GERT8000-TW1

Rule Book

Preparation and movement of

trains

Issue 18 T
AF

Module TW1
R
D

September 2022
Comes into force 03 December 2022
Conventions used in the Rule Book

Example
A black line in the margin indicates a change to that rule when
published for the first time, and will then appear until the module is
reissued.
Green text in the margin indicates who is responsible for carrying
out the rule.
A white i in a blue box indicates that there is information provided at
the bottom of the page.
A rule printed inside a red box is considered to be critical and is
therefore emphasised in this way.

Published by:
T
AF
RSSB
The authoritative version of this document is available at [Link]

Contents approved by Traffic Operation and Management Standards Committee.

R

For information regarding the Rule Book, contact:

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[Link]

First issued June 2003

Issue 18, September 2022
Comes into force 03 December 2022

©Copyright 2022
Rail Safety and Standards Board Limited
You will need this module if you carry
out the duties of a:
• driver
• guard
• shunter
• signaller T
AF
• train preparer.
R
D

09/22 1
Contents

Section

1 Abnormal brake applications

2 Assisting failed locomotive-hauled trains in the rear

2.1 General
2.2 Failed air-braked train

3 Attending for and leaving duty

4 T
AF
Brake system requirements

4.1 Making sure brakes are working correctly

4.2 Carrying out a brake continuity test on locomotive-
hauled trains or HSTs
R

4.3 Carrying out a brake continuity test on multiple-unit

passenger trains
4.4 Coaching stock vehicles with isolated brakes
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4.5 Isolated vehicle brakes

4.6 Carrying out a running brake test

5 Broken rails, bridge strikes and track defects

5.1 Broken, distorted or damaged rails and broken

fishplates
5.2 Bridge strikes
5.3 Track defects

6 Classification of trains

2 09/22
Section

7 Dead locomotives

7.1 General
7.2 As a formation of light locomotives
7.3 In a passenger train (loaded or empty), postal or
parcels train
7.4 In a freight train

8
8.1
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Doors on passenger, postal and parcels trains

Door open or not completely closed

AF
8.2 Treating and reporting doors as defective
8.3 Passenger falling from the train during the journey

9
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Driver-guard communication

10
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Driver’s reminder appliance (DRA)

10.1 When entering or leaving the driving cab

10.2 When stopping at a station platform or at a signal at
danger
10.3 When stopping at a station platform where no signal is
provided

11 Driving-cab equipment

12 Examining the line

12.1 How to carry out an examination of the line

09/22 3
Contents

Section

12.2 If the headlight has failed

12.3 Being accompanied by a competent person

13 Exploding detonators

13.1 At a signal box or when a hand danger signal is shown

13.2 Other situations

14 Lights on trains

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14.1 Headlights and marker lights
AF
14.2 Tail lamps
14.3 Lights on shunting locomotives
14.4 Lights when making a wrong-direction movement

15
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Locomotive assisting in the rear of a train

15.1 Before the movement begins

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15.2 Assisting locomotive leaving the train

16 Locomotives at both ends of the train or in tandem

16.1 Trains with locomotives at both ends of the train

16.2 Trains hauled by locomotives in tandem
16.3 If a locomotive is not the leading one

17 Locking doors on passenger trains

18 Looking out along a train

4 09/22
Section

19 Passenger communication apparatus (PCA)

20 Permissive working

20.1 Definition
20.2 Authority for permissive working
20.3 Proceeding towards the rear of another train on
permissive-worked lines

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20.4 Following another train which is moving on a
permissive-worked line
AF
20.5 Setting-back movements where permissive working is
authorised
20.6 Emergency permissive working

21
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Personal equipment

22
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Poor visibility

23 Preparing a train

24 Proceeding after being stopped because of an

accident or other exceptional cause

25 Proceeding at caution

26 Propelling movements

26.1 Authority for propelling

09/22 5
Contents

Section

26.2 Controlling the movement

26.3 Before the movement starts
26.4 During the movement

27 Public address system

28 Rail adhesion

28.1 Levels of rail adhesion

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28.2 When to report rail adhesion levels
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28.3 Arranging a controlled test stop
28.4 Resuming normal working
28.5 Serious wheel slip

29
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Route and traction knowledge requirements

29.1 Driver’s responsibilities

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29.2 Guard’s responsibilities

30 Sidings and goods lines

31 Single line working

31.1 In the wrong direction

31.2 Single line working where more than one running line
is available

32 Single lines worked with a token, or with or without a

train staff

6 09/22
Section

32.1 Principle
32.2 Entering or fouling a single line worked with a token or
train staff
32.3 Handling the token or train staff
32.4 One-train working without a train staff

33 Snow conditions

34 Starting a train

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34.1 Starting a train from a siding, depot or yard
AF
34.2 Starting a train assisted in the rear

35 Stopping a train at a station where the train is booked

to stop
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36 Stopping or stabling a train

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36.1 Train shunted clear of the line or entering loop lines on

other than track circuit block (TCB) or ERTMS lines
36.2 Traction unit left unattended
36.3 Standing foul of any other line

37 Stopping short of, or overrunning a platform

37.1 If the train is stopped incorrectly at a station platform

37.2 Returning to the platform after an overrun

38 Train in distress

09/22 7
Contents

Section

39 Train radio equipment

39.1 Using the train radio safely

39.2 Communicating with the signaller
39.3 Signaller unable to contact the driver
39.4 Radio area boundaries
39.5 Making an emergency call
39.6 Railway emergency group call (REC)

40 T
Train requiring to stop in section
AF
40.1 General
40.2 Level crossings
40.3 Changing direction
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41 Train stopped out of course or unable to make

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normal progress
41.1 Driver's instructions
41.2 Signaller's instructions

42 Traincrew being relieved

43 Trains put in danger

43.1 When other trains are put in danger

43.2 When a following train is put in danger
43.3 When your train is put in danger
43.4 When trains will not be put in immediate danger

8 09/22
Section

44 Trespassers

44.1 Reporting trespassers

44.2 Instructions from the signaller
44.3 When the line is again clear

45 Vehicles labelled for repair or with a NOT TO BE

MOVED board attached

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45.1 Trains or vehicles with a NOT TO BE MOVED board
attached
AF
45.2 Vehicles labelled for repair

46 Warning horn
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46.1 General
46.2 Warning tones to use
46.3 Sounding the horn as a warning
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47 Working on the outside of a train

09/22 9
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

1 Abnormal brake applications

The person responsible: driver

driver If your train has been brought to a stand, or its speed reduced, by a
brake application which you did not make, you must immediately
check the in-cab equipment indications, such as automatic warning
system (AWS), ERTMS or train protection and warning system
(TPWS), to see if this has intervened.

If AWS, ERTMS or TPWS equipment has intervened, you must

T
immediately contact the signaller, unless TPWS caused the brake
application when the train was approaching buffer stops.
AF
If AWS, ERTMS or TPWS did not cause the brake application, you
must find out if the brake was applied by the guard or by the
passenger communication apparatus.

If none of these caused the brake application, you must check if the
train is complete.
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You must agree with the signaller what actions will be taken to find
out whether the train has become divided and whether any other line
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is affected.

You must assume that your train has become divided if:
• the tail lamp is missing
• the brake pipe is open at the rear.

10 09/22
 section
2 Assisting failed locomotive-hauled
trains in the rear
The person responsible: driver

2.1 General
If your train has failed, it may be assisted in the rear if you can apply driver failed
the automatic brake in an emergency. train

T
You must only allow the movement to proceed to the next place
where the train can be moved clear of the running line, or a
locomotive can be attached to the front.
AF
You must make sure that you can fully control the train throughout
the movement.

You must reach a clear understanding with the driver of the assisting
locomotive about how the movement is to be started, stopped and
R

controlled.

You can use GSM-R radio for this purpose at any time during the
D

movement.
Before the movement begins, you must temporarily isolate the driver
TPWS. assisting
train
Immediately after your train is detached from the failed train, you
must reinstate the TPWS.

If you are the driver of an assisting train on which ERTMS is in

operation, you must make sure that ERTMS is in the correct mode
both before the movement starts, and immediately after your train is
detached from the failed train.

You must not make any further movement without the signaller’s
authority.

09/22 11
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

2.2 Failed air-braked train

driver failed An air-braked train can only be assisted in the rear by:
train
• a light locomotive
• an air-braked train
• a vacuum-braked train hauled by a dual-braked locomotive.

You must not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h).

However, if the brake pipe is operative throughout the train, a light

locomotive may assist:
•
•
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a passenger train (loaded or empty)
a postal or parcels train
AF
• any other train running with passenger brake timings.

You must not exceed 40 mph (65 km/h).

