TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
STUDENTS' INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)
HELD AT
AMEKA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPANY LIMITED
OLADIMEJI JAMIU ABIODUN
AJP/2023/ND/EEC/10001
A SIWES REPORT SUBMITED TO THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING IN AJAYI POLYTECHNIC, IKERE EKITI
DECEMBER 2024
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
Dedication
Certification
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 About SIWES
1.2 Brief history of SIWES
1.3 Aim and objectives of SIWES
1.4 Role of student during SIWES
1.5 Objectives of the report
1.6 The logbook
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 The basics of home electrical wiring
2.1 Electrical safety precaution
2.2 How to connect electrical wires
2.3 What type of wire is used for every resident
2.4 Common electrical wiring mistakes to avoid
2.5 Common household elecrical problems
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Electrical panel
3.1 How do you install a 200 Amps breaker box
3.2 How can you tell a difference between a 100Amp service and a 200Amp service
3.3 How does electrical panel works
3.4 Where do place my electrical panel
3.5 What are not meant to be touched in a breaker box
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Wiring a residential house
4.1 Requirement for wiring various part of home
4.2 Bathroom
4.3 Kitchen
4.4 Hallways
4.5 Stairways
4.6 Steps to follow for house Wiring
4.6.1 Design a wiring diagram
4.6.2 Set up electrical board
4.6.3 Install conduit
4.6.4 Understand outlet counts properly
4.6.5 Set up connections
4.6.6 Add a Circuit breaker and electrical box
4.6.7Summary
4.6.8 Conclusion
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DEDICATION
This Industrial Training work is dedicated to my parent {MR & MRS OLADIMEJI} whose
love and care have been a motivation to my existence and lastly to my only sister filled with
encouragement & Love saying our parent might got it all but we’ve to do something similar
for our coming generation to make impact I their existences.
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CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that OLADIMEJI JAMIU ABIODUN with matriculation number
AJP/2023/ND/EEC/10001 undergoes his industrial training SIWES with the Electrical
Department at AMEKA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPANY LIMITED . In
partial fulfillment of the award of National Diploma (ND) in Electrical Electronics
Engineering, Ajayi Polytechnic, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, undersigned by the following
people:
............................................................ ..............................
ENG. MR. ADEKOLA OLUSOLA O. DATE
DEPARTMENT SIWES SUPERVISOR
............................................... ..............................
Dr. OMOYENI O.E. DATE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
............................................................. ..............................
ENG. MR. ADEKOLA OLUSOLA O. DATE
SIWES COORDINATOR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Words are not adequate enough to express my deep and sincere appreciation to Dr.
OMOYENI O.E. for putting in so much effort, time, energy, personal sacrifice, and endless
patience to make sure that I was attached to a recognized company of my field (AMEKA
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPANY LIMITED) where I can gain the needed
experience to start my career as Electrical Engineer.
I profoundly thank ENGR, MR. OLUWAFEMI AJAYI (my Industrial Base Supervisor) of
Electrical Engineering department, AMEKA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPANY
LIMITED for His immense contribution in area of Electrical. His criticisms and constant
supply of knowledge to make sure that I achieve my aim of Industrial Training.
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ABSTRACT
This report is aimed at explaining key areas of my training under the Student Industrial
Work Experience Scheme undertaken at AMEKA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING &
COMPANY LIMITED. It gives a brief introduction about AMEKA ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING & COMPANY LIMITED, an indigenous Electrical Company relevant in
Lagos Estate Industry. It also gives a good representation of the organizational structure and
the inter connectivity of the various Engineering and Services Departments. Effort was made
to explain the role of the Electrical Engineering Department, however this period of
Industrial training {I.T} was based on electrical wiring,wiring materials used and safety
precautions taken during operations.
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives a brief history of SIWES, its aims and objectives, as well as a short
narrative on my application and posting. It also introduces intelligent solution providers
(ISP) of Computer, where I had my SIWES training.
1.1 ABOUT STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPRIENCE SCHEME
The student work experience scheme (SIWES) is a worldwide program practiced in countries
like Japan, Australia, USA, Europe and in African countries too. It is popularly known as co-
operative education and referred to as sandwich in Europe. It is a six (4) months students
industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) taken in the 3rd year of the degree program for
University, NCE and second year of the ND program for Polytechnic program, where the
students go to various establishment related their course of study.
