SEC: XII_STU_NEET_NC CTN-4 EX.

DT: 30-09-2024

KEY SHEET
PHYSICS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 3 2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
2 2 3 3 1 3 4 1 2 1
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
4 4 1 4 3 1 4 4 4 4
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
3 3 3 1 4 1 2 2 2 4

CHEMISTRY
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
2 4 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 4
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
1 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
3 4 2 3 1 1 4 2 1 2
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
2 1 4 4 3 1 4 4 1 1
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
4 4 2 2 2 4 2 3 1 3
NARAYANA IIT/NEET ACADEMY XII_STU_NC_CTN-4_NEET Date 30-09-2024

BOTANY
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
2 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 4
111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
4 1 2 4 2 4 3 1 3 2
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130
1 1 2 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
1 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 1 1
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
2 4 2 1 4 1 3 1 2 1

ZOOLOGY
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
2 2 3 4 3 1 4 3 1 4
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170
2 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4
171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
1 2 2 4 4 2 4 1 2 3
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190
4 3 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 3
191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200
2 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 1 4

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Hints &Solution
PHYSICS

1. According to quantisation of charge, charge is an integral multiple of electronic charge

(e =1.6 × 10–19C).

2.

For charge, which placed at point P:-

Fnet = 0
F1 = F2
k(9e)(q) k(16e)(q)

x2 (70  x)2
 x = 30 cm from 9e or 40 cm from16e.
3. The force is given from Coulomb’s law as,
1 qq
F  12 2
40 r
9 109  q  q
0.144 
(0.05)2
q = 0.2 × 10−6 C
= 0.2 C
4. Let electric field at a point x from the charge 9e, is zero.
It can be written as,
1 9e 1 3e
 2 
40 x 40 (r  x)2
3(r − x)2 = x2
3(r  x)  x
3
x r
( 3  1)
3
The distance of the point from 9e charge where the electric field intensity will be zero is r.
( 3  1)
5. E  8iˆ  4jˆ  3kˆ
A  100kˆ
  E.A
(8iˆ  4jˆ  3k).(100k)
ˆ ˆ

 = 300 unit
î & ĵ component of E.F. do not give flux in the given area.
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1 1
6.  ( q)  (36C)
8 0 8 0
4 9 109
=  36 106
8
= 162 × 103 Nm2/C

7.

k(q) k(q)
VA   0
a a
8. D & E are equipotential positions w.r.t. initial and final charge distribution
V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ
9. E i j k
x y z
E  (6y)iˆ  (6x  1  2z)ˆj  (2y)kˆ
at point (1, 1, 0)
E  6iˆ  5jˆ  2kˆ
 (6iˆ  5jˆ  2k)
ˆ
10. Conceptual
11. Field at O = Field by arc + Field by  wire
 0i  0i  0i  1 
=   1   
2R 2R 2R   
12. B = B  B1  B2


1I1 2 I2
B 
2d 2d
0
 (I1  I2 )
2d
0
 (5  2.5)
2(5 / 2)

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0
 
2
13. The magnetic flux density at the center of coil:
2ni
B  107
r
2   25  4
 107 
5 102
= 1.257 × 10–3 T
14. Two charged particles A & B at rest; potential difference = V ; magnetic field = B ; radii = r1 and r2
Let radius of A and b be r1 and r2 and their masses m1 and m2
2m(qv)
r
qB
Since they have same charge
r1 m1

r2 m2
2
m1  r1 
 
m2  r2 
15. The velocity of unaffected electron beam will be
qBV = qE
|E|
V
| B|
16. Conceptual
17. Conceptual
18. Conceptual
19. Conceptual
20. Area enclosed by the circular path, A = R2
Current flowing due to revolution of charge q is I = qν
where, v is the frequency of revolution
v qv
 I  q 
2R 2R
qv qvR
Magnetic moment,   IA   R 2 
2R 2
21. Force on a moving charge in magnetic field = q(v  B)
 F  2 106 (2iˆ  3j)
ˆ  2jˆ 106

 F  2 106 (2iˆ  3j)

