ACADEMIC YEAR : 2024 - 25

VIII

SCIENCE PART- 1
 CHAPTER PAGE
SR.NO. CHAPTER NAME SIGN
NO. NO.

1. 3 Coal and Petroleum 1-24

2. 6 Reproduction in Animals 25-48

Reaching The Age of

3. 7 49-78
Adolescence
 Chapter 7
Reaching The Age of Adolescence

1. Read the following poem and

identify the seven stages of life by
giving one keyword for each stage:
1st stage - Infant crying
2nd stage - A complaining school boy
3rd stage - A lover
4th stage - A bearded soldier
5th stage - A wise justice
6th stage - Old man
7th stage - The second childhood
2. In which of the above stage, you
can place the age of adolescence.
A lover
3. Give reason for the same.
Because opposite sex attracts each
other.

● Reproduction: The process by which living organisms produce offsprings of their

own kind is called reproduction. It is only after ‘growing up’ to a certain age that
human beings and many other animals can reproduce. There are certain changes
that takes place in the human body after which a person becomes capable of
reproduction. These changes marks between the period of 11-18 years sometimes
13-19(Teenagers).
● Adolescent- A person who is in the process of growing from child to an adult is
called an adolescent.
● → it begins around the age of 11 and lasts till about 18 or 19 years of age.
● → Adolescence in girls can begin one or two years earlier than boys.
● Puberty- The various changes that occur in the body during adolescence marks
the onset of puberty.
● → Puberty ends when teenagers attain sexual maturity.
● Changes in teenagers that we see during puberty:
● Increase in height- There is a sudden increase in height. At this time, the bones of
the legs and the arms of a person start to grow longer and hence a person becomes
taller. This increase in height occurs until the age of 18 in both boys and girls.
However, it is observed that girls grow faster than boys initially. Height depends
on the genes inherited from parents.
● Change in the shape of the body- Boys generally has broader shoulders and
wider chests. In girls, the region below the waist becomes wider. In boys, the
muscles of the body grow more prominently than in the girls.
● Change in voice- At puberty, the voice box or the larynx develops in boys. In girls
the larynx is hardly visible because of its small size.The bulge at the front of throat
or neck in grown up boys is called Adam’s apple. Generally, girls have a high
pitched voice, whereas boys have a deep voice.
● Increased Activity of Sweat and Sebaceous Glands- During puberty the
secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands (oil glands) increases. Many times
girls and boys get acne and pimples on the face during the excess secretion of
these glands.
● Development of Sex Organs- At puberty, male sex organs like the testes and
penis develop completely and start producing sperms. In girls, the ovaries enlarge
and start releasing mature eggs.
● Reaching Mental, Intellectual and Emotional Maturity-Adolescents are more
independent than before and are also self-conscious. Intellectual development
takes place and they tend to spend considerable time thinking. During adolescence,
the brain has the maximum learning power.
● Hormones- are the chemical substances which coordinate the activities of living
organisms and also their growth. The hormones involved in the development and
control of the reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics are called
sex hormones. ie testosterone and estrogen hormone. The production of these
hormones is under the control of another hormone(gonadotropic hormone)
secreted from an endocrine gland called pituitary gland.
● Secondary Sexual Characteristics in boys or functions performed by
testosterone hormone – In boys, hair grows on face in the form of beard and
moustaches. Boys also develop hairs on their chest, under the arms and in the
pubic region also. Shoulders and chest broaden, deeper voice, Adam's apple
develops in front of throat and growth and development of male sex organs. The
secondary sexual characters in boys are produced by the male sex hormone called
testosterone made in testes.
● Secondary Sexual Characters in girls or functions performed by estrogen
hormone - In girls, development of breast begins. Milk secreting glands or
mammary glands develop inside the breasts, hips broaden and voice becomes
shrilled. In girls, hair grows under the arms and in the pubic region also as well as
growth and development of female sex organs. The secondary sexual characters in
girls are produced by the female sex hormone called estrogen, made in ovaries.
● Exocrine gland –A gland which secretes its products into a duct is called an
exocrine gland. For eg. Salivary gland and sweat gland.
● Endocrine gland(ductless gland)- A gland which secretes its product directly into
the bloodstream, is called an endocrine gland. For eg. Pituitary gland and Adrenal
glands.
● Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream to reach a particular body
part called target site.
● Reproductive phase of life in humans- The reproductive phase of life in men
lasts much longer than in women. In females, the reproductive phase of life begins
at puberty and generally lasts till the age of approximately 45 to 50 years.
● The ova begin to mature with the onset of puberty. One ovum matures and is
released by one of the ovaries once in about 28 to 30 days. During this period, the
wall of the uterus becomes thick so as to receive the egg, in case it is fertilized and
begins to develop. This results in pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the
released egg and the thickened lining of the uterus breaks down and blood comes
out of vagina with other tissues in the form of bleeding.
● Menarche- The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed menarche.
● Menopause- The permanent stoppage of menstruation in a woman is called
menopause.
● AIDS : stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a dangerous disease
which is caused by a virus called HIV.
● Drugs are chemical substances which when taken into the body change the
functions of the body, influence the mind and sometimes even change the behavior
of the person.
● Teenagers should consume a balanced diet and not junk food. A balanced diet is a
meal that includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in proper proportions.
● Define adolescence and puberty and explains how hormones cause sudden changes
in our body.
● Describe how puberty marks the beginning of the reproductive period.
● Differentiate between male and female secondary sexual characters based on their
structure and functions.
● Identify the sex hormones and their role in initiating reproductive functions.
● Define menstruation, menarche, and menopause and describes the reproductive
phase of life in humans.
● Identify the role of male and female chromosomes in sex determination.
● Suggest ways to get over fears associated with gender issues and myths related to sex
determination of babies.
● With the help of a well-labelled diagram, show the positions and describe the
structure and functions of endocrine glands in the human body.
● Explain how hormones regulate metamorphosis in insects and frogs.
● Describe the importance of reproductive health.
● Relate the dangers associated with drug abuse and suggest ways to deal with them.