A single-piped air-braked train can be assisted in the rear if the

failed locomotive is:
R

• capable of maintaining its own main reservoir pressure, or

• fitted with an assistance to failed train (AFT) cock.
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A two-pipe air-braked train can be assisted in the rear if the main

reservoir pipe is:
• coupled and operative throughout the failed train
• coupled to the assisting locomotive.

12 09/22
 section
3 Attending for and leaving duty
The people responsible: driver, guard

When attending for duty, you must read the notices that apply to driver,
you. guard

Before leaving duty, you must hand in a full written report of the
circumstances of any irregularity or exceptional incident.

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AF
R
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09/22 13
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

4 Brake system requirements

The people responsible: driver, guard, train preparer

4.1 Making sure brakes are working

correctly
driver, The automatic brake must normally be in use on every vehicle in a
guard, passenger, parcels or postal train. You must make sure that the
train brakes are working correctly before allowing a train to start a
preparer journey.

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4.2 Carrying out a brake continuity test on
AF
locomotive-hauled trains or HSTs
driver, You must carry out a brake continuity test:
guard,
• when a locomotive is coupled to the train
train
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preparer • after a brake defect has been repaired

• after a train has been left unattended and the traction unit shut
down (except where authorised in local instructions)
D

• when a vehicle is uncoupled from the train, unless it is uncoupled

from the extreme rear
• when a vehicle is coupled to the train
• when any jumper cables have been disconnected and then
re-connected during the journey.

You must carry out a brake continuity test only after all coupling,
including brake and electrical connections, has been completed.
driver If the train is assisted by a locomotive coupled in the rear, you must
ask the driver of the assisting locomotive to carry out the brake
continuity test. including brake and electrical connections,

14 09/22
 section
4.3 Carrying out a brake continuity test on
multiple-unit passenger trains
You must make sure a brake continuity test is carried out as shown driver,
in train operating company instructions. guard,
train
preparer
4.4 Coaching stock vehicles with isolated
brakes
You must carry out these instructions before a train formed of any driver,
guard,

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type of coaching stock vehicles, whether locomotive-hauled, or
multiple unit is allowed to: train
preparer
• start a journey from other than a maintenance depot
AF
• continue a journey after the brakes have been isolated during a
journey.

Some types of multiple-unit train have braking equipment which

provides the full brake power even though the brakes are isolated on
R

a vehicle. When this is the case, you do not have to reduce speed
as shown in this section. Your train operating company instructions
will show which classes of train this applies to.
D

09/22 15
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

driver, You can allow a train to start or continue a journey with the
guard, automatic brake isolated on one vehicle as long as the following
train conditions are met.
preparer • The train is formed of at least five coaching stock vehicles.
• If the brake has been isolated on the leading vehicle of a train,
the requirements in section 5.4 of module TW5 Preparation and
movement of trains: Defective or isolated vehicles and on-train
equipment are carried out.
• If the brake has been isolated on the last vehicle of a train, the
requirements in section 5.5 of module TW5 Preparation and
movement of trains: Defective or isolated vehicles and on-train

•
equipment are carried out.

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The speed of the train is restricted to 10 mph (15 km/h) below
AF
the permissible speed for that train over each portion of line
concerned. However, the speed need not be reduced below 35
mph (55 km/h).

You can allow more vehicles on which the automatic brake has been
isolated to be conveyed in the train as shown below, providing the
R

same conditions can be met.

driver If the brakes have been isolated on a greater number of vehicles,
you can only continue the journey, as long as you travel at a speed
D

which will allow you to keep full control of the train, as shown in
section 5.3 of module TW5 Preparation and movement of trains:
Defective or isolated vehicles and on-train equipment
Total number of coaching Number of vehicles with
stock vehicles in the train brakes isolated
10 to 14 2
15 to 19 3
20 to 24 4
25 or more 5

4.5 Isolated vehicle brakes

driver, You must treat a vehicle with two air-brake distributors, one of which
guard, is isolated, as having isolated brakes.
train
preparer

16 09/22
 section
If it is necessary to isolate the automatic brake on any vehicle, you driver,
must: guard,
• carry out any necessary instructions for the type of vehicles train
concerned preparer
• tell the driver
• make sure the train document is amended
• make sure the train meets the requirements of section 4.4.

4.6 Carrying out a running brake test

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You must test that the automatic brake is working properly by
carrying out a running brake test.
driver
AF
When you carry out a running brake test, you must do so from a
speed that is high enough for you to be sure that:
• the brake is operating effectively
• the speed of the train is being reduced.
R

Locomotive-hauled trains and HSTs

D

You must carry out the running brake test at the first opportunity
after beginning the journey.

You must, if possible, also carry out a running brake test in good
time before approaching:
• the first stopping place
• a crossing place on a single line
• a steep falling gradient
• a terminus or dead-end platform line.

Multiple-unit trains

When working multiple-unit trains you must carry out the running
brake test as shown in your train operating company instructions.

09/22 17
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

5 Broken rails, bridge strikes and

track defects
The people responsible: driver, signaller

5.1 Broken, distorted or damaged rails and

broken fishplates
driver If there is a broken or defective rail or broken fishplates on the line
on which your train is to travel, the signaller will tell you what is

T
happening and the location of the rail defect.

When you are told to proceed, you must do so at no more than the
AF
speed the signaller tells you.

5.2 Bridge strikes

driver If a bridge is reported as having been struck by a road vehicle on the
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line on which your train is to travel, the signaller will tell you what
has happened and the location of the bridge.
D

When you are told to proceed, you must do so at no greater speed

than the signaller tells you. You must not increase speed until the
whole of your train has passed beyond the bridge concerned.

If it is an overline bridge that has been struck, the signaller may ask
you to check the bridge before passing under it. In this case you
must:
• stop your train before passing under the bridge
• check for any obvious damage, including debris on the line
• tell the signaller whether the line appears to be safe for the
passage of trains.

If there is no obvious damage or debris, you may pass under the

bridge at a speed not exceeding 5 mph (10 km/h).

18 09/22
 section
5.3 Track defects
If you believe there is a track defect, you must tell the signaller, as driver
soon as possible:

• the location of the defect

• the type of defect, using terms in the table below
• whether there is a bridge or viaduct at or close to the location of
the defect
• as much information as you can about the defect.

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If a driver tells you about a possible track defect, you must: signaller
AF
• get the location of the defect from the driver
• get as much information as possible from the driver, using the
terms in the table below
• carry out the actions shown in the table below
• tell Operations Control.
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driver,
Type of Driver's report Signaller's actions signaller
defect
D

A track You can definitely see You must stop trains

defect that that there is: from passing over the
is seen • a broken rail affected line as shown in
module TS1 General
• a defective rail signalling regulations
• broken fishplates. regulation 17.1.1.

09/22 19
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

driver,
signaller Type of defect Driver's report Signaller's
actions
A track defect There is unusual movement You must arrange
that is felt of the train - either sideways for the line to be
or vertical - which may be examined, as
because of a track defect. shown in module
This may be: TS1 General
• a lurch or dip signalling
regulations
• shaking or vibrating
• pitch.

T regulations 20.1,
20.3 and 20.5.
AF
A track defect You hear an unusual noise You must arrange
that is heard that may be because of a for the line to be
track defect. This may be: examined, as
• a bang shown in module
TS1 General
• a rattle signalling
R

• grinding. regulations
regulations 20.1,
20.3 and 20.5.
D

Deterioration of You consider that the ride If a driver reports

ride quality quality has deteriorated from this type of defect,
that experienced previously you must tell
at a particular location. In Operations
this case. Control.
• You do not need to tell
the signaller about this.
• You must report this to
your Train Operator's
Control at the earliest
opportunity.

20 09/22
 section
6 Classification of trains
The people responsible: driver, train preparer

The following table shows the classification used to identify the

types of train.
You must tell the signaller if the classification of the train is different, driver,
or has been changed, from that published. train
preparer
Description Class
Express passenger train 1
Nominated postal or parcels train

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Breakdown or overhead line equipment train going to
AF
clear the line (1Z99)
Traction unit going to assist a failed train (1Z99)
Snow plough going to clear the line (1Z99)
Ordinary passenger train 2
Officers’ special train (2Z01)
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Freight train if specially authorised 3

A parcels train
Autumn-railhead treatment train
D

Empty coaching stock train if specially authorised

Freight train which can run up to 75 mph (120 km/h) 4
Empty coaching stock train 5
Freight train which can run up to 60 mph (95 km/h) 6
Freight train which can run up to 45 mph (70 km/h) 7
Freight train which can run up to 35 mph (55 km/h) 8
Class 373 train 9
Other passenger train if specially authorised
Light locomotive or locomotives 0

09/22 21
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

7 Dead locomotives
The people responsible: driver, train preparer

7.1 General
driver, You can allow dead locomotives to be worked as part of a formation
train of light locomotives, or conveyed in a train.
preparer
If a dead locomotive has an operational automatic brake, you must
make sure that it is used even when it is partially defective. This

T
means the number of brakes isolated reduces the brake force by no
more than 25%.
AF
You must make sure that the brake timings are compatible
throughout the train, including the locomotives.

