Assignment 4
Instructor: Dr. Ramesh Manna
M102, Mathematics 2
NISER Bhubaneswar
Exercise [Bonus of previous assignment]. Let a, b ∈ R such that 0 < a < b, then prove
that 0 < an < bn for all n ∈ N.
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Exercise 1. Using the result obtain from Ex 9 of Assignment 3, Show that limn→∞ 2n
= 0.
Exercise 2. If A ⊂ R is nonempty and bounded above, and if M = sup(A), then there
exists a sequence {xn } in A such that xn → M .
Exercise 3. Using the definition find the following limits :
n+2
(i) 2n+3
(ii) √5
n
√ √
(iii) ( n + 1 − n)
n
(iv) 1 + [ (−1)
n
]
√ √
n+1− n
(v) n
1−n2
(vi) n2 −n+3
Exercise 4. Prove or disprove (by giving a counterexample) the following:
(i) There exists a ∈ R such that for each ϵ > 0, there exist N ∈ N such that |an − a| < nϵ
for all n ≥ N. Then we can say that limn→∞ an = a.
ϵ
(ii) There exists a ∈ R such that for each ϵ > 0, there exist N ∈ N such that |an − a| < n+1
for all n ≥ N. Then we can say that limn→∞ an = a.
(iii) For every R > 0, there exist N ∈ N such that |aN | ≥ R. Then {an } is convergent.
(iv) limn→∞ xn = 0 iff limn→∞ |xn | = 0.
(v) limn→∞ xn = a iff limn→∞ |xn | = |a|, where a ̸= 0.
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Exercise 5. Determine which of the following sequences are convergent and which are di-
vergent:
√
(i) { n2 + 1 − n}
(ii) {cos( nπ
2
)}
(iii) {(−1)n }
Exercise 6. Show that convergent sequence is bounded. Does the converse hold? Justify
it.
Exercise 7. {xn } and {yn } be sequence such that {xn } and {xn + yn } converge, then show
that {yn } also converges.
Exercise 8. {xn } and {yn } be sequence such that {xn } converges to x ̸= 0 and {xn yn }
converges, then show that {yn } also converges. What happens if x = 0?
Exercise 9. Suppose {xn } and {yn } are sequences such that |xn | ≤ yn for all n ∈ N and
limn→∞ yn = 0, then prove that limn→∞ xn = 0.
Exercise 10. Find the limit of the following sequence:
1
(i) {a n }, where a > 0
1
(ii) {n n }
1
(iii) {(2n) n }
Exercise 11. Let {xn } be an increasing sequence. Then it is convergent iff it is bounded
above.
What will be the corresponding result for decreasing sequences? Using it show that the
sequence {xn } is convergent, where xn = nn!n .
Exercise 12. Let the sequence {xn } is defined by xn = (1 + n1 )n . Then prove the following:
(i) {xn } is increasing.
(ii) {xn } is bounded above.
(iii) {xn } is convergent.
We define e := limn→∞ xn . It is called the Euler number.
1 1 1
Exercise 13. Let xn = n+1
+ n+2
+ ... + 2n
. Check whether {xn } converges or not.
Exercise 14 [Sandwich Lemma]. Let {xn }, {yn } and {zn } be sequences such that {xn }
and {yn } both converge to a and xn ≤ zn ≤ yn for all n. Then zn converges to a.
Exercise 15. Using the Sandwich lemma find the limit of the following sequences:
n
(i) { (−1)
√ }
n
(i) { sinn n }
√ √
(ii) { n + 1 − n}
1
(iv) {(an + bn ) n }, where 0 < a < b