Topic I : Understanding adolescence and puberty Refer T.B Page 113-116

ABL
4. Refer activity 10.1 page 114 in textbook and solve the following by using the
formula:

Calculation for full height (cm) = Present height (cm) x 100

% of full height at this age

I am ______________ and I am _____ years old and _________ cm tall.

At the end of the growth period, I am likely to be _______________ cm tall.
 Learning

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct words:

a. Production of _______________ (Sperms/eggs) takes place in adolescent boys.
b. A lot of _____________ (Sweating/tiredness) occurs due to the increased
activity of sebaceous glands.
c. The age when you become capable of reproduction is called _______________.
(Puberty/adulthood)
d. Growth of armpit hairs in males and females is a _____________
(Primary/secondary) sexual characters.
e. The chemical substance which is secreted from the endocrine system is called
_____________ (hormone/enzyme).
6. State whether true or false. Correct the false statement(s):
a. A woman (mother) is responsible for the sex of her child..
True.
b. There is a development of adam’s apple in females.
False, it is developed in males.
c. The ovaries do not release eggs during the adolescence phase.
False, it is released.
d. Increase in height is development on the gene inherited from your parents.
True.
e. Girls attain puberty before boys.
True.
7. Why are teenagers more prone to get pimples?
Oil glands get stimulated when hormones become active during puberty. That's
why people are likely to get acne in their teens. Because the tendency to develop
acne is partly genetic, if other people in your family had (or have) acne, you may
be more likely to have it too.
8. Why are changes in voice experienced by boys and girls during puberty?
Due to hormonal changes.
 Leading

9. Why is pituitary gland known as the master gland?

The pituitary gland is referred to as the “master gland” because it monitors and
regulates many bodily functions through the hormones that it produces, including:
Growth and sexual/reproductive development and function. Glands (thyroid gland,
adrenal glands, and gonads)
10. List changes in the body that take place at puberty. [NCERT]

11. What are sex hormones? Why are they named so? State their function. [NCERT]
Sex hormones are the hormones secreted by testes (testosterone) and ovaries (estrogen).
They are called sex hormones because it distinguish different sex, i.e., a boy is
distinguished from a girl due to these hormones. Their function is to develop the
secondary sexual characters in boys and girls.
12. Why physical exercise is important during the period of adolescence ?
For teens, daily exercise may help prevent conditions such as weight gain, high
blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels, as well as poor lifestyle habits
that lead to heart attack and stroke later in life. Exercise on a regular basis is part
of a healthy lifestyle.
 __________________________________________________________________
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Topic II : Reproductive phase of life in humans Refer T.B Page 118-119

TBL

Youtube Channel : Don't Memorise

Search : Reaching Adolescence - Reproductive Phase
Youtube Channel: Dandelion Medical Animation
Search: Ovulation and menstrual cycle often called period