7.2 As a formation of light locomotives

R

driver, Unless authorised otherwise, you must not allow more than a total of
train five hauling and dead locomotives to be worked as a formation of
preparer light locomotives.
D

You must not haul a locomotive on which the automatic brake is

totally inoperative.

If any locomotive has a partially defective automatic brake, you must

not allow the speed to exceed 50 mph (80 km/h).

7.3 In a passenger train (loaded or empty),

postal or parcels train
driver, Unless authorised otherwise, you can only convey one hauling and
train one dead locomotive, except that you can allow two dead class 20
preparer or class 73 locomotives to be formed at the rear of the train.

You can convey more locomotives when an electric locomotive in

service is being hauled over a non-electrified line, or an electrified
line on which the traction current has been isolated.

22 09/22
 section
When preparing the train, you must make sure that a dead driver,
locomotive is formed: train
preparer
• immediately behind the hauling locomotive, or
• immediately inside the powering locomotive on a push-pull train,
or
• at the rear of the train.

You must make sure that the automatic brake is fully operative on a
dead locomotive.

7.4 In a freight train

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Unless authorised otherwise, you must not convey more than a total driver,
AF
of five hauling and dead locomotives. train
preparer
If the dead locomotives have only a through pipe available, you must
make sure that:
• not more than three locomotives are hauled
R

• the locomotives are formed immediately behind the hauling

locomotive
• the automatic brake is operating on the three vehicles behind the
D

dead locomotives.

You can only allow one locomotive (or two class 20 or class 73
locomotives) to be formed at the rear of the train.

You must not convey a dead locomotive at the rear of a train, or

within the train, unless the automatic brake is operating fully.

You must only convey a dead locomotive formed anywhere in the

train except immediately behind the hauling locomotive or at the
extreme rear, as long as
• your train operating company instructions allow this
• you carry out any additional instructions in the train operating
company instructions.

09/22 23
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

driver, If a dead locomotive is formed anywhere in a single-piped air-braked

train train except immediately behind the hauling locomotive, you must
preparer make sure that it is fitted with an AFT cock or equivalent. If not fitted
with an AFT cock, a locomotive cannot be hauled dead, but can be
conveyed with the engine under power but not supplying traction
power.

T
AF
R
D

24 09/22
 section
8 Doors on passenger, postal and
parcels trains
The people responsible: driver, guard, signaller

8.1 Door open or not completely closed

If a door comes open or is not completely closed while the train is guard
moving, you must not try to close or secure the door, but
immediately stop the train before doing so.

8.2 Treating and reporting doors as

T
AF
defective
You must treat a door as defective and carry out the instructions in driver of a
module TW5 Preparation and movement of trains: Defective or DO train,
isolated vehicles and on-train equipment if any of the following guard
R

applies.
• A power-operated door closes other than through normal
operation.
D

• The train starts with someone or something trapped in a door.

• A power-operated door remains open when it should be shut.
• A door comes open during the journey.
• Someone is injured when opening or closing the door and it is
possible that the condition of the door may have contributed to
the accident.
• Someone falls from the door during the journey.
• The power-operated door controls become inoperative.
• The central door locking becomes defective.
• The internal passenger ‘door open’ buttons become lit when the
train is moving.

09/22 25
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

driver of a You must also treat a door as defective and carry out the
DO train, instructions in module TW5 Preparation and movement of trains:
guard Defective or isolated vehicles and on-train equipment if any of the
following applies.
• A slam door is found on the safety catch, unless it is known that
the door was not properly closed before the train started.
• A door handle does not return to the horizontal position when
closed.
• A door is stiff in its frame.
guard You must tell the driver what has happened.
driver

T
If it is necessary to stop the train, you must do so immediately.

You must tell the signaller what has happened and give details of:
AF
• the vehicle number
• the location of the door
• the position of all door controls
• the position of the traction interlock switch at the time of the
R

incident.

You must not move your train until instructed to do so by the

D

signaller.
signaller You must instruct the driver not to make any further movement until
you have been given specific instructions from Operations Control.

26 09/22
 section
8.3 Passenger falling from the train during
the journey
If you know or suspect that someone has fallen from the train, you guard
must tell the driver.
You must tell the signaller if: driver
• someone has fallen from the train
• you cannot be certain whether anyone has fallen from the train.

You must also tell the signaller if it is known or suspected that

T
someone has fallen from the train, but it is not known which door
was involved.
You must, if possible, transfer passengers to another vehicle and driver of a
AF
place the vehicle out of use. DO train,
guard

You must not move your train until instructed to do so by the driver
signaller.
R

You must instruct the driver not to make any further movement until signaller
you have been given specific instructions from Operations Control.
D

09/22 27
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Preparation and movement of trains

9 Driver-guard communication
The people responsible: driver, guard

driver, When using the bell or buzzer to communicate, you must use the
guard following codes.
Code Meaning
1 Stop
1-2 Close power-operated doors
2 Ready to start
2-2

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Do not open doors (driver and guard to speak to one
another)
AF
3 Set back
3-1 Lock central door locking
3-2-1 Testing doors
3-3 Guard required by driver, or guard or driver to speak on
the telephone
R

3-3-1 Release central door locking

4 Slow down
6 Draw forward
D

9 Police assistance required

You must make sure that all codes are made carefully, clearly and
distinctly, with pauses clearly marked and acknowledged by
repetition (except for code ‘3-2-1’).

If you receive a code ‘9’, you must get police assistance at the next
suitable stopping point. You must arrange this by telling the signaller
in the quickest way possible.

You must use the cab-to-cab telephone only for essential

conversations about the working of the train.

You must not use the cab-to-cab telephone instead of the bell or
buzzer codes to control movements of trains, unless your train
operating company instructions allow you to do so when the bell or
buzzer is defective.

28 09/22
 section
10 Driver’s reminder appliance (DRA)
The person responsible: driver

Note: On a train on which ERTMS is in operation, the use of the

DRA will only be necessary if a DRA is provided.

10.1 When entering or leaving the driving

cab

T
When you enter a driving cab before starting a journey, or when
taking over the train from another driver, you must make sure that
the DRA is set.
driver
AF
If there is a platform starting signal, you must reset the DRA only
when one of the following applies.

• The platform starting signal has been cleared.

R

• You have been given authority to pass the signal at danger, or

pass an end of authority (EoA) without a movement authority
(MA).
D

• You are allowed to pass the signal at danger on your own

authority.

You must set the DRA when you leave the driving cab at the end of
a journey or when another driver is to take over the train.

10.2 When stopping at a station platform or

at a signal at danger
You must set the DRA when your train: driver
• stops at a station platform where the starting signal is at danger,
or you do not have an MA beyond the station
• is stopped at any signal at danger, or at a block marker when
you do not have an MA beyond it.

09/22 29
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

driver You must only reset the DRA when:

• the signal has cleared, or an MA has been received
• you have been given authority to pass the signal at danger, or an
EoA without an MA
• you are allowed to pass the signal at danger on your own
authority.

You may set the DRA before your train stops at the platform.

10.3 When stopping at a station platform

driver
T
where no signal is provided
You must set the DRA when your train stops at a station platform
AF
after having:
• passed a signal displaying a single yellow aspect or a
semaphore distant signal at caution
• been authorised to pass at danger the signal, or an EoA without
an MA, on the approach to the platform
R

• entered the platform under the authority of a position-light signal

or subsidiary signal.
D

You may set the DRA before your train stops at the platform.

You must only reset the DRA when you receive the ‘ready-to-start’
signal.
driver of a If you are at an unstaffed platform, you must only reset the DRA
DO train when you have made sure it is safe to start the train.

30 09/22
 section
11 Driving-cab equipment
The people responsible: driver, train preparer

When preparing a train for service, you must check that the following driver,
equipment is available in any cab that the train will be driven from, or train
in another location on the train as shown in your train operating preparer
company instructions for the type of rolling stock concerned.
• At least 10 detonators.
• Two track-circuit operating clips.
•
•
Two red flags.

T
A spare tail lamp or hand lamp when working locomotive-hauled
AF
DO trains.
• Any other equipment shown in the instructions for the type of
train concerned.

On a multiple-unit train, one red flag must be available in each cab.

R

If any of the equipment shown above is not available in any cab that
the train will be driven from, or in another location as shown in your
train operating company instructions, you must not allow the train to
D

start a journey.