ˆ  106
ˆ
 F  8kN
22. Conceptual

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1  1
23. sin c  ;     
R D

 D 3500Å 1
sin c   ; sin c 
 R 7000Å 2
c  30
24. Conceptual
i
25. R sin i   sin  
2
i i i
1 2sin    cos     sin  
2 2  2
 i  
cos     
2  2

i  2cos 1  
2
26. P = P1 – P2
 P = + 2.50 – 3.75
P = – 1.25
100
f  80cm
1.25
1 1 1 
27.   L  1    ……… (i)
f air  R1 R 2 
1  L  m   1 1 
    ……… (ii)
f m   m   R1 R 2 
(i) f m (L  1)
Equation  
(ii) f air  L  m 
 
 m 
3  1
  1
  
fm 2
 2 4
8 3 4 1
2 3 8
 4 
 
 3 
fm = 4 × 8 = 32 cm
28. Equivalent power of combination,
Peq = 2PL + PM
1
 2(  1)    O
R
The required focal length,

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1 R
f  
Peq 2(  1)
10
  10cm
2(1.5  1)
29. Radius of curvature of plane surface R1 = 
Radius of curvature of curved convex surface R2 = − 60 cm
Refractive index of material of lens = 1.6
1 1 1
Using lens maker formula :  (  1)(  )
f R1 R 2
1 1 1
  (1.6  1)(  )
f   60
 f = 100 cm
 x
30.  {x = x]
2 
2x
 

31. IA = I1  I2  2 I1I2 cos 

IA = I  41  2 I(4I) cos
2
  
IA = 5I ……. (i) cos  0
 2 
I B  I  4I  2 I(4I) cos 2
IB  9I ……(ii) {cos 2 = 1]
IB – IA = 9I – 5I = 4I
32. Conceptual
33. Conceptual
2
Imax  a1  a 2 
34.  
Imin  a1  a 2 
2
36  a1  a 2 
 
1  a1  a 2 
6 a1  a 2 a1 7
 or 
1 a1  a 2 a2 5
35. Conceptual
36. Conceptual
37. The current direction is always opposite to the direction of the electrons.
38. Flux linked with each turn = 4 × 10–3 Wb
 Total flux linked = 1000[4 × 10–3] Wb = 4 Wb

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total = L i = 4  L = 1H
1 2
39. Magnetic potential energy  LI
2
1
 25 103  L(60 103 )2
2
 L = 13.89 H
40. V = 120 sin (100  t) cos (100 t)
 2 sin cos = sin 2
sin(2 100t)
sin (100t) cos (100t) =
2
V = 60 sin (200 t)
Compare from
V = Vo sin t
Vo = 60 volt,
 = 200 
2f = 200 
f = 100 Hz.
41. I = 3 + 4 sin t
(i) square = 9 + 16 sin2 t + 24 sin t
1
(ii) mean value = 9  16   0  17
2
(iii) Root = 17
(iv) Rms value = 17
OR
I = a + b sin t
b2 16
Irms  a 2   9
2 2
= 17
42. VL = VC
 XL = XC (Resonance condition)
V 100
i   2A
R 50
VR = iR = 2 × 50 = 100 V
43. Power dissipation = VI cos
V R V2 R
 V. .  2
Z Z z
Now Z  . R 2  (X L  X C ) 2
Z = R ( XL = XC)
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V2 R V2
Power dissipations = 
R2 R
V0 10
V 
2 2
 R = 10
10 10
 Power dissipation =  5watt.
2  2 10
OR
At resonance
10
I0  1
10
1
Irms 
2
10 1
Pav  Vrms Irms    5Watt.
2 2
D 5 107  2
44.    1mm
d 1103
45. A  a12  a 22  2a1a 2 cos 


 a 2  a 2  2a 2 cos
3
 a 3
46. Conceptual
47. m  (P 1)A
m  (1.52 1)  4.5
m  0.52  4.5
m  2.34
48. Given: The wave function (in S.I. units) for an electromagnetic wave is given as-
(x, t) = 103 sin (3 × 106x – 9 × 1014t)
To find the speed of the wave
Solution:
We know electromagnetic wave equation is
E = E0 cos(kz − t)
And given equation is
(x, t) = 103 sin (3 × 106x – 9 × 1014 t)
By comparing these two, we get
ω = 9 × 1014 and
k = 3 × 106

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we also know,

Speed of electromagnetic wave, v =
k
Where v is the speed of the light
9 1014
Hence, v 
3 106
 v = 3 × 108 m/s
49. Conceptual
50. Conceptual

Hints &Solution
CHEMISTRY

51. 1.00 m aqueous solution means 1 mole of solute in 1 kg of water.

