Linux Cluster
Administration RHEL 5
Linux Clustering Document 1 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Basics
What is cluster
Cluster types
Storage
High Availability
Load balancing
High performance
Linux Clustering Document 2 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Storage Clusters
Provide consistent file system image across
nodes
Simplify storage administration
Simplify backup & disaster recovery
RHCS provides storage clustering through
Red Hat GFS
Linux Clustering Document 3 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
High Availability Clusters
Provide continuous availability of services
Maintain data integrity
Node failures in a high-availability cluster are not vis-
ible from outside the cluster
RHCS provides high-availability clustering
through its High availability Service
Management component
Linux Clustering Document 4 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Load balancing clusters
Dispatch network service requests to multiple
cluster nodes
Provide cost-effective scalability
Failures in a load-balancing cluster are not
visible from outside the cluster
RHCS provides load-balancing through LVS
Linux Clustering Document 5 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Performance Clusters
Use cluster nodes to perform concurrent
calculations
Allow applications to work in parallel
Referred to as computational clusters or grid
computing
Linux Clustering Document 6 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Red Hat Cluster Suite
RHCS
RHCS major components:
Cluster infrastructure
HA Service Management
Cluster Administration tools
Linux Virtual Server ( LVS)
RHCS optional components
Global File System (GFS)
Cluster Logical Volume Manager (CLVM)
Global Network Block Device (GNBD)
Linux Clustering Document 7 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Red Hat Cluster Suite
RHCS
Linux Clustering Document 8 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Infrastructure
Cluster Management
Lock Management
Fencing
Cluster Configuration Management
Linux Clustering Document 9 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Infrastructure Cluster Management
(CMAN)
Distributed across all nodes
CMAN track cluster quorum
Prevents split-brain
CMAN tracks membership
Linux Clustering Document 10 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Infrastructure
Lock Management
Service provides mechanism for other
cluster components to synchronize
their access to shared resources
Distributed Lock Manager (DLM)
GFS & CLVM use locks from DLM
Linux Clustering Document 11 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Infrastructure Fencing
Disconnection of a node from the cluster’s
shared storage fenced daemon performs
fencing
DLM & GFS recover after fenced
Fencing methods
Linux Clustering Document 12 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Infrastructure Fencing
Fencing methods:
Power fencing
External
Integrated
SCSI3 Persistent Reservation Fencing
Fiber Channel switch fencing
GNBD fencing
Linux Clustering Document 13 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Infrastructure Cluster
ConfigurationSystem
(CCS)
CCS manage cluster configuration
CCS provide information to other cluster
components
CCS ensures configuration file is up-to-date
in all nodes
Linux Clustering Document 14 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Infrastructure Cluster
ConfigurationSystem
(CCS)
Configuration file /etc/cluster/[Link]
Cluster characteristics
Cluster name
Cluster
Fence Device
Managed Resources
Linux Clustering Document 15 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
HA Service Management
Create & manage HA cluster services
rgmanager implements cold failover
HA service must be configured in cluster.
conf
Associate service to failover domain
Failover priority in a failover domain
Linux Clustering Document 16 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Failover Domains
Linux Clustering Document 17 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Failover Domains
Failover characteristics
Unrestricted
Restricted
Unordered
Ordered
Failback
Linux Clustering Document 18 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Red Hat Global File System
GFS/GFS2 is a native file system
GFS/GFS2 provides data sharing among
nodes with single, consistent view of the
file system name space
GFS/GFS2 file system must be created on
an LVM logical volume (linear or mirror)
Linux Clustering Document 19 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Logical Volume
(CLVM)
CLVM provides the same capabilities as
LVM2 on a single node
CLVM makes volume available to all nodes
clvmd daemon provides clustering exten-
sions
to LVM2
Linux Clustering Document 20 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Global Network Block Device
(GNBD)
Provides block-device access to GFS over
TCP/IP
Useful when FC or single initiator SCSI are
not necessary or are cost prohibitive
GNBD client , GNBD server
Linux Clustering Document 21 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Global Network Block
Device (GNBD)
Linux Clustering Document 22 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Linux Virtual Server (LVS)
Set of integrated s/w for load balancing
Runs on equally configured computers
Active LVS router
Backup LVS router
LVS roles:
Load balancing
Integrity of services check
Linux Clustering Document 23 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Linux Virtual Server (LVS)
Linux Clustering Document 24 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Linux Virtual Server (LVS)
Two tiers : LVS routers & real servers
Active LVS router uses NAT to direct from
public network to real servers
Service requests arrive to LVS to a virtual
IP (VIP)
Only one LVS is active at a time
LVS distributes requests based on load
balancing algorithms
Linux Clustering Document 25 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Linux Virtual Server (LVS)
Load-balancing algorithms:
Round-Robin Scheduling
Weighted Round-Robin Scheduling
Least-Connection
Weighted Least-Connections (default)
Linux Clustering Document 26 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Linux Virtual Server (LVS)
Routing Methods:
NAT Routing
Direct Routing
Linux Clustering Document 27 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Administration tools
Conga
Cluster Administration GUI
Command line administration tools
Linux Clustering Document 28 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Administration tools
Conga
s/w provides centralized configuration &
management
Conga primary components
luci
ricci
luci server runs on one computer & commu-
nicates with multiple clusters & computers via
ricci
ricci agent that runs on each computer
Linux Clustering Document 29 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Administration GUI
System-config-cluster
Cluster status tool
Linux Clustering Document 30 [Link]
Linux Cluster Concepts And
Administration on RHEL 5
Cluster Administration tools
Command Line Administration Tools
- ccs_tool → cluster configuration
- cman_tool → cluster management
- fence_tool → fence tool
- clustat → cluster status
- clusvcadm → cluster user service administration
Linux Clustering Document 31 [Link]
