A communication model outlines the process of sending and receiving messages.
The “ sender ” creates the message, which is delivered through a specific “
channel ” to the “ receiver ”, who then provides “ feedback ”. “ Noise ”
represents any disruption during transmission. These models guide effective
communication by identifying key elements and potential barriers, ensuring
clear and efficient interaction with stakeholders.
Aristotle’s Communication Model
Speaker (Sender): The initiator of communication. The speaker must be
knowledgeable, credible, and skilled in persuasion.
Speech (Message): The content that the speaker conveys to the audience,
which must be structured and delivered effectively.
Audience (Receiver): The target of the message who interprets and responds to
it.
Importance: Aristotle’s model focuses on persuasion and rhetoric, emphasizing the
speaker’s responsibility to deliver the message in a way that the audience can
understand and accept. This model is especially relevant in public speaking and
political speeches.
Laswell's Communication Model
Who (Sender): The person or entity who initiates the communication.
What (Message): The information, idea, or content being conveyed.
Which Channel (Medium): The method or platform through which the message is
delivered (e.g., radio, TV, social media, speech).
To Whom (Receiver): The intended audience or recipient of the message.
With What Effect (Impact): The outcome or response triggered by the message in
the audience, which could be changes in knowledge, attitudes, or behavior.
Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model
Information Source (Sender): The originator of the message, responsible for
encoding information into a form that can be transmitted.
Transmitter (Encoder): Converts the message into signals suitable for the channel,
such as a spoken word converted into sound waves or a written message into
digital form.
Channel: The medium through which the message travels (e.g., sound waves,
phone lines, internet).
Receiver (Decoder): The recipient who interprets or decodes the transmitted
message back into a format they can understand.
Destination (Receiver): The final recipient who understands and makes sense of
the message.
Noise: Any distortion or interference (e.g., static, language barriers,
misunderstanding) that affects the clarity of the message.
Feedback: The response from the receiver back to the sender, confirming whether
the message was received as intended.
Types of Noise:
Physical nois (e.g., loud background sounds),
Psychological noise (e.g., preconceived notions, stress),
Semantic noise (e.g., unclear language, jargon).
Berlo’s Communication Model
Source (Sender): The person or entity sending the message, who acts as the
encoder.
Skills: Listening, speaking, writing, reading.
Attitude: The sender’s attitude towards the subject and the audience shapes the
message.
Knowledge: The sender’s understanding of the topic and the context is critical
for effective communication.
Social system: Values, beliefs, culture, and norms that influence how the
sender communicates.
Message: The content or information being communicated.
Content: The actual data or information included in the message.
Elements: Language, gestures, symbols used to convey the message.
Treatment: The way the message is presented (e.g., tone, style).
Structure: The organization and flow of the message.
Code: The system used to convey the message (e.g., language, signs,
symbols).
Channel: The medium through which the message is transmitted.
Senses: Sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste are the primary ways to receive
a message.
Receiver: The person or entity receiving the message, who acts as the decoder.
Skills, attitude, knowledge, and social system mirror those of the sender for
effective communication.