1000
1 kg of water corresponds to  55.56 moles.
18
1
The mole fraction of solute is  0.0177.
1  55.56
52. Conceptual
53. Conceptual
W1  K f 1000
54. Depression in Freezing point Tf =
M1  W2
Where W1 = Weight of Solute
W2 = Weight of solvent
M1 = Molar mass of solute
Kf = Freezing point deprssion constant
1.86  68.5 1000
Now, Tf =  0.372C
342 1000
Now, Tf = T° − Tf
So, Tf = 0 − 0.372 = − 0.372°C.
55. Molecular mass = 2 × Vapour Density
Given , Density = 0.001293g/ml
1 ml has 0.001293 gm
22.4 × 103 ml has 0.001293 × 22.4 × 103
= 28.96
28.6
Vapour density =  14.48
2
56. Conceptual
57. =K×V

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1 1
=  V
R a
1
=  0.66 10,0000
210
= 314.28 mho cm2 eq–1
58. Conceptual
59. Given, equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution, eq  425 1cm 2 eq 1
Degree of dissociation () = 90 % or 0.9
Specific conductance of solution (K)
= 3.825 Ω−1cm−1
 eq
 
 eq
(  eq = equivalent conductance at the particular concentration C)
  eq at concentration C = 0.9 × 425 = 382.5 −1 cm2 eq−1
K 1000
Now, C=  10g equivalent / L
eq
Thus normality of the solution is 10 N.
60. Conceptual
61. Conceptual
62. Given,
EZn+2 / Zn = − 0.76 or EZn/Zn+2 = 0.76
EAg+ / Ag = 0.80 or EAg / Ag+ = − 0.80
ECu+2 / Cu = 0.34 or ECu / Cu+2 = − 0.34
As oxidation potential order is
Ag < Cu < Zn
 More the oxidation potential more the tendency to oxidise itself.
As Zn has more oxidation potential among all, hence Zn can reduced Ag  and Cu 2
63. Cu(s)  2Ag2 (ag)  Cu 2 (aq)  2Ag(s)
E° = 0.46V at 298K
nFE
log K C 
RT
2  0.46

0.059
KC = 4 × 1015
64. Conceptual
65. Conceptual
66. Conceptual
67. For a first order reaction, r = k[A]

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102
k
0.2
Also,
0.693 0.693  0.2
t1/2    13.86 min
k 102
= 14 min.
68. In 20 minutes the concentration decreases from 1.0 M to 0.6 M.
This corresponds to 40% decrease in the concentration.
Again, the concentration decreases from 0.6 M to 0.36 M.
This is also 40% decrease.
Hence it will take same time i.e 20 minutes.
69. Boron has three valence electrons, so it is supposed to make 3 bonds in a molecule with
hybridization, sp2 as only s and two p -orbitals are used in hybridization and last p –orbital is vacant.
But diborane, B2H6 contains two electrons each, three centred bonds. Each Boron atom is in a link with
four hydrogen atoms. This makes tetrahedral geometry.
Hence, each Boron atom is sp3 - hybridized.
70. Conceptual
71. Conceptual
72. A black sulphide when treated with ozone becomes white. The white compound is PbSO4
PbS + 4O3 PbSO4 + 4O2
(Black)
73. Conceptual
74. Conceptual
75. EDG(electron donating groups) (+R, +I)
Decreases acidity and EWG(electron withdrawing group) (-R, -I) increases acidity of phenol.
 NO2 is a strong EWG so it increases the acidity of phenol.
OCH3 is EDG so it decreases the acidity of phenol.
76. Conceptuals
77. Conceptual
78. Conceptual
79. When propanoic acid is reacted with liq. ammonia it gives 1-amino propanone and water as a by
product 1-amino propanone is reacted with bromine in presence of potassium hydroxide, Hofmann
bromamide reaction takes place which gives ethylamine as a product.
Thus Propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH) is the correct answer.

