukene umbiko umuntu ngamunye.

Itemu elithi "indle" libonisa

ukuba nomqondo ongaphezu ubumbaxambili bezendawo ngoba
kowodwa. imingcele ayichaziwe kulo.

Ngenxa yokungqubuzana
ukuba khona ngesikhathi kwemibono engqondweni yakhe,
esifanayo kwezifiso noma akakwazi ukuthatha isinqumo
imizwa engqubuzanayo mayelana nodaba.

Nginombono ongqubuzanayo
mayelana nokuba khona ngalolu daba, ngoba ngiqonda
ngesikhathi esifanayo kokubili izingxenye ezinhle nezimbi
kwezifiso noma imizwa zalo. Abantu abaqondi njalo imizwa
engafani yami yokungqubuzana kwemibono.

Isivumelwano sachitshiyelwa ukuze

ukushintsha kancane nje umthetho, sisebenze kumalungu amadala
isivumelwano noma idokhumenti. kuphela.

Abacwaningi balungisa imibono

ukwenza izinguquko yabo engenasisekelo yasekuqaleni
ezincane ukuze kunembe uma kuwukuthi ukuhlola kwabo
nakakhulu kuyaphikisana.

iphutha ekunembeni
kokulandelana kwezenzakalo Kuyiphutha kuya ngokunemba
lapho umuntu noma into kwesikhathi lapho isosha efilimini
ibekwa esikhathini Yempi Yezwe II lixoxa nentombi
esingalungile emlandweni yalo kumakhalekhukhwini.

Ingxoxo kamakhalekhukhwini
yesosha efilimini emayelana Nempi
Yezwe II inephutha kuya
ngokunemba kwesikhathi. Isiqephu
akuhambisani nesikhathi esinjalo siphazamisana nokunemba
okuthile okwenzeka ngaso kwezenzakalo.

Ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yomuntu

nokushaya kwayo kuyinto efanayo.
kufana nokuthile Kwenza imisebenzi efanayo.
 Kusengenzeka ukuthi uthole ukuthi
ukuthatha izinto ezifanayo bese kunemizwa efanayo kwizinkondlo
ziyaqhathaniswa ukuze kuboniswe zakho kanye nemizwa efanayo futhi
ukufana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili. kwizinkondlo zomunye umuntu.
okuthile okufana nokunye Kukhona ukufana phakathi
ngezindlela eziphawulekayo kwemizwelo nemizwa evezwe
kakhulu enkondlweni yomuntu othile.

ukunqamula noma ukuhlakaza into

ethile ibe yizingxenye eziyakhele Abafundi kufanele ukuthi bahlaziye
bese uhlonza ubudlelwano phakathi i-chemical compound ukuze
kwezingcezu lezo. bakwazi ukuyihlinza.
ukuhlaziya okuthile
ngokuhleleka ukuze Uhlaziya umbhalo uma uhlola
ukuchaze izingxenye zawo ngokwehlukile.

Ucabanga ngendlela ehluzekile uma

ukhetha ukuhlaziya izingxenye
ukuhluzeka ngokwehlukile.

Isikhulumi sinesitayela esilandisayo,

ngokuxoxa izindaba ngoba sithanda izindatshana.

Isikhulumi esidumile
sishintshashintsha ingxoxo yaso
ukulandisa, okujabulisayo engathi sina ngokulandisa
ngokuvamile okuyiqiniso ngokuphila kwaso.

ukuchaza ubuningi noma ubungako Imali engenayo ngonyaka

obuyisilinganiso okubalwe Kwizikhulu Eziphethe Izinkampani
ngaphezu kwesikhathi esithile eNingizumu Afrika ingaphezulu
sonyaka. kwesigidi samarandi ngonyaka.

iphephabhuku noma incwadi

eshicilelwa kanye ngonyaka ehlala
inesihloko esifanayo kodwa Iphephabhuku i-Modern Scientist
iqukathe izinto ezehlukene wunyakanye ophuma njalo
ngaphakathi. ngoZibandlela unyaka nonyaka.
imagazini noma incwadi
enyatheliswa kanye
ngonyaka enesihloko
esifanayo kodwa I-Modern Scientist inyatheliswa
okuqukethwe okuhlukile minyaka yonke ngoDisemba.

Kule nyanga uzokhushulelwa

umholo wakhe okwenzeka kanye
kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka ngonyaka

Phela lowo njengoba simazi ukuthi

ungumuntu ozithulelayo nje,
into eyehlukile kunaleyo wavela waba yinto eyejwayelekile
ejwayelekile noma elindelekile. nje emndenini wakhe onomdlandla.
 Ucwaningo lwesayensi
yokuhlalisana kwabantu lugxile
kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemiphakathi
bese phakathi kwezinye izinto
lusebenzisa ucwaningo
kuhlobene nesayensi lwekhwalithi ephezulu
yokuhlalisana kwabantu
ucwaningo lwendabuko ukuqinisekisa lokho okutholakele.
nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
kwabantu, ukwakheka
kobudlelwano bezenhlalo
nesiko, ukuziphatha
komuntu, ukwehlukana
phakathi kwabantu
abahlukahlukene, indlela Namuhla isayensi yokuhlalisana
isikhathi esedlule kwabantu iyisifundo sembulunga
sokuziphendukezela yonke, kuyilapho ekuqaleni
sasitholakala eYurophu kuphela.
kwemvelo kwabantu Kukhona amagatsha ahlukahlukene
esithonye ngayo afana nesayensi yezomzimba,
ukwakhekha kwezenhlalo yezosiko, yezolimi, kanye
nesiko, njjl. neyezenhlalo.

ukuthatha into njengento

okungenzeka yenzeke noma Imiphumela yona ayimihle
esemathubeni okuthi ingenzeka. njengendlela elindelwe ngakhona.

Esebenzisa amacebiso
angokombhalo, umfundi ofanelekile
ukubona ngokwengqondo ulindela lokho okungase kwenzeke
izenzakalo ezingase zenzeke ngokulandelayo embhalweni bese
esikhathini esizayo akha umbono ofanele.

Umfundi oyingcweti ufunda

ngokulindela njengoba akha
imibono esebenzisa amacebiso
ngokulindela wombhalo atholakalayo.

Ukulindela lokho okuzolandela

embhalweni kuhambisana
nombono osuselwe emacebisweni
isenzo sokulindela okuthile wombhalo atholakalayo.

kuqukethe, kucacisa noma Isenzo sokufunda ngokuveza

kuveza ukulindela ukulindela siyaphumelela kakhulu.
igama elisho okuphambene INGEMUVA lingumqondofana
nalokho LAPHAMBILI.
 Kuyacaca ukuthi abantu abaningi
abasebenzisa izilimi zomdabu zase-
Afrika bakhetha ukuthi bafundiswe
ngesiNgisi ngenxa yemihlomulo
okulula ukukubona noma okukholakala ukuthi ikhona uma
ukukuqonda. umuntu efunde ngesiNgisi.

Ukungakhululeki komncwaningi
osemusha kwakubonakala, ngoba
waqala ukuba namahloni lapho
okulula ukukubona intatheli isondela kuye.

isicelo esisemthethweni
esibhekiswe kwabasemagunyeni
ngenhloso yokuthi kushintshwe Wedlulisa isinqumo enkantolo ecela
isinqumo. ukuba imehlisele isigwebo.

ukwenza isicelo esisemthethweni

usibhekiswe kwabasemagunyeni Umfundi wasedlulisela
ngenhloso yokuthi kushintshwe emkhandlwini isinqumo sokuthi
isinqumo. makaxoshwe esikoleni.

ukuncenga umuntu ukuthi enze

okuthil ngaphansi kombandela Ukungaboni ngaso linye
wokuthi leyo nto ifanele futhi kungasonjululwa kuphela uma
iphusile ukuthi angayenza. silandela imigomo yobulungiswa.

Inyunyana yothisha yenza isicelo

sokuthi kube khona izinhlelo kuzo
ikwenza isicelo zonke izikole zokufundisa abafundi
esiphuthumayo sobala ukubhukuda.
umthelela wangaleso Umthelela wengxoxo yakhe
sikhathi usekubeni lula kwayo.

ukunika isithombe sokuba sengathi Dlamini (2015) ubukeka sengathi

kuyenzeka. weseka uhulumeni owuzibuse.

Iphephandaba likaDkt. Manzini

ukuba esidlangalaleni noma lavela ephaphabhukwini
ukushicilelwa lezemfundo.

Ukuvela kwephephandaba
locwaningo kwenye
isenzo noma ukuvela yamaphephabhuku adumile kakade
esidlangalaleni sekudale impikisano eshubile.

Amabalazwe athathwe phezulu

kwelenyoni ayenanyathiselwe
yengeza; nameka. kumbhalo.
ingxenye ekupheleni kwencwadi Amaphepha ebhajethi anokuningi
noma kwedokhumenti okunikeza ayingxenye yokunanyathiselwe
ulwazi olwengeziwe. ukuze kuhlongozwe kukho.

USmith wasikisela ukusetshenziswa

izinga okuthile okusebenza kwendlela ka-Berger yokuxhumana
ngakho kwemikhumbi olwandle.

Nakuba lesi simiso sisebenza

ngokungenakuphikiswa ezenzweni
eziningi zekhemikhali ngaphansi
kwezimo ezivamile, singaphansi
kokuhlukile okuningi, futhi asikwazi
ukuthathwa njengesisekelo
esiyinhloko sokubonisana
kufanela ukusetshenziswa ngokomqondo.

Abacwaningi abaningi bakuthola

kunzima ukusebenzisa izimiso zabo
ezicatshangelwayo zibe
ukwenza into ethile isebenze ezingokoqobo.

Ucwaningo olusetshenzisiwe
lunzima, ngoba umbono kanye
ukusetshenziswa nokukwenza ngokuqondile
ngokuqondile, esikhundleni akuhambisani ngaso sonke
sokuba okucatshangelwayo isikhathi.

Kubantu abaningi, kunzima

ukusebenzisa ngokoqobo ukusebenzisa ngokoqobo izimiso
okuthile, esikhundleni okunzima ukuziqonda ekuphileni
sokuba okucatshangelwayo kwansuku zonke.
ukukhetha umuntu abe
esikhundleni noma Ukukhethwa kuka-Vice-Rector
emnyango othile omusha kwasimangaza kakhulu.

ukubona amakhwalithi amahle ento Ushicilelo luncoma amakhono akhe

ethile noma omuntu othile. njengomcwaningi.

Inani lezifundiswa lincome

ukubaluleka kwesivumelwano
ukuqonda into ethile ukuthi saseBologna ngokukhuthaza
iyiqiniso. ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi.

Inani lezindlu kule ndawo liye

ukukhula ngokwenani ngemuva lenyuka ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kule
kwesikhathi esithile. minyaka emithathu eyedlule.
ukubona nokwazisa
izimfanelo ezinhle zokuthile Incwajana yazisa amakhono wakhe
noma zothile njengomncwaningi.

Amathiyori angesikhathi
sangemuva kwesimanjemanje
ukuqala ukubhekana nenkinga inkinga le ayibheke ngezindlela
noma nomsebenzi. ezimbili.

Walandela indlela esebenza

indlela yokubheka udaba, inkinga ngokwekhwalithi ngenkathi enza
noma into ethile. ucwaningo lwakhe.

Indlela uPeter asingatha ngayo

izifundo zakhe isangulukile, ngoba
indlela obhekana ngayo uyazi ukuthi kufanele asebenze
nenkinga noma umsebenzi kanzima ukuze aphumelele.

Kwasetshenziswa izici ezithile

okuhambisana nenhloso ethile, ezifanele isigcawu somdlalo
nendawo, nesimo, njll. ngasinye.

ukuthatha into okungesiyona Usuphavayza wamiswa enyunivesi

eyakho, ikakhulukazi uma uyithatha ngokuhlwitha i-data eqoqwe
ngokungekho emthethweni noma ngumfundi wakhe owayenza iziqu
ngaphandle kwemvume. zobudokotela.

Ukufaneleka kokukhetha igama

lesifundo esithile kuyimfuneko
ebalulekile ekubhaleni
ukwamukeleka ezimweni ezithile kwezemfundo.

Indlela yakhe yokuthola izilinganiso

zezimpande iyefana ngokwezimiso
ukwahlulela ngokungagcwele. nezindlela zikaMnu u-Isaac Newton.

Ukucula kwakhe kwakucishe

kulingise usaziwayo, kodwa
ukufana ukusondelana nento ethile, wayengenazo izimpawu zokuba
nezingabunjalo noma nemvelo. usaziwayo.
ukulinganisela noma Umakhi ulinganisela ukuthi
ukwenza ukubala okucishe inkokhelo yomklamo wakhe cishe
kube okunembile uzoba ngu-R150 000.

Inkokhelo elinganiselwe yesifundo

lokho okulinganiselwe futhi yonyaka ngamunye yomfundi ngu-
okucishe kube okunembile R80 000.

Le ndlu icishe ibe nobukhulu

obungamamitha ayizikwele
okucishe kushaye khona noma eziyishumi nambili – isikalo
kunembe. esiqondile asikho njengamanje.
 Cishe ukulinganisela kwentengo
ukulinganisela inani eyisilinganiso kuzoba ngu-R90.

Umakhi ulinganisela ukuthi

iphrojekthi cishe izobiza u-
ukulinganisela inani R150 000.

