BASIC COMPUTER
SCIENCE
COMPUTER IS AN VERY HIGH SPEED ELECTRONIC DEVICE
By smita waghmare
COMPUTER WORKS ON
INPUT → → PROCESS → → OUTPUT
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
INPUT:- OUTPUT:-
•Keyboard •Monitor
•Mouse •Printers
•Joy Stick •Plotters
•Light pen •Microfiche
•Track Ball •Projector
•Scanner •Head Phone
•Graphic Tablet
•Microphone
BOTH INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
• Touch Screen
• Modems
• Network cards
• Audio Cards / Sound Card
• Headsets (Headset consists of Speakers and Microphone)
• camera
TYPES OF MEMORY IN COMPUTER
COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEM
• Decimal Number System
• Binary Number System
• Octal Number System
• Hexadecimal Number System
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
• Decimal number system is a base 10 number system having 10 digits from 0 to 9.
This means that any numerical quantity can be represented using these 10 digits.
Decimal number system is also a positional value system. This means that the
value of digits will depend on its position.
• Example:- we have three numbers – 734, 971 and 207. The value of 7 in all three
numbers is different−
• In 734, value of 7 is 7 hundreds or 700 or 7 × 100 or 7 × 102
• In 971, value of 7 is 7 tens or 70 or 7 × 10 or 7 × 101
• In 207, value 0f 7 is 7 units or 7 or 7 × 1 or 7 × 100
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
• The easiest way to vary instructions through electric signals is two-state system –
on and off. On is represented as 1 and off as 0, though 0 is not actually no signal
but signal at a lower voltage. The number system having just these two digits – 0
and 1 – is called binary number system.
• Each binary digit is also called a bit. Binary number system is also positional
value system, where each digit has a value expressed in powers of 2.
• In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called least significant bit (LSB) and
leftmost digit is called most significant bit (MSB).
• And decimal equivalent of this number is sum of product of each digit with its
positional value.
110102 = 1×24 + 1×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 0×20
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
= 2610
Computer memory is measured in terms of how many bits it can store. Here
is a chart for memory capacity conversion.
•1 byte (B) = 8 bits
•1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes
•1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
•1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
•1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
•1 Exabyte (EB) = 1024 PB
•1 Zettabyte = 1024 EB
•1 Yottabyte (YB) = 1024 ZB
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM
• Octal number system has eight digits – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Octal number system is also a
positional value system with where each digit has its value expressed in powers of 8.
• Decimal equivalent of any octal number is sum of product of each digit with its positional value.
• 7268 = 7×82 + 2×81 + 6×80
• = 448 + 16 + 6
• = 47010
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
• It has 16 symbols – 0 to 9 and A to F where A is equal to 10, B is equal to 11 and so on till F.
Hexadecimal number system is also a positional value system with where each digit has its
value expressed in powers of 16.
• Decimal equivalent of any hexadecimal number is sum of product of each digit with its positional
value.
• 27FB16 = 2×163 + 7×162 + 15×161 + 10×160
• = 8192 + 1792 + 240 +10
• = 1023410
Thanking you
