DRRRM

Power and water supplies were cut of for several

weeks. Hundreds of lives perished.

Why are we disaster-prone?

1. Typhoon Belt
PPT NI MA’AM IXIA :) (wla week 6 huhuhu natatamad na ak)
2. Pacific Ring of fire
Introduction to Different Types of Disaster
HAZARD VS DISASTER
NATURAL PROCESSES
1. PLATE TECTONICS
HAZARD
- Leading to mountain building, volcanism, ocean
formation, etc. - A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
2. ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
- formation of clouds, precipitation, wind, etc. injury or other health impacts, property damage,
3. BIOLOGICAL ACCUMULATION loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
- Reef building, colony formation, forestations, etc. disruption, or environmental damage.
4. HUMAN ACTIVITIES
- urbanization, extracting resources, geoengineering, Types of Hazards
etc. 1. Natural Hazards
Disastrous Event in the Past Years - Predominantly associated with natural processes
and phenomena.
1. Typhoon Yolanda - Naturally-occuring physical
- Strength: 290 km/ hr phenomena caused either by rapid or
- The storm surge is brought was sudden and slow onset events which can be:
unexpected – geophysical (earthquakes,
- More than 7,000 people perished landslides, tsunamis and volcanic
- The entire city of Tacloban was flattened. activity),
2. Wowowie Stampede – hydrological (avalanches and floods),
- The show became so popular that thousands of fans – climatological (extreme temperatures, drought
flock to ULTRA to watch the noontime show. It and wildfires),
turned out into a disastrous tragedy when there was – meteorological (cyclones and storms/wave surges)
a human-induced disturbance among the watching or
crowd that cause a stampede. Many spectators – biological (disease epidemics and insect/animal
were hurt and some even died which led to the plagues)
dissolution of said TV Program.
3. Typhoon Ondoy TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD
- Typhoon Ondoy turned into a disaster because of A. Biological Hazard
the amount of precipitation brought by its torrential - Greek “Bios” - “life”
rains that lasted for several days causing floods and - Process or phenomenon of organic origin or
flash floods in Metro Manila. Thousands of houses conveyed by biological vectors/ agents, including
were submerge in flood water. Hundreds of shelters exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and
along river banks and steros were washed out. bioactive substances

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 Examples: outbreak of epidemic diseases, plant or accidents, factory explosions,
animal contagion, insect or other animal plagues fires, and chemical spills,Oil and
and infestations chemical spill, forest fire
B. Geological Hazard 3. ACCIDENT – RELATED HAZARDS
- Greek “geo” - “earth” - Hazards brought about by an unintentional event
Examples: that lead to loss of life and property
- internal earth processes, such as - Vehicular accidents, airplane crash, forest fires,
earthquakes, volcanic activity and collapsed building, and terrorist bombing
emissions,
EXPOSURE
- related geophysical processes such as mass
movements, landslides, rockslides, surface - The presence of elements at risk or chance of being
collapses, and debris or mudflows. harmed from a natural or man made hazard event
C. Hydrometeorological Hazard
DISASTER
- Greek “hydro” - “water”
- Greek “meteoros” - “sky” - There’s no such thing as natural disaster, only
- Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, natural hazards.
hydrological or oceanographic nature - A serious disruption of the functioning of a
Examples: community or a society involving widespread
- tropical cyclones (also known as typhoons and human, material, economic, or environmental losses
hurricanes), thunderstorms, hailstorms, tornados, and impacts which exceeds the ability of the
blizzards, heavy snowfall, avalanches, coastal storm affected community or society to cope using its own
surges, floods including flash floods, drought, resources.
heatwaves and cold spells, forest fire, tsunami - The probability that a community's structure or
D. Environmental Hazard geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by
- Caused by changes in the environment that can the impact of a particular hazard, on account of its
pose damage to people and the environment nature, construction and proximity to a hazardous
- Different kinds of pollution, deforestation, area
desertification, and pest infection
DISASTER RISK
E. Chemical Hazards
- Caused by any chemical substances that can affect - The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or
life and property damaged assets which could occur to a system,
- Oil spills, fires, nuclear meltdown, and terrorist society or a community in a specific period,
bombing determined probabilistically as a function of hazard,
- Chemical hazards can be classified further into exposure, vulnerability and capacity.
intentional and unintnetional
VULNERABILITY
2. MAN-MADE & TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS - The conditions determined by physical, social,
- A hazard originating from technological or industrial economic and environmental factors or processes
conditions, including accidents, dangerous which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a
procedures, infrastructure failures, or specific community, assets or systems to the impacts of
human activities. hazards.
Examples: industrial pollution,
CAPACITY
nuclear radiation, toxic wastes,
dam failures, transport
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- The combination of all the strengths, attributes and Impact
resources available within an organization,
- The effects of disaster on people, buildings, and
community or society to manage and reduce
society
disaster risks and strengthen resilience.
Losses
Risk Factors Underlying Disaster
- A measure of the damage or destruction caused by
1. Climate Change
a disaster
2. Environmental Degradation
3. Globalized Economic Development Direct Losses
4. Poverty and Inequality
5. Poorly planned and Managed Urban - Refer to the physical or structural impact caused by
Development the disaster
6. Weak Governance Example: destruction of infrastructure caused by the
forces of high winds, flooding, or ground shaking
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTERS
Indirect Losses
Physical Perspective
- Are the subsequent or secondary results of the
- Injuries, Physical disabilities/illness, Sanitation, initial destruction
Damage in infrastructures Example: business interruption losses