Izizathu zabo zokumqoka kwabo

ukuthi abe ngukaputeni zibukeka
okususelwe ekucabangeni komuntu zinokuchema okukhulu ngoba
oyedwa; okungabonakali kugxile akakaze nje adlale kahle selokhu
emcabangweni. kwathi nhlo.

Kwadingeka ukuthi ubaba wami

athole umlamuli ukuze alamule
ukulamula phakathi impikiswano ephakathi kwakhe
kwamalungu nomakhelwane wakhe.

kulanyulwe phakathi Impikiswano elanyuliwe yahilela

kwamalungu futhi ekwamukeleni inkontilakhi entsha
kunqunywe ngumlamuli phakathi kukababa wami
noma ngunompempe nomakhelwane wakhe.

umuntu ongathathi Umlamuli wecala lempikiswano

elimayelana nomholo kufanele
uhlangothi phakathi abheke kokubili izimpikiswano
kwamalungu ngaphandle zesisebenzi nomqashi ngaphandle
kokuya enkantolo ukuze kokuthatha uhlangothi
kuxazululwe impikiswano ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izindawo anobuchwepheshe kuzo

zifaka phakathi ilingwistiksi,
umkhakha wokufunda. imofoloji kanye nesemantiki.

Umkhakha akawuchweppheshe
kuwo uhlanganisa isayensi yezilimi,
yokwakheka kwezilwane nezitshalo
umkhakha neyenkulumo.

Wabeka uvo wathi iNingizijmu

Afrika kumele ime noma iyeke
ukuthengisa amandla kagesi
kumazwe angomakhelwane ngoba
kwayona iNingizimu Afrika
ibhekene nokushoda kakhulu
ukunika izizathu zombono wakho kwamandla kagesi kuleli lizwe
mayelana nodaba oluthile. lethu.
ukunikeza izizathu ezisekela Isikhulumi sibonisana ngokuthi
umbono ngenhloso indlala ingenye yezimbangela
yokukholisa abanye abantu ezibaluleke kakhulu zobugebengu.

Ubonisana ngendlela yokuthi

nikeza izizathu wonke umuntu avese alandele
ezinengqondo zombono kalula nje indlela yakhe
wakho yokubonisana.

ukuvezwa kwecala
okuhlanganisa ukwethulwa
kwemibono, ubufakazi,
ukucabangela imibono
engqubuzanayo kanye
nokwakhiwa kwemibono
ehlanganisa zonke Ephepheni lakhe wakha
izingxenye okuhilela impikiswano ebumbene lapho
esiphethweni esizwakalayo esekela ngokuphelele amaqiniso.

Njengesisekelo sengxoxo, ake

sicabange ngokuthi kungase
kwenzeke ukuthi ukufudumala
ngokwenjongo yokuveza kwembulunga yonke kungabi
imibono inkinga esembulungeni yonke.

ukuvezwa kwempikiswano
okuhlanganisa ukwethulwa
kwemibono, ubufakazi,
ukucabangela imibono
engqubuzanayo kanye
Ngilandela kalula indlela yakhe
nokwakhiwa kwemibono yempikiswano, ngoba izitatimende
ehlanganisa zonke zakhe zilandelana ngokunengqondo
izingxenye okuhilela futhi zinokuhlobana okucacile
esiphethweni esizwakalayo nobufakazi obanele.

ukuvezwa ngokunengqondo Impikiswano yakhe yangikholisa

noma incazelo yombono ngenxa yokubufakazi abunikeza
wakho ezitatimendeni zakhe.

Kuthiwa i-eseyi elandayo inezigaba

ukusebenzisa isizathu ukwenza ezintathu: i-thesis, inkulumo kanye
inkulumo. nesiphetho.

Umdlali wopiyano ujabulisa

ukubonisa ikhono lobuciko izethameli zakhe njengoba
elihle, elikhangayo noma eshintsha ukudlala kwepiyano kuba
elishukumisayo ubuciko bangempela.

Umdlalo wakhe wobuciko wopiyano

isici sobuciko wajabulisa izethameli.
akukona okwengempela Ukukhulumisana kwezokuxhumana
noma okungokoqoboo, zomphakathi njenge-Facebook
kodwa ngokulingisiwe noma okokuzenzisa ngoba akukhona
akukona okwemvelo ukuxhumana kobuso nobuso.

Abantu abaningi bagxeke

akukona okwangempela noma ubuzenzisa bezokuxhumana
okungokoqobo, kodwa kwezomphakathi njenge-Facebook
ngokulingisiwe noma akukona ngoba bancamela ukuxhumana
okwemvelo kobuso nobuso.
kwenziwe ngobuciko Igumbi lalihlotshiswe ngendlela
nangekhono enobuciko.

Umdlalo wakhe wobuciko wopiyano

isici sobuciko wajabulisa izethameli.

Wayengahlaniphile kangako
ukwenza noma ukwazisa ukwedlula abanye, kodwa
ubuciko wayenobuciko.

Ubuciko bukaMichelangelo bungase

bubonakale kule mifanekiso
ubungcweti noma ikhono esophahleni lweSistine Chapel
lokwenza ubuciko obuhle eRoma.

ukukholwa, ukusho into ethile

ibangelwa noma ikhona ngenxa Inkondlo inikelwe kuChinua
yomuntu othile noma ngenxa yento Achebe, kodwa ezinye izifundiswa
ethile. zithi yabhalwa nguWole Soyinka.

Wabheka zonke izimo zenkinga,

kodwa akangakwazi ukuthola
isici okumele masibhewe. isisombululo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
ingxenye ethile yesimo, yomqondo, kuthikameza yonke iminxa yempilo
yohlelo, njll. yomuntu kanye nobuntu bakhe.

Wavela wawuhlakaza
umabonakude waba yizicucu futhi
akekho umuntu owangakwazi
ukwenza kube ndawonye. ukuwuhlanganisa futhi.

ukuza ndawonye noma

ukuhlanganisa izinto ndawonye Iqembu lososayensi abasebenza
eqenjini; ukuhlanganisa noma ngezitshalo liyahlangana kanye
ukuhlanganisa konke. njalo ngonyaka.

Umbhali wephaphendaba
lezemfundo uhlanganisa ulwazi
oluvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene
bese eluhlanganise lube
ukuhlanganisa izinto iphephandaba elilodwa.
 Uthishomkhulu kufanele anikezele
ngemvume ukuthi kwenziwe
ucwaningo esikoleni sakhe, kanti
nabafundi ngokunjalo kufanel
ukuthi bavume ukuthi
imvume noma isivumelwano esivela kusetshenziswe izimpendulo zabo
kumuntu othile. kulolu cwaningo.

I-TALL isetshenziselwa ukuhlola

amazinga okukwazi ukubhala
nokufunda kubafundi, ukuze
ukuqagela imvelo, izingabunjalo, kutholakale labo abasengcupheni
amandla noma ukukwazi kwento noma abasengcupheni enkulu
ethile. yokufeyila.
ukubala izindleko, inani noma Wahlola izindleko zokwakha
ubungako bento ethile. ilabholethri entsha yesayensi.

ukukhetha into ethile noma Umfundi wasezweni lase-Angola

umuntu othile umkhethela inhloso wathunyelwa eNingizimu Afrika
ethile. ukuthi azomela inyunivesi yakhe.

ukukhetha into ethile noma Umfundi wase-Angola wakhethelwa

othize ngokwenjongo ukuya eNingizimu Afrika
yokuthile ukuyomelela inyuvesi yakhe.
Umfundi usesiqedile isabelo sakhe
umsebenzi noma indaba sokuqala.

ukumunca imiqondo, ulwazi, njll.

ukuze ukuqonde kahle futhi ukwazi Abafundi kudingeka ukuthi bakwazi
ukulungela ukuthi ukusebenzise. ukumumatha amagama amasha.

UPink Floyd usebenzisa inkulumo

enomsindo ofanayo ukwenza
ukuphindwa konkamisa umthelela kokuthi “Hear the lark
abafanayo emagameni and harken to the barking of the
aseduze dark fox gone to ground”.

UYeats uphinda umsindo wohlamvu

u-o kokuthi THAT DOLPHIN-TORN,
1 THAT GONG-TORMENTED SEA.

Kuyajabulisa ukuzwa imisindo

efanayo ezinkondlweni
lapho kunemisindo efanayo zikaBoerneef.

ukwenzeka kwesimo noma ukuba Kuyinto ephusile ukucabangela

yiqiniso, yize ungenabo ubufakazi ukuthi inkinga inezimbangela
balokho. eziningi.
ukuzithathela kuwe; ukuthatha
amandla noma
isikhundla/ukulawula/imisebenzi, Uzoqala isikhundla sokuba
njll. ngusihlalo ngesonto elizayo.

Ucwaningo lukufakazele ukuthi

ukukholwa ukuthi into ethile lokhu kuhlawumbisela akusilona
injengoba injalo noma iyiqiniso. iqiniso.

Umuzwa wokukhululeka oshaya

umuzwa esimweni esithile noma emtapeni wolwazi wasiza ukuthi
endaweni ethile. kube nokucabanga okucacile.

Uyacelwa ukuba unamathisele

isifungo sakho sokuzibophezela
ukufasa noma ukujoyina enye into kumsizi ngamunye osebenza kule
kwenye into. projekthi.

Ukuba yingxenye yento ethile noma

ukusebenzela inhlangano ethile, Usebenzela kwinyuvesi ophikweni
imvamisa isikhathi esifushane. lwayo oluncane oluseMamelodi.
kuxhunyiwe noma Siza uthole uhlu lokufunda
kuboshelwe kokuthile elinamathiselwe kule imeyili.

okuhambisana nombhalo othile; Uyacelwa ukuthi uthumele le

okuhambisana kanye nedokhume dokhumenti inanyathiselwe kwi-
nti. imeyili.

Bahlose ukufezekisa izinhloso zabo

ukuthola into ethile ngokufaka ngokuthi kuxoxiswane hhayi
umfutho. ngodlame.

Izimo zomqondo kuthiwa

zinezinzwa eziningi kakhulu,
okungenzeka kube ezihambisana
indlela yokucabanga noma yokuzwa nento ethile, umuntu othile noma
mayelana nento ethile. udaba onaye ukuziphatha okuthile.

indlela yokucabanga noma Umuntu onesimo sengqondo esihle

ukuba nomuzwa ekugcineni uyophumelela.

ukusho into ethile noma ukukholwa Abafundi bathi ukufeyila kwabo

ukuthi into ethile ingumphumela izivivinyo kube yizimo ezingaphezu
wenye into. kwabo, ezifana neshwa.

ukusho ukuthi umuntu othile

unesibopho sokusho noma Abanye ongoti kwezencwadi
sokwenza into ethile. bayikhomba kuZakes Mda.

Unawo wonke amava okuba

isici esiqondene nento ethile noma ngumholi oqotho: ukubekezela,
nomuntu othile. ukuhlakanipha kanye nokukhuthala.
okwangempela noma Isitayela sokubhala somuntu
okungokoqobo okopishayo asisona esingokoqobo.

Uma umfundi ekopisha, ukuba

ukuba okwangempela noma ngubuqiniso kwesabelo sakhe
okuyiqiniso kuyasolisa.
Amaphoyisa agunyaziwe ukuthi
Ukunika imvume; ukuphasisa. ahlole isikhungo sabantwana.

Imali edonswa ngokuzenzekelayo

ibhange yilapho ikhasimende
lingena phakathi kwesivumelwano
nenkampani yangaphandle bese
ukunikeza imvume noma igunyazwa ukuthi idonse imali ku-
ukuvumela akhawunti yekhasimende.

Ukusebenzisa imibhalo enamandla

ocwaningweni lwakho kunenhloso
yokuthi kuhlinzeke ngobufakazi
kwezinye izinto lapho kwakhiwa
okwenzeka kumuntu njengongoti. inkulumongxoxo.

Ngokuvamile imibono yokuba

mayelana nonegunya negunya kaStephen Hawking
nethonya yamukelwa ngabanye ososayensi.

UGerald Schroeder ukhuluma

okwethenjwa ngokunegunya ngesihloko
njengokunembile seBhayibheli ne-Big Bang.

ungoti endimeni ethile; umuntu

onamandla noma onelungelo Usonhlalakahle nje unamandla
lokunika imiyalelo noma lokwenza okuthatha abantwana ekhaya
izinqumo. abahlukunyezwa yena.

Igunya lombhali liyabonakala

ukuba ingcweti emkhakheni ezitatimendeni zakhe ezimayelana
othile neBhayibheli ne-Bing Bang.
ingcweti yomkhakha othile Uyingcweti emkhakheni we-…

Uhulumeni womuntu oyedwa

onamandla okubusa
uhulumeni wokubusa angenamingcele, okusho ukuthi
komuntu oyedwa akamelani neze noqhudelana naye.
 Emazweni athile waseAfrika
naseMaphakathi Mpumalanga,
uhlobo lukahulumeni ngelombuso
wobushiqela, olucindezela
ngokuphikelelelayo noma yiziphi
ukuba namandla aphelele izimpawu zokuvukela.

Kulindeleke ukuthi abafundi

asebephothulile babe namakhono
wokucabanga ngokuzimela
inkululeko yokuzimela kunabafundi abangakaphothuli.

Kulindeleke ukuzimela okukhulu

ikhono lokuzimela ngendlela kakhulu kubafundi asebephothulile
efanele kunalabo abangakaphothuli.

Ngokuvamile abafundi bakhala

ngokutholakala kwezincwadi
ukuba khona noma okufanele babe nazo ekuqaleni
ukutholakala konyaka.

