of of heir lower

isthe movement to a region 6onesntsn

Athetransot higher ooncentraion
fom areglon oftheir of bigher concentroion
moleles to a relon
lower concenttalion
A
of

8atolesfoma eglon
eeyy tOmrespatlon, muscle in the bladder.
of a aphincter lo a more concetrated
C urine by relaxaton membrane from a more dilute

a partialy permeable
Dwaterthrough

the movement of molecules,

an experimentto demonstrate
2 The diagram shows

inverted thistle

funnel
red ink solution

beaker of water

permeable membràne attached to funnel

After one hour, the water in the beaker turned red.

What is the most likely reason for this colour change?

A) Molecules of red ink move through the membrane by diffusion.

B Molecules of red ink move through the membrane by osmosis.

C Molecules of water move through the membrane by diffusion.

D Molecules of water move through the membrane by osmosis.

3 Why does oxygen diffuse into the blood from an alveolusin the lungs?

A The oxygen concentration in the alveolusis greaterthan the carbon dioxide concentration in
the blood.

B The oxygen concentration in the alveolusis greaterthan in the blood.

C The oxygen concentration in the blood is greaterthan in the alveolus.

D The oxygen concentration in the blood is greaterthan the carbon dioxide concentration in the
alveolus.
 síde of a partialy permeable
4 The diagram shows water and sugar molecules on either

membrane.

partially permeable membrane

key
Joo O sugar molecule
X o water molecule

What happens during osmosis?

More sugar molecules pass through the membrane from X to Y than from Y to X
A
membrane from Y to X than from X to Y.
B More sugar molecules pass through the

C More water molecules pass through the membrane from X to Y than from Y to X

(DMore water molecules pass through the membrane from Y to X than from X to Y.

5 Ajar of air was placed upside down on top of a jar containing a brown gas as showm.

air

airand
brown gas

brown gas

at start after one hour

Which process has taken place?

A)diffusion both upwards and downwards

B diffusion downwards only

C diffusion upwards only

D diffusion and osmosis

 plants aresupported?
young
describes how the cell membranes
6 Which statement outwards on
the cellspressing
water inside
A the pressure
of
on the cell walls
the cells pressing outwards
of water inside
(B the pressure the phloem
roots through
water passing from the
of
C thepressure
through the xylem
from the roots
passing
D thepressureof water
mid
of blue ink is injected into the
A drop
clear jelly.
a test-tube containing
7 The diagram shows
of the jelly.

clear jelly

drop of blue ink

The blue colour of the ink spreads throughoutthe jelly.

By which process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?
A active transport

catalysis

(C)diffusion
D Osmosis

-
8 Which diagram shows the changes in appearance of a plant cell when it remains in a
concentrated sugar solution for thirty minutes?

B
 elasmolysis
igqer Smelle/

9 The diagram shows a fish in

-- a pond.
O2
high o1

weler

Why does oxygen diffus from the air into the water before reaching the fish?

(AOxygen is more concentrated in the air than in the water.

B Oxygen is more concentrated in the water than in the air.

C Oxygen is needed by the fish for aerobic respiration.

D Oxygen is needed by the fish for anaerobic respiration.

10 Which structure provides the best surface for diffusion?

A atrium heart

B bronchioles

C)ileum Cmall intesHne

D trachea
 a plant cell.
11 The diagram shows

water for 30 minutes?

of this cell after it has been placed in pure
What is the appearance
B
A

12 A student cuts out four pieces of carrot root of equal size. The pieces are treated as shown in the
diagram, and then left for two hours.

After two hours, which piece of carrot will be the smallest?

A B D

Sugar water sugar water

solution
solution

boiled carrot boiled carrot fresh carrot fresh carrot

No osmosis
 an experiient
under he miero80epe at he start of
13 The diagrama ahow how a cell appeare ofsatta forh minutea
and after ithas been placed
ina dilute soutien

after placing in a
start of the
hyetune dilute oluien of salte
hule
eNperiment

Which statement explains what happena?

A Dissolved salts enter the cell by diffualon.