09/22 31
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

12 Examining the line

The person responsible: driver

12.1 How to carry out an examination of

the line
driver If instructed by the signaller to examine the line, you must:
• reach a clear understanding with the signaller as to which portion
of line is to be examined
•
•
T
proceed over the affected portion of the line at caution
carry out any other instructions.
AF
If the affected portion of line is within a tunnel, you must not exceed
10 mph (15 km/h) through the tunnel.

If the signaller has told you that the examination of the line is
because of a suspected track defect, you must not exceed 20 mph
R

(30 km/h) over the affected portion of line.

You must report the state of the affected line from an agreed
D

location beyond the affected portion of line.

12.2 If the headlight has failed

driver During darkness, poor visibility, or if there is a tunnel in the section,
you must not use a train to examine the line if the headlight has
failed completely, unless a portable headlight is fitted.

12.3 Being accompanied by a competent

person
driver During darkness, poor visibility, or if the affected portion of line is
within a tunnel, while examining the line, you must be accompanied
by the guard or other competent person (if one is immediately
available).

32 09/22
 section
13 Exploding detonators
The person responsible: driver

13.1 At a signal box or when a hand danger

signal is shown
If your train explodes one or more detonators at a signal box or driver
when a hand danger signal is being shown, you must:
• stop your train immediately
•

T
not proceed until given permission to do so.
AF
13.2 Other situations
If your train explodes one or more detonators in any other situation, driver
you must:
• stop your train immediately
R

• proceed at caution towards the obstruction, or any signal, end of

authority (EoA) or handsignal.
D

09/22 33
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

14 Lights on trains
The people responsible: driver, guard, train preparer

14.1 Headlights and marker lights

driver You must make sure that any marker lights at the front of your train
are switched on when the train is:
• on a running line
• moving on any line or in a depot, yard or siding
•

T
being propelled in the right direction.
AF
You must make sure that the headlight (fixed or portable) at the front
of your train is:
• switched on when the train is moving on a running line
• displaying the correct day or night beam.

You must make sure that the headlight (fixed or portable) is

R

switched off:
• in a depot, yard or siding
D

• when stabled on a running line.

14.2 Tail lamps

driver, You must make sure there is a tail lamp that is lit at the rear of the
guard, train when it is:
train
preparer • on a running line
• on a through or reception siding
• being propelled in the right direction.

When two built-in electric tail lights are provided, you must make
sure both are lit, where possible.

You must make sure that no other tail lamp is displayed at any other
position.

34 09/22
 section
14.3 Lights on shunting locomotives
You must make sure there is at least one red and one white light driver
displayed at each end of a shunting locomotive (where these are
fitted) when it is being used for shunting purposes.

14.4 Lights when making a wrong-direction

movement
When making a wrong-direction movement of less than 400 metres driver
(440 yards), you need not change the normal head or marker lights
or the tail lamp.

T
When making a wrong-direction movement of more than 400 metres
AF
(440 yards), you must make sure that the headlights and marker
lights are lit on the leading end of the movement and a tail lamp is lit
at the rear end of the movement.

When making a wrong-direction movement as an assisting train

R

towards a failed train, you must make sure you display normal
headlights at both ends of your train and have switched off the tail
lamp.
D

You can use a portable headlight or a handlamp if the above lights

or lamps are not available.

09/22 35
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

15 Locomotive assisting in the rear of

a train
The person responsible: driver

15.1 Before the movement begins

driver You must reach a clear understanding with the driver of the assisting
locomotive about how the movement is to be started, stopped and
controlled.

T
You can use GSM-R radio for this purpose at any time during the
movement.
AF
driver You must only assist a train in the rear where authorised in the
assisting Sectional Appendix.
locomotive.
You must make sure that the assisting locomotive is always coupled
to the train except where authorised in the Sectional Appendix.
R

Whenever an assisting locomotive is attached to the rear of the

train, you must tell the signaller.
D

Before the movement begins, you must temporarily isolate the

TPWS or make sure that ERTMS is in the correct mode.

15.2 Assisting locomotive leaving the train

driver Immediately after the locomotive is detached from the train, you
assisting must reinstate the TPWS, or make sure that ERTMS is in the correct
locomotive mode.

You must only detach the assisting locomotive at a location

authorised in the Sectional Appendix.

You must not pass a signal which has been cleared for the train that
was assisted, until the signal has been returned to danger and then
cleared again.

36 09/22
 section
If ERTMS is operative on the assisting locomotive, you must not driver
make any further movement without the signaller’s authority. assisting
locomotive

T
AF
R
D

09/22 37
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

16 Locomotives at both ends of the

train or in tandem
The person responsible: driver

16.1 Trains with locomotives at both ends

of the train
driver You can operate a train with powered locomotives at both ends of
the train in the following circumstances.
•
•
T
When the rear locomotives are providing traction power.
When the rear locomotives are providing an electrical train
AF
supply only.

You must make sure that the automatic brake is connected and
operative throughout the train.
driver You must reach a clear understanding with the driver of the leading
R

locomotive locomotive as to what is required before the journey or movement

on rear begins.

You can use GSM-R radio to speak to the other driver at any time
D

during the journey about how the movement is to be started,

stopped and controlled.

During the journey, you may disregard any signal which reverts to
danger or caution before your locomotive passes it.

38 09/22
 section
16.2 Trains hauled by locomotives in
tandem
If ERTMS is in operation on the leading locomotive, you must make driver
sure that suitable communication is available between each of the
drivers.

If you are the driver of the leading locomotive, you are responsible
for observing signals or in-cab indications and operating the brake.

If you are the driver of the second locomotive, you must:

•

•
possible

T
observe all signals affecting the working of the train, where

observe any signals or follow other communication given by the

AF
driver of the leading locomotive
• apply the brake if it becomes necessary.

You can use GSM-R radio to speak to the other driver at any time
during the journey about how the movement is to be started,
R

stopped and controlled.

16.3 If a locomotive is not the leading one

D

If you are the driver of any locomotive that is not the leading one, driver
you must:
• temporarily isolate TPWS before the movement starts, if it is
required to be in operation during any part of the journey
• reinstate the TPWS after the movement has been completed, or
before the train reverses, if it will then be required to be in
operation
• make sure that ERTMS is in the correct mode throughout any
part of the journey when it is required to be in operation.

09/22 39
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Preparation and movement of trains

17 Locking doors on passenger trains

The people responsible: guard, train preparer

guard, You must carry out these instructions:

train
• before a train starts its first journey of the day
preparer
• after any vehicle has been attached or detached from a train
• when a door is locked out of use for any operational reason.

You must make sure that the following doors are locked.
•
•
T
Gangway doors at each end of the train.
Gangway doors at each side of any gangway connection which
AF
cannot be made.
• A door leading to any accommodation or vehicle which is not for
public use, unless your train operating company instructions
allow another means of preventing public access.

You must make sure that all other doors (internal and external) are
R

kept unlocked at all times.

D

40 09/22
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18 Looking out along a train
The people responsible: driver, guard

When starting away, if it is safe and possible to do so, you must look driver,
out to make sure everything is in order. guard

When working a freight train, if it is safe and possible to do so, you

must look out from time to time to make sure the train is following in
a safe and correct way.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 41
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Preparation and movement of trains

19 Passenger communication
apparatus (PCA)
The people responsible: driver, guard

driver If the PCA is operated, you must, if possible, avoid stopping the
train:
• in a tunnel
• on a viaduct
•

T
in any other unsuitable location.

If an emergency brake application is not automatically made when

AF
the warning alarm sounds on a train fitted with a PCA, you must:
• if possible, contact the person who has operated the apparatus
• ask the person why the PCA has been used
• take the necessary action
• if necessary, bring the train to a stand as soon as possible at a
R

suitable location.

However, you must stop the train immediately if:

D

• you have reason to believe that the train may be in danger, or

• the apparatus is operated as the train is leaving a station.
driver of a You must reset the PCA before the train restarts.
DO train,
guard

42 09/22
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20 Permissive working
The person responsible: driver

20.1 Definition
Permissive working allows a second train to be signalled onto a
running line that is already occupied so that more than one train at a
time can be on the same line in a:
• block section
•
•
signal section
dead-end platform line.
T
AF
20.2 Authority for permissive working
You must only make a permissive movement where authorised in driver
the Sectional Appendix.
R

However, you can make a shunting movement to a portion of line

that is already occupied, even though permissive working is not
authorised, as long as this is for the purpose of attaching, detaching
D

or removing vehicles.

20.3 Proceeding towards the rear of

another train on permissive-worked
lines
When proceeding towards another train which is at a stand, you driver
must:
• approach at caution
• stop your train at least 2 metres (6 feet 6 inches) short of the
train in front.