Imiphumela yesivivinyo sokugcina

sekilasi labafundi abayi-6 kade ingu-
82, 77, 66, 6, 57 no-44. Isilinganiso
kusho okubalwa salezi ngu-64.33. Lokhu kubalwa
ngokuhlukanisa isibalo ngokuhlukanisa ingqikithi
samanani ayiqoqo yemiphumela (386) ngenani
ngezinombolo zazo labafundi (6).

Abafundi abaningi banikezwa

izibonelelo ukuze baqhubekisele
ukunikeza umklomelo phambili imfundo yabo.

Abafundi abaningi abaphumelele

bathola imivuzo njalo ngonyaka
umvuzo evela eNyuvesi.

Kudingeke ukuthi kubuyiselwe

imifundazwe emibili enikeziwe
kunikezwa njengomvuzo ngoba labo bafundi abaqhubekanga
noma umklomelo nohlelo.

Ukuvumelana nemibono
ngokuyisekela ngezingxoxo
ukubonisa ukuthi okuthile ezihlelwe kahle emhlanganweni
kulungile yezemfundo.

okuthile okunesisindo Ibhalansi yombono isalela kulabo

esikhulu abagwema imibono edlulele.
 Lo mklamo wocwaningo
ukusebenzisa umqondo, iqiniso wawususelwe kwiphepha lemibuzo
noma isimo njengendawo lapho kanti izimpendulo kwaba
into ethile kumele yakhiwe isuka ngochwepheshe ababalelwa
khona. kwabangu-70.
ukusebenzisa njengephuzu Umncwangi wasusela umbono
lokuqalisa okuthile wakhe ezingxoxweni ezifanele.

Ngisusela umbono wami wentando

ukusebenzisa njengephuzu yeningi ezicini zengxoxo evulekele
lokuqalisa okuthile bonke.
kuphi … bekuyiphuzu Izitatimende zami zisuselwe
lokuqalisa ocwaningweni olunzulu.

isizathu esenza ukuthi abantu Inkampani iqasha abantu ngaphansi

benze izenzo ezithile. kombandela wokuthi banesipiliyoni.
amaqiniso noma imiqondo eliqiniso Ukuhloniphana yisisekelo
eyeseka into ethile. sobudllwano obuhle.

Isisekelo sanoma iyiphi intando

yeningi ingxoxo evulekele wonke
isisekelo sombono noma amalungu ukuthi ahlanganyele
okucatshangwayo kuyo.
ukuqalisa Isifundo sizoqala ngo-11:00.
umuntu noma isidalo Umuntu kufanele akwazi ukwenza
esicatshangwayo izinqumo ezifanele.

Uhlelo lwezempilo kanye

indlela esezingeni elifanele nesuke nempilakahle luyinto eyisibonelo
ingasetshenziswa ukuthi ezinye kwezinye izinkampani zokwakha
izinto zikalwe zisuselwa kuyona. izimoto lapha eNingizimu Afrika.

ukubheka noma ukwahlulela izinga

lento ethile ngokuthi uyikale Kufanele ukuthi ucwaningo lwethu
ngezinye izibonelo ezefanayo silukale ngamanye amanyunivesi,
naleyo nto. awakuleli kanye nawomhlaba.

Kuzozuzisa bonke abafundi uma

bebuyekeza njalo amaphuzu wabo
wesifundo esikhundleni sokuthi
bawabheke nje ngaphambi
okuthile okuwusizo kokuhlolwa noma isivivinyo.

Abafundi ababuyekeza njalo

amaphuzu wabo wesifundo
bayazuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi,
ngoba balungela kangcono
ukuhlolwa kwasekilasini kanye
okuzuzisa wena nesivivinyo sokugcina.
 Impendulo ebonisa ukuchema yinto
esengenzeka uma abaphendula
imibuzo yocwaningo bebukeka
ukuba nomthelela kwimiphumela bephendula yonke imibuzo
yocwaningo noma kulokho ngendlela efanayo ngisho noma
okwenziwayo ukuze kungabonisi ngabe lokho bakwenza bazi noma
okuyikhonakhona ngendlela bengazi ukuthi bahlanakezela
efanele. iqiniso.
amandla kwimibono yomuntu Wabonisa ukuchema kwakhe
noma kwizinqumo zakhe. nabasebenzi abadala.

umbono othonya indlela

osebenzisana ngayo nothile, Wabonisa ukuchema kubasebenzi
iqembu noma inkinga asebekhulile.

Lowo ucheme kakhulu ukuthi

okubonisa ukucindezeleka noma angakwazi ukukunika umbono
ukuchema. ongenakuchema ngesigameko leso.

Umfundi wahlela imininingwane

yokwaziswa okuphathelene
okuphathelene nesizinda nesizinda sabantu endatsheni yakhe
sabantu kuya ngeziqondiso zezemfundo.

Ababhali kufanele baqinisekise

uhlu lwemithombo ethintiwe ukuthi imithombo yabo
ngasekupheleni kombhalo ababhekisela kuyo embhalweni
wezemfundo ifakiwe kuhlu oluningiliziwe.

Siqonda izinto eziningi

ezingaphakathi kokuphambene
kanambili kuphela, ngokwesibonelo
okumhlophe kuqhathaniswa
nokumnyama, owesilisia
kuqhathaniswa nowesifazane,
okungenhla kuqhathaniswa
nokungezansi, ngaphandle
kunezingxenye ezimbili kuqhathaniswa ngaphakathi.

Abasebenzi kufanele ukuthi baziswe

ukuthi baziphendula kanjani
ukunika ulwazi olubalulekile. izintatheli.

ukusebenzisa amgama amafushane Uye wavakasha kafushane nje

noma isikhathi esifushane. ngokomsebenzi ezweni laseJaphani.

Abasebenzi kufanele batshelwe

ukunikeza ulwazi ngendlela yokusingatha izinkinga
olubalulekile zabezindaba.
ukusebenzisa amagama
ambalwa noma ukuqhubeka Wathatha uhambo olufushane
okwesikhashana lokuya eJaphani.

Abantu abazihluphekelayo yibona

ababeyinqwaba yabantu
emphakathini wabantu
ingxenye enkulu yento ethile. baseYurophu.
thola inani noma inombolo
yokuthile ngezibalo Bala ivolumu yesilinda.
hlela ukuze okuthile kuba Amazwi wakhe wayehlelwe
kuhloselwe, noma kuqondwe ngendlela yokuthi amlimaze.
nomthelela okuthile
ukuthi kube nomthelela Ungusopolotiki ohlakaniphile
othile nocabangisisayo.
ukuthola inani noma Isibalo sancishiswa saba izigidi
inombolo yokuthile ezingu-R283 ngemva kokwenza
ngezibalo izibalo ezengeziwe.

mayelana neziqondiso
sesisetshenziswa sokukala,
kumakiwe, kuhlolwe noma Ukulungiswa kwe-engeli kwenziwe
kulungiswe ngokuqhathaniswa ngesipanela esicishe sifane
nesikali esivamile nemvemvane kugeji elinganiselwe.

Bayazi ukuthi akusibona bonke

abafundi abangakwazi ukwenza
ukuba namandla. ungqo wezibalo.

amandla okukwazi ukuthi kube Bonke abatu banamandla okukhula

khona okwenzayo noma ukukhiqiza. kanye nokusungula izinto ezithile.

okufana noma ngomlingisi Umdwebo uba ukugcizelela

kapopayi okungupopayi kokungqubuzana.

Iqembu limelela umhambi ohlale

isithombe noma incazelo yomuntu njalo ekhona, isigebengu
esiveza ngokuyihaba ngamabomu esinesikhala, umthengi
izici zakhe ezigqamile ukwenza wasemgaqweni okhuluma safuthi
ihlaya noma ukubangela kanye nomqaphi wezimoto
ukwesabisa. oziqhayisayo, konke njengopopayi.

Abafundi kufanele benze izabelo

zokubhala ezine kanye nephrojekthi
yokucwaninga eyodwa
ukufeza noma ukwenza okuzohlanganisa umphumela wabo
okuthile wonyaka.

Sebenzisa ikhathalogi etholakala

nge-inthanethi kumtapowolwazi
uhla lwezinto oluphelele imvamisa ukuthola izincwadi zasemtapweni
olubhalwa ngokwama-alfabhethi. wolwazi emashalofini.
ukunika uhla lwazo zonke izigameko Uyacelwa ukuba ubhale uhla lwazo
noma amazingabunjalo axhumn zonke izimbangela zempi
nomuntu othile noma nento ethile. kwisethulo sakho.

Abafundisi bayathanda lapho

abafundi behlukanisa okuqukethwe
kwabo kwesifundo esithile. Nokho,
abanye abakuthandi ukuhlelwa
ngokuvumelana nezigaba kokuqukethwe ngokwezigaba.

ukusho okuthile Ngezinye izikhathi umfundisi wethu

ngokuqondile usho izinto ngokuqondile.

Umuntu osho izinto ngokuqondile

akasingathi kahle imibono ehlukile
futhi ngokuvamile ucabangela
ukusho okuthile ukuthi abanye abantu bacabanga
ngokuqondile njengaye.

ukuhlela abantu noma izinto

ngamaqembu noma ngezinhlobo Ocwaningweni lokwakhiwa
kuya ngezimfanelo noma izici komusho, amagama ahlelwa
okufana ngazo ngezinhlobo zamagama ahlukile.
iqembu elihlukile, isigaba
noma ukuhlukaniswa Ababhali bangathumela izincwadi
kwabantu noma izinto, ngezigaba ezihlukile ukuze
amalungu anezici ezifanayo zahlulelwe.

Imithetho eminingi yesayensi

ingohlobo lwenkolelo evamile
okuhlobene nembangela yokuthi isimo sembangela ethile
noma okubonisa imbangela senza indingeko yomthelela othile.

Imbangela icacile engxoxweni

elandelayo:
Unesimungumungwane; ngenxa
umqondo wembangela yalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi abhale
nomthelela isivivinyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuhambisana okwengeziwe
kwenziwa ngokusikisela imbangela:
ubudlelwano phakathi UNgqongqoshe uyagula ngakho
kwembangela nomthelela kuzodingeka ukuthi aphathwe.

Umahluleli wabangela umthelela

ukuba imbangela noma wokungethenjwa wokumelelwa
ukubonisa ukuba imbangela kabi.
 Isiphepho ngumoya onamafu
ukuba imbangela noma amnyama obangela inhlekelele
isizathu sokuthile enkulu ngemizuzwana nje.

Uzibangele inkinga yena

isisusa noma ukwenza ngokwakhe, ngoba ubuyekeza
kwenzeke umsebenzi wakhe kaningi kakhulu.
umuntu, isenzakalo noma Imbangela yokuphahlazeka
isimo esibangela umthelela kwendiza yayingukwehluleka
noma umphumela othile komuntu.

Uma izitshalo kanye nezilwane

kungakhiqizi izingane zakho
ezanele, kusho ukuthi izitshalo
nezilwane kuzoshabalala phela uma
kunjalo kanti ngemuva kwalokho-ke
phetha noma qeda umsebenzi yonke into ekhona emahlabeni
othile. iyobeisiqala sifa ngokushesha.

ukuphela noma ukuphelisa Umphakathi ohluleka ukuthuthuka

okuthile nakanjani uzophela.

Abasinda ekuhlaselweni kwe-Twin

Towers ngomhla ka-9 Septhemba
isiqinisekiso sokuthi okuthile 2001 bangasho ngokuqiniseka
kunjalo ukuthi babebhekene ngqo nokufa.

ukubuza ngobuqiniso beqiniso,

benani noma ukuba yiqiniso kwento Wavela wabuphonsela inselelo
ethile. ubuholi bakhe.
ukuncintisana nothile, oma
ukuphikisana negunya Wabeka inselele igunya lakhe
lothile ngokuqondile.

Ukubhala yishaneli okuhlolwa

ngayo inqubekelaphambili yabafudi
umunxa wokwedlulisa umyalezo. enyunivesi.

Amawebhusayithi asebenzisa i-
indlela yokuxhumana, noma inthanethi njengomgudu
umgudu okudluliswa ngayo wokuxhumana wokusebenzisana
ulwazi ukumaketha imisebenzi.

Isimilo asisona into engashintshi

kodwa inqubo eguqukayo bokuba
isimilo sokuthile okuthile.

incazelo yohlobo noma izici Bona amaphethini ekubhaleni

ezehlukile zothile noma izindaba ezimayelana nokuhlelwa
zento ethile kwendaba kanye nokulingiswa.
ukunikeza izinto eziyizici ezifanele Iziteleka zivame ukuba namazinga
impela ngento ethil. aphezulu odlame.

U-Anti Dolly nama-Swingsters

wakhe abathembekile benza ukuthi
izethameli zabo zidansele imisindo
ukuba umlingisi wesici sothile noma yesigqi se-jivy esilingisa isitayela
sento ethile seqembu.

Inselele iwukwenza lokho othile

ukuchaza izimfanelo noma angakuchaza ngokuthi ushintsho
izici ezehlukile zothile noma ekubeni ingxabano kube ukwakha
zento ethile kabusha noma ukuthuthukisa.

isici somuntu, sendawo noma sento

ngokuvamile esisiza ukuhlayiza Xoxa ngezici zokungcoliswa komoya
lowo muntu noma leyo nto ezitholakala eMpumalnga.

Imidwebo ekule ndawo yegalari

ukuhlukanisa umuntu othile, yobuciko yonke iyizici yesitayela se-
indawo noma into Baroque.