The program was initially introduced in Nigeria by the Industrial Training Fund (I. T. F)
which was established under Decree 47 of 1972 by the Supreme Military Council, headed by
General Yakubu Gowon. The Decree was billed to take effect from 31st of March, 1974 and
had as its core objective, the gradual reduction of the percentage of foreign participation in
most of Nigeria’s economic activities, accompanied by a systematic cooperation of locally
oriented skilled manpower into the vast economic sector.
One of the key functions of the ITF is to work as cooperative body with industry and
commerce where students in institutions of higher learning can undertake mid-career work
experience attachment in industries which are compatible with student’s area of study. The
students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill Training program designed
to expose and prepare students for the Industrial work situation which they are likely to meet
after graduation. Participation in SIWES has become a necessary precondition for the award
of diploma and degree certificate in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher
learning in the country in accordance with the education policy of government.
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1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES
The word SIWES (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme) was introduce by the
federal government in the year 1973 to develop the technological, physical and social skill of
our nation, through this, adequate and intelligent student are provide the department involved
the actual challenge various discipline before they can be awarded as an National Diploma
(ND) graduate.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
1. Prepare students for the industrial work situation which they are likely to meet after
graduation.
2. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that are mostly not available in their various institutions.
3. Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills
and experience in their approved course of study and also by interacting with people with
more experience in the field under consideration.
4. Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process and
prepare students for employment in Industrial and Commerce.
5. Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real world situation
thereby reducing the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical work.
1.4 ROLES OF STUDENT
1. Attend SIWES orientation programme before going on attachment.
2. Comply with the establishment’s rule and regulation.
3. Arrange living accommodation during the period of attachment.
4. Record all training activity done and other assignment in the logbook.
5. Complete SPEI from ITF, FORM 8 and get it endorsed by the employer for submission to
the ITF.
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1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT
The SIWES report objectives are:
1. To fulfil the requirement for national diploma in Electrical & Electronics Engineering.
2. To make through explanation of the work done during my four month industrial training.
3. To contribute to the body of knowledge and to enhance the understanding of the writer
about a similar of same jab.
1.6 THE LOGBOOK
The logbook issued to students on attachment by the institution was to record all daily
activities that took place during the period of attachment, and it was checked and endorse by
the industry based/institution based supervisors and ITF during supervision.
CHAPTER TWO
DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHMENT
2.0 THE BASICS OF HOME ELECTRICAL WIRING
Since the 1940s, any house built (or any older home that has been rewired) has had to follow
an electrical code: the NEC-written with safety in mind. NEC code identifies types of
electrical wires and electrical cable types by color. When you remove a switch plate, you've
probably noticed yellow, white, black, red or green wires. They are not there to be
decorative; each serves a specific purpose, and some don't play nicely with others.
2.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
It's vitally important to take safety precautions when working with electricity.
Safety must not be compromised and some ground rules need to be followed first.
The basic guidelines regarding the safe handling of electricity documented below will help
you while working with electricity:
1. Avoid water at all times when working with electricity. Never touch or try repairing any
electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands. It increases the conductivity of the electric
current.
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2. Never use equipment with frayed cords, damaged insulation, or broken plugs.
3. If you are working on any receptacle at your home then always turn off the mains. It is
also a good idea to put up a sign on the service panel so that nobody turns the main switch
ON by accident.
4. Always use insulated tools while working.
5. Electrical hazards include exposed energized parts and unguarded electric quipment which
may become energized unexpectedly. Such equipment alway carries warning signs like
"Shock Risk". Always be observant of such signs and follow the safety rules established by
the electrical code followed by the country you're in.
6. Always use appropriate insulated rubber gloves and goggles while working on any branch
circuit or any other electrical circuit.
7. Never try repairing energized equipment. Always check that it is de-energized first by
using a tester. When an electric tester touches a live or hot wire, the bulb inside the tester
lights up showing that an electrical current is flowing through the respective wire. Check all
the wires, the outer metallic covering of the service panel, and any other hanging wires with
an electrical tester before proceeding
8. Never use an aluminum or steel ladder if you are working on any receptacle at height in
your home. An electrical surge will ground you and the whole electric current will pass
through your body. Use a bamboo, wooden or a fiberglass ladder
9. Know the wire code of your country.
10. Always check all your GFCI's once a month. A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter)
is a RCD (Residual Current Device). They have become very common in modern homes,
especially damp areas like the bathroom and kitchen, as they help avoid electrical shock
hazards. It is designed to disconnect quickly enough to avoid any injury caused by over-
current or short circuit faults.