09/22 43
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Preparation and movement of trains

20.4 Following another train which is

moving on a permissive-worked line
driver When it is permitted to drive a train towards the rear of another train
which is moving forward, you must:
• proceed at caution
• keep sufficient distance from the train in front to prevent your
train colliding with that train in case it stops
• not pass a signal which has been cleared for the train in front
until the signal has been returned to danger and then cleared
again.

T
20.5 Setting-back movements where
AF
permissive working is authorised
driver You must not make any movement, other than for coupling or
uncoupling, once the train has come to a stand unless one of the
following applies.
R

• A signal is cleared for the movement.

• The movement is authorised by the signalling system.
D

• The movement is authorised by the signaller.

If the movement was made on the authority of the signaller, you

must tell the signaller when the movement has been completed.

If making a setting-back movement when coupling or uncoupling,

you must make sure that the movement is not greater than a
distance of 600 mm (2 feet).

If it is necessary for the movement to be greater than this distance,

you must get the authority of the signaller.

44 09/22
 section
20.6 Emergency permissive working
You can also make a permissive movement when the signaller tells driver
you that in an emergency situation on a TCB or ERTMS line your
train is authorised to enter an occupied section to use a station
platform.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 45
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Preparation and movement of trains

21 Personal equipment
The people responsible: driver, guard

driver, When on duty, you must have with you:

guard
• a handlamp
• high-visibility clothing
• a means of telling the accurate time
• up-to-date notices for all lines over which you are required to
work
•

T
any other equipment as shown in your train operating company
instructions.
AF
driver You must also have with you a supply of Form RT3185 Reporting a
Signal/AWS/TPWS/ERTMS/ATP/TVM failure or irregularity.

You must also have a supply of form NR3190 Emergency Special

Working Tickets.
R

guard You must also have a green flag with you.

When you are working a locomotive-hauled passenger train that is

D

not a push-pull train, you must also have:

• a red flag
• 10 detonators.

46 09/22
 section
22 Poor visibility
The person responsible: driver

If you cannot see signals, block markers or lineside indicators soon driver
enough to react to them during poor visibility, you must reduce the
speed of your train as you consider necessary.

You must not exceed 40 mph (65 km/h) during poor visibility on a
line where AWS is not provided as shown in Table A of the Sectional
Appendix.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 47
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

23 Preparing a train
The people responsible: driver, guard, train preparer

guard, Before a train starts a journey, you must check all of the following.
train
• All vehicles are properly coupled, including the brake-pipe and
preparer
electrical connections.
• The necessary lamps are provided on the trains.
• The load and formation of the train meet the relevant rules and
instructions.
•

T
Before moving any locomotive or vehicle in the train that is not
registered with Network Rail, that special authorisation has been
AF
received from Network Rail.
• All vehicles appear safe to travel.
• All handbrakes are released (unless it is the driver’s
responsibility on multiple units).
• All the doors are properly closed on a passenger or empty
R

coaching stock train.

• Two track-circuit operating clips are available for use in or next to
each brake compartment on a train of coaching stock.
D

You must make sure the driver is aware of any items of defective or
isolated on-train equipment.

You must give the driver any necessary instructions to do with the
safe working of the train.

You must test power-operated doors as shown in your train

operating company instructions. You must carry out this test before
a train starts a journey, unless your train operating company
instructions allow the test to be carried out before starting a journey
that passengers will be carried on.

48 09/22
 section
If you are working a train on which ERTMS is in operation, you must: driver
• make sure you enter the correct data and validate it (where
necessary) or check the data already entered by the previous
driver
• not enter data into the DMI when a train or vehicle is standing
between your train and the signal or block marker at the EoA
ahead.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 49
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Preparation and movement of trains

24 Proceeding after being stopped

because of an accident or other
exceptional cause
The people responsible: driver, guard

driver When your train has been stopped because of an accident or other
exceptional cause, you must not restart until:
• you have received a ‘ready-to-start’ signal from the guard, if the

T
train is worked by a guard
• you have made sure it is safe to do so, if you are working a
driver only (DO) train.
AF
guard You must only give a ‘ready-to-start’ signal to the driver after you
have made sure it is safe to do so when the train has been stopped
by an accident or other exceptional cause.
driver If your train has stopped over unworked points, you must:
R

• only restart when it is safe to do so

• if necessary, arrange for the points to be secured before
restarting.
D

50 09/22
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25 Proceeding at caution
The person responsible: driver

If instructed to proceed at caution, you must, as well as not driver

exceeding any specified speed, proceed at a speed which takes
account of conditions (such as the distance you can see to be clear),
that will allow you to stop the train short of any train, vehicle or other
obstruction, or the end of your movement authority.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 51
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

26 Propelling movements
The people responsible: driver, shunter, signaller,

26.1 Authority for propelling

driver, You may allow a propelling movement to take place as follows.
shunter,
• At locations shown in the Sectional Appendix.
signaller
• Within the station limits of the same signal box.
• A shunting movement on a track circuit block line that is not

•
T
required to proceed beyond more than one main aspect signal.
A shunting movement on an ERTMS line that is not required to
AF
proceed beyond more than one main aspect signal or block
marker.
• Through points worked from a ground frame.
• An officers’ special train in the right direction.
• A wrong-direction movement that has been authorised after
R

taking a wrong route at a junction.

• When a wrong-direction movement has been authorised after
D

overrunning a station.
• A movement that is in connection with single line working.
• A movement that is in connection with working to or from the
point of obstruction.
• A movement of a breakdown train.
• A movement in connection with clearing a disabled train or
portion of it from the section.
• A wrong-direction movement with the front portion of a divided
train to the rear portion.

52 09/22
 section
26.2 Controlling the movement
You must not make a propelling movement unless it is controlled by driver
a person acting as a shunter as shown in Rule Book module SS2
Shunting.

26.3 Before the movement starts

Before the movement starts, you must both reach a clear driver,
understanding about: shunter
• the movement
•
•
the limits of the movement
how it will be controlled.
T
AF
You can use GSM-R radio to speak at any time during the journey
about how the movement is to be started, stopped and controlled.
If the movement is to be made along a running line, you must: shunter
• make sure the automatic brake is in use
R

• tell the signaller that the movement will be propelled, except

when the movement is being made through points worked by a
ground frame.
D

You must: driver

• temporarily isolate the TPWS before the propelling movement
starts
• reinstate the TPWS when the movement has been completed
• make sure that ERTMS is in the correct mode before the
propelling movement starts.

09/22 53
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Preparation and movement of trains

26.4 During the movement

driver If you are making a propelling movement, you must drive from the
leading cab unless either of the following applies.
• You have to look out for signals or handsignals and you will have
a better view from another cab.
• A shunter is controlling the movement by radio and you do not
have to look out for signals or handsignals during the movement.

Throughout the movement you must:

• observe all signals
•
•
T
not pass any block marker, signal or stop board without authority
not exceed 20 mph (30 km/h), except for an officers’ special train
AF
• sound the warning horn when approaching a level crossing.
R
D

54 09/22
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27 Public address system
The person responsible: driver

If your train operating company’s instructions tell you to make driver

announcements using the public address system, you must not do
so when the train is moving if you may become distracted and put
the safe operation of the train in danger.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 55
 section
Preparation and movement of trains

28 Rail adhesion
The people responsible: driver, signaller

28.1 Levels of rail adhesion

There are three levels of rail adhesion conditions:
Level Definition
Good Rail adhesion conditions are good.
Expected Rail adhesion is no worse than would be

T
expected for the location and
environmental conditions.
AF
Reportable Rail adhesion is worse than would be
expected for the location and
environmental conditions.

28.2 When to report rail adhesion levels

R

driver You must follow your train operator's driving policy for low rail
adhesion at locations where you expect to experience 'expected'
D

adhesion levels. You do not need to report 'expected' adhesion

levels to the signaller.

You must tell the signaller immediately if you experience 'reportable'

rail adhesion levels.

56 09/22
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If you are told about 'reportable' rail adhesion levels, you must tell signaller
Operations Control and take the following action.
Location where Action to be taken
conditions apply
Approach to a stop Arrange for the driver of each train to be
signal or an End of told about the circumstances unless the
Authority (EoA) signal is showing a proceed aspect or an
MA has been issued beyond the EoA
Controlled level Close the crossing to road traffic before
crossing within the each train approaches
overlap of a signal or
EoA
AHBC level crossing

T
Select the non-stopping mode (where
provided)
AF
Approach to a platform Arrange for the driver of each train
booked to call to be told about the
circumstances
Dead-end platform Arrange, if possible, for the platform to be
taken out of use
R

When it is necessary for you to tell a driver about 'reportable' rail signaller
adhesion levels, you can do this by using the 'Acknowledged
(safety) broadcast calls' arrangement.
D

If you have been told about 'reportable' rail adhesion levels, you driver
must approach the location using the method shown in your train
operator's driving policy.