Amashadi, amathebula, idatha

evela kwabemithombo yokwazisa,
imibhalo yamaphephandaba kanye
nezinkulumompikiswano konke
ukubonisa into esidlangalaleni lokho kungamathuluzi kanye
esuke iqukethe ulwazi, kungaba namacebo okuvamel ukuthi
yinto efana nomdwebo noma kusetshenziswe ekuzejwayezeni
igrafu. ukuthi uye kofundisa.

Ucwaningo olude lwamvumela

ukuthi akwazi ukulandelela
ukurekhoda noma ukulandela ukwenzeka kwezinto ngemuva
inqubekelaphambili yento ethile. kwesikhathi.
ibalazwe lokuzulazula, noma Izindlela zokujima ezifakwe kuleli
ishidi elimelela ulwazi shadi zihlanganisa izindlela
ngokwemifanekiso zokwelula umzimba.

Ingqungquthela ifuna ukwenza

yenza ibalazwe lendawo, indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuqonda
noma qopha ukusungulwa okungcono kakhulu phakathi
kokuthile kukahulumeni nebhizinisi.

Idokhumentari inembe kakhulu

ekunikezeni umbiko wokulandelana
irekhodi yezenzakalo, kwezenzakalo zempilo kaSisulu
ehlelwe ngokulandelana ngemva kokukhululwa kwakhe
kwazo eRobben Island.
 Ucwaningo lwesitayela olwenziwa
ngekhompuyutha luye lwazama
ukuphendula imibuzo
yokulandelana kwezikhathi
ukulandelana kwezenzakalo zezenzakalo zababhali imisebenzi
ngokwenzeka kwazo yabo engenalo usuku.

Nakuba izingane ezincane zikwazi

ukuhlukanisa isikhathi esedlule
nesikhathi samanje, abaningi
bakuthola kunzima ukuhlukanisa
phakathi kwezinkathi ezimbili
isayensi ekala isikhathi ezedlule, noma ukunikeza
ngokwehlukanisa okuvamile ukunemba kokulandelana
kanye nokuthola izinsuku kwezenakalo ngokwenzeka kwazo.

Cishe washona ngawo-1890, kodwa

cishe usuku lwangempela alwaziwa.
indlela isigameko esenzeke ngayo Izimo ezihlobene nokushona
noma izimbangela zaso. kwakhe zaphenywa.

Ipolitiki nezomnotho kuyizici

zamaqoqo wezimo ezihlanganisiwe
iqiniso noma isimo esinquma futhi eziphasanayo okufanele
noma esilungisa isenzakalo zisingathwe ndawonye.

Ukuveza okucashuniwe
emibhalweni yasemanyuvesi
amagama athathwe enjengoba kusebenza njengendlela yokubonisa
enjalo kumthombo othile. igunya.

incaphuno evela komunye

Ukucashunwa okuningi
umthombo noma ukwenza emaphaphebhukwini wezemfundo
inkombo yayo ukunikeza ngokwamaphepha wezemfundo,
ubufakazi, ikakhulukazi futhi ukucashunwa kwemisebenzi
ephepheni lezemfundo edumile akujwayelekile.

Lapho abacwaningi bethula lokho

ukucaphuna noma ukusho okuthile, abakutholile, ngokuvamile lokho
ikakhulukazi njengesibonelo noma ngukucaphuna imithombo
njengobufakazi balokho okushoyo abakwazile ukuyithola.

Othisha basenyunivesi balindele

ukuthi abafundi asebenza iziqu
zabo zesibili bakwazi ukucaphuna
imithombo abayisisebenzisile
ukusho into ethile. ngendlela okuyiyonayona.
 Amagama acashuniwe wombhali
kufanele abe phakathi
lokho okubhekiselwe kukho kosokucaphuna.

yinto eyenzeka phakathi Bathola izikhalo zivela emalungeni

kwezakhamizi zezwe. omphakathi.

Izifushaniso nezinto
ezisembhalweni zidinga ukucaciswa
ukwenza okuthile kucace okwengeziwe okutholakala
futhi kuqondakale kumanothi wasekugcineni.

Ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo
yobuciko kungahlinzeka ngolwazi
ukwenza kukhanye kuthi bha futhi olufanele ukucacisa izinhloso
kuzwakale kahle. zocwaningo.

UDkt. Koopman ucacise izinkolelo-

mbono zakhe ezicatshangelwayo
ezifundweni zakhe ngokuzenza
ukwenza okuthile kucace futhi ukuthi ziqondwe ngokucacile
kuqondakale, kubukeke kahle ngabafundi bakhe.

Isifundo esikhethekile sikaDkt.

Koopman sasicace ngendlela
yokuthi ekugcineni ngaziqonda
zonke izimiso zezinkolelo-mbono
ezicatshangelwayo. Amanothi
wakhe acacisayo nawo awusizo
kucacile futhi kuyaqondakala kakhulu.

Ukuze kutholakale incaciso, lezi

zihloko kuyokhulunywa kabanzi
izingabunjalo lokukhuluma kahle. ngazo futhi kunikezwe nezibonelo.

Indlela ecacile uLechte achaza

ngayo izimiso ezingokwengqondo
ukuvezwa nokuchazwa ezinzima yenza ukuthi umsebenzi
ngokucacile kaJulia Kristeva utholakale kalula.

UDkt. Mohapi uhlela kabusha njalo

incazelo ukuthi icace ukuze wonke
ukucaca umuntu akwazi ukuyiqonda.

Leyo ncwadi njengoba yaqala

okwaziwa kakhulu futhi okuthathwa yashicillwa ngonyaka ka 1934,
ngokuthi kungokwezinga eliphezulu yavele yaphenduka incwadi
kakhulu. engasoze yabuna.
okwakudala noma UShakespeare, uVonde, uGoethe
ngokuhlobene nokuba noSchiller bangabanye ababhali
okungasoze kwabuna bakudala bekhulu leminyaka.

ivamise kakhulu
kwezobuciko, izincwadi
nezokwakha ezilandela
izinhlobo zesiGreki nesiRoma
(Ezingasoze zabuna);
yaqalisa eYurophu phakathi
nenkathi ye-Renaissance
futhi ngokuhamba
kwesikhathi yathuthukela
kwezobuciko nezokudizayina
phakathi ne-Neo- Classicism;
ezokwakha nezincwadi
kwalandela imisebenzi
yezingasoze zabuna;
ngokuvamile lokho kwahilela
esitayeleni esingathandeki,
esingenabuntu futhi I-Classicism isitayela esihlobene
esingenayo ikhwalithi enhle nezimbongi zaseJalimane ezifana
yokuqukethwe noGoethe noSchiller.

UGeorge Chapman i-classicist

isazi noma umfundi wezilimi, wenza ukuhunyushwa okuhamba
amagama nesiko lesiGreki phambili kakhulu kwesi-Iliad
nesiRoma sakudala kuyakusiNgisi.

Emihlotshisweni nemfenisha
eyambiwa ePompeii, othile angase
abone amathrendi wakudala afana
kuya ngemithetho yobuciko nemigqa eqinile, elinganayo kanye
bakudala nenembile.
zonke izinto ezimayelana Umfundisi wenza ukuthi Ezakudala
nezasendulo zesiGreki ezihamba phambili ziphile
nesiRoma ezifundweni zakhe.

ukuhlela into ethile ibe Amanoveli abekwa ngononina kuye

ngamaqembu ngokulandela izinto ngokuthi inoveli ngayinye ikhuluma
ezithile ezibekiwe. ngani.

UDkt. Seakhoa wenza umehluko

ocacile phakathi kwezenzo
zokuziphatha okuhle,
ezingenasimilo, nezokuziphatha
kulula ukukuqonda okubi.

Kucacile ukuthi ukugxilisa ingqondo

isikhathi eside kwezingane kuba
kulula ukubona mfushane nakakhulu.
ngendlela okulula Njalo uDkt. Seakhoa wethula
ukuyibona, ukuyizwa noma imibono emisha kubafundi ukuze
ukuyiqonda bayiqonde ngokucacile.

Osopolitiki baziwa kakhulu

ngokusebenzisa kwabo izinkulumo
ezivamile, ezifana nokuthi
inkulumo esetshenziswa SESIHAMBE INDLELA ENDE nezithi
ngokweqile noma engeyona SINDAWONYE SIZOKWAKHA
engokoqobo IKUSASA.

Osopolotiki baziwa kakhulu ngolimi

lwabo lwenkulumo evamile oluthi
EKUPHELENI KOSUKU nokuthi
njengenkulumo evamile ISIKHATHI SOSHINTSHO.

Izimpilo zabalingiswa bezincwadi

ubufakazi obuncane obungakusiza zizonika umbhali isithombe
ukuthi usombulule inkinga. ngempilo yombhali uqobo.

Ukuphila komlingisi wencwadi

kungase kunikeze umfundi
ulwazi olukusiza ukuthi umkhondo wendaba yokuphila
uqonde okuthile kwangempela kombhali.

Umfundi omuhle ufana nomphenyi

ofuna umkhondo ngamunye
ongokombhalo ukuze agcwalise
ulwazi oluthile lokuxazulula izikhala ezingokwemvelo
indida noma ubugebengu embhalweni.

UMnyango Wezomnotho
ubambisana noMnyango
Wezesayensi Yamakhompyutha
ukusebenzisana kwiprojekthi ethile kuwona wonke amaprojekthi awo
efanayo. amakhulu.

Abafundi kufanele ukuthi balandele

isethi yemithetho noma yemigomo. ikhodi yokuziphatha yenyunivesi.

ukusebenzisa amagama, izimpawu Imininingo yafihlwa ngokusebenzisa

noma izinombolo ukubonisa ukuthi isethi yezinhlaka ezihlelwa
into ethile ingeyeqembu elithile. zingakasetshenziswa.

Abafundi kufanele balandele

iqoqo leziqondiso, izimiso imithetho yokuziphatha
noma imithetho yasenyuvesi.
ukusebenzisa amagama,
izinhlamvu noma izinombolo
ukubonisa ukuthi okuthile Idatha yayifakwe ikhodi
kungokweqembu noma kusetshenziswa iqoqo lezigaba
iqoqo elithile ezinqunywe kusengaphambilini.
 Wayenezizathu ezihlakaniphile
zokuqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe
nokwenza ukuthi inyunivesi igcine
okuphusile futhi okuyengayo. ithe izoqhubeka nokumeseka.

Umzimba, izinzwa kanye

nokuqonda yizinto lezo ezingeke
uhlelo abantu abaqonda ngalo zehlukaniswa ngaphansi komuzwa
izinto. wokwenziwa izinkondlo.

Ukuqonda kuhlanganisa
ukucabanga ngokuhlaziya ngisho
isenzo esingokwengqondo nangokuphelele.

Ngeke uthole ubuvila

ngokwengqondo kumfundi
okuhlobene nengqondo ocabanga ngokuhluzekile mayelana
nobuchopho nesihloko sokuqukethwe okuthile.
ngokuhlobene nokucabanga Uma uyivila ngokwengqondo,
nobuchopho awufuni ukucabanga.

Lo mbhalo wesandla unezingxenye

ezahlukene ezingahambisani kahle
ukuhleleka nokuhambisana kangangokuthi othile angase
noma ukuxhumana acabange ukuthi zibhalwe abafundi
ngokwengqondo abahlukene.

Ukuhambisana kulo mbhalo

ubudlelwano bokuhleleka wakudala akukuhle kangangokuthi
nokuhambisana phakathi othile angase ukuthi ukubhalwe
kwezingxene zokuphelele abafundi abahlukene.

Umbhalo ocatshangisiswe kahle

uhlale njalo wenza umqondo
kwenza ingqondo ophelele.

okunobudlelwano obuhlelekile Kufanele ukuthi ubike ngalokho

nobuhamba ngendlela phakathi okutholile ocwaningweni lwakho
kwezinto eziyizingxenye zento ngendlela eqondile, ezwakalayo
ethile egcwele noma ephelele. futhi elandela izinkambiso.

Okuqukethwe kwesikhulumi
akuzange kwethulwe ngendlela
enengqondo. Ngenxa yalokho,
izethameli zilahlekelwe
ngokuphelele iphuzu lenkulumo
okunengqondo yakhe.
ubudlelwano bencazelo
yamagama phakathi
kwezingxenye zombhalo Kubalulekile ukuthi kube khona
ukuhlangana phakathi kwemisho
noma izici zombhalo nezigaba embhalweni, kodwa
obuqinisekisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho ukuhlangana
umbhalo ugeleza kubalulekile ukuze umbhalo ube
ngokunengqondo nengqondo ngokwezinga elikhulu.

Ukubusa kuka-Alexander
kwakuhambisana nesikhathi
ukwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa segolide kwimibhalo yobuciko
noma esifanayo. yasezweni laseRashiya.

Izimpendulo zabo kwisivivinyo

ababesibhala zamane
zaziqondanela nje, nokwenza
ukuthi uthisha wasenyuvesi
ukufana nokuthile, noma acabange ukuthi kusho ukuthi
ukufanana nenye into ethile. babekopelana.

ukwehlukanisa, ngokusobala noma Wavele wawa phansi ngenxa

ukwehlukanisa okungacacile. yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

ukwehluleka okuvele kuqhamuke

nje esithubeni kungazelele muntu
mayelana nendlela into ethile
esebenza ngayo, ukuze ingakwazi Ukuwa komnotho wezwe kwaholela
ukuqhubeka. ekutheni kube nokuvukela umbuso.