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80. Conceptual
81. Conceptual
82. Conceptual
83. Conceptual
84. Conceptual
85. Conceptual
86. CHCl3 gives carbylamines test.

RNH2  CHCl3  3KOH(alc)   RNC  3KCl  3H2O
alkylisocyanide

87. Conceptual
88. Conceptual
89. Given standard reduction potential at 25oC are:
Zn 2 (aq)  2e Zn(s), 0.762 V
3 
Cr (aq)  3e Cr(s), 0.740 V
2H   2e  H 2 (g), 0.00 V
Fe3  2e Fe2 ,0.77 V
Reduction potential is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and there
by get reduced. Higher is the reduction potential more is the tendency to get reduced and stronger is
the oxidising agent. or vice-versa.
Thus lower reduction potential species will be the stronger reducing agent.
Zn 2 (aq)  2e Zn(s), 0.76 V having lowest reduction potential thus Zn is the strongest
reducing agent.
100
90. The number of moles of water in 100 g =  5.555.
18
Let n be the number of moles of solute.
The relative lowering in the vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of solute
P  P
X
P
760  732 n

760 n  5.555
n
0.0368 
n  5.555
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27.144 = n + 5.555
5.555
n  0.212
26.14
The molality of the solution is the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of water
100 g of water corresponds to 0.1 kg
0.212
m  2.12
0.1
The elevation in the boiling point is
Tb = kbm = 0.52 × 2.12 = 1.1°C
The boiling point of the solution is
Tb = 100 + 1.1  101.1C 101C
91. Conceptual
92. Conceptual
93. Conceptual
94. Conceptual
95. Conceptual
96. Conceptual
97. Conceptual
98. Conceptual
99. Conceptual
100. Conceptual
Solution
BOTANY