28.3 Arranging a controlled test stop

You must arrange for a train to make a controlled test stop at the signaller
location concerned, if one of the following applies.
• Operations Control tell you that the rail head has been inspected
and nothing unusual has been found.
• Operations Control tell you that the rail head has been inspected,
and improvement treatment carried out.
• At least 30 minutes have passed since you were told about the
'reportable' rail adhesion level.

09/22 57
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Preparation and movement of trains

signaller In the case of a dead-end platform, you must not arrange for a test
stop to be made unless you have been told that the rail head has
been treated.

If possible, you must arrange for the test stop to be performed by a

similar type of train to that which reported the conditions.

Before a controlled test stop is made, you must:

• arrange for the signal, where provided, to be cleared
• arrange for an MA to be issued beyond the EoA, if there is one
• where permissive working is authorised, make sure the platform

driver
line is clear.

T
When the signaller tells you to make a controlled test stop, you must
AF
brake the train in the way that you would normally use for the
environmental and rail adhesion conditions at the location, rather
than the way that you would for 'reportable' rail adhesion levels.

Immediately after the controlled test stop, you must tell the signaller:
• the results of the test
R

• whether the rail adhesion level should still be considered as

'reportable'.
D

signaller If the driver who made the controlled test stop reports that the rail
adhesion level is still 'reportable', you must tell Operations Control,
who will tell you when to arrange a further controlled test stop.

28.4 Resuming normal working

signaller Until you are told that drivers are being notified by other means, you
must continue to advise drivers.

You must continue to take any other action shown in section 28.2.

You must not resume normal working until a controlled test stop has
been carried out and the rail adhesion level is no longer considered
as 'reportable'.

58 09/22
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28.5 Serious wheel slip
You must tell the signaller the location where serious or prolonged driver
wheel slip is experienced. However, if you suspect the rail to be
damaged, you must stop the train specially and tell the signaller
immediately.
You must arrange for the affected portion of line to be inspected. signaller

T
AF
R
D

09/22 59
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Preparation and movement of trains

29 Route and traction knowledge

requirements
The people responsible: driver, guard

29.1 Driver’s responsibilities

driver When working a train, you must have the necessary knowledge for
the entire route over which you are to work, or be accompanied by a
competent conductor driver.

T
If the conductor driver is not familiar with the type of traction
concerned, you must explain before starting the journey:
AF
• how to stop the train in an emergency
• where the emergency equipment is kept
• how to shut down the traction unit in an emergency.

If you are being conducted over a portion of line you are not familiar
R

with, you must take note of signals, speed restrictions and other
features about the line.
conductor If you are the conductor driver, you must:
D

driver
• take responsibility for the safe working of the train
• observe all signals and speed restrictions
• drive the train if authorised and competent to do so.

If you are not driving the train, you must give the driver the
necessary instructions concerning:
• signals
• speed restrictions
• gradients
• curves
• other features of the line the driver needs to know.

60 09/22
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29.2 Guard’s responsibilities
When working a train, you must have the necessary knowledge for guard
the entire route over which you are to work, or be accompanied by a
person who has.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 61
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Preparation and movement of trains

30 Sidings and goods lines

The person responsible: driver

driver You must not allow a passenger train to enter a siding, a goods line
or a goods loop unless:
• the arrangements have been published, or
• in an emergency, when authorised by the signaller.

T
AF
R
D

62 09/22
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31 Single line working
The people responsible: driver, guard

31.1 In the wrong direction

If your train is to travel over the single line in the wrong direction, driver
you must tell the guard.
You must consider the effect on: driver,
guard
• station working, releasing doors and passenger safety
•

T
protection arrangements if you have to carry out the
requirements of Rule Book module M1 Dealing with a train
AF
accident or train evacuation.

31.2 Single line working where more than

one running line is available
R

If your train is to travel over the single line in the wrong direction and driver
the single line working arrangements have not been published in the
Weekly Operating Notice, you must tell the guard.
D

If protection needs to be carried out as shown in Rule Book module driver,

M1 Dealing with a train accident or train evacuation, you must take guard
into account the altered direction of train working under single line
working arrangements.

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Preparation and movement of trains

32 Single lines worked with a token,

or with or without a train staff
The person responsible: driver

32.1 Principle
Only one train at a time is allowed in a single-line section.

32.2 Entering or fouling a single line

T
worked with a token or train staff
AF
driver You must always stop your train when you need to get, deliver or
exchange a token or train staff.

Before you take a train onto the single line, you must make sure you
get the correct token or train staff for the section you are about to
enter from the signaller or person authorised in the Sectional
R

Appendix.

Where a no-signaller token instrument is provided, you must ask the

D

signaller or authorised person to release the token.

If you are the driver at the leading end of the train, you must show
the token or train staff to the driver of any other locomotive at the
leading end of the train before you enter the single line section.

You do not need to have the token or train staff, if any of the
following apply.
• The line is under possession.
• Working by pilot is in operation.
• Modified working arrangements are in operation.
• You are authorised to pass the section signal on an electric
token line at danger for shunting purposes.
• Your train is to enter the single-line section as an assisting train.

64 09/22
 section
32.3 Handling the token or train staff
You must keep the token or train staff with you in the cab from which driver
the train is being driven until it is needed by a shunter.

If the token or train staff has been given to the shunter for shunting
purposes, you must not continue with the journey until:
• shunting is completed
• the points have been locked in the correct position for trains to
pass on the single line
• the shunter has returned the token or train staff to you.

T
When the train has reached the end of the section, you must:
AF
• give the token or train staff to the signaller or the person
authorised in the Sectional Appendix, or
• where a no-signaller token instrument is provided, place the
token in the instrument or give the token to the authorised
person to do this.
R

If your train has failed and an assisting train is to enter the section
from a ground frame which is released by the token, the signaller will
instruct you to take the token to the ground frame.
D

When you arrive at the ground frame, you must:

• contact the signaller
• not place the token in the instrument
• come to a clear understanding with the signaller about what is to
be done
• hand the token to the driver of the assisting train.

If any portion of the train is left in the single-line section, you must
tell the signaller before you leave the single-line section. You must
keep the token or train staff until the whole train is clear of the
single-line section.

If the signaller tells you that the front portion of the train is to
continue on its journey, leaving the rear portion in the single-line
section, you must then give up the token or train staff.

09/22 65
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Preparation and movement of trains

driver If the signaller has told you that, because of a failure of token
instruments, trains will be run as if on a one-train working line where
a train staff is provided, you must:
• handle the token as if it is a train staff
• not place the token in any instrument.

On a no-signaller token line, you must not transfer the token from
one train to another unless it has been passed through a token
instrument, except when:
• a train is to enter the section to assist, from the front, a portion of
a train which has been left in the section
•

T
you are told that due to a failure of token instruments, the
single-line section will be worked as a one-train working line with
AF
train staff.

32.4 One-train working without a train staff

driver You must not enter or foul the single-line section until the controlling
R

signal is cleared unless one of the following applies.

• The line is under possession.
• Working by pilot is in operation.
D

• Modified working arrangements are in operation.

• Your train is to enter the single-line section as an assisting train.

If any portion of the train is left in the single-line section, you must
tell the signaller. You must not leave the single-line section until you
have told the signaller.

66 09/22
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33 Snow conditions
The person responsible: driver

When snow is falling, or fallen snow is being disturbed by the driver

passage of trains, you must carry out running brake tests as
frequently as necessary to make sure that the automatic brake is
operating effectively.

You must also carry out any other train operating company
instructions.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 67
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Preparation and movement of trains

34 Starting a train
The people responsible: driver, person in charge

34.1 Starting a train from a siding, depot or

yard
person in Before you give permission to the driver of a train leaving a siding,
charge depot or yard to start the train, you must make sure it is safe to do
so.
driver

T
Before you start a train from a siding, depot or yard, you must make
sure it is safe to do so, and get permission from the person in
charge, if there is one.
AF
34.2 Starting a train assisted in the rear
person in If a train is assisted in the rear, you must also give permission to the
charge driver of the assisting locomotive for the train to start.
R
D

Person in charge in this section means the person in charge of

movements at the location concerned.

68 09/22
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35 Stopping a train at a station where
the train is booked to stop
The people responsible: driver, guard

You must stop your train at the platform as indicated by the car stop driver
markers, where provided.

Unless you are authorised to do otherwise, you must stop your train
so that all doors used by passengers are at the platform.