Ngo-2016, i-Human & Rousseau

okuqoqiwe noma yashicilela i-Collected Works of
okuhlanganisiwe Eugene Marais ngemiqulu emibili.
ukuqoqwa kwezinto
ezifanayo ezigcina noma Imuziyamu igcina amathuluzi we-
ezihlanganiswa ndawonye Stone Age.

ingxoxiswano yezemfundo
I-Social Work Department
noma isithangami lapho izosingatha isithangami ngeviki
kuhlanganyela elizayo lapho izikhulumi
umbambiqhaza ongaphezu ezimenyiwe zizoxoxa ngezindawo
koyedwa zasemadolobheni.

Uma wazi ukuthi ubani owenze

ubugebengu, sicela uphumele
ukuveza iqiniso sobala.

Ucwaningo lungaqala kuphela

evikini lesibili likaNhlolanja futhi
kufanele ukuthi luphothulwe
ukwenza into yenzeke, ukubangela ngaphambi kokuqala kwesigamu
ukuthi into iqale. sokugcina sonyaka wokufunda.
 Sicela ukuthi abagibeli bacime
isikhathi sokuqala kwento omakhalekhukhwini babo
ethile ngaphambi kokusuka kwendiza.

UNapoleon Bonaparte waphawula

into ethi mayithi, "Umuntu
ukunikeza umbono wakho onelungelo lakhe lokuzalwa ukuthi
mayelana nento ethile noma abelane kwimikhiqizo yomhlaba
mayelana nomuntu othile, noma neyenele ukubhekana nokuphila
incazelo yakho yento ethile. kwakhe."

Ukuphawula okubalulwe
ukuphawula okubhalwe phansi kwiwebhusayithi kubonisa
noma yinto ethile eye yabonakala ukungeneliseki nje jikelele
mayelana nesigameko, nomuntu, kwabantu ngezinsizakalo
njll. zokwelashwa esifundazweni.

yinto ethile eveza into ethile,

isikhathi esiningi kuvamise ukuthi Inani labantu abangasebenzi
kube yinto embi, mayelana nesimo liwukuphawula ngempilo yomnotho
noma nesigameko. wezwe.

amazwana abhaliwe noma Amazwana akuwebhusayithi

akhulunyiwe, ukugxeka abonisa ukunganeliseki okuvamile
noma ukuqaphela kwabantu ngezinsizakalo zezempilo
isenzakalo, umuntu, njjl. esifundeni.

Abafundisi ababeka amazwana

amahle ekilasini ngokuvamile
bakhuthaza abafundi ukuthi benze
kangcono nakakhulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, abafundi
ukuvezwa kombono noma baqedwa amandla abafundisi
ukusabela abasho izinto ezingezinhle.

UMnyango wabe usuqoka

ikhomishani yokuthola amaqiniso
leli yiqembu elithile elinekwe mayelana nokusolakala ukuthi
amandla okuba libheke udaba ukuxoshwa kungafanele
oluthile. kwabasebenzi ababili.

ukucela umuntu Wayalelwa ukuba aphenye

ngokusemthethweni ukuthi akenze ngenkohlakalo eyayenzeka
noma akabhale okuthile. enkampanini.

ukunikezela ngokuphelele kumuntu Inyunivesi isinikezele ngezinye

othile, kumsebenzi othile noma izimali ezengeziwe kwimifundaze
kwisehlo esithile. yezifundo ezinkulu.
yinto elusizo futhi ebalulekile
engathengiswa ukuze kwenziwe Igolide yinto ebalulekile eNingizimu
inzuzo. Afrika.
kuyafana kubantu ababili
nangaphezulu noma I-Free State neGauteng kusebenzisa
ezintweni umngcele ofanayo.

ukushintshiselana ngolwazi noma Abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele

ngemicabango nomunye umuntu, baxhumana ngokusebenzisa iSkype
usebenzisa amagama, izimpawu, njengendlela ekahle yokukhuluma
njll. nomuntu ubuso nobuso.

iqembu lezinto ezincikene ukuze Ithimba labe selifunda kabanzi

zikwazi ukuphila ngokwabelana ngobudlelwano bokuhlobana
indawo efanayo kanye nezinye emphakathini isikhathi esiyiminyaka
izinto ezifanayo. emine.

leli yiqembu labantu elabelana

ngezinto zenhlalo ezefana Lowo uhlonishwa kakhulu kabi
ncamashi. emphakathini wonjiniyela.

I-Protestantism ne-Roman
Catholicisim kuyaqhathaniseka,
ngoba kokubili kusuka enkolweni
yobuKristu efanayo lapho enye
ingasekela khona ukuqhathaniseka
kuyaqhathaniseka phakathi kwakho kokubili.
okuhlanganisa ukubheka Ucwaningo oluningi
ukufana nomehluko phakathi oluqhathanisekayo luba ingxenye
kwezinto yocwaningo.

Umcwaningi ufuna ukuqhathanisa

ukuhlola izinto ukubona ukuthi izinto ezitholakale ocwaningweni
ngabe zefana noma zehlukene lwamanje nalezo ezatholakala
kanjani. eminyakeni emithathu edlule.

Ngokuvamile abacwaningi abaningi

ukuhlola izinto ukuthola ukuthi baqhathanisa lokho abakutholile
zifana ngaziphi izindlela nokuthi nalokho kwalabo abasebenza nabo
zehluke kanjani emkhakheni ofanayo.

ukuhlolwa kwezinto ukubona Kule ndaba kufanele uqhathanise

ukuthi zehluke ngayiphi ukwakheka kwangaphambilini
indlela nokwakamuva kwe-Beethoven.

Umbono wokuhambisana kwalezo

ukuba khona kwezinto zikole ezimbili ezahlukene
ezimbili ngendlela njengokuhle nokuyi-postmodernism
ehambelanayo kuyinto engacabangeki.
 Izinto abazithola ngomthelela
wokumbiwa kwezindawo
okokwazi ukuphila kanye kwatholakala ukuthi ziyahambisana
nokusebenza ngokubambisana nalezo ezatholwa ngabacwaningi
nangokuthula uma kuhlangene. baphambilini.

Inyunivesi yanxephezela abafundi

ngokulimala abakuthola ngenkathi
kuwa ikheshi kwisitezi esisodwa
ukukhokhela umuntu imali ukuthi kwisakhiwo sokusebenzela
enze into ethile. enyunivesi.

ukubhalansa, ukususa noma

ukulungisa imiphumela emibi yento ukuceba kwemininingo kwakumela
ethile. isampula elincane.

Abaphathi kudingeka ukuthi

babenokuqonda kokuthuthukisa
ikhono lokukwazi ukwenza amacebo okuthengisa ezimakethe
umsebenzi othile. zomhlaba.
uhlu, idokhumenti, incwadi, Ukwaziswa kufanele kunikeze
umbiko, njjl, okuqoqiwe ubufakazi ngokuhlanganiswa
ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi okunengqondo.

ukubeka ndawonye uhla, Umcwaningi uye wahlanganisa

idokhumenti, incwadi, umbiko, njll. umbiko ngemuva kokuphothula
ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi. ucwaningo.
okuhlanganiswe njengohlu,
idokhumenti, incwadi, Ukwaziswa kwe-Applied
umbiko, njjl. Mathematics kuhlanganiswa
ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi ngokunengqondo.

URichard Yates wayengumdidiyeli

weqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane
lona umuntu ofaka izingxenye elinesihloko esithi: Eleven Kinds of
noma ulwazi ndawonye. Loneliness.

yinto ethile ehlinzeka

ngamazingabunjalo okwengenza Isithombe singenza ukuthi umbhalo
ukuze kwenziwe ngcono noma ukwazi ukubonakala kahle lapho
kuphothulwe enye into ethile. kuchazwa khona itemu.

ukwengeza into ethile ngendlela

eyenza ukuthi lokho okwengezwa Isivivinyo somlomo senzelwe
phezu kwakho kube ngcono noma ukuhambisana nesivivinyo
kupheleliswe. esibhalwayo.
ukunikela kokuthile Izabelo ezibhaliwe nokuhlolwa
ngendlela yokukwenza kube kuphelelisana kahle njengezindlela
ngcono nakakhulu zokuhlolwa.
 Izindlela zokuhlola ezibhekwa
njengezihambisanayo ziyizabelo
ukugcwalisa noma ezibhaliwe, ukuhlolwa
ukwenezela kokuthile okungokomlomo, njjl.

Uchungechunge lwezifundo
ezethulwa umfundisi zakha iqoqo
okwakho ingxenye ephelele eliphelele.

Izinkinga zepolitiki zaseNingizimu

Afrika ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu
okuhlanganisa izingxenye ukuthi zingase zixazululwe
ezahlukene ezincikene ngokuphazima kweso nje.

Ukuba inkimbinkimbi komphakathi

isimo sokuba inkimbinkimbi waseNingizimu Afrika kubangela
noma okudidayo izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.

Ngokunikeza izincazelo eziningi

ukwenza okuthile kube into kakhulu, umuntu wenza into elula
exakile ibe exakile kakhulu.

Izakhi ezinkulu zesihlabathi

enye yezingxenye ezenza into amaminerali afana ne-feldspars
eyodwa enkulu. kanye ne-quartz.

yinto ehlangenge eyenziwa Ingxube yokulala kanye nemikhuba

ngokujoyina izinto ezimbili noma emihle yokudla yizinto ezibalulekile
ngaphezulu kwalokho. kwimpilo enhle.

Uma kukhulunywa nge-entropy

ukuqonda ngokuphelele into ethile kukhulunywe ngento enzima
esuke inzima noma inezinto eziningi kakhulu nokunzima kakhulu
kuyo. ukuyiqonda.

Wenza ucwaningo olubanzi

ngokuziphatha okukhona kanye
nokuxhumana ngomoya phakathi
kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye
okufaka yonke into ngaphakathi. nabantu.
ukuhlanganisa noma USolwazi O’Connel udumile ngenxa
ukusingatha ezinye noma yesitayela sakhe sokufundisa
zonke izingxenye zokuthile esiphelele.

Uzobe esebenzela eziqwini zakhe

isimo esihlanganisa eziningi zobudokotela isikhathi eside
noma zonke izingxenye kakhulu ngenxa yokujula
zokuthile kwesihloko sakhe.

Ukushisa okwenziwa ngelanga

ukwenziwa yinto ethile; ukuba kuqukethe inqwaba yamagagasi
nento ethile. okushisa.
 Lolu cwaningo luhlanganisa izifundo
eziningi okuzofanela ukuthi
zisebenze kuyo yonke imingcele
kuhlanganisa yesifundo.
Isifundo sihlanganisa amamojuli
kuhlanganisa ayinhloko ayishumi.

Kwakuwumsebenzi womphathi
wephrojekthi ukubala ingqikithi
ukubala isibalo noma inani yentengo yephrojekthi.

Le projekthi yemayini yakheka

ukuqala kwayo nje ngonyaka ka
ukwenza umqondo othile kuwe. 1905.

Kunzima ukuthi ungake ucabange

impilo yesimanjemanje ngaphandle
ukucabangela isimo esithile. kokuba ne-inthanethi.

Insipho yezandla, iziphuzo

ezibandayo (odilinki) kanye nemithi
engamanzi yizinto eziluketshezi
ukwenza kushube, kube namandla oluqinile ezivame ukutholakala
noma kube msulwa. emakhaya.

Ilabholethri yezemithi
inqwabelanisa yonke imizamo yayo
ukuletha ndawonye. ekusunguleni umjovo we-TB.

Ngenxa yesifo sakhe akakwazanga

ukugxila kunoma yikuphi
ukucabanga ngokucace kakhulu. okwakwenziwa.

Uyazi namanje mina ngisakuthola

kunzima ukuyiqonda kahle le ndaba
yomqondo wokuthi into uma isifile
yinto ewumcabango ojwayelekile. iphinda ibe nokuvuka futhi.

ULeonardo da Vinci wethula

okuqukethwe okuyinhloko, umbono wakhe wendiza ngohlobo
umbono, noma uhlobo lomdwebo.

Ukufunda ngokomqondo kuhlobene

kuya ngencazelo nokucabanga okubonisa ukuqonda.

mayelana nomqondo noma Ukuqonda kwemibono kuncike

imibono ekwethulweni okunobufakazi.
 ULeonardo da Vinci wethula
umbono wakhe wendiza ngohlobo
ukwethulwa komdwebo lomdwebo.

ULeonardo da Vinci waveza

umbono womshini ondizayo bese
ukwakha umbono wawethula ngendlela engokoqobo.

Gwema imisho emide,

engxubevange, kanye nempinda
ukunikeza kuphela ulwazi ukuze ugcine umbhalo wakho
oludingekayo noma olubalulekile. ufingqiwe.
izinga lapho kunikezwa Ukufushanisa kungenye yamakhono
kuphela ulwazi oludingekayo abalulekile kakhulu kubabhali
noma olubalulekile bezemfundo.

Kumbhalo wakhe uphetha ngokuthi

yinto engenzeka ukuthi amazwe
ukwenza isinqumo ngemuva ahluphekayo akwazi ukunqanda
kokubheka lonke ulwazi onalo ukubhebhetheka
ngakuwe. kwesandulelangculazi.

ukuphothula into ethile okade Balandela wonke umkhondo

uyenza ngempumelelo, ikakhulazi ovelayo base baqedela uphenyo
okade uyenza isikhathi iside. ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu.

