US 2159-1
UGANDA STANDARD
First Edition
2019-12-10
Hydraulic fluid — Performance classification — Part 1: General
Reference number
US 2159-1: 2019
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Foreword
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended. UNBS is mandated to co-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders
including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC 16, Petroleum, Subcommittee
SC 1, Petroleum and Petrochemical.
US 2159 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hydraulic fluid — Performance classification:
Part 1: General
Part 2: Specifications for categories HH, HL, HM, HV and HG
Part 3: Specifications for hydraulic fluids in categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU
Part 4: Specifications for hydraulic fluids in categories HETG, HEPG, HEES and HEPR
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US 2159-1: 2019
Introduction
The choice of suitable hydraulic fluids is critical for the lifetime, operational safety and efficiency of hydrostatic
components and gears.
The selection of the appropriate hydraulic fluid for a specific application can be made only when the different
features of the lubricants and the task and conditions under which the machine is to operate are taken into
consideration.
This standard outlines the current performance classification of hydraulic as applicable to ISO classification.
Current hydraulic oil categories that may be deemed obsolete by the ISO classification system during the
course of the application of this standard will be considered obsolete as well.
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UGANDA STANDARD US 2159-1: 2019
Hydraulic fluid — Performance classification — Part 1: General
1 Scope
This Uganda Standard covers classification of hydraulic fluids used in hydraulic systems. This classification
system does not include automotive brake fluids or aircraft hydraulic fluids.
NOTE The consumer should refer to the owner’s or operator’s manual for recommended category of hydraulic fluids
to be used in specific hydraulic systems.
This specification defines only new hydraulic fluids before they are installed in the hydraulic system.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
US ISO 3448, Industrial liquid lubricants — ISO viscosity classification
US 2159-2, Hydraulic fluid — Performance classification — Part 2: Specifications for categories HH, HL, HM,
HV and HG
US 2159-3, Hydraulic fluid — Performance classification — Part 3: Specifications for hydraulic fluids in
categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU
US 2159-4, Hydraulic fluid — Performance classification — Part 4: Specifications for categories HETG,
HEPG, HEES and HEPR
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at [Link]
4 Requirements for base oil
Fully formulated hydraulic fluids shall consist of a blend of a base fluid and an additive package. These base
fluids shall be categorized into the following five groups types; API groups I, II, III, IV and V:
a) Group I base oils classified as being less than 90 % saturates, greater than 0.03 % sulfur and with a
viscosity-index range of 80 to 120.
b) Group II base oils classified as being more than 90 % saturates less than 0.03 % sulfur and with a
viscosity index of 80 to 120.
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US 2159-1: 2019
c) Group III base oils classified as being greater than 90 percent saturates, less than 0.03 percent sulfur
and have a viscosity index above 120.
d) Group IV base oils classified as polyalphaolefins (PAOs). These synthetic base oils are made through
a process called synthesizing.
e) Group V base oils classified as all other base oils, including silicone, phosphate ester, polyalkylene
glycol (PAG), polyolester, biolubes, etc. These base oils are at times mixed with other base stocks to
enhance the oil’s properties.
5 General classification
5.1 General
Hydraulic fluid shall be classified according to viscosity grade and performance.
5.2 Viscosity
The viscosity of the hydraulic fluid shall be classified basing on the ISO viscosity classification, in accordance
with the designations given in US ISO 3448.
5.3 Performance
Hydraulic fluid shall be classified according to performance based on the classification given in Table 1.
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Table 1 — Classification of hydraulic fluids
Code General Particular More Composition Symbol Typical Remarks Standard
letter applications applications specific and applications
applications properties ISO-L
H Hydraulic Hydrostatic Non-inhibited HH
Systems refined mineral
oils US 2159-2
Refined HL
mineral oils
with improved
anti- rust and
anti-oxidation
properties
Oils of HL type HM General
with improved hydraulic
anti-wear systems
properties which include
highly loaded
components
Oils of HM HV Construction
type with and marine
improved equipment
viscosity/
temperature
proper- ties
Applications Triglycerides HETG General US 2159-4
where hydraulic
environmen- systems
tally
acceptable Polyglycols HEPG
fluids are
requested
Synthetic HEES
esters
Polyalphaolefin
and other
synthetic HEPR
hydrocarbons
Hydraulic Oils of HM HG Machines These
slideway type with anti- with fluids are
systems stick/slip combined intended to
properties hydraulic and be multi-
plain bearing functional
way but they do
lubrication not function
systems success-
where fully under US 2159-2
vibration or all hydraulic
intermittent applications
sliding (stick/
slip) at low
speed is to
be minimised
Applications Oil in water HFAE Typically
where fire- emulsions more than
resistant 95 % mass
fluids are fraction of
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required water.
Chemical HFAS Typically
solutions in more than
water 95 % mass
fraction of US 2159-3
water.
Water in oil HFB Typically
emulsions more than
40 % mass
fraction of
water.
Water polymer HFC Typically
solutions more than
35 % mass
fraction of
water.
Synthetic fluids HFDR
containing no
water and
consisting
phosphate
esters
Synthetic fluids HFDU
containing no
water and of
other
composition
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Bibliography
ISO 6743-99:2002, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (Class L) — Classification — Part 99:
General
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Certification marking
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda
National Bureau of Standards.
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DUS 2159-1: 2019
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