GPIO stands for General Purpose
Input/Output, which is a feature on
microcontrollers that allows for
communication with and control of
peripherals and components. GPIO pins can
be used for a variety of functions, including:
Digital inputs: Receiving signals from switches,
buttons, and other devices
Digital outputs: Controlling actuators, LED
states, and more
Analog signals: Amplifying audio, radio
communication, and sensor readings
Here are some key characteristics of GPIO:
Flexibility: GPIO pins can be used as either an
input or an output, or both. For example, if a
GPIO has eight pins, they can be configured as
four input and four output, or seven input and
one output, or any other combination.
Conversions: GPIO handles the conversion
between the digital values (0s and 1s) used by
programs and the signal levels (LOW and
HIGH voltage) used by external devices.
Software control: GPIOs are controllable by
software and have no predefined purpose.
Pin labels: GPIO pins are labeled with the pin's
number in the official documentation.