Umfundi uphetha ingxoxo yakho

ukwenza isinqumo ngemva ngendlela enekhono eveza ulwazi
kokucabangela lonke ulwazi onalo olunengqondo.

umbono ofinyelela kuwo ekugcineni Ijaji selifinyelele esiphethweni futhi

ngemuva kokucabanga ngalo lonke selizokwethula isinqumulo salo
ulwazi. ngesonto elizayo.

Isiphetho esingenabufakazi
isiphetho osifinyelelayo ngemva sesifundo sakhe samukelwa
kokucabangela lonke ulwazi ngokushaya ihlombe okuphezulu.

Ukuphetha indatshana kudinga

ukuthi ube nomoya ophansi nakuba
ukuphetha noma ukuqedela kunzima ngoba kunolwazi oluningi
okuthile kakhulu okufanele luhlolwe.

Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuba kuwo

wonke amakilasi wakhe ngisho
nokuphothula uphawu lwakhe
lwekilasi, ngifinyelele esiphethweni
umbono owufinyelelayo sokuthi akanaso isithakazelo
ngemva kokucabangela ocwaningweni noma unezinkinga
lonke ulwazi zomuntu siqu.
 USolwazi Mohapi ujabule kakhulu
ngendaba yomfundi wakhe lapho
umbono owufinyelelayo isitatimende esiveza inkinga siye
ngemva kokucabangela sasekelwa kahle futhi umfundi
lonke ulwazi ephethe kahle ingxoxo yakhe.

Ngaphandle kokucabanga
okunobufakazi, ukuqonda
ngendlela (engokoqobo) ngokugcwele amagama amaningi
ethenjwayo wezemfundo akunakwenzeka.

Abafundi kufanele benze imibono

ukwenza kube ibe ethenjwayo besebenzisa
okwethenjwayo izibonelo.

Siyavumelana nesinqumo
soMnyango Wezezimali sokuthi
kwenziwe ngcono kwizicelo
ezifakwe ngamaqembu ezepolitiki
ukuthi achaze umsebenzi wepolitiki
ukuvumelana nomunye umuntu ohlobene namaqembu enhlalakahle
noma nento ethile. nalabo abangenele ukhetho.

Kunemicimbi emithathu yomculo

okwenzeka noma okuqhubeka eyenza ngasikhathi sinye lapha
ngesikhathi esifanayio. edolobheni.

Ukubonisaukungahambisani Umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba

ngokunamandla nento ethile noma uzigxeke kakhulu izenzo zodlame
ukugxibha. ezenzeka kuleli lizwe.

Othile angakwazi ukulahla kalula

ukwahlulela okuthile noma izenzo zabanye ngaphandle
othile kokucabangela izimo zabo.

Inyunivesi yenza ucwaningo

ngezimpendulo zabafundi mayelana
ukwenza noma ukuqhubeka nohlelo olusha lwezimali
nomsebenzi othile. oseluqalisiwe.

indlela ibhizinisi, umkhankaso, Kunokugxeka okukhulu ngendlela

umsebenzi, njll. ohlelwe ngakhona izinkampani zemithi eziziphethe
noma ophethwe ngakhona. ngayo Ezweni Lesithathu.

Amajaji amabili ahlangana ase

evumelana ukuthi le ndoda
ukuba nenguyazana yomhlangano kufanele ukuthi igwetshwe
ukuze nikhulume ngento ethile. udilikajele.
 Wethweswa ijazi lobudokotela
ukunika inhlonipho, ijazi lemfundo, kwezobunjiniyela ngonyaka ka
isibizo, njll. kumuntu othile. 1998.
ukunikeza othile isiqu, Wanikezwa isiqu sobunjiniyela ngo-
isikhundla, njll. 2019.

Izinkinga zokufunda azibekiwe

ukubeka imikhawulo entweni kulabo abashiye phansi esikoleni
ethile; nqinda. kuphela.

ukuvikela into ukuthi isabalale Izikhulu zezempilo zikwazile

ngaphezu kwendawo ethile noma ukugcina isifo samatele siKwaZulu-
kweqembu elithile. Natali kuphela.

ukuvimbela okuthile ukuthi Abacimbi bomlilo ababili bakwazi

kungasabalali ngale kwendawo ukuvimbela ukuthi umlilo uphelele
noma kweqembu elithile kuphela egumbini lokuphumula.

ukuthola amandla njengobufakazi Okunye ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuye

obusha noma amaqiniso amasha. kwaqinisekisa ukugula okukhona.

Ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni
kokukhethwa kukaSol. Schroeder
isenzo sokuqinisekisa njengomphathi akuzange
okuthile kusimangaze.

Ukuqinisekisa izitatimende zakho

ukuqinisekisa noma ngokucaphuna amaqiniso
ubufakazi bolwazi noma nezibonelo kubalulekile uma ufuna
amaqiniso amasha ukukholisa abantu.

ukwehluka kakhulu entweni ethile, Le miphumela iyashayisana

noma ukuphikisa into ethile. nemiphumela yaphambilini.

Ukukwazi ukulawula kanye

nokusombulula izingxabano
ngezinto zemvelo kungenzeka
isimo lapho khona abantu kuchaze ukuthula komhlaba kanye
benokungavumelani okunzima nokuphepha kwikhuluminyaka
impela. lama-21.

Abanye abafundi bayayizwa

ukuba yinto efanayo noma ingcindezi yokufana ukuze
ukuhambisana nokuthile. bengehluki kwabanye.

Imithi emisha kufanele ukuthi

ukuhlonipha umthetho, isiqondiso, ihambisane nezimiso ze-Medical
njll. Research Council.

Ngokuvamile abafundi bavumelana

nendlela yokugqoka nezitayela
ukuthobela imithetho, zezinwele, ngoba bafuna ukuzizwa
iziqondiso noma izimiso sengathi bayingxenye yeqembu.
ukuziphatha ngokuhamisana Ngokuvamile ukuziphatha
nezimiso ezithile kokuvumelana kutholakala
zezomphakathi kwabasebasha.

Emphakathini kuhlale njalo

kukhona izinga elithile
ukuvumelana nemithetho, lokuvumelana nemikhuba yohlelo
iziqondiso noma izimiso oluthile.

Embhalweni wezemfundo oklanywe

isilinganiso esifanele kahle, kuhlale njalo kukhona
sezingxenye noma izici zazo ukuhlangana phakathi kwazo zonke
ngazinye izingxenye zombhalo.

Abafundi abahlela kahle indaba

yabo yezemfundo bazoqinisekisa
ukuthi isihloko sihambelana
kuhlangana ndawonye nesingeniso nesiphetho.

Embhalweni wezemfundo
ocatshangelwe kahle, zonke
izingxenye zihlanganiswe kahle,
ngoba yonke into ihambisana
ukuvumelana nesihloko somfundi.

Ibhuloho elihamba abezinyawo

lixhuma ikhempasi enkulu
nekhempasi eseningizimu
ukuxhumanisa. nekhempasi.

Kwi-dissertation yakhe wazama

ukwenza ukuthi kube nokuxhumana ukuxhumanisa izinhlaka
phakathi kwabantu, kwezinto, njll. zezomnotho kanye nezamasiko.

Abafundi abanolwazi bayayazi

indlela yokuxhumanisa
ukuhlanganisa ngendlela okuqukethwe kwesifundo
enengqondo nokucatshangelwayo.

Abafundisi abanolwazi bayazi

ukuthi okuqukethwe kwesifundo
kanye nezimiso zesihloko
kuyahambisana kuxhumene.

Isitayela sokubhala okuxakile

ukuhlanganisa ndawonye sibangelwa ukungabi khona
izinto ezahlukene noma kwamagama noma imisho
izingxenye ehlanganayo.

Ngokuvamile umfundisi onolwazi

ukwenza ukuhlangana ugcizelela amaqiniso ahambisanayo
phakathi ngezimiso zesifundo.
 Njalo abafundisi abayizingcweti
babonisa ezifundweni zabo
uxhumano olukhona phakathi
ubudlelwano phakathi kokuqukethwe kwesifundo
kwezinto nezimiso zesifundo ezinzulu.

Uxhumano phakathi komusho

ubudlelwano phakathi oyinhloko kanye nomushwana
kwezinto lutholakala ngesihlanganiso.

umbono noma umuzwa Amagama anencazelo engokwesiko

ohlobene negama, noma engokomzwelo, ngaphezu
ngaphandle kwencazelo kwencazelo noma isisho sawo
engokoqobo esingokoqobo.
ukusikisela incazelo yesibili
ngaphezu kwencazelo Incazelo esikiselwayo yokuba khona
eyinhloko KWEKATI endlini yethu isho ibhadi.

Kwafinyelelwa isivumelwano
phakathi kwabafundi abathwele
isivumelwano phakathi kanzima ukuze baphathe kahle
kwamalungu ahlukene izinsiza esikhathini esizayo.

Asikho isivumelwano phakathi

kososayensi mayelana nalokho
okuyimbangela yomdlavuza
isivumelwano esivamile wamabele.

ukunika impendulo ebonisa Njengoba vele ngokweminyaka

ukuhambisana nesimo esithile; yakhe usekhulile, asisekho isidingo
ukuphendula ngendlela ebonisa sokuthi abazali bakhe kube yibona
ukuthanda. abavuma egamemi lakhe.

Kufanele ukuthi uthole imvume

lapho ovumayo enolwazi ngento
ayivumayo ngaphambi kokuba uze
imvume yokwenza into ethile. uqale ukwenza ucwaningo.

Ngemvume yawo wonke umuntu,

ibhodi yabe isithatha isinqumo
isivumelwano mayelana nento sokuwumisa umculo we-rock
ethile. ekhempasini.

Umphumela owenzeka
ngokushesha Ngempi Yomhlaba
Ebandayo eRashiya kwaba ukuthi
ukusetshenziswa kwemali
kwezamasosha kwanqanyulwa
ngendlela engakholakali kanye
umphumela wento ethile. nangokushesha okukhulu.
 Ukufa kwamahlathi, kanti
okwenzeka ngenxa yomphumela nokulimala kwemvelo ngemuva
wesigameko noma womthelela kwalokho yizinto eziyithinta kakhulu
othile. i-Afrika.

Ngemuva kokubheka ucwaningo

lwalokho okubhaliwe
ukucabanga ngento ethile noma okuhlongozwa ukuthi kubhalwe
ukunaka into okuxoxwa ngayo ngakho, ikomidi locwaningo
noma okufundwa ngayo. lathatha isinqumo sokukwemukela.
ukucaba ngakho Ucabangani ngale nkinga?
Uthathe ilivu yokufunda yesikhathi
cishe isikhathi eside eside.

Bathola inani elibanzi impela lemali

okubanzi ngokwenombolo noma elalivela enkampanini ukuthi
ngokwenani noma ngokokwenzeka. kufakwe izimali kule projekthi.

USolwazi wethu ohlakaniphile njalo

usho umbono wakhe
okucatshangelwe noma ocatshangelwe ngemva
okunakiwe kokucabanga kanzulu ngawo.

Isakhiwo se-porcelain sakhiwe

wubumba, olunye udaka olwaziwa
sakhiwe. nge-feldspar kanye nosilika.

Ngokuyinhloko ubumba
olumhlophe luqukethe ubumba, i-
feldspar noma insengetsha, ne-
kuqukethe silica.

Ukwenza into efanayo

ekusebenziseni izinkathi kubaluleke
Izingabunjalo lokuhlala njalo kakhulu kwisigaba sokwenza
uziphatha ngendlela efanayo. embikweni waselabholethri.

ukuqina kwento ethile, ebushelelezi

noma eqinile kodwa ebe ingamanzi Igqubu leli liye laba nobukhulu
phakathi. obuthile obuqinile.

Indatshana yezemfundo kufanele

okufana nalokho ibe nesitayela nokwethulwa
osekwedlule okungashintshi.

Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo

iyahambisana naklokho obekuvele
okuvumelana nokuthile. kucatshangelwa.

ngaso sonke isikhathi okuziphatha Iminyango kahulumeni kufanele

ngendlela ethile futhi okuqhubeka ukuthi ihambisane kulokho
isikhathi eside. exhumana ngakho nabantu.
 Umfundisi uhlola izabelo zabafundi
bakhe ngendlela engashintshi,
ngoba njalo usebenzisana nesigaba
ngokuvumelana nokuthile sokuhlolwa esifanayo.

okungaphazamisekile Ukukhuthaza okungaguquki

ngokwesikhathi futhi okuhlala njalo kukathisha kwabanika ugqozi
kuqhubeka. abafundi ukuthi baphumelele.

into, ubuningi noma inani okuhlala Ezweni lamabhizinisi ukuqina idolo

ngaso sonke isikhathi kufana. yikhona okwenza inzuzo.

Ukufunda kuhlanganisa izingxenye

enye yezingxenye zento eziningi kakhulu ezifaka phakathi
ezihlanganisa into ethile ukwenza ukuvula ulwazi oluthile kanye
into ethile ehlangene. nokuqonda.

UNkz. Motsa ungomunye

wamalungu ayisithupha
ilungu elivotayo lenhlangano wenhlangano.

Isibindi, izinso kanye nenhliziyo

izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile
ukuba ingxenye yokuthile zomzimba womuntu ophelele.

Izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalombili
ukwakha noma ukusungula. zenza iNingizimu Afrika.

Umbono wakhe wonke owokuthi

uma abantu ababi bekwazi bona
ukuhlangana bese bakha amandla,
lokho kusho ukuthi nabantu
abethembekile ngokunjalo kufanele
ukufana nento ethile. benze okufanayo.