101. Anther two thecae are present. Theca refers to the anther lobe cavity. Diathecous lobes are those that
have two thecae. There are two pollen sacs, or microsporangia, on each theca.
102 For outer to inner option 3 is correct.
103. Monocarpic plants are those that flower and set seeds only once, and then die. Option 4 is correct.
104. Vallisneriais a water pollinated plant.
105. They don't even [Link] blooms stay closed, so there's no risk of [Link] the
closed flower, the stigma and anthers are situated close to one [Link] the same flower,
pollination takes place.
107. 1 Meiotic and 1 mitotic divisions are required as to form a vegetative and generative cell.
108. 1 meiotic division forms 4 pollen grains so 20 divisions are required.
109. The cells of the sporophytes are diploid and rest of the gametophyte are haploid.
110. Among dicot seeds, castor seeds are unique in having endosperm.
In castor seeds, the endosperm acts as the main tissue for storage and is rich in nutritional reserves
such carbohydrates, proteins, and oil.
111. Mendel's work was delayed in being accepted for three reasons: 1) Insufficient publicity and
communication. 2) In view of the constant variation seen in nature, his theory of components (genes)
as distinct entities that did not mix together was rejected.
112. The term ecosystem was coined by AG Tansley.
113. Stratification
114. The functional unit of ecosystem are productivity, decomposition, energy flow, nutrient cycle.
115. Father can’t be homozygous for A as it has to has aio allele.
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116. Pea plants that are very inbred, or "true-breeding," are the outcome. These are the plants that
consistently yield children who resemble their parents. Mendel prevented the emergence of
unexpected features in progeny that would arise if the plants were not genuine breeders by conducting
his experiments on true-breeding pea plants.
117. Primary productivity depends upon
1) photosynthetic capacity of plant
2) nutrient
3) solar radiation
118. When multiple alleles influence a characteristic, it is referred to as multiple allelism. Numerous alleles
of a gene may exist at the same chromosomal locus.
Multiple alleles impact the same attribute because they are distinct manifestations of the same gene.
119. According to the genetic concept of co-dominance, the phenotypic expression of both alleles in an
allelomorphic pair is equal. Human blood type AB is one instance where both the A and B alleles are
expressed.
120. Because the "I A" and "I B" alleles codominate, the genotype "I A I B" results in the "AB" blood
group, respectively. There are four phenotypes in all based on the six genotypes. As a result, children
of parents with blood types A and B can have blood groups A, B, AB, and O.
121. The given graph in single tree ecosystem.
122. Conceptual
123. When a dominant allele, or gene form, does not totally counteract the effects of a recessive allele,
incomplete dominance occurs, and the organism's physical characteristics reflect a blending of the two
alleles. Another name for it is partial dominance or semi-dominance. Roses provide as one illustration.
Heterozygous roses, which have both alleles, are pink. The gene for red color is dominant over the
allele for white color. Keep in mind that codominance, in which both alleles manifest themselves
simultaneously, is not the same as this.
127. It could easily be derived with the help of linkage mapping.
128. DNA is always negatively charged and it could wrapped around the positively charged proteins
(histones).
130. DNA replication that is semi-conservative was established by the Meselson-Stahl experiment. To
differentiate freshly generated DNA from already existing DNA, they tagged cells with various stable
isotopes of nitrogen. The experiment demonstrated that each daughter molecule of DNA replication
consists of one "old" and one "new" strand. They verified that DNA replication is semiconservative by
utilizing E. coli DNA with various nitrogen isotopes.
131. RNA is unstable due to the presence of 2’ OH of the ribose sugar.
132. About 147 base pairs of DNA are encircled by a histodisc, a combination of eight histone proteins—
two of each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4—that makes up the nucleosome core particle. Often referred to
as the linker histone, the H1 histone stabilizes the DNA-histone connection. It compacts the chromatin
more by binding to the DNA in the space between nucleosomes.
133. DNA replication that is semi-conservative was established by the Meselson-Stahl experiment. To
differentiate freshly generated DNA from already existing DNA, they tagged cells with various stable
isotopes of nitrogen. The experiment demonstrated that each daughter molecule of DNA replication
consists of one "old" and one "new" strand. They verified that DNA replication is semiconservative by
utilizing E. coli DNA with various nitrogen isotopes.
135. The Svero Ochoa enzyme aids in the enzymatic synthesis of RNA, or template-independent
polymerization of RNA sequences. The researchers discovered that genes that are transcribed through
RNA intermediates contain genetic information.
With two distinct functions, phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonuclease and 3'-terminal oligonucleotide
polymerase, Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) is a bifunctional enzyme.
136. The sequence of the RNA will be complementary to the template strand.
137. Throughout the human genome, more than 600 million SNPs have been found in people worldwide.
Four to five million sites separate an average genome from the reference human genome, with SNPs
and small indels accounting for the majority of these differences (more than 99.9%).
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138. Repression of carbon catabolite, or simply catabolite repression, is a crucial component of the global
control mechanism of many types of bacteria and other microorganisms. Microorganisms can swiftly
adjust to a preferred (rapidly metabolizable) carbon and energy source first thanks to catabolite
suppression.
139. The percentage of bases is not following the Chargaff’s rule so the DNA is double stranded.
140. Because of the blending of alleles, co-dominance is a form of dominance in which the offspring
resemble both parents.
141. Conceptual
142. ABO blood group is the example of co-dominance and multiple allelism, law of segregation is related
with the monohybrid cross, and law of independent assortment is related with dihybrid cross and gene
mutation occurs due to base substitution.
143. Specific mutations are acquired and occur only when required is not possible at all.
145. A genetic disease known as trisomy 21—also called Down syndrome in the United States or Down's
syndrome in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries—is brought on by the
presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
A hereditary disorder called hemophilia is brought on by a genetic flaw in the gene that controls the
body's production of factors VIII, IX, or XI.
Due to the location of these genes on the X chromosome, haemophilia is an X-linked recessive illness.
A deficit in clotting factors VII, IX, or XI results in hemophilia.
146. Complementary base pairing was discovered as a result of Chargaff's observation. Cytosine (C)
couples with guanine (G), and adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T).
Hydrogen bonding is the basis for this pairing: three hydrogen bonds hold C-G pairs together, whereas
two hydrogen bonds hold A-T pairs together. On the other hand, the stability and structure of the DNA
double helix depend on complementary base pairing.
147. Conformer: They rely on modifications in their surrounding environment.
Regulator: They have some degree of control over their internal environment, regardless of their
external surroundings.
148. The following equation represents the logistic growth model or mathematical function: r × N ×(1 − N
K) = G G can be expressed as r × N × (1 − N K), where (K) represents the carrying capacity, or the
largest population that a given environment can support.
149. Muscular dystrophies, a class of hereditary illnesses characterized by gradual muscle loss and
weakness, including myotonic dystrophy (DM). Muscles in DM frequently cannot relax after
contracting. Cataracts, intellectual disabilities, and issues with cardiac conduction are possible further
signs. Infertility and premature baldness are possible in men. Although myotonic dystrophy can
develop at any age, it usually manifests in the twenties and thirties.
150. The famous national park for migratory birds in Rajasthan is Keolado national park.