Learning

13. Write one word for the following:

a. The 28 to 30 days of changes that take place in females: Menstrual cycle
b. Onset of menstrual cycle: Menarche
c. End of menstrual cycle: Menopause
d. Chromosomes that determines the gender of a boy: XY chromososmes.
14. State whether true or false. Correct the false statement(s):
a. Reproductive phase in girls begins from the age of 10 to 12 years.
True.
b. Ovulation takes place at the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
False, it takes place in the middle of cycle.
c. Males carry XX chromosomes.
False, Males carry XY chromosomes.
d. Gender myths are based on fact and evidences.
False, it’s a misconception.
 Leading

15. Explain the different stages of the menstrual cycle in females.

In a girl, menstruation starts from the age of 10 to 15 when she attains puberty and
this beginning is known as menarche. The ending of menstruation is known as
menopause which takes place at the age range of 50.
The first day of bleeding is marked as the first day of a menstrual cycle and the
period from one menstrual cycle to another can vary from 28 to 30 days.
Before discussing the different phases of the menstrual cycle, it is important to
have a glimpse of the female reproductive system and organs involved in this cycle.
They mainly include:

A pair of ovaries that store, nourish and release ova.

Uterus (womb), where implantation of a fertilised egg takes place and the foetus
develops.
Pair of the fallopian tubes connecting the ovaries and uterus.
The count of the ovum in each ovary is decided and fixed before the birth of a girl.
As she reaches puberty, hormones stimulate the development and release of one
ovum per month. This continues till menopause.
16. How is the sex of a baby is determined? Explain in detail.
The sex of a child depends on what happens at fertilisation:
(a) If a sperm carrying X chromosome fertilises an ovum (or egg) which carries X
chromosome, then the child born will be a girl. This is because the child will have
XX combination of sex chromosomes.
(b) If a sperm carrying Y chromosome fertilises an ovum (or egg) which carries X
chromosome, then the child born will be a boy. This is because the child will have
XY combination of sex chromosomes
Topic III : Endocrine glands Refer T.B Page 119-120

RBL
17. Following pie chart shows the consumption of the balanced diet provided in the
mid-day meal of a primary school. If a child needs 2500 calories in his food daily,
find the amount of each of these (in calories) in his daily food intake.

Amount of carbohydrates = 625 calories.

Amount of protein = 625 calories.
Amount of fats = 250 calories.
Amount of fruits and vegetables = 1000 calories.
 Learning

18. State whether true or false. Correct the false statement(s):

a. Endocrine glands are ductless glands.
True
b. Deficiency of insulin causes diabetes.
True
c. Thyroid gland is present in the brain.
False, throat.
d. Pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
True
e. Frogs need insulin to undergo metamorphosis.
False, thyroxine.
19. What is goitre?
Goitre is a disease caused by the deficiency of thyroxine hormone which results
in excessive swelling of thyroid gland.
20. State three important functions of the thyroid gland.
Regulating the rate at which your body uses calories (energy). ...
Slowing down or speeding up your heart rate.
Raising or lowering your body temperature.
21. Prepare a Table having two columns depicting names of endocrine glands
hormones secreted by them.
 Learning

22. Label the following diagram showing the position of the endocrine glands in
the human body. State function and deficiency of each hormone.

Hypothalamus: Function: Controls water balance, sleep, temperature, appetite & blood
pressure.
Deficiency: High blood pressure, Low blood pressure, Weight gain or weight loss.
Pineal gland: Function: Secretes melatonin.
Deficiency: Affects sleeping pattern.
Pituitary gland: Function: Secretes growth hormone.
Deficiency: Abnormal height.
Thyroid gland: Function: Secretes thyroxine.
Deficiency: Causes goitre.
Thymus gland: Secretes thymosin.
Deficiency: Causes Digeorge syndrome (affects immune system).
Adrenal gland: Function: Secretes adrenaline.
Deficiency: Autoimmune disease.
 Learning

Pancreas: Function: Secretes insulin.

Deficiency: Causes diabetes.
Ovary: Secretes Estrogen.
Deficiency: affects the development of secondary sexual characters in female.
Testes: Secretes Testosterone.
Deficiency: affects the development of secondary sexual characters in male.
23. What is the role of hormones in life of insect and frog ?
Metamorphosis is controlled by insect hormones. In afrog, it is controlled by
thyroxine, thehormone produced by thyroid. Thyroxine production requires the
presence of iodine in water. If the water in which the tadpoles are growing does not
contain sufficient iodine, the tadpoles cannot become adults.
Topic IV : Reproductive health Refer T.B Page 120-122

Art Integration

24. Get ideas from the pictures given below and prepare a list of items so that
you are aware of the diet for adolescents. You may use your creative ideas and
present it like an advertisement.

