Starting systems
- Any jewelry or metal watches etc should be removed when working on electrical systems because it will short and
become hot quickly and cause injuries.
- always keep clear of electrical terminals when the engine is operating to prevent injury on high voltage operations
- the amount of current flowing through the coil - the number of turns(loops) in the coil determines the strength of the
magnetic coil
- the magnetic field around the conductor on one side causes it to be pulled up and on the other side causes it to be pulled
down so the whole looped conductor rotates is what causes the looped conductor to rotate
- An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through the interaction of two
magnetic fields
- the commutator continually changes the direction of current flow through the looped conductor
- the armature and the field windings create the two magnetic fields in a starter motor
- current flowing through the conductors of the armature and field windings - create magnetic fields
- the field windings and the armature are all connected in series making the starter motor series wound
- the faster the armature rotates the more back emf is produced causing reduced current flow from the battery to the starter
motor causing torque to decrease as the armature speed increases for a series wound starter motor
- the shunt coil is not connected to the armature and so not affected but any back emf meaning a field coil is ‘shunt-word’
- more torque at higher speeds is an advantage of having a compound wound motor using a shunt wound coil.
- the field magnet is a permanent magnet not an electro-magnet, that's the difference from other starter motors
- the motor would run in reverse when the battery leads where reversed on a permanent magnet starter motor
- The advantage of using a reduction type over a direct drive starter motor is greater torque with the same size motor or a
smaller motor for the same torque
- On a pre-engaged starter, disengagement of the pinion from the ring gear is caused by the movement of a forked lever
controlled by a spring
- a multi plate overrunning clutch prevents the coaxial starter motor being damaged due to being spun at high speeds when
the engine starts
- The solenoid on a pre engaged starter motor has two windings that act together the pull in winding and the hold in winding
- to prevent the vehicle from being started in gear, a neutral start switch is included in the circuit
- keyless start, remote start, stop start are ways a starting system can be operated other than a key switch
- use of scan tool or laptop with oem software is how you would access info on a starting system controlled by an ecu
- faulty or slipping drive, excessive resistance, open circuit in starter motor would cause an engine to crank and the lights
dim slightly
- hold the clutch housing then try to rotate the pinion gear in either direction, it should rotate in one direction but not in the
other is how to check if the overrunning clutch for the pinion drive of a pre engaged starter motor is working
- look for any burring or excessively worn teeth on any section of the ring gear when inspecting the flywheel for damage
- Steps to test pull in and hold in windings of a solenoid - disconnect battery and starter lead from solenoid, disconnect wire
from switch terminal on starter solenoid, connect jumper wire from solenoid starter terminal to a good earth, connect
ammeter between insulated battery cable and solenoid terminal, disconnect earth connection and ammeter should, this is
hold in aperage, the solenoid should not release. Resistance test disconnect all cabling going to the solenoid, connect an
ohmmeter between the switch terminal and the earth, this is hold in winding, connect the ohmmeter between the switch
terminal and the motor terminal, this is pull in winding.
