CHEMISTRY

SOLUTION : PRACTICE PAPER – 1

SECTION – A

Q. 1. (i) (a) 1

(ii) (b) CH3 – CH3

(iii) (b) adipic acid

(iv) (b) sec −1

(v) (b) Sucrose

(vi) (c) 36

(vii) (d) between 7 and 8

(viii) (b) polyamide

(ix) (c) 12

(x) (b) o/p directing, but ring deactivating

Q. 2. (i) Lindane
(ii) Ethanamine or Ethylamine
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Dry
(iii) CH3 – CH – Cl + 2Na + Cl – CH – CH3 CH3 – CH – CH – CH3 + 2NaCl
ether
Isopropyl 2,3-Dimethyl butane
chloride

1000 × K
(iv) ∧ =
c
(v) ∆U = Qv
(vi) The solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic
solutions.
(vii) Co-Th alloy
(viii) 6

SECTION – B

Q. 3. (i) At constant pressure, ∆ H and ∆ U are related by the equation,

∆H = ∆U + P∆V
= ∆U + P(V2 − V1)
= ∆U + PV2 − PV1
where V1 is the volume of gas phase reactants and V2 that of gas phase products.

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 1

 (ii) Assuming gaseous reactants and products to be ideal, we can apply ideal gas equation
PV = nRT
∴ PV1 = n1RT and PV2 = n2RT
where n1 and n2 are the moles of reactant and product gases respectively.

(iii) Substitution of these equations in the expression of ∆H, we write

∆H = ∆U + n2RT − n1RT

= ∆U + (n2 − n1)RT

= ∆U + ∆ ngRT

where ∆ ng is the difference between moles of gaseous products and reactants. Since,
∆H = QP and ∆U = QV, QP = QV + ∆ ngRT.

Q. 4. Glucose is prepared in the laboratory by hydrolysis of sucrose by boiling it with dilute

hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphuric acid for about two hours. On hydrolysis, sucrose gives
one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
H+, ∆
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
( Dil. HCl )
Sucrose Glucose Fructose
Hydrolysis

Alcohol is added during cooling to separate glucose and fructose since, glucose is almost
insoluble in alcohol, hence it crystallizes out first. Fructose remains in the solution as it is more
soluble than glucose.
Crystals of glucose are separated out by filtration and purified by recrystallization.

Q. 5. (i) Ethanamine is treated with Hinsberg’s reagent (benzenesulphonyl chloride) forms N-alkyl
benzenesulphonamide which dissolve in aqueous KOH solution to form a clear solution
of potassium salt and upon acidification gives insoluble N-alkyl benzenesulphonamide.

  SO2Cl + H2N – C2H5

– HCl
  SO2NHC2H5
KOH
– H 2O
Benzenesulphonyl Ethylamine N-Ethylbenzene-
chloride sulphonamide

  SO2NC2H5 K
– KCI
HCI
  SO2NHC2H5
N-Ethylbenzene-
Potassium salt (insoluble)
sulphonamide

(ii) Diethanamine is treated with benzenesulphonyl chloride forms N,N-diethylbenzene which

sulphonyl amide remains insoluble in aqueous KOH and does not dissolve in acid.

  SO2Cl + HN(C2H5)2
Benzenesulphonyl Diethanamine
– HCl
  SO2N
C2H5
C2H5
N,N-Diethylbenzenesulphonylamide
chloride

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 6. Given : 0(HCl) = 4.261 Ώ−1 m2 mol−1; 0(KCl) = 1.499 Ώ−1 m2 mol−1

0(CH2ClCOOK) = 1.132 Ώ−1 m2 mol−1; 0(CH2ClCOOH) = ?

0(CH2ClCOOH) = λ0CH2ClCOO− + λ0H+ ... (I)

λ0(CH2ClCOOK) = λ0CH2ClCOO− + λ0k+ ... (i)

0(HCl) = λ0H+ + λ0Cl− ... (ii)

0(KCl) = λ0K+ + λ0Cl− ... (iii)

Adding equations (i) and (ii) and subtracting equation (iii) we get equation (I).
∴ 0(CH2ClCOOH) = 0(CH2ClCOOK) + 0HCl − 0(KCl)

= 1.132 + 4.261 + 1.499

= 3.894 Ώ−1 m2 mol−1

Q. 7. The ionic product of water, Kw is given by,

Kw = [H3O+] × [OH−] = 1 × 10−14 at 298 K

Taking logarithm to the base 10 of both sides, we write

log10 [H3O+] + log10 [OH−] = log1010−14 = − 14

Multiplying both the sides by − 1,

− log10[H3O+] − log10 [OH−] = − 14

{ − log10[H3O +]} + { − log10[OH− ]} = 14

− log10[H3O +] = pH and − log10[OH−] = pOH

∴ pH + pOH = 14 at 298 K

 + + − −
Q. 8. H2N − (CH2)6 − NH2 + HOOC − (CH2)4 − COOH [H3N − (CH2)6 − N H3 OOC(CH2)4COO]
H 2O
Hexamethylenediamine Adipic acid Nylon salt (Hexamethylene diammonium adipate)
O O
+ + − − − 2nH2O
n[H3 N – (CH2)6 − N H3 OOC(CH2)4CO O] [ HN − (CH2)6
− − NH − C − (CH2)4 − C –]n
553 K
Nylon salt Nylon-6,6