Be happy, be healthy be active:

- measure and watch your weight.
- limit unhealthy foods and eat healthy
meals.
- drink water and stay hydrated and limit
sugar beverages.
- exercise regularly and be physically
active.
- reduce sitting and screen time.
- get enough good sleep.
 Learning

25. Write one word for the following:

a. Diet that has the right amount of nutrients: Balanced diet
b. Food that leads to improper growth: Junk food
c. Microorganisms that multiplies rapidly in the sweat Bacteria
d. Virus that causes AIDS: HIV
26. State whether true or false. Correct the false statement(s):
a. The harmful effects of drugs are reversible.
False, irreversible.
b. You can relieve stress by exercising regularly.
True
c. HIV virus can be transferred through shared syringes.
True
d. The legal age for marriage in India for girls is 21 years.
False, 18 years.
e. We should build a society that believes in equality for all genders.
True
27. State three ways in which HIV can be transmitted.
HIV/AIDS is transmitted through sexual contact, blood, needles, or from mother
to infant. It cannot be transmitted through saliva or sweat.
28. How do drugs affect teenagers? How can they be avoided?
Taking drugs when young can interfere with developmental processes occurring
in the brain. It can also affect their decision-making. They may be more likely to
do risky things, such as unsafe sex and dangerous driving.
 Learning

29. What hygienic measures should be taken by girls during menstruation and
why?
Wear lightweight, breathable clothing (such as cotton underwear). Tight fabrics
can trap moisture and heat, allowing germs to grow. Change your menstrual
products regularly. Trapped moisture provides a breeding ground for bacteria and
fungi.
30. In India, the legal age for girls to get married is 18 years and it is 21 for boys.
Why?
An individual becomes mature mentally and sexually after a certain age.
The Indian government believes that people should get married after reaching this level
of maturity.In India, the legal age of marriage for boys is 21 and for girls, it is 18.Early
marriage and parenthood can hamper the career of an individual.It can cause financial
problems and health problems as well. A person may not be ready for such
responsibilities at the brink of adulthood.
31. Show with the help of labelled diagram how the sex of a baby is determined.
 VBL
32. Pritha noticed that her younger sister who has just entered the phase of
adolescence, prefers to eat junk food. Pritha advises her not to eat junk food
by telling her the importance of a balanced diet during this period.
a. Why do you think it is important to maintain a balanced diet during this
period?
Because during this period maximum growth takes place for which body requires
all types of nutrients.
b. Which type of nutrient helps in bodybuilding and should be consumed in
larger quantity during the adolescence period?
Protein.
c. What quality is exhibited by Pritha?
Caring.
33. Rohan and Smita organized an awareness campaign in a slum near their
locality, to make teenage girls aware of their reproductive system and to
advise them on how they should take care of their body due to the changes
occurring in them.
a. What is the importance of spreading awareness about reproductive health
and hygiene?
By knowing them the teenage girls can keep their body safe from bacterial
infections.
b. What are the values exhibited by Rohan and Smita?
Social values, responsible and kind.
c. State three myths that the adolescents in the slum areas might face. What
would you advise them?
1. A girl becomes pregnant if she looks at boys during menstruation.
2. The mother is responsible for thsex of her child.
3. A girl should not be allowed to work in the kitchen during menstruation.
You may come across many other myths and taboos. Discard them.
Adam’s apple: The protruding part of the voice box due to its growth is called Adam's
apple.
Adolescence: This phase of life when the body goes through changes and attains
reproductive maturity is called adolescence.
Adrenal glands : These glands are located right above the kidneys. Their shapes are
modified and they diminish in size as a person grows older.
Adrenaline: It is secreted by adrenal glands which helps to regulate the salt and pH
balance.
Balanced diet: A diet which has the right amount of carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins, and minerals.
Drug Abuse: Use of drugs for purposes other than medicinal use is called drug abuse.
Drugs: Drugs are chemical substances that produce physical, mental, behavioural, or
emotional changes in the user. They have some major, harmful effects which are
irreversible.
Endocrine system : It comprises of ductless endocrine glands that control body
processes and functioning of many systems by secreting chemical substances called
hormones directly into the bloodstream.
HIV: (Human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus responsible for causing the fatal
disease AIDS.
Insect hormones: Certain hormones help in metamorphosis. Metamorphosis in insects is
controlled by insect hormones.
Insulin: A hormone released by pancreas which control blood sugar levels.
Larynx: The voice box.
Menarche: It is the first menstrual flow which occurs at the onset of puberty.
Menopause: It is the stage when the menstrual flow stops in females.
Menstrual cycle: During puberty, the female reproductive system starts undergoing a
cycle of changes that repeats itself every 28-30 days. The cycle of producing and
releasing mature ova along with associated changes in the ovaries and uterus is called the
menstrual cycle.
Menstruation: If the ovum is not fertilized by the end of one cycle, the new cycle begins
with the degeneration of the thickened lining of the uterus. This is called menstruation.
Oestrogen: one of the main female sex hormone.
Ovulation: One mature ovum is released by one of the ovaries in around 28-30 days and
the process is called ovulation.
Pancreas: Pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen and is surrounded by the stomach,
liver, spleen, and small intestine.
Pituitary gland: A part of the endocrine system, secretes various hormones.
Puberty: It is the age, when a child attains sexual maturity. The changes that occur in the
human body during adolescence, mark the onset of puberty. Puberty ends when an
adolescent attains reproductive maturity.
Secondary sexual characters: The features that helps to distinguish a male and a female
individual.
Teenagers : The period covering 13-19 years of age. (also called adolescents)
Testosterone: Male sex hormone that is made in the testicles.
Thyroid Gland : It is situated in the front side of the throat and has a butterfly-like
structure.
Thyroxine: The hormone secreted by thyroid gland. It maintains the balance of all
metabolic activities and plays an important role in the growth and development.
 [Let’s Wrap up]