USihlalo uqalise umhlangano ukuze

kudingidwe izinkinga
ukuqalisa noma ukusungula eziphuthumayo.

Umthethosisekelo wenhlangano
unikeza amalungu iziqondiso
iqoqo lemithetho ebekiwe zokuwulawula.

Ucwaningo lwavinjelwa yisikhathi

ukubamba. kanye nemithombo yezimali.
ukwenza ngokuhlanganisa izinto Izindlu zakhiwa ngamatshe kanye
kanye nezingxenye. nezitini zodaka.
ukwenza into ethile, efana
nomqondo, nomusho, nenkulumo UCharlotte wakha ithiyori yakhe
noma umbhalo, ngokuhlanganisa esusela ezigamekweni eziye
amagama ahlukanisa, njll. zamehlela yena uqobo.

Uhlanga yisakhiwo somphakathi

umqondo onezinto eziningi, nesihlelwa ukuma kwezinhlaka
inkolelo noma umqondo othile. zomphakathi.

Ungase wakhe izinhlaka zendlu

usebenzisa izincezu ezine zokhuni
ukwakha noma ukumisa ezilinganayo.

Abantu bakha incazelo ndawonye

nabanye abantu phakathi nomongo
ukudala noma ukumisa othile.
umbono, ngokuvamile
osuselwe emikhubeni Ukwakhiwa kwentando yeningi
emihle, onezici zemibono yesiGreki yasendulo kwehluke
ehlukahlukene kakhulu kweyanamuhla.
ukwakha okuthile,
njengombono, umusho, UKhulani wakhe umbono wakho
impikiswano noma umbhalo, ngokususelwe kulokho
ngokuhlanganisa amagama okuhlatshangezwane nakho kanye
ahlukene, imibono, njjl. nocwaningo.

Incazelo, ngokwezinga elibanzi,

lisho imibono eyakhiwe
kwenziwe noma kwakhiwe ehlanganisiwe.
okuthile okwakhiwe,
ngokuvamile kusho isakhiwo Abakhi bakha isakhiwo esikhulu
esikhulu kakhulu ezinyangeni ezine ezedlule.

Abafundi bafunda okuningi kakhulu

emazwaneni kaSol. Cunningham
awusizo aba ngezansi kwezabelo
into ewusizo nezuzisayo zabo.

imiqondo ehlukahlukene
ebonisa ukuthi ulwazi
nencazelo akuzona izinto
ezivamile kodwa yizinto
ezakhiwa emphakathini, Ukwakheka kungumbono ongase
ngamanye amazwi phakathi usetshenziselwe ukufunda
nomongo wemiphakathi nokufundisa izilimi zamanye
nezinkathi zasendulo amazwe.

Ukufunda kufana nesenzo

sokwakha ngoba umongo
kuhlobene nombono womfundi nguwo onikeza incazelo
wokwakheka yombhalo ofundiwe.

ukuya kumuntu noma kwincwadi,

njll. ukuze uthole iseluleko Uzobheka kwisichazamazwi
ngolwazi. ukubheka isipelingi samagama.
ukukhuluma kanye nokushintshana
ngemiqondo kanye nemibono Abafundi bayakhuthazwa ukuthi
mayelana nento ethile ukuze ukuthi babonisane nothisha babo
ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo basenyunivesi ngezikhathi
nindawonye. zokubonana nabo.

Abafundi kufanele babheke

imibhalo yezingcweti
ezahlukahlukene emtapweni
ukucwaninga ulwazi wezincwadi ngaphambi kokuqala
encwadini izindatshana zabo.
sebenzisa, isib. izinto eziningi Ukudaya izindwangu kudla amanzi
kakhulu. amaningi kakhulu.

Abadwebi besikhathi samanje

bawushaye indiva umqondo
wesithombe esihle kodwa
okunalokho manje into asebegxile
kuyo umsebenzi okhuluma ngezinto
yinto yangalesi sikhathi samanje. ezenzeka emphakathini.
kwesikhathi esifanayo Isiko le-pop lingokwesimanje
nokwesinye ngokwemvelo.

isimo esivamile, izehlakalo noma Isahluko sokwethula se-dissertation

ulwazi olumayelana nomqondo kufanele ukuthi sichaze umongo
noma nesigameko kanye nokusiza lapho kususelwe khona ucwaningo
ukuthi saziwe noma siqondakale. obelwenziwa.

amagama kanye nemisho okuza Igama elithi "umfundisi"

ngaphambi kanye nangemuva kungenzeka lisho "oshumayelayo"
kwegama elithile, nasiza ukwenza noma "uthisha", kuye ngomqondo
ukuthi umqondo ucace. oqondiwe ngaleso sikhathi.
amagama nemisho avela
ngaphambi nangemva
kwegama elithile, futhi asiza Igama elifanayo lingase lisho izinto
ukwenza incazelo yawo icace ezahlukene kuya ngomongo.

I-Constructivism imiqondo
ukuhambisana lapho incazelo noma ehlukahlukene engabheki nje ulwazi
inani lezingxenye litholakala njengeqiniso elingashintsheki
ngokuphelele noma ngobudlelwano kodwa kuya ngomongo, isb.
kwakho, nalokho okuphelele njengoba kuchazwa imiphakathi
ngokwezingxenye phakathi nokomongo.

Indlela engokomongo yokuxazulula

okuhlobene nomongo lapho inkinga ibalulekile, ikakhulukazi
okuthile kwenzeka, noma lapho kukhona amaqembu
nomongo wombhalo anemibono engafani.
 Ukuze uqonde inkondlo, kufanele
uyifake kumongo we-in die Soweto
yangonyaka yamaphakathi nama-
ukufaka okuthile kumongo 1970.

Isivumelwano esibophezelayo Inkontileka yayikusho kahle ukuthi

nesingenziwa ukuthi sisebenze umsebenzi kwakufanele ukuthi
ngumthetho. uqedwe kwizinyanga ezintathu.

Umbazi wanikwa inkontileka

yokuthi enze umsebenzi
ukwenza isibonelo ngasohlangothini
esisemthethweni nomuntu othile lwangasempumalanga lwegceke
ukuthi enze okuthile. ngomhla zingama-30 kuLwezi 1443.

Kukhona isivumelwano
sezomphakathi
esingakhulunywanga phakathi
isivumelwano esifanayo kwabo bonke abantu.

ukungenala isivumelwano Umbazi wangenela isivumelwano

esisemthethweni nothile sokwenza umsebenzi ohlangothini
ukuze enze into ethile olungasempumalanga kwebhilidi.

Minyaka yonke inyuvesi iqasha

ukungenela noma inani labafundisi besikhashana
ukuzibophezela ukuze inciphise umthwalo
ngenkontilaki wokufundisa.

Amalungu aboshelwe
ngokwenkontilaki ukuthumela
umbiko wawo wezimali minyaka
kuya ngenkontilaki yonke.

Lesi sitatimende asenze kulo

ukwehlukana kakhulu, kungaba mbhalo wakhe wakamuva
okushiwo ngomlomo noma siyashayisana nalokho akusho
okubhaliwe, nokungaze kusho komunye umbhalo wakhe
ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba umuntu owashicilelwa eminyakeni emihlanu
ushaya eceleni kulokho. edlule.

ukuveza ubuqiniso bokuthi okuthile Isitatimende sikasekela mongameli

akusilona iqiniso; ukubonisa ukuba siphikisana namaqiniso atholwe
yiphutha kwento ethile. yizintatheli.

ukufakazela okuthile Isitatimende sikangqongqoshe

njengokubi noma siphikisana nalokho okutholwe
okungamanga izintatheli.
ukwenza noma ukuba Uyaziphikisa lapho uthi uvumela
nezitatimende ezingafani udlame futhi ukholelwa
neze emphakathini onokuthula.

Uma kunokungqubuzana phakathi

kwemithombo yakho kuyofanele
ukuthi uthathe isinqumo sokuthi
ukungabibikho kokuvumelana yimuphi owukholwayo, bese uthola
phakathi kwamaqiniso, kwemibono ubufakazi obengeziwe ukuweseka
noma kwezenzo. lowo mthombo.
inhlanganisela yezinto Amehlo wakhe angenazwelo
ezimbili ezibonakala aphikisana namazwi wakhe
zingafani anomusa.
okwehluke kakhulu
kangangokuthi akukwazi Udume kakhulu ngezinsolo zakhe
ukuba iqiniso eziphikisanayo.

Ukubukeka kwamehlo wakhe

okuhluke kakhulu kokunye angenamizwelo okuphikisanayo
kangakokuthi akukwazi kwenza kuthi amazwi wakhe
ukuba okulungile noma anomusa abonakale engelona
okuyiqiniso iqiniso.

Wathi amanzi ayanwebeka uma

okwehluke kakhulu noma eqina eba yiqhwa; okuphikisa lokho
okuphikisana kakhulu nalokho. ukuthi, amanzi ayenab asabalale.

Kunomuzwa wokuthi lokhu

okuphikisa lokho okushiwo noma kuyaphikisana nomoya
okwenziwe. wesivumelwano.

Izingcweti ezimbili azizange

zibonisane umusa –
okuphambene nalokho ngokuphambene nalokho,
kuyiqiniso zazithethisana.

Abazange bayikholwe indaba yakhe,

okuphambene nalokho ngoba banobufakazi
okushiwo noma okwenziwe bokuphambene nalokho.

Wathi amanzi ayancipha lapho

eqandiswa – ngokuphambene
okuphambene nokunye nalokho, ayanda.

okwehluke ngokuphelele futhi

okuphikisanayo nokunye
ukukholelwa, okuphikisanayo Kodwa lo mbono uyashayisana
nombono, nomqondo noma nombono wabaphathi nje
nokuqonda okuthile. bebonkana jikelele.

Kulo mdlalo impilo enokujabula

yowesifazane ozisebenzelayo
iqhathaniswa nempilo
ukuqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ukuze engenakuthokoza yomqashi wakhe
ubonise umehluko phakathi kwazo. oyisicebi.
 Ukushayisana kwaye kwabonakala
phakathi kwemikhiqizo emibili
into eyehluke kakhulu kwenye into, ngokwenani, ukusebenza kwayo
ikakhulukazi uma uyibeka eduze kanye nesikhathi esihlalayo leyo
kwenye. mikhiqizo.

Umehluko phakathi kokukhanya

umehluko omkhulu nobumnyama ugqame kakhulu.

Umfundisi ubonisa umehluko

ukuqhathanisa izinto ezimbili phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili
bese ucacisa ukuthi zehluke zolwazi ngokuchaza izici zazo
kakhulu kangakanani ezingqubuzanayo.
umehluko omkhulu phakathi
kwezinto, ikakhulukazi lapho Ukuthula nomsindo kwenza
uzibeka ndawonye umehluko.
kwehluke ngendlela enkulu Usizi nenjabulo kuyimizwelo
kakhulu ehlukile.

Umpendi upenda ubuso obubili

lapho kuboniswa ukwehluka obehlukile – ubuso obuhlekayo
kwezinto ngokuziqhathanisa nobunye obudangele.

ukunikezela ngemali noma Inkampani ethengisa ngemithi

ngezinsiza ukuze ufezekise inhloso yafaka isandla ngokunikela
ethile, noma ukuze ukhokhele into ngamakesi amathathu emithi
ethile. emtholampilo omusha.

ukubhala imibhalo, izindaba, njll. Usolwazi wabhala imibhalo

okushicilelwa kumajenali, eminingi kakhulu ebalulekile
kumaphephandaba noma kwejenali yemithi ebalulekile
kumaphephabhuku. eNingizimu Afrika.

Amandla enuzi wudaba

oluyinzukazikeyi kanti lusaqhubeka
Okwenzaukuthi kube nokuphikisana nokubanga izimpikiswano ezishisa
okuningi kakhulu emphakathini. phansi yonke indawo.

Izihloko eziphikisanayo ezifana

nezakhi zofuzo zokwenziwa
nokuqandisa imbungu kuhlale njalo
kubangela impikiswano ejulile,
ngoba zona ngokwazo lezi zihloko
ziyaphikisana nangaphambi kokuthi
ukubangela impikiswano abantu baqale ukukhuluma ngazo.

Ucwaningo olumayelana nezakhi

zofuzo zokwenziwa ngokuvamile
luyaphikisana ngoba luphakamisa
kuholela empikiswaneni zonke izinhlobo zezimilo
enkulu esesidlangalaleni ezahlukahlukene.
 Ngenxa yenzukazikeyi ngodaba
lokuhlolwa kwezilwane,
ingxoxo yomphakathi mayelana abemithombo yezindaba manje
nodaba oluthile okutholakala ukuthi sebeqalile bakhuluma
abantu abaningi bayaphikisana ngokunakekelwa kwezilwane
ngalo. ezindaweni zokuhlola.

Ibhayisikobho yempi yaseVietnam

yabangela impikiswano enkulu
kakhulu ngenxa yeziqephu
impikiswano yesikhathi eside ezibekela ingcaca ubulili nodlame.

impikiswano Ngenxa yempikiswano, abezindaba

esesidlangalaleni mayelana banakisisa nakakhulu ukunakekelwa
nenkinga abantu abanngi kwezilwane ezikhungweni
abangavumelani ngayo zokuhlolwa.

impikiswano
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwezakhi
esesidlangalaleni emayelana zofuzo zabantu zokwenziwa
nenkinga abantu abaningi lunesikhathi lushitshekelwa ngoba
abangavumelani kakhulu abacwaningi abavumelani
ngayo ngezinkinga ezihlobene nesimilo.