Q. 9. Consequences of Schottky defect :

(1) Since the number of ions (cations and anions) decreases but volume remains unchanged,
the density of a substance decreases.
(2) As the number of missing cations and anions is equal, the electrical neutrality of the
compound remains same.

Q. 10. The factors on which the colour of transition metal ion depends are as follows :
(1) The presence of unpaired electrons in d-orbitals.

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 3

 (2) d → d transitions of electrons due to absorption of radiation in the visible region.
(3) Nature of groups (anions) (or ligands) linked to the metal ion in the compound or a
complex.
(4) Geometry of the complex of the metal ion.

Q. 11. Given : M = 0.2 M = 0.2 mol dm−3 = 0.2 M × 103 mol m−3;

T = 300 K; R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1

The osmotic pressure, π is given by,

π= MRT
= 0.2 × 103 × 8.314 × 300
= 4.988 × 105 × Nm−2 (or Pa)

Q. 12. (1)   Br + 2Na + Br  Dry

ether
  + 2NaBr
Bromobenzene Biphenyl

(2)   Br + 2Na + Br – CH3

Dry
ether
  CH3 + 2NaBr
Bromobenzene Toluene

Q. 13. (i) Green chemistry : Green chemistry is the use of chemistry for pollution prevention and
it designs the use of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or
generation of hazardous substances.
(ii) Sustainable development : Sustainable development is the development that meets the
needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.

Q. 14. (a) PbS(s) + 4O3(g) PbSO4(s) + 4O2(g)

(b) NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)

SECTION – C

CH3 OCrCl2OH CHO

Q. 15. (i)  + 2CrO2Cl2

CS2
 CH
OCrCl2OH H 3O
Hydrolysis
+


Toluene Benzaldehyde
Brown chromium complex

O O
C – Cl C–H

(ii)  + H2
Pd – BaSO4
 + HCl

Benzoyl chloride Benzaldehyde

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 Dry ether H 3O +
(iii) CH3 − C ≡ N + 2(H) + HCl CH3CH = NHHCl CH3CHO + NH4Cl
SnCl2
Ethanenitrile Acetaldimine hydrochloride Ethanal


Q. 16. (i) C2H5Br + C2H5ONa C2H5 − O − C2H5 + NaBr
Ethyl bromide Sodium ethoxide Diethylether
Heat
(ii) CH3 − CH2 − Br + AgCN (alc) CH3 − CH2 − NC + AgBr
Ethyl bromide Ethyl isocyanide

(iii) CH3 − CH2 − Br − KONO CH3 − CH2 − O − N = O + KBr

Ethyl bromide Ethyl nitrite

Q. 17. Molal elevation constant (Ebullioscopic constant) : It is defined as the elevation in boiling
point, produced by dissolving one mole of a solute in 1 kg (or 1000 gram) of a solvent
(i.e. 1 molal solution).
Molar mass of solute from osmotic pressure :
Consider V dm3 (litres) of a solution containing W2 mass of a solute of molar mass M2 at a
temperature T.
W2
Moles of solute, n2 = .
M2
The osmotic pressure is given by,
n2RT W2RT
π= =
V M2V
W2RT
∴ M2 =
πV
By measuring osmotic pressure of a solution, the molar mass of a solute can be calculated.

Q. 18. Working (cell reactions) :

(i) Oxidation at anode : At anode, hydrogen gas is oxidized to H2O.
2H2(g) + 4OH−(aq) 4H2O(l) + 4e− (Oxidation half reaction)

(ii) Reduction at cathode : The electrons released at anode travel to cathode through external
circuit and reduce oxygen gas to OH−.
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4e− + 4OH−(aq) (Reduction half reaction)

Applications of fuel cell :

(i) It was successfully used in space craft.
(ii) It has potential applications in automobiles, power generators for domestic and industrial
uses.

Q. 19. (i) Ionization enthalpy decreases down the group from oxygen to polonium.

(ii) Electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative down the group.

(iii) Electronegativity decreases down the group.