T
If your train is to stop at a station where it is longer than the platform,
you must, if possible, tell passengers leaving the train at that station
to move along the train before reaching the station, or wait for the
driver of a
DO train,
guard
AF
train to be drawn forward.
You must make sure you do not release the doors until the train has driver,
stopped and is at the correct position at the platform. guard

You must make sure that you release the doors at the correct side of
R

the train.

If the whole of the train will not be at a platform, you must make sure
that you only release those doors that will be alongside the platform.
D

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Preparation and movement of trains

36 Stopping or stabling a train

The person responsible: driver

36.1 Train shunted clear of the line or

entering loop lines on other than track
circuit block (TCB) or ERTMS lines
driver If your train has not already passed the controlling signal box, you
must tell the signaller immediately that your train has arrived

T
complete with tail lamp and is clear of the running line when your
train has:
AF
• entered a loop or siding, or
• been shunted clear of the line on which it arrived.

36.2 Traction unit left unattended

R

driver You must only leave your traction unit unattended when you are:
• handing it over to another competent person who is to take
charge of it
D

• stabling the traction unit in either a depot, siding or other

authorised place
• required to leave your traction unit unattended as instructed in
the rules.

Each time you leave your traction unit unattended, you must make
sure it is properly secured.

36.3 Standing foul of any other line

driver When stopping your train on a reception line or siding, you must
make sure that the train does not stand foul of any other line.

70 09/22
 section
37 Stopping short of, or overrunning a
platform
The people responsible: driver, guard

37.1 If the train is stopped incorrectly at a

station platform
When the guard is responsible for releasing the doors and you have driver
stopped your train incorrectly at a station so that the whole of the

T
train is not at the platform, you must tell the guard immediately using
the bell or buzzer communication.
AF
You must immediately tell passengers not to get out of the train until driver of a
it has been moved to the correct stopping position. DO train,
guard
If the doors have been released by mistake, you must check that no
one has fallen from the train before moving the train.
If someone has fallen from the train or you are not sure whether guard
R

someone has fallen from the train, you must tell the driver.
You must tell the signaller if someone has fallen from the train, or driver
D

you cannot be certain whether anyone has fallen from the train.
You must make arrangements, including where necessary with the driver,
person in charge of the platform, for the train to be moved so that guard
those passengers who want to get off can do so safely.
If the train is to draw forward or return in the wrong direction, you driver
must only do this when all doors are closed and are no longer
released.

You must get the signaller’s permission before you make any of the
following:

• a wrong-direction movement
• a movement towards a signal at danger
• any movement on a permissive platform line.

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Preparation and movement of trains

driver Before you make the movement, you must make sure you can do
this without endangering anyone who has got off the train.

37.2 Returning to the platform after an

overrun
driver If your train overruns a platform, it can only return to the platform if
both of the following apply.
• The overrun is no more than 400 metres (440 yards) beyond the
platform.
•

T
You have received permission from the signaller.

You must tell the guard when permission has been given for the
AF
train to return to the platform.

If the train has to pass over a level crossing, you must make sure
that the crossing is clear.
R
D

72 09/22
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38 Train in distress
The people responsible: driver, guard

If you cannot control the speed of your train or you need to alert driver
anyone about some other emergency, you must:
• sound the ‘train in distress’ warning (a continuous series of long
blasts on the high/loud tone of the horn)
• switch on the hazard warning indication if provided
• display a red light.

T
If you become aware that the ‘train in distress’ warning is being
sounded, you must:
guard
AF
• try to stop the train immediately
• contact the driver.
R
D

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Preparation and movement of trains

39 Train radio equipment

The people responsible: driver, guard, signaller

39.1 Using the train radio safely

driver Except in an emergency, you must only use the train radio when a
train is moving if one of the following applies.
• You need to pass a message relating to the immediate
movement of the train and it is necessary to do so before your

•
next stopping point.

T
You are responding to a ‘contact signaller’ or a ‘contact train
operator’s control’ message.
AF
• You are allowed to elsewhere in the Rule Book.

Before you use the train radio when a train is moving, you must
decide whether it is necessary and whether it can be done safely,
taking into consideration whether:
R

• your train is running under cautionary signal aspects or you can

see cautionary signal aspects ahead
• your train is approaching a location where it is necessary to
D

reduce speed or you are running over a speed restriction

• you have reduced the speed of your train sufficiently before
making the call to keep full control of the train throughout the
call.

If a conversation cannot be completed quickly, you must end the call

or stop the train.

If you need clarification, advice or information from a signaller, you

must bring the train to a standstill before making a call.

If you receive a text message, you must only read that message
when it is safe to do so.
signaller Except in an emergency, you must not use the train radio to speak
to the driver unless you are sure that the train concerned is at a
standstill.

74 09/22
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You can use the train radio at any time to send a ‘contact signaller’ signaller
message to get the driver to call you.

39.2 Communicating with the signaller

You must use the train radio (if available) as the normal method of driver
communicating with the signaller.

You must only use a signal-post telephone if it is not possible to

communicate using the train radio.
In an emergency, you can use the train radio (if available) to guard
communicate with the signaller.

T
AF
39.3 Signaller unable to contact the driver
If you cannot contact the driver on the train radio, you must not send signaller
messages to the driver through anyone else. Instead, you must
arrange for the driver to contact you direct.
R

39.4 Radio area boundaries

D

When your train passes a sign indicating the start of a GSM-R radio driver
section, you must check that the GSM-R radio is operating and
connected to the GSM-R network.

When your train passes a sign indicating the end of a GSM-R radio
section, you must check that the alternative radio system is
operational.

39.5 Making an emergency call

You must only use the emergency call facility when it is necessary to driver
give immediate advice for trains to be stopped or cautioned, or to
call the emergency services, in connection with an accident,
obstruction or other exceptional incident.

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Preparation and movement of trains

signaller You must only use the emergency call facility when it is necessary to
do so to stop the movement of trains, as shown in the train signalling
regulations.

39.6 Railway emergency group call (REC)

driver a) Receiving a REC

If you receive a REC, you must:

• bring your train to a stand immediately
• listen to the message.

T
AF
signaller b) During the REC

During the REC, you must:

• identify all trains that must remain at a stand
• instruct the drivers of those trains to remain at a stand
R

• get confirmation from the driver of each train that must remain at
a stand that the message has been received and understood.
D

c) Ending the REC

When you are sure the emergency has been protected, you must
end the REC with the phrase ‘End of railway emergency group call’.
driver You must not consider the REC to be ended until the signaller has
said this.

d) Restarting trains

After the REC has been ended, you may restart your train as long
as:
• you are sure your train is not affected by the emergency
• the signaller has not instructed you to remain at a stand.

You must proceed at caution as far as the next stop signal or

proceed as indicated by the movement authority displayed.

76 09/22
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In all other situations you must get authority from the signaller before driver
you restart your train.

T
AF
R
D

09/22 77
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Preparation and movement of trains

40 Train requiring to stop in section

The person responsible: driver

40.1 General
driver You must tell the signaller, if necessary stopping the train at a signal
or the signal box, before reaching the section of line in which the
train has to work, if you are working:
• an engineering train that is required to work on a running line

•
T
which is not under possession
an engineering train that is to stop at a flexible train arrival point
(FTAP) before working in a possession or protection zone (PZ)
AF
• a freight train that is required to make an unscheduled call at an
intermediate siding
• an officers’ special train that is required to stop at a location that
is not shown in the published notice.
R

You must:
• agree with the signaller a time when the section must be clear
D

• make sure your train has left the section by the agreed time.

40.2 Level crossings

driver You must not stop the train within the controls of:
• an AHBC, unless it is under local control
• an automatic barrier crossing locally monitored (ABCL) or an
automatic open crossing locally monitored (AOCL) level
crossing.

40.3 Changing direction

driver If the train is returning to the same end of the section at which it
entered on a single or bi-directional line, you must ask the signaller
for permission before the returning movement starts.

78 09/22
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41 Train stopped out of course or
unable to make normal progress
The people responsible: driver, signaller

41.1 Driver's instructions

If your train stops out of course for any reason, you must tell the driver
signaller as soon as possible, including the reason for your train
stopping.

T
If your train is only making slow progress and may be brought to a
standstill, if you can, you must tell the signaller what is happening as
AF
soon as possible.

Examples of reasons a train cannot make normal progress would

include:
• conductor rail icing
R

• rail-head adhesion
• insufficient traction power.
D

Whether you told the signaller because your train had stopped or
was only making slow progress, you must carry out any instructions
you are given by the signaller.

41.2 Signaller's instructions

If a driver tells you that a train has stopped out of course for any signaller
reason, or is only making slow progress and may be brought to a
standstill, you must take any action that will prevent other trains
being stopped as a result, and tell any other signaller who may be
able to take similar action.

You must tell Operations Control.

