CLASS-IXth
CHAPTER-6
DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS
BY: PITAMBAR DAS MAHESHWARI
PGT HISTORY
JNV ARVALLI,GUJARAT,PUNE REGION
THE LEGISLATIVE ( INDIAN
PARLIAMENT)
WHAT WILL WE LEARN?
1. WHAT IS DEMOCRACY?
2. IS INDIA DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY?
3. HOW THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION WORKS?
4. WHAT IS RIGHT?
5. WHY DO WE NEED RIGHTS?
6. LIFE WITHOUT RIGHTS?
7. DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS IN INDIA?
8. EXPANDING SCOPE OF RIGHTS.
DEMOCRACY
✔ U.S. president Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
defined democracy as: «Government of the
people, by the people, for the people.
✔ Democratic government is a more
accountable form of government.
Democracy improves the quality of decision
making. Democracy provides a method to
deal with differences and conflicts.
Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.
It allows us to correct its own mistakes.
PITAMBAR DAS MAHESHWARI
DEMOCRACY IN INDIA
IS INDIA DEMOCRATIC?
• The Politics of India works
within the framework of the
country's constitution. India
is a federal parliamentary
democratic republic in
which the President of India
is the head of state and the
Prime Minister of India is
the head of government.
HOW THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION WORKS?
✔ The executive, legislative and
judicial branches of government
receive their power from the
constitution and are bound by it.
With the aid of its constitution,
India is governed by a
parliamentary system of
government with the executive
directly accountable to the
legislature.
WHAT IS RIGHT?
✔ Rights are legal, social, or
ethical principles of freedom or
entitlement; that is, rights are
the fundamental normative
rules about what is allowed of
people or owed to people
according to some legal
system, social convention, or
ethical theory.
WHY DO WE NEED RIGHTS?
• It is necessary that
citizens should have the
right to express their
opinions, form political
parties and take part in
political activities. Rights
protect minorities from the
oppression of majority.
They ensure the majority
cannot do whatever it likes.
LIFE WITHOUT RIGHT
ONE COUNTRY DENYING IF NO DEMOCRACY (SAUDI ETHNIC MASSACRE IN
RIGHTS TO CITIZENS OF ARABIA) DEMOCRATIC KOSOVA
ANOTHER COUNTRY( BY
AMERICA IN REST WORLD)
600 PEOPLE WERE SECRETLY ▪ HEREDITARY AND A NARROW MINDED SERB
PICKED UP BY THE U.S. FROM ABSOLUTE KING. NATIONALIST
ALL OVER THE WORLD AND ▪ NO POLITICAL RIGHT. MILOSEVIC(MILOSHEVICH)
PUT IN A PRISION IN ▪ NO FREEDOM OF RELIGION. HAD WON THE ELECTION. HIS
GUANTANAMO BAY. ▪ WOMEN ARE SUBJECTED GOVERNMENT WAS VERY
TO MANY PUBLIC HOSTILE TO THE KOSOVO
RESTRICTIONS. ALBANIANS.
DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS IN INDIA
1. RIGHT TO EQUALITY ( ARTICLE 14 TO
18)
2. RIGHT TO FREEDOM (ARTICLE 19 TO
22)
3. RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION
(ARTICLE 23 TO 24)
4. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION
(ARTICLE 25 TO 28)
5. CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL
RIGHTS ( ARTICLE 29 TO 30 )
6. RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL
REMEDIES ( ARTICLE 32 TO 35)
RIGHT TO EQUALITY( ARTICLE 14 TO 18)
❑ Article14-Equality before Law.
❑ Article15-Prohibition of
discrimination on grounds of
Religious,Race,Caste,Sex or
Place of birth.
❑ Article16-Equality of opportunity
in matters of public employment.
❑ Article17-Abolition of
untouchability.
❑ Article18-Abolition of title.
RIGHT TO FREEDOM (ARTICLE 19 TO 22)
❖ Article 19- Protection of 6 rights concerning
the freedom of:
1.Speech and expression
2.Assembly
3.Association
4.Movement
5.Residence
6.Profession
❖ Article 20- Protection with respect to
conviction for offences
❖ Article 21 Right to life and personal liberty
❖ Article 21A Right to elementary education
(86th Amendment-2002)
❖ Article 22 Protection against arrest and
detention in certain cases
RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION (ARTICLE 23 TO 24)
Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human
beings and forced labour
Article 23(1): Traffic in human beings and begar
and other similar forms of forced labour are
prohibited and any contravention of this
provision shall be an offence punishable
in accordance with the law.
Article 23(2): Nothing in this article shall prevent
the State from imposing compulsory service
for public purposes, and in imposing such
service the State shall not make any
discrimination on grounds only of religion,
race, caste or class or any of them.
RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION (ARTICLE 23 TO 24)
• Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of
children in factories, etc.
• Article 24 says that “No child below the
age of fourteen years shall be employed
to work in any factory or mine or engaged
in any other hazardous employment.”
• This Article forbids the employment of
children below the age of 14 in any
hazardous industry or factories or mines,
without exception.
CHILD LABOUR AND INDIA
• In 2011 the national census of India
found the total no. of child
labourers, aged 5–14, to be at 10.1
million, out of the total of 259.64
million children in that age group.
The child labour problem is not
unique to India; worldwide, about
217 million children work, many
full-time.
• 2017 Child Labour (Prohibition
and Regulation) Amendment Rules
– broad framework against child
labour.
RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION (ARTICLE 25 TO 28)
• Article 25 (Freedom of conscience
and free profession, practice and
propagation of religion)
• Article 26 (Freedom to manage
religious affairs)
• Article 27 (Freedom as to payment
of taxes for promotion of any
particular religion)
• Article 28 (Freedom as to
attendance at religious instruction
or religious worship in certain
educational institutions)
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS (
ARTICLE 29 TO 30 )
• Article 29 – Protection of Interests of
Minorities
• Article 29(1): This provides all citizen
groups that reside in India having a distinct
culture, language and script, the right to
conserve their culture and language.
• Article 29(2): The State shall not deny
admission into educational institutes
maintained by it or those that receive aids
from it, to any person on the basis of race,
religion, caste, language, etc. This right is
given to individuals and not any
community.
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS (
ARTICLE 29 TO 30 )
• Article 30 – Right of Minorities to Establish
and Administer Educational Institutions
• This right is given to minorities to form and
govern their own educational institutions.
• Article 30(1): All religious and linguistic
minorities have the right to establish and
administer educational institutions of their
choice.
• Article 30(2): The State should not, when
granting aid to educational institutions,
discriminate against any educational
institution on the ground that it is under the
management of a minority, whether based on
religion or language.
RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL
REMEDIES ( ARTICLE 32 TO 35)
• It grants powers to the
Supreme Court. ... The
power to issue writs given to
the Supreme Court under
this Article is mandatory.
The power to issue writs
given to the High Courts
under this Article is
discretionary. It is in itself a
Fundamental Right under
the Constitution of india.
Types of Writs In Indian Constitution
Habeas Mandamus
Corpus
Certiorary
Prohibition Quo warranto
EXPANDING SCOPE OF RIGHT
• Apart from the Fundamental Rights,
our Constitution and law offers a
wider range of rights. This has
expanded the scope of rights. From
time to time, the courts gave
judgements to expand the scope of
rights. Certain rights like right to
freedom of press, right to
information,right to work,right to
health and right to education are
deprived from the Fundamental
Rights.
PITAMBAR DAS MAHESHWARI
•Z
PITAMBAR DAS MAHESHWARI
PGT HISTORY
JNV ARVALLI