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 5

Q. 20. Given : Ea = 104 kJ mol−1 = 104 × 103 J mol−1; k1 = 3.7 × 10−5 s−1; T1 = 273 + 25 = 298 K

T2 = 273 + 30 = 303 K; k2 = ?
k2 Ea × (T2 − T1)
Formula : log10 = =
k1 2.303 × R × T1 × T2
Ea × (T2 − T1)
∴ log10 k2 − log10 k1 =
2.303 × R × T1 × T2
Ea × (T2 − T1)
∴ log10 k2 = log10 k1 +
2.303 × R × T1 × T2
104 × 103 × (303 − 298)
= log10 3.7 × 10−5+
2.303 × 8.314 × 298 × 303
= 5.5682 + 0.3

= −4.4318 + 0.3 = − 4.1318

∴ k2 = Antilog − 4.1318

= Antilog 5.8682

= 7.382 × 10− 5 s− 1.

Q. 21. Stephen reaction: An ethereal solution of a nitrile is reduced to imine hydrochloride by SnCl2
in the presence of HCl gas. Further, imine hydrochloride on acid hydrolysis gives aldehyde.
This reaction is called Stephen reaction.
SnCl2 / Dil. HCl H 3O +
R − C ≡ N + 2(H) R − CH = NHHCl R − CHO + NH4Cl
Alkyl nitrite Imine hydrochloride Aldehyde

Preparation of benzoic acid from phenyl ethene :

CH = CH2 COOH
 + 5(O)
KMnO4 / Dil. H2SO4
Δ
 + H2O + CO2
Phenyl ethene Benzoic acid

Q. 22. Given : ∆c H 0CH3OH = − 726 kJ mol−1; ∆f H 0CO2 = − 393 kJ mol−1;

∆f H 0H2O = − 286 kJ mol−1; ∆fH 0CH3OH = ?

Required thermochemical equation :

1
C(s) + 2H2(g) + O (g) CH3OH(l) ... (I) ∆H 01 = ?
2 2
Given equations :
−
3
CH3OH(l) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ... (II) ∆H 02
2
C (Graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g) ... (III) ∆H 03
+
1
H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l) ... (IV) ∆H04 × 2
2
+
Eq. (I) = − eq. (II) + eq. (III) + 2 eq. (IV)

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 ∴ ∆H 01 = − ∆H 02 + ∆H 03 + 2∆H 04

= − ( − 726) + ( − 393) + 2( − 286)

= 726 − 393 − 572 = − 239 kJ mol−1

∴ standard enthalpy of formation = ∆f H 0 = − 239 kJ mol−1.

Q. 23. Expression of Ostwald’s dilution law in case of a weak acid : Consider the dissociation of
a weak acid HA. Let V dm3 of a solution contain one mole of weak acid HA. Then the
1
concentration of a solution is, c = mol dm− 3. Let α be the degree of dissociation of HA.
V
HA ⇌ H+ + A−
Initial moles : 1 0 0
Moles of equilibrium : (1 − α) α α
Concentration at
equilibrium (mol dm−3) : (1 − α) α α
V V V

Applying the law of mass action to this dissociation equilibrium, we have,

[H+][A−]
Ka =
[HA]
α α
× α2
V V
∴ Ka = =
(1 − α) (1 − α)V
V
As the acid is weak, α is a very small as compared to unity, ∴ (1 − α) ≈ 1.

∴ α = efKaV ∴ α ∝ eV
2
∴ Ka = α
V

∴ α = i Ka
1
∵ c=
V c
Hydrolysis : A reaction in which cation or anion or both of ions of a salt react with water to
produce acidity or basicity or sometimes neutrality is called hydrolysis.

Q. 24. The alloys are classified into :

(i) Ferrous alloys : In ferrous alloys, atoms of other elements are distributed randomly in
crystal lattice of iron in the mixture. As the percentage of iron is more in these alloys,
they are termed as ferrous alloys.
(ii) Nonferrous alloys : These are formed by mixing atoms of transition metal other than
iron with a non-transition element.

Properties of interstitial compounds :

(1) The chemical properties of the interstitial compounds are the same as that of parent
transition metals.

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 7

 (2) They are hard and show the metallic properties like electrical and thermal conductivity,
lustre, etc.
(3) Since metal–non-metal bonds in the interstitial compounds are stronger than metal–
metal bonds in pure metals, the compounds have very high melting points, higher
than the pure metals.
(4) They have lower densities than the parent metal.
(5) The interstitial compounds containing hydrogen (i.e. hydrides of metals) are powerful
reducing agents.
(6) The compounds containing carbon, hence behaving as carbides, are chemically inert
and extremely hard like diamond.
(7) In these compounds, malleability and ductility are changed. For example steel and
cast iron. (Any two, ½ mark each)

Conc. H2SO4 HBr

Q. 25. CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − OH CH3 − CH = CH2
Propan-1-ol Propene
(A)
KOH (alc.)
CH3 − CH − CH3 CH3 − CH = CH2
Propane
Br (C)
2-Bromopropane
(B)

Q. 26. (a) Strength of the ligands : Since strong field ligands like CN−, en, etc. approach closer to
the central metal ion, it results in a large crystal field splitting and hence 0 has higher
values.
(b) Oxidation state of the metal : A metal ion with the higher positive charge draws the
ligands closer to it which results in large separation of t2g and eg set of orbitals. The
complexes involving metal ions with low oxidation state have low values of 0.
For example [ Fe(NH3)6 ]3+ has higher 0 than [Fe(NH3)6]2+.
Ionization isomerism : The phenomenon of isomerism in the metal complexes in which there
is an exchange of ions between coordination (or inner) sphere and outer sphere is known as
ionization isomerism.