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Preparation and movement of trains

42 Traincrew being relieved

The people responsible: driver, guard

driver, You must give the new driver or guard all necessary instructions and
guard information about the safe operation of the train.

This must include:

• any operational requirements affecting the safe working of the
train
•

•
know about

T
any defects with the train which the new driver or guard needs to

any instructions given by the signaller.

AF
R
D

80 09/22
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43 Trains put in danger
The people responsible: driver, guard

43.1 When other trains are put in danger

You must carry out the instructions in this section if you see: driver
• an obstruction on the line which could cause danger to other
trains
• damage to structures or earthworks which could cause a danger

•
to other trains

T
a cow, bull or other large animal within the boundary fence, even
AF
if it is not an immediate danger to trains
• any other animal on or near the line which might be a danger to
trains
• something wrong with another train.
R

You must tell the signaller by making a railway emergency group call
(REC) on the train radio equipment.

You must warn the driver of any approaching train, if possible, by:
D

• sounding the horn

• switching on the hazard warning indication where provided.

If you cannot switch on the hazard warning indication, you must

display a red light forward.

You must continue for at least 2 km (1¼ miles) beyond the

obstruction and stop there.

You must then tell the signaller in the quickest way possible, if you
have not already done so.

When the signaller tells you that signal protection has been
provided, you must place a track circuit operating clip on each
affected line.

09/22 81
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Preparation and movement of trains

driver You must place a track-circuit operating clip and three detonators 20
metres (approximately 20 yards) apart on each affected line if one of
the following applies.
• The signaller cannot provide signal protection.
• You have not been able to contact the signaller.

If either of those applies, you must show a hand danger signal to

any train that is approaching the obstruction.
guard If you see something wrong which could put another train in danger,
you must, if possible, alert the driver of the other train by the most
appropriate means.

T
43.2 When a following train is put in danger
AF
driver If you see an obstruction or something wrong which could put a
following train in danger, you must not proceed beyond the next stop
signal until you have told the signaller.
R

43.3 When your train is put in danger

D

driver, If you become aware of something which could put the safety of
guard your train in danger, you must stop your train as soon as possible.

You must, if possible, avoid stopping the train:

• in a tunnel
• on a viaduct
• at any other unsuitable place.

43.4 When trains will not be put in

immediate danger
driver If you see something wrong which will not put trains in immediate
danger, you must tell the signaller at the first available opportunity.

82 09/22
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44 Trespassers
The person responsible: driver

44.1 Reporting trespassers

The person responsible: driver

If you see any trespassers, you must report this to the signaller driver
immediately using the train radio.

T
You must give the signaller as much information as possible
including:
AF
• train reporting number
• the location of the trespassers
• whether trespassers are on the lineside or on or near the line
• if the trespassers are moving, which direction they are moving in
R

• whether the trespassers appear likely to endanger trains

• a brief description of the trespassers. If possible, include
distinguishing features such as age and what they are wearing.
D

44.2 Instructions from the signaller

If a signaller has been told about trespassers on or near the line, the driver
signaller will:
• stop your train if it would proceed over the affected portion of line
• tell you what is happening and to proceed at caution past the
location where trespassers have been reported.

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Preparation and movement of trains

driver If a signaller has been told, or has reason to believe, that

trespassers are likely to endanger trains, the signaller will stop your
train, tell you what is happening and tell you:
• to proceed at caution past the affected location
• if there is a tunnel in the affected section, not to exceed 10 mph
(15 km/h) through the tunnel.

44.3 When the line is again clear

driver

T
If you find that the trespassers are no longer on or near the line, or
do not appear to be in danger from approaching trains, you must tell
the signaller.
AF
R
D

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45 Vehicles labelled for repair or with
a NOT TO BE MOVED board
attached
The people responsible: driver, guard, train preparer

45.1 Trains or vehicles with a NOT TO BE

MOVED board attached

must not allow:

• it to start a journey
T
If a train or vehicle has a NOT TO BE MOVED board attached, you driver,
guard,
train
AF
preparer
• it to be moved
• another vehicle to make contact with it
• the controls on a traction unit to be interfered with.
R

45.2 Vehicles labelled for repair

If a train or vehicle has a repair label attached, you must make sure driver,
D

the movement restrictions on the label are carried out. guard,

train
The meaning of each type of label is shown in the following table. preparer

09/22 85
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Preparation and movement of trains

Label Meaning Example

NOT TO GO Must not:
• be worked away
from the station,
depot, yard or
siding, or
• be moved within
the station,
depot, yard or
siding unless
authorised by a

YARD TO YARD
T
rolling stock
technician
Must only make the
AF
FOR REPAIRS journey to a
maintenance depot
shown on the label
R
D

FOR REPAIRS May complete the

journey and then be
dealt with as shown
in train operating
company
instructions

86 09/22
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Label Meaning Example
AUTOMATIC Must be treated as a
BRAKE piped-only vehicle
DEFECTIVE (PIPE
OPERATIVE)

AUTOMATIC AND
HAND BRAKE
DEFECTIVE
T
Must be treated as a
piped-only vehicle
and must be coupled
AF
to another vehicle
unless suitably
secured
R
D

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Preparation and movement of trains

Label Meaning Example

HAND BRAKE Must be coupled to
DEFECTIVE another vehicle
unless suitably
secured

FOR URGENT
REPAIRS/
RESTRICTED
T
Vehicle must be
worked to a
maintenance depot
AF
MOVEMENT and must not exceed
35 mph (55 km/h)
R
D

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46 Warning horn
The person responsible: driver

46.1 General
You must only use the horn as much as is necessary to give an driver
effective warning or to make sure safe working takes place.

46.2 Warning tones to use

T
If two tones are provided, you must use the horn as shown below. driver
AF
If the horn has no soft/loud setting, you must use the setting
provided.
Circumstances Tones you must use
To give a warning to anyone on or High and low tones - use
near a running line the loud setting
R

To give an urgent warning to High tone - use the loud

anyone on or dangerously near to setting
the line
D

When passing a whistle board Low tone - use the loud

setting
To give a warning when in a depot Low tone - use the soft
or siding setting
To sound a local or special code High tone - use the loud
setting
Wrong-direction movements High tone - use the loud
setting

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Preparation and movement of trains

46.3 Sounding the horn as a warning

driver a) Anyone on or near the line

You must sound the horn to warn anyone who is on or near the line
on which you are travelling.

Give a series of short, urgent danger warnings to anyone who is on

or dangerously near the line who does not:
• acknowledge your warning by raising one arm above the head,
or
•

T
appear to move clear out of the way of the train.
AF
b) Whistle boards

You must only sound the horn when passing a whistle board
between 0600 and 2359, except in an emergency or when anyone is
on or near the line.
R

c) Within a possession
D

You must sound the horn on starting your train when making a
movement within a possession.

d) Wrong-direction movements

When making a wrong-direction movement on a running line for

which there is no signal provided, you must sound a series of short
blasts at frequent intervals.

e) Train movements

You must sound the horn at any other time you consider necessary.

90 09/22
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47 Working on the outside of a train
The person responsible: driver

You must ask the signaller to stop trains on any adjacent line which driver
could put you, another member of traincrew, or anyone else whose
duties mean that person has to be with you, in danger if one of the
following applies.
• You or the other person needs to work on the outside of your
train after it has stopped because of a failure or other
exceptional incident.
•
•
T
You or the other person has to walk alongside your train.
You or the other person needs to check that the working
AF
equipment on an on-track machine (OTM) is correctly positioned.

You must do this before you or the other person starts working or
walking.

To arrange for trains to be stopped, you must:

R

• ask the signaller to stop the passage of trains on the lines

concerned
D

• get an assurance from the signaller that this has been done
• reach a clear understanding about which lines have been
blocked
• reach a clear understanding about which lines will stay open to
traffic
• ask the signaller to read back to you the details that have been
recorded.

If you are satisfied that the details recorded by the signaller are
correct, you must confirm you understand the arrangements.

Work includes checks or examinations for defects or damage which

must be carried out to meet the rules, and minor repairs to your train
that your employer has authorised you to carry out.

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Preparation and movement of trains

driver The signaller will then give you an authority number. Until you are
given this authority number, you must not consider the adjacent line
as being blocked.

If your train is within a protection zone (PZ), you must ask the
engineering supervisor or safe work leader to arrange with the
signaller for an adjacent line to be blocked.

If you have arranged to stop the passage of trains for another

person to work on the outside of your train or walk alongside it, you
must explain the arrangements to that person.

T
When the work on the outside of the train has finished or you, or the
other person have finished walking, you must tell the signaller that
the normal passage of trains can be resumed.
AF
You must give the signaller the authority number that you were
given.
R
D

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R
AF
T
 T
AF
R
D

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Web [Link]

Rail Safety and Standards Board

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The Helicon
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