Solution
ZOOLOGY

151. It is haploid as result from primary oocytes.

152. Follicle stimulating hormone help in formation of follicle (gametes).
153. The scientific name of evening primrose is Oenothera lamarckinana.
154. In polio attenuated or killed pathogen is given.
155. Oxytocin
156. NCERT line
157. Transformation of spermatids into sperm by morphological changes without involving cell division is
called as spermiogenesis. The release of mature spermatozoa from the Sertoli cells into the lumen of
seminiferous tubules is called as spermiation
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158. Conceptual
159. Lactational ammenorrhoea has failure rate
160. Vasectomy restrict sperm pathways not its formation.
161. GIFT and IUI falls under in-vivo fertilization technique
162. Uterine changes doesn’t direct ovarian changes but reverse is true
163. The malarial parasites are stored in the salivary gland of the mosquito
164. Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices (IUDs) are inserted by the doctors or expert nurses in the uterus
through the vagina. These devices increase phagocytosis of sperm
165. Hormone releasing IUDs, Pills, Emergency contraceptives
166. Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity
168. Has natural killer cells which can phagocytose and destroy microbes
169. The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft
170. If A is false, but R is true
Because in Assertion Baculoviruses are narrow spectrum insecticides
171. Cocaine is produced from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) a native to South America.
172. Are hallucination.
173. Pneumonia infects alveoli while common cold affects nose and respiratory passage
174. A biocontrol agent to be a part of an integrated pest management should be Species-specific and
inactive on non-target organisms.
175. All
176. Glaucoma is blind cataract.
177. All are fungi except wuchereria.
178. ss RNA but found in two set.
179. Lobefins is first vertebrae.
180. Neanderthal with a brain size of 1400cc lived in near East and central Asia
185. MALT (Mucosa – associated lymphoid tissue) constitutes about 50% of the lymphoid tissue in the
human body.
186. I, III and IV are correct
AIDS was first reported in 1981 and the word ‘syndrome’ in this, means a group of symptoms.
187. Jurassic period of Mesozoic era is characterized by rise of toothed birds, reptiles were dominant,
dinosaurs became large and the dominance of gymnosperms (flowering plants).
188. I, III, IV and V options are in the favour of to avoid transmission of STDs
Option II is incorrect because Always have protected sex to avoid transmission of STDs
189. cyanobacteria and rhizobium
190. They grow aerobically and breakdown cellulose-rich food
191. The correct group of biocontrol agents is Trichoderma, Baculovirus, and Bacillus thuringiensis.
192. Aspergillus is a good producer of citric acid.
193. Methanobacterium is present in the rumen of cattle.
194. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Committee (KVIC)
195. This antibiotic was used to treat American soldiers wounded in World War II.

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196. small amount of curd added to the fresh milk as inoculums or starter contains millions of LAB, which
multiply at a suitable temperature, thus converting milk to curd, which also improves its nutritional
quality by increasing vitamin B12.
197. Test tube baby is a term that refers to a child that is conceived outside the women's body by a scientific
process known as In-Vitro fertilization or IVF treatment.
198. To calculate day of ovulation = Number of days of mensuration cycle - 14 (luteal phase i.e., fixed)
= 35 – 14 = 21 day (ovulation day)
199. Evolution is not a directed process in sense of determinism. Reason: Evolution is a stochastic process
based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms.

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