HOW TO CONNECT ELECTRICAL WIRE
When you're doing wiring installation, you need to identify the parts of the wiring cable, the
non-metallic electrical cable: the outer sheathing (the insulator) and the inner wires. The
colored "wire" you see—the green, black, red, blue or white—is actually the sheathing that
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covers the inner copper wires. If you look closely, you'll see markings stamped on the
sheathing to let you know the number and gauge of wires inside.
WHAT TYPE OF WIRE IS USED FOR RESIDENTIAL
Most modern homes use nonmetallic (NM) cable that consists of two or more wires wrapped
inside the colored sheathing mentioned previously. The package of wires usually contains
one or more hot wires plus a neutral and a ground. To accommodate wiring in an older home
or if your wiring just needs work, you can splice the old wires with new NM cable using a
junction box that protects wire connections. The larger circuit wires carry circuit voltage that
can be really dangerous to touch. If you don't know what kind of wires you have, consider
them all to be dangerous.
ELECTRICAL WIRING MISTAKES TO AVOID
An electrical "oops" moment could be really serious, causing short circuits, shocks or fires.
These are a few common mistakes you'll want to avoid:
- Never connect wires outside of electrical junction boxes. If there's no box, adr one and
connect the wires inside it
-Remember the three-inch minimum on wire length. Don't cut your wires to short. IF you do,
add six-inch extensions.
-Never leave sheathing unprotected between frames, as in a ceiling installation.
Staple it to a 2x 2 or use metal conduit if the wire runs along the wall.
-Avoid loose switches or loosely connected outlets.
-Never install a three-slot receptacle without a ground wire.
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--Don't recess an electrical box behind a wall surface. Instead, add a wall extension.
-Secure cable with a clamp so wire insulation doesn't cut or fray.
COMMON HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
If you have old wiring, you probably have a whole set of issues. One of the more common
ones is frayed insulation because there was no grounding, and the wirins wasn't made to
handle today's heavy-duty appliances. There are several other common electrical problems
that are not restricted to old wiring
--Frequent surges caused by lighting, damaged power lines, or faulty appliances or wiring
-Dips in power supply because of faulty devices (or those made of poor-quality materials)
connected to the power grid
--Light switches that don't work correctly
-A circuit breaker that trips frequently
-An overloaded circuit breaker
--Shocks
-Lights that are too bright or too dim
-High electrical bills
--Light bulbs that burn out too often
-"Possessed" recessed lights that go out and then come back on
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 ELECTRICAL PANELS
Most residential homes rely on the services of their local utility company for electricity. The
power coming from the utility company goes through the electrical panel which acts as the
main switchboard that distributes the electricity needs within each home. This can be for
lights, appliances, and other devices used by members of the household.
There are 4 different types of electrical panels - the main breaker panel, fuse boxes, main lug
panels, and sub-panels. The main breaker panel is the mother of all the panels in your house.
It regulates the circuit breakers and the electricity consumption within the home. Fuse boxes
are made up of small fuses which are designed to prevent overloading within your circuits.
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Main lug panels are comprised of line wires that run into lugs eliminating the need for the
main breaker. Sub-panels are electrical panels that get their energy from the main panel
through a particular circuit. They allow you to control the electrical consumption of
members of your household Can you identify which types of electrical panels are used
within your home? Ha so also wondered when you should replace your electrical panel? On
average electrical panels should be replaced every 20 years. Old electrical panels like the
fuse box need to be updated to one that can handle your present electrical consumption.
However, if you experience flickering lights, the burnt smell coming from your electrical
panel, frequent circuit breaker trips, or if there's been a major addition to your electric
appliances and devices, then you should have your electrical panel checked and replaced if
needed.