Adolescence

Secondary sexual Endocrine Reproductive

Hormones
characters glands health

Pituitary gland Growth hormone Balanced diet

Thyroid gland Thyroxine Maintain personal
Pancreas Insulin hygiene
Adrenal gland Adrenaline Physical exercise
Ovaries Estrogen Say no to drugs
Testes Testosterone Avoid
Hypothalamus Hormone unprotected
Pineal gland Melatonin sexual activity.
Thymus gland Thymosin

In Males In Females Menstruation

Pubic hair Pubic hair Weeping of uterus
Acne & pimples Wider region below waist (bleeding)
Deep voice Development of Menarche
Wide shoulders mammary glands Menopause (45 to 50
Height Acne and pimples on face years)
Growth of facial hair Menstruation begins
Development of sex
organs
34. An ovum contains one X chromosome.
A sperm contains one X or a Y chromosome.
A sperm can fertilize an ovum to produce two different zygotes.

a.Which chromosome does the female zygote receive from mother and father?

Mother Father

X chromosome Y chromosome

Y chromosome X chromosome

X chromosome X chromosome

Y chromosome Y chromosome

b. In which body part of a woman does a fertilized ovum gets embedded?

Uterus
c. Which of these statements is supported by the picture? Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ for the
correct response.

Is this Statement Supported by the Picture? Yes or No

The father’s sperm decides the gender of the zygote. Yes or No

The Y chromosome is shorter than the X chromosome. Yes or No

An ovum unites with two sperms at a time. Yes or No

35. Diabetes is a condition in which the blood sugar level of a person rise above
the normal level. The table shows the average range of blood sugar levels at
fasting.

Blood sugar Low blood sugar Normal blood High blood sugar
level at level sugar level level
fastings

70 mg/dL below 70 mg/dL 70-120 MG/dL above 120 mg/dL

Doctors prescribe insulin injections for patients with high blood sugar levels.
However, glucagon is injected in an emergency if the blood sugar level of
person drops too low.

a. Which of these is true about the gland secreting insulin in the human body?
i. It has no ducts. iii. It controls the function of all other glands.
ii. It is located on the skin. iv. It releases hormones that helps in growth.
b. Under what conditions of blood sugar level is glucagon likely to be injected?
i. below 60 mg/dL iii. 100–120 mg/dL
ii. 80–100 mg/dL iv. above 120 mg/dL
36. Why syringes should be disposed off carefully after use?
Because it may cause infection if reused and as the needle is sharp & pointed , it
can hurt another person if not disposed properly.
37. Which of the following is the cause of the condition shown below:
i. Lack of calcium in the bones iii. Excess of iron in the blood
ii. Lack of iodine in the diet iv. Lack of potassium in the diet