Kunempikiswano eshubile
kwabezindaba emayelana
nokukhethwa kukahulumeni
impikiswano yesikhathi eside omusha.

ukusondelana ndawonye ukuze

kube nomhlangano Ingqungquthela yesifo sengculazi
osemthethweni. yahlanganela eThekwini ngoMeyi.

Ubuciko besimanje buhlukile

indlela izinto ezivamise endleleni yokwenza izinto yekhulu
ukwenziwa ngayo leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.

ngokuvumelana nendlela Indlela yakhe yokuphila

okuthile okuvamise engajwayelekile ayifani nendlela
ukwenziwa ngayo yethu evamile yokwenza izinto.

Imigqa emide ehlangana emapalini

ukusondela ngasendaweni efanayo yiyona eyehlukene kakhulu
nivela ezindaweni ezahlukene. ngasekuqaleni kwayo.

ukuma ukuthi kungabe

kusehlukwana bese kuba yinto
eyodwa, imiqondo eyodwa,
amathiyori awodwa, imiphakathi Imibono yabo iyahlangana uma
eyodwa, njll. sekuziwa ngasekuqedeni ubuphofu.
 Izisikiselo ezahlukene zomfundi
zagcina zihlangene zaba umbono
ukuhlangana owodwa.
ukuyela endaweni efanayo
kusuka ezindaweni
ezahlukene, noma Ukuhlangana kolayini bojantshi
ukuhlangana ndawonye edolobheni elincane kangaka
endaweni ethiile kuyinto engajwayelekile ngempela.

Umbuzo onempendulo eyodwa

kuphela udinga ukucabanga
ngendlela eqondile futhi kanjalo
ukuqondiswa endaweni ikuphoqelela ukuthi uphendule
eyodwa ngendlela elungile.

Abafundi bayathanda ukuzixoxela

nje ngezilimi zabo, yize uthole
ukuba nengxoxo nje nindawonye; ukuthi bonke benza izifundo zabo
ukukhuluma. ngesiNgisi.

Imvamisa kunenkolelo yokuthi

amahomoni nomthelela kwindlela
umuntu aziphatha ngayo. Kodwa-ke
kunenye inkulumo ephikisana nayo
yiqiniso eliphikisana nelishiwo, le ethi: indela yokuziphatha
nombono, noma nesitatimende inomthelela ekwakhekeni
esishiwo. kwamahomoni.

Namhlanje sekwabalula nje

ukushintsha indalo yento ethile, ukushintsha aama–DVD akudala
ukushintsha inhloso noma abe amacwecwe amancane
ukusebenza kwento ethile. aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Amakholwa angamaKrestu
amaningi akholwa ukuthi u Charles
Darwin wayishiya phansi inkolelo
ukunxenxa umuntu ukuthi yakhe yokuthi umuntu ufa abuye
ashintshe izinkolelo zakhe, imibono avuke wabe esephendulwa waba
yakhe noma imikhuba yakhe ngumKrestu ngaphambi kokuba
akholelwa kuyo. ashone.

I-neutron iyashintsha ibe

ukushintshwa isuswa kwinhloso yiprhothoni uma kuphuma i-
ethile ukuze yenze enye inhloso. elekthroni kuyo.

umuntu oseshintshile noma

oncengiwe ukuthi ashintshele Akazange acabange ukuthi uyoke
kwinkolo enye, kwinkolelo athenge izinto nge-inthanethi,
yezepolitiki, njll. kodwa manje usejikile useyikholwa.
othile oshintshile noma
okholisiwe ukuthi
ashintshele enkolweni Wayangacabangi ukuthi uyoke
ehlukile, inkolelo athenge nge-inthanethi, kodwa
yezepolitiki, umkhuba, njjl. manje useshintshiwe.
ukwenza umuntu aliqonde iqiniso Abafundi kumele baboniswe
noma akuqonde ubuqiniso bento ngombono othile ngokuthi banikwe
ethile. ubufakazi obuqinile.

Kuzodingeka ukuthi uBenjamin

ahlanganise imisebenzi yakhe
ehlukahlukene yokuchitha isizungu
ukuhlanganisa izici nohlelo lwakhe lokutadisha
ezahlukene ngendlela oluhlelekile, kungenjalo ngeke
evumelanayo aphumelele ezifundweni zakhe.

ngezici ezahlukahlukene Ukutadisa okuhlanganisiwe kanye

ngobudlelwano nemisebenzi yokuchitha isizungu
obuphumelelayo kuyinto eyinhloko yokuphumelela.

Sonke siyazi ukuthi kubaluleke

ukuhlanganisa izici kangakanani ukuhlanganiswa
ezahlukahlukene ukuze kwemisebenzi yangemuva
zisebenzisane ngesikhathi kwesikole nohlelo lokutadisha
esisodwa ukuze uphumelele.
ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu noma umongo wezobunjiniyela
ephakathi nendawo. ukusombulula izinkinga.

ukubonisa ukuthi kunokuxhumana

okusondelene kakhulu phakathi Ukunganakekelwa kwabantu
kwamaqiniso amabili noma abakhulelwe kuhlobene kakhulu
ngaphezulu, futhi kungenzeka kube nokushona kwabantwana abasanda
wukusondelana kwezinombolo. kuzalwa.

Izenzo namabizo athile

noma iyiphi into eyodwa kwezimbili kuyavumelana, njengathi ngesiNgisi
noma ngaphezulu ezihlobene BUMP, SCREAM futhi WORK.

ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto

ezimbili lapho khona enye into Ucwaningo lubonise ukuhlobana
ishintsha khona uma enye okucacile phakathi kobubha
ishintsha. nobugebengu.

Umncwaningi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi

ubuhlobo obufanayo, kukhona yini ukuhlangana phakathi
ukuhlangana, ukuncika kwendlala nobugebengu.

Kukhona ubudlelwano obufanayo

phakathi kwegama elithi BUMP
ukuba nobudlelwano njengesenzo nelithi BUMP
obufanayo njengebizo ngesiNgisi.

ukukwazi ukumelelana, ukufanana Indaba kafakazi iyahambisana

noma ukuba yinto engaguquki. nalokho okubonakalayo kwividiyo.
 Leli phephandaba lenza ukuhlaziya
kokubaluleka kwamandla
wesikhundla ngaphezu kokulamula,
ukusabela ezimpikiswaneni ukuphikisana kanye nokwahlulela
zabaphikisi kwakho.

ukwenza ukuthi into entsha noma

into engungqo yenzeke noma ibe Uhulumeni wethembise ukwakha
khona. imisebenzi eminingi.

Abafundi abaqala ukubuyekeza

ngokushesha nje ngemva
kokuhlolwa kwabo kokugcina
ukwenza noma ukubangela bazibangela izinkinga ezinkulu
okuthile kakhulu.
ukudala okuthile okusha Ukudala impikiswano
noma ukuqamba into ukuze ecatshangelwe kahle nakho
yenzeke noma ibe khona kuwubuciko.

Kuthatha abafundi abaningi

isikhathi eside ukuthi badale
ukudala okuthile okusha umbhalo ohambisanayo lapho
noma ukuqamba into ukuze bakha khona imibono yabo
yenzeke noma ibe khona ngamafuphi futhi ngendlela ecacile.

Ukudalwa kwengxoxo ebhalwe

okuthile okusha noma futhi yacatshangelwa kahle, nakho,
ukuqanjwa noma ngandlela thile kuwuhlobo
ukusungulwa kwento ethile lobuciko.
okuthile okusha noma Iphepha lezemfundo elibhalwe
ukuqanjwa noma kahle nalo lingase libhekwe
ukusungulwa kwento ethile njengendalo ewubuciko.
ukusebenzisa ingqondo
ukudala into entsha noma Umfundi unobuciko bokwakha
engokoqobo izingxoxo zakhe.

Ngokuvamile abafundi abayazi

izimiso, izinga noma imfuneko yesabelo sabo
iziqondiso zokulinganisela sezemfundo.

Uhlelo lokubheka ukusebenza

yisici esithile ngokwemibandela kwabasebenzi luchaza izindlela
yaso into ethile ingabuyekezwa abasebenzi abakalwa ngazo ukuthi
ngaso. basebenze kanjani.

Kulula kakhulu ukugxeka

ukubona nokuveza amaphutha wabanye abantu kodwa
amaphutha ugweme awakho.

Labo abakhethwa ngumshicileli

bagxeka ezinye izingxenye zenoveli,
ukugxeka ikhwalithi ngemva kokuthi umbhali ebuyekeze
yokuthile futhi uveze umbhalo wakhe wesandla futhi
amaphutha usushicilelwe.
 Wakuthathela phezulu ukugxeka
ukuhlaziya nokwahlulela komkakhe futhi wenza ukulungisa
ukufaneleka namaphutha okuthile kunoveli.

Ukunikela ngokudla kuyinto enqala

kakhulu kulabo abakhahlamezwe
okubaluleke kakhulu. yizikhukhula.

Imidlalo yamavidiyo
ukusungula indlela ethile kucatshangelwa ukuthi itshala
yokucabanga noma yokuziphatha. udlame kwabanye abantwana.

Kungenzeka ukuhlakulela imikhuba

emihle nalabo ngaleso sikhathi
thuthukisa abayintulayo.
okuhlobene nemibono, Ukubaluleka kwemikhosi
imiqondo namasiko yamandulo akufanele kucekelwe
womphakathi phansi.

Ukubhobosa izingxenye ezithile

zomzimba akusiyona into efikayo le;
umphakathi othile ngesikhathi yinto okade kwasa yenziwa
esithile nakwindawo ethile. ngamasiko akudala emandulo.

amasiko, izikhungo zomphakathi,

izinkolelo okwabelwana ngazo
nomphakathi othile noma Isiko labaThwa lisekhona namanje
nempucuzeko ethile. ligcinwe kwimibhalo yamadwala.

imisebenzi efana nobuciko, umculo,

imibhalo yobuciko, njll. Umbhiyozo wamasiko obaseGoli
nokuthathwa ngokuthi kubalulekile uheha izinkulungwane
kwimpucuzeko ngesikhathi esithile. ngezinkulungwane zabavakashi.

Umehluko phakathi kwesiko

elehlukile le-Inuit nalelo lempucuko
yaseNtshonalanga ubonakala kalula
emikhubeni yabo yezindlela
imibono, amasiko zokudla, ukugqoka, ezemfundo
nokuziphatha komphakathi ngisho nemikhuba yabo yezenkolo.

into yokuthenga eyinsimbi noma

eyiphepha esetshenziswayo Imali yaseNingizimu Afrika yaziwa
esikhathini samanje. ngokuthi yiRandi.

Igama lesiBhunu elithi "braai"

umqondo, igama noma isiko selithole ukuba yinto eyemukelwe
elamukelwa futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu ngisho nayilabo
ngabantu abaningi. abakhuluma isiNgisi phaqa.
isimo sokwamukelwa noma Igama elithi BRAAI selande kakhulu
ukusetshenziswa abantu phakathi kwabantu abakhuluma
abaningi isiNgisi.
okuhlobene nohlelo Ukugxila kokufundwayo kwezikole
lwemfundo kuyehluka.

ukuhlela nokumisa uhlelo Othisha abakhethwe ukuthi bahlele,

lwemfundo lwesifundo kufanele babe nolwazi lweminyaka
esithile eminingi befundisa leso sifundo.

Uma ucabangela indabuko yesiLatin

ye-CURRI, uhlelo lwemfundo
luyindlela engokomfanekiso
oyithathayo ukufinyelela umgomo
othile ngokuqukethwe kwesifundo
izingxenye zesifundo esithile esithile.
incazelo emfushane yeziqu
nolwazi lomsebenzi
wangaphambilini, Uma ufaka isicelo somsebenzi,
ethunyelwa kanye nesicelo isicelo sakhe kufanele sihambisane
somsebenzi ne-curriculum vitae.

Umklomelo ukhishwa ngeziyingi

zeminyaka emine. Kulo nyaka
ukhishelwa izincwadi ezibhalwe
ukuphindwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngababhali ezikhuluma ngezimpilo
kwezigameko ezilandelanayo. zabo uqobo.

Bangaphansi kweqembu
leProtozoa, elinesiyingi esikabili
sokuphila: (I) isiyingi sangokobulili
uchungechunge lweminyakazo emzimbeni womiyane, (2) isiyingi
ephothula uhlelo lokusebenza esingahlanganise lutho nobulili
kukagesi, noma lwama-elekthroni. emzimbeni wabantu
uchunge olulodwa oluphelele
lomnyakaza olufeza inqubo Umshini wokuwasha unomjikelezo
kagesi, yekhemikhali, noma okhethekile wezindwangu ezenziwe
yezinto zikagesi ngoboya.

ulwazi, amaqiniso, ukukala noma

izinto ezibonakalayo ezihlolwayo Kuyosetshenziswa iphepha
ukuze kutholakale izinto ezithile. elinemibuzo ukuqoqa idatha.

Namhlanje uMnyango
ingxoxo enezizathu Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi
ezinokuhlongozwayo ukuze ukwazi uzokhuluma ngezimiso
ukwenza isinqumo sokusombulula zokuhlinzekwa kwesabelo zezondlo
inkinga. zabantwana.
 Ingxoxo mayelana "nezinto
ingxoxo mayenala nesihloko esithile ezibalulekile" yiyona ebisha phezulu
mayelana nodaba lapho imibono ekuhlaleni kwanamhlanje
yabantu yehlukana khona. kwePh