SECTION – D

Q. 27. Consider the following first order reaction, A B.

The rate of the chemical reaction is given by the rate law expression as,
Rate, R = k [A]

where [A] is the concentration of the reactant A and k is the velocity constant or specific rate
of the reaction.
The instantaneous rate is given by, R = k [A] = − d [A]
dt
8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII
 − d [A] .
∴ = k dt
[A]
If [A]0 is the initial concentration of the reactant and [A]t at time t, then by integrating the
above equation,
[A]t

− s
d [A] t
= k ∫ dt
[A] 0
[A]0

[A]t
∴ − loge = kt
[A]0

[A]0
loge = kt
[A]t

1 [A]0
∴ k= loge
t [A]t
2.303 [A]0
∴ k= log10
t [A]t

This is the integrated rate equation for the first order reaction. This is also called integrated
rate law.

Application of emf series :

(i) Relative strength of oxidizing agent in terms of E°red value.
(ii) Identifying the spontaneous direction of reaction.
(iii) Calculation of E°cell.
(iv) Relative strength of reducing agent in terms of E°red value.

O (Any two applications 1 mark each.)

Structure of perchloric acid : O − Cl − OH

Q. 28. Standard enthalpy of combustion : It is defined as the enthalpy change when one mole of a
substance in the standard state undergoes complete combustion in a sufficient amount of
oxygen at constant temperature (298 K) and pressure (1 atmosphere or 1 bar).
   nthalpy of fusion (∆fusH) : The enthalpy change that accompanies the fusion of one mole
E
of a solid into a liquid at constant temperature and pressure is called enthalpy of fusion.
  Denaturation of proteins : The process by which the molecular shape of protein changes
without breaking the amide / peptide bonds that form the primary structure is called
denaturation. OR Proteins gets easily precipitated. It is an irreversible change and the process
is called denaturation of proteins.
Electronic configuration of Ni2+

28Ni = [Ar] 3d 84s2

∴ Ni+2 = [Ar] 3d 84s0

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 9

Q. 29. Given : M = 27 g mol−1; Nature of crystal = cubic unit cell;
a = 405 pm = 4.05 × 10−8 cm; ρ = 2.7 g cm−3;
Nature of unit cell = ?
n×M
Formula : ρ =
a3 × NA
ρ × a3 × NA 2.7 × (4.05 × 10−8)3 × 6.022 × 1023
∴ n= = = 3.997 ≅ 4
M 27
Hence, the nature of unit cell is face-centred cubic unit cell.
Gel : A gel is interconnected rigid network with pores of submicrometer dimensions and
polymeric chains whose average length is greater than a micrometer.
Polymer of isoprene :

H H

C−C = C−C
H CH3 H H n
Polyisoprene

Q. 30.
Compounds Hybridization Magnetic moment (μ)

[Co(NH3)6]3+ d 2sp3 zero

[Ni(CN)4]2− dsp2 zero

Action of [Link] on ethanal :

H H H H O
Dil.
CH3 − C + CH3 − C CH3 − C − C − C − H
NaOH
O O OH H
Ethanal 3-Hydroxybutanal
Action of 50% NaOH on methanal :
O O O
50% NaOH
H−C−H + H−C−H H − C − ONa + CH3OH
Methanal Sodium formate Methanol

Q. 31. (i) Ethanal to propan-2-ol

O − Mg −I
O Dry Dry
CH3 − C + CH3 − Mg − I CH3 − C − CH3 + H2O
H ether HCl
H
Ethanal Methyl magnesium iodide Complex
(Acetaldehyde) OH

CH3 − C − CH3 + HO − Mg −1

H
(Isopropyl alcohol)
Propan-2-ol

10 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

(ii) Phenol to picric acid :
OH OH
O2N NO2
 + 3HONO2
Nitric acid
Conc. H2SO4
  + 3H2O
Phenol NO2
Picric acid

(iii) Ethanol to ethoxyethane :

Conc. H2SO4
2C2H5OH C2 H5 − O − C2H5 + H2O
413 K
Ethanol Ethoxyethane
(Diethyl ether)

Structure of BrF5 :
F
F F
Br
F F

————

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 11