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3.1 HOW DO YOU INSTALL A 200AMP BREAKER BOX
Should you need to upgrade into a 200-amp breaker box, you'll need to get a work permit
from your local building inspector, get in touch with your utility provider and ask them to
temporarily stop the service on the day of installation so that you can proceed with the
installation. It's a rather complicated and dangerous job that's why we highly recommend that
you hire a professional electrician to get the job done. We here at Arc Angel Electric can
install your 200-amp breaker box, take care of all the permits, and make the necessary
inspection for safety purposes. If you're installing the Square D brand 200-amp breaker
panel, it should be the same as installing any other brand of 200-amp panel. The only
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difference is that the cables are connected through the back of the panel because of its back
feed design. Again, we recommend that you leave this to the pros. Our professional
electricians at Arc Angel Electric can help you with all your electrical projects.
A 200-amp service will give you the flexibility for your electrical consumption. You can
upgrade your 100-amp panel into a 200-amp panel to comply with the new regulations and
accommodate your growing need for electricity. Homeowners can change their electrical
panel if they are knowledgeable about electrical stuff.
However, it is best to entrust the job to electrical professionals at Arc Angel Electric to
ensure the quality and safety of the work.
3.2 HOW CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A 100AMP & 200AMP
SERVICE
A 100-amp service is usually good for a small home without electric heating. The 200-amp
service is the current standard for newly built homes to serve all the electrical needs of
modern equipment. Physically, the 200-amp breaker is larger than the 100-amp because it
holds more circuit breakers.
3.3 HOW DOES AN ELECTRICAL PANEL WORK
The electrical panel receives the electricity coming from your utility provider. The main
breaker panel turns the power on or off in all the branch circuits within the house. Electrical
current travels through hot wires in your circuit breakers to power your electrical devices.
3.4 WHERE DO YOU PLACE ELECTRICAL PANEL
The National Electric Code says that electric panels should be placed in a spacious room
with clear working space, reachable, and well-lit. Your main breaker panel should be placed
in an area that people in your house don't usually stay in. The Fire Department has
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recommended for the home electric panels to be attached outside the homes to make it easier
for them to shut off electricity in case there's a fire. The secondary panels can be placed in
other rooms such as the bedroom as long as no water can reach them. Therefore, you
shouldn't put your electric panels in your bathroom or laundry room.
3.5 WHAT SHOULD NOT BE TOUCHED IN A BREAKER BOX
Always be cautious when working with any electrical panels. It has parts that can electrocute
you and it can be lethal. Avoid touching the neutral bus bar, a neutral wire, main black cable,
burnt or damaged parts, and exposed metal parts. Remember, it is only safe to touch a circuit
breaker when all the power is turned off.
CABLE SIZING:
Lightning supply
cable size: 1.5 mm
HVAC supply
Cable size: 3 mm
Socket supply
Cable size: 2.5 mm
Gate house supply
cable size: 2.5 mm
CHAPTER FOUR
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4.0 WIRING A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE
Wiring is complex and very different from other aspects of home improvement.
Knowing how it works is of great benefit to you.
However, some localities only approve a licensed electrician for residential house wiring.
This is because of the risks involved in making a simple error. You can do your installation
under the supervision of a licensed electrician to avoid costly mistakes.
As a homeowner, you should know specific basic requirements for home wiring for your
protection, even if you don't plan to do the wiring yourself.
Let's begin with the room-by-room requirements of home wiring.
REQUIREMENTS FOR WIRING VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HOME
Living room, Dining room, and Bedrooms
These standard living areas require a moderate power supply. The living room, dining, and
bedrooms are generally served by 120-volt 15 or 20amp, which can serve more than one
room.
Install a wall switch beside the entry door of the room. This switch is to enable you to light
the room easily when you enter it. It will control ceiling fixtures or wall light. A pull chain
should not control your ceiling light; install a switch.
Your dining room requires a separate 20amp circuit for a microwave or window air-
conditioner. All wall sockets must not be more than 12 feet away from one another. If you
have any wall section that is wider than 2cm, install an electrical socket.
BATHROOM
Remember that bathrooms are always wet, so be extremely careful. Bathrooms may need
more than one circuit because of the lights, vent fans, and outlets for hairdryers and other
appliances.
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A 20-amp circuit is recommended for the outlet sockets in the bathroom. The circuit can be
used to supply the whole bathroom (a single bathroom) if there are no heaters or vent fans
with built-in heaters. You can also use a 20-amp circuit for sockets and another 15amp for
the lighting.