Psychological Perspective Gains

- PTSD, Mental Health, Shock, Denial, Stress, Anxiety, - Can also generate gains not only losses
Insecurity, Hopelessness, Helplessness Example: the demands for construction material
and expertise following a disaster can prosper in the
Socio-cultural Perspective
construction industry
- Matiisin, Malalampasan din natin ito, Bahala na
Impact of Disaster
ang diyos, Change in individual roles, Disruption of
social relationships and personal connections 1. Displaces People
2. Dood Scarcity
Economic Perspective
3. Health Risk
- Reduce local and international trade, Paralyzed 4. Lost Productivity
transportation system, Loss of life/ 5. Supply chains disruption
property/household articles/ crops/ public, 6. Lost Investment
Unemployment 7. Lost Education
8. Homelessness
Political Perspective
9. Mental Health
- People’s trust, Motivation vs dependance 10. Intangible Cultural Impact

Disaster Reduction
1. Check for hazards at home.
Biological Perspective 2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors
- Loss of lives, Public demobilization, Unemployment, 3. Educate yourself and family members
Hunger 4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand

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 5. Develop an emergency communication plan. 1. Population density near a hazard event
6. Help your community get ready. Population - refers to the number of
7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle individuals inhabiting a particular space at the
same time
Population Density - refers to the number of
individuals living in an area in
relation to the size of an area
2. Capacity and efficiency to reduce Disaster Risk
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
Preparation, Response and Recovery

MITIGATION
VULNERABILITY
- The action of reducing something’s severity,
- state of being at risk seriousness, or painfulness
- characteristics and circumstances of a community,
system or resource that make it susceptible to the DISASTER MITIGATION
damaging effects of a hazard
- Measures or ways that eliminate or reduce the
- susceptible or prone
impacts and risks of hazards by means of proactive
- situation specific (preparation, resources, resiliency,
measures taken before an emergency or a disaster
type of disaster)
takes place
- Hazard specific
HAZARDS SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
FACTORS DRIVING VULNERABILITY
TECHNOLOGICAL OR MAN MADE SIGNS
Physical
FLAMES
- Poor design and construction of buildings,
unregulated land use planning, etc.

Social
- Poverty and inequality, social exclusion and
discrimination by gender, social status, disability,
and age

Economics
- The uninsured informal sector, vulnerable, rural
livelihoods, dependence on single industries
HEALTH HAZARD

Environmental
- Poor environmental management, overconsumption
of natural resources, climate change

FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITY OF ONE’S

COMMUNITY
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 QUASI NATURAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

ENVIRONMENT

EXPLODING BOMB

SKULL AND CROSSBONES

What are the Different Impacts of Hazards?

One way to classify hazard impacts is by means of
general impact themes namely:

- Danger to life which includes physical anD

psychological harm and diseases
- Denial of access like energy, water, communication
and transport access
- Damage to the physical environment like buildings
and land

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Hazard identification is the process of determining all
physical and nonphysical agents in the workplace or
specific environment.

Risk assessment is a way to determine which hazards

and risks should be prioritized by taking into
consideration the probability and severity of impact.

Below are the steps in hazard identification and risk

assessment.

1. Identify the hazards.

2. Assess the Risk.
3. Make the changes
4. Checking the changes made.