APPLICATION OF
BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
GROUP “A”
Derivation of bernoulli’s principle: (905)
Figure:
Consider a pipe with varying diameter and height through which an
incompressible fluid is flowing. The relationship between the areas of
cross-sections A, the flow speed v, height from the ground y, and pressure p at
two different points 1 and 2 are given in the figure above.
Assumption:
1. The density of the incompressible fluid remains constant at both points.
2. The energy of the fluid is conserved as there are no viscous forces in the
fluid.
Therefore the work done on the fluid is given as:
Sangye dai ko part choyo ki maryo
BERNOULLI’S THEOREM IN LIFT
Airflow Speed Difference: According to Bernoulli’s theorem, faster airflow
over the curved upper surface of the wing creates lower pressure, while
slower airflow under the wing maintains higher pressure.
Pressure Difference: The pressure difference between the upper and lower
surfaces of the wing generates an upward force called lift.
Lift Generation: The higher pressure below the wing pushes the aircraft
upward, allowing it to fly.
COANDA EFFECT(sangye
)
The Coandă effect in an airfoil explains how airflow follows the
curved surface of the wing, contributing to lift generation.
1. Adhesion of Airflow: When air moves over an airfoil, it
tends to stick to the curved surface instead of separating, due
to viscosity and pressure differences.
2. Downward Deflection: The airflow is redirected downward
as it follows the airfoil’s curvature, creating a reaction force
that pushes the wing upward (Newton’s Third Law).
3. Enhanced Lift: This downward deflection combines with
Bernoulli’s principle, increasing the pressure difference and
improving lift efficiency.
Siphoning effect and Pythagorean Cup: (Samir
Acharya)
The siphoning effect refers to the
process by which a liquid is
transferred from one container to
another, typically at a lower
elevation, through a tube or pipe.
The liquid flows due to differences in
pressure and gravitational potential
energy, without the need for external
pumping.
Its working can be explained through Bernoulli’s
Principle. A tube is submerged into a liquid in one
container, and the other end of the tube is placed in a
second container at a lower level. The tube must be
filled with liquid to remove air, usually by priming
(e.g., sucking or using a pump). When the siphon is
primed, the liquid is pulled downward by gravity in the
longer segment of the tube. This creates a
low-pressure zone at the highest point of the siphon (as
the velocity of the fluid increases). The pressure
difference is equalized by the atmospheric pressure
which acts on the liquid in the upper container.
A direct application of this effect has been
observed even in the 6th century B.C. by
Pythagoras. A practical joke device called
Pythagorean Cup, or Greedy Cup, or also
known as Cup of Justice was made in the form
of a drinking cup whereby if the cup would be
filled beyond a specific point, the siphoning effect
would cause the cup to drain its entire contents
through the base. The cup has been used to
make statements about greed.
SAPHAL
VENTURIMETER
Venturi meter is a device used to measure the rate of flow of water
through a pipe. This application is observed in a Venturi pipe, where
a section of pipe with larger area A1 proceeds to become constricted
into smaller area A2 later on. This mechanism works on the basis of
continuity principle and the Bernoulli's principle.
For the Venturi meter, we take a venturi pipe, and a manometer is
connected to the Venturi meter to measure the pressure difference
between the 2 points of the pipe. The manometer is connected in a
wider and narrow point in the Venturi Pipe. As shown in the figure
beside:
VENTURIMETER
As the water flows from cross section A1 with larger cross-sectional area to A2 with a lower cross area, from
the equation of continuity the velocity of the water flowing also changes, which causes the pressure difference
among the 2 points. This pressure difference causes there to be a difference in the capillary rise in the
manometer and this difference in rise is used to calculate the rate of flow of water in the pipe.
Applying Bernoulli’s Principle on the given Venturi pipe;
Since the pipe is placed horizontally, h1=h2.
VENTURIMETER
Taking, we have
Putting this value in the above equation, we have,
Now, we apply the continuity equation on the venturi meter;
VENTURIMETER
Using this value of v1 in the previous equation, we have,
VENTURIMETER
Now, we have, rate of volumetric flow(Q) can be calculated as;
This value of Q is known as the theoretical discharge. To calculate the actual discharge, we multiply it by
Coefficient of discharge.
SPRAYING BOTTLES AND ATOMIZERS
(Sangya)
Airflow Through the Nozzle:
When the plunger is pressed, air moves rapidly through
the horizontal tube (B). This fast-moving air has a lower
pressure (p2) compared to the surrounding atmospheric
pressure.
Pressure Difference and Liquid Uplift:
The liquid in the container is initially at atmospheric
pressure (p1). Since the fast-moving air above creates a
region of lower pressure, the higher pressure in the liquid
container pushes the liquid up through tube A.
Formation of Spray:
Once the liquid reaches the nozzle, the fast-moving air
breaks it into tiny droplets, creating a fine mist or spray.
Bernoulli's Principle in Chimney
In chimneys, Bernoulli's principle helps improve the flow of smoke and hot air out
of the chimney. The working mechanism is as follows:
Air Movement and Pressure Difference:
When wind blows across the top of a chimney, the speed of air increases at the
opening.
According to Bernoulli's principle, as the airspeed increases, the pressure at the top
of the chimney decreases.
Hot Air Rising:
Inside the chimney, hot air rises due to convection (hot air is less dense than cold
air).
The pressure difference between the low-pressure area at the top and the relatively
higher pressure inside the chimney enhances the upward flow of smoke and hot
gases.
Efficient Ventilation:This pressure differences ensures that smoke is drawn out of
the chimney efficiently, preventing it from staying inside the room or house
The Science of Swing Bowling
Swing bowling works by manipulating airflow over the cricket ball.
When one side of the ball is smooth and the other is rough, air moves
faster over the smooth side and slower over the rough side, creating a
pressure difference. This causes the ball to swing toward the rougher
side. Conventional swing happens when the ball is relatively new,
making it move unexpectedly. The bowler controls this using seam
position, wrist action, and speed.
Adding top spin makes the ball dip vertically instead of swinging
sideways. This happens due to the Magnus effect, where air pressure
is lower above the ball and higher below, forcing it downward.
Bowlers use top spin for deliveries like off-cutters and leg-cutters to
make the ball drop suddenly after pitching. By combining swing and
spin, bowlers can make the ball unpredictable and difficult for
batsmen to play.
Bernouli’s principal in Bunsen burner. Samarpan
part
Conclusion
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