38. Under which conditions does metamorphosis takes place?

i. Females are twice the size of males
ii. Young ones look different from adults
iii. Young ones eat the same food as adults
iv. Females are bright-coloured while males
 CBQ

CASE STUDY
39. Read the below paragraph and attempt the following questions:
The period of life when the body undergoes changes leading to reproductive maturity is
called adolescence. It begins around the age of 11 and lasts up to 18 or 19 years of age.
Since this period covers the teens (13 to 19 years of age) adolescents are also called
teenagers. In girls, adolescence may begin a year or two earlier than boys but the period
of adolescence varies from person to person. The sudden increase in height is one of the
most noticeable changes during puberty. At this
time, the long bones of the arms and the legs elongate and make a person tall. Initially,
girls grow faster than boys but by about 18 years of age both reach their maximum
height. The rate of growth in height varies in different individuals. Height depends on
the genes inherited from parents. Having a well-balanced diet helps the bones, muscles
and other parts of the body get adequate nourishment for growth.
1. Adolescence begins around the age of ____.
a. 11 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14
2. The period which covers the teens of 13 to 19 years of age are also known as ____
a. adolescence b. puberty c. teenagers d. none of these
3. Do adolescence begins early in girls than boys?
a. Yes b. No
4. Height depends on the genes of ______.
a. uncles b. friends c. parents d. grand parents
5. Which is the most noticeable changes that occurs in the period of adolescence?
a. Sudden increase in height c. Menstruation
b. Hair growth in armpits d. None of these
6. The time period when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity
is called______.
a. Growth b. senescence c. development d. adolescence
 CBQ

Assertion and Reason

40. The questions given below consist of an assertion and the reason. Use the
following key to choose the appropriate answer.
a. Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is
the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b. The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c. Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
d. The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is true.

1. Assertion : Puberty is the age at which an individual becomes sexually mature.

Reason : In girls, Puberty occurs at a younger age than boys. (b )

2. Assertion : In boys, the Adam’s apple is highlighted in front of their neck.

Reason: Larynx grows more in boys than in girls. (a )

3. Assertion : Pituitary gland triggers shift of adolescence towards an adult stage by

releasing hormones.

Reason : Hormones are the chemical substances produced and secreted by the

endocrine glands. (b )

4. Assertion : Father is responsible for determining the sex of the child.

Reason : Sperms have either 22+X or 22+Y chromosomes. (b )

5. Assertion : In a frog, the tadpole stage hatches from egg and passes through various

stage to become an adult.

Reason : The hormone thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland of the frog is

essential to carry out the process of metamorphosis. (a )

6. Assertion : Stress hormone gives a lot of stress

Reason : During puberty, food containing fats and oils must be avoided. ( d )
 My Learning Milestones Stepping Succeeding

Define adolescence and puberty and explains how

hormones cause sudden changes in our body.

Describe how puberty marks the beginning of the

reproductive period.

Differentiate between male and female secondary sexual

characteristics based on their structure and functions.

Identify the sex hormones and their role in initiating

reproductive functions.

Define menstruation, menarche, and menopause and

describes the reproductive phase of life in humans.

Identify the role of male and female chromosomes in sex

determination.

With the help of a well-labelled diagram, show the

positions and describe the structure and functions of
endocrine glands in the human body.

Explain how hormones regulate metamorphosis in insects

and frogs.

Describe the importance of reproductive health.

Relate the dangers associated with drug abuse and suggest

ways to deal with them.

Teacher’s Remark:
CLASS TEST REMARK: MARKS PARENT’S SIGN

Happy learning !!!

Weeds: Some undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop, such plants are
called weeds.
Weedicides: Certain chemicals which are used to control weeds are called weedicides.
For example 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), metolachlor.
Winnowing: The separation of grain and chaff by using wind is called winnowing.

My Learning Milestones Stepping Succeeding

Define crops and agriculture and classify kharif and

rabi crops.

Define and list the seven Main agricultural practices.

Describe the steps involved in preparation of soil and

define related terms.

List and describe the different agricultural implements

used for preparation of soil.

Conduct simple investigation to segregate good seeds

from damaged seeds.

Describe the steps involved in sowing and the

implements used for it.

Define Manure and Fertilizers and explain how using

manure instead of fertilizer is better for the
environment.

Evaluate how it is better to naturally restore soil

nutrients by methods such as crop rotation and mixed
cultivation.

Teacher’s remark:

CLASS TEST REMARK: MARKS PARENT’S SIGN

Happy learning !!!

Class Test
Class Test