If you plan to use a vent fan with a built-in heater, have a separate 20-amp circuit solely for
it. Your sockets should be at least 120 volts for a bathroom and must have ground-fault
circuit-interrupter protection (GFCI).
All light fixtures in the shower area, if not subject to shower spray, must be rated for damp
locations. You may add an extra outlet close to the door for your vacuum cleaner, depending
on the size of the bathroom.
KITCHEN
The kitchen uses more electricity than any other room in a house. A kitchen with standard
appliances requires about seven circuits or more.
Kitchen lighting requires at least one 120/125-volt 15-amp circuit separately. It can power
ceiling fixtures, canister lights, strip light, and under-cabinet lights. A switch must be
installed for each set of light so that you can control lighting easily.
For portable plug-in appliances, install two 20-amp 120volt circuits for sockets in the
countertop areas. Almost all standard kitchen appliances require a circuit dedicated to them.
The dishwasher, garbage disposal, refrigerator, and microwave each require 120-volt
circuits.
stall an electric range with a 240volt 50-amp circuit even if you won't need right away. An
electric range can be a selling point for you if you want to sell the house.
Check the manufacturer's recommendations to confirm the more appropriate circuit for your
dishwasher and garbage disposal between the 15-amp and 20-amp circuits. As for
refrigerators and microwaves, the amperage would be 20-amp countertop sockets must not
be placed farther than 6 feet apartment
HALLWAYS
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Hallways can be very long, so they need efficient lighting. You have to install enough light
to avoid casting shadows.
If your hallway is 10 feet long, you can use a general outlet. The switches should be installed
three-way so that the ceiling light can be controlled from both ends.
Make it four-way if the hallway serves a bedroom or any other room.
STAIRWAYS
All steps must be adequately lighted; you don't want trips and falls. Just like the hallway, you
need the switches in three-way so that you can put it on or off from both ends. If your
stairway has a turn, ensure that the area is appropriately illuminated.
STEPS TO FOLLOW WHEN WIRING A HOUSE
1. Design a wiring diagram
our first step is to design a wiring diagram. The diagram will show the locations he breaker
box and the path each wire will follow to each outle
2. Disconnect power
It is hazardous to ignore this step. Don't be too self-confident. Cut off the power supply
before doing any wiring in the home, no matter how little. Switch off the sower that leads to
your house meter or call your power supplier to cut it off fo that short period
3. Install conduits
Start from upstairs to the basement. It is easier this way, and you don't need to use a ladder to
push the wire up. Start with the longest cable to avoid wastage.
Have at least one foot of extra wire at each end
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Pass the wires through the drilled hole and fasten the clamps. Then, loosen the lugs on the
brass bus bar. Put the red into one and the black into the other. Tie white cable to the silver
bus bar
4 Set up an electrical board
Mount your electrical panel at the spot where power enters your house from the supplier.
Use a screwdriver and hammer to create holes that power leads can pass through.
5. Understand outlets counts properly
You must know all the outlets needed and how many switches will run in a circuit as
discussed above in the requirements for each room.
6. Set up connection
Now, drive a metal ground bar properly into the soil. Then run an eight gauge copper wire
from the board to the shaft. Join the ground clamp and ground bus together on the service
board.
7. Add a circuit breaker and electrical box
Your circuit breaker should be placed where it is easily accessible. It can be in the basement
or utility room. Connect each electrical circuit to the service board to form a circuit breaker.
Connect the white wire of each cable to the silver bus bar and the ground wire to the ground
bus bar. The black wire should separate breakers on a paired set To avert overloading, design
your circuit to cut the length of the cable. Then mount an electrical box at every location of
an outlet, light fitting, or switch.
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SUMMARY
Wiring a house is very delicate. You have to be careful and make sure you attempt your
house wiring under the supervision of a qualified electrician. Safety is paramount because a
wrong connection can lead to damage to appliances, fire outbreak, or electrocution.Don't
make assumptions; install appliances according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Before you start, take out time to plan using the guidelines above.
CONCLUSION
During the three months SIWES program i have been able to design, construct and perform
experiments that i was unable to do. I want to encourage all students to endeavor to use their
IT opportunity properly by getting involved in the practice because the Student's Industrial
Work Experience Scheme enlightens students knowledge and understanding in their field of
study.
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