Dissolved salts leave the cell by diffuaion,

CNater entersthe cell by osmoaia,

D Water leeaves the cell by osmosis,

14 The diagram represents the molecules in two aolutionan either alde ofa fully)permeable
membrane,

Key
O solute molecules

O water molecules

permeable membrane
fully
ffien
In which directions are the net movements of the moleculea?

solutemolecules water molecules

A left to right left to right

left to right right to left

Solute
right to left left to right

right to left right to left

 cell?
in and out of a mesophyll
dioxide and oxygen move
15 How do carbon

A active transport

Bdiffusion

C respiration

D transpiration
waeruar

membrane?
and through which type of
16 During osmosis,which molecules move

molecules type of
moving membrane

A OXygen partially permeable

B Oxygen permeable

water partially permeable

D water permeable

17 Which process in humans does not use energy released from respiration?

A cell division

diffusion of oxygen

C muscle contraction

D protein synthesis

18 Which statementsare correct for both diffusion and osmosis?

involves movement molecules move from higher

requires energy
of water only from the cell concentrationto lower
concentration
A
B

D
 shootand the same shoot six hours later.
19 The diagram shows a plant

wever

shoot same shoot six hours later

plant

could cause this change in the shoot?

Which change in environmental conditions

A a decrease in available water

B a decrease in light intensity

C a decrease in wind speed

D an increase in humidity

osmosis in living cells.

20 The diagram shows an experiment set up to investigate

water.
potato
(X)

glass dish
concentrated

Sugar solution

water (X) and sugar solution (Y) atter 12 hours?

What happens to the volumes of

volume of water (X) volume of sugar solution (Y)

decreases increases

increases
B increases

C increases remains the same

D remains the same decreases

 osmosis. Whic
can be used to demonstraté
which
21 The diagram shows apparatus 2 23
glass tube
-

liquid
level

concentrated
very concentrated water sucrose solution
Sucrosesolution

partially

permeable membrane

After one hour, what would happen to the liquid levels in the glass tubes?

level in tube 1 level in lube 2

A falls falls

falls rises

C rises falls

D rises
rises

22 By which process does oxygen pass

out of a leaf?

A diffusion

B osmosis

C translocation

D transpiration
23 Which
characteristics are correct for both osmosis and diffusion?

are energy
requirea partially requirea
Consuming proCes ses
permeable membrane concentrationgradient

A
B

the blood?
24 How does oxygen move from the alveoli into

(A by diffusion

B by evaporation

C by osmosis

D by transpiration

25 Which process occurs by osmosis?

absorbingmineral ions from the

soil
A plant roots

B the soil
plant roots absorbing water from

the small intestine absorbing fatty acids into the blood

C
D the small intestine absorbing glucose into the blood

26 Red blood cells were placed in a dilute solution.

Movement of water across the cell membrane caused a change in their appearance.

lolower
What explainsthis movement? hiqher
Viom
dreciad ban tigher t kower bom owe t haher
walet ravernenl waler paleral walsr pal

C
 The diagram shows a cell
27

Which typeof cell does the disgramshoW?

A an animal cell in a concerntrated solution of salts

B an animal cell in pure water

a plarnt call in a concentrated solution of salts

D a plant cell in purewater

28 Two identical cylinders, 40mm long,ars cut frorn a potato. One (W) is placed in water and the
other (X) is placed in a concentrated sugar solution.

What are the lengths of the cylinders after two hours?

lnryti of eyindee in

42
42
38
 up a glass tube. The glass
movement of concentrated sugar solution
29 The diagram shows the a

a hollowed-out carrot.
tube is connected firmly to
after 2 hours
at the start

glasstube

watertight seal
carrot.

concentrated
sugar solution

dilute
-Sugar solution

at the start after two hours

Why does the sugar solution in the glasstube rise?

tissue into the glass tube.

A Sugar molecules move across the carrot
B Sugar molecules move across the carrot tissue into the beaker.

the glass tube.

Water molecules move across the carrot tissue into

D carrot tissue into the beaker.

Water molecules move across the

30 A plant absorbs water and oxygen into its roots.

How are these substances absorbed?

Cxygeti

A rarspraton

arsrait
aspraLn arspraton
 The

8
33

after it has been placedin a

a plant cell several minutes
of
the appearance
31 Which diagram shows
solution of sugar?
concentrated B

D
C

diagramsshow an experiment when set up and

the sameexperiment two hours later.
32 The

when set up two hours later

partially

permeable
membrane
dye has
moved
Concentrated
into this
Sugar solution pure
side
coloured with dye water

What explains the movement of water and dye?

movement of water movement of dye

A diffusion Osmosis

B osmosis diffusion

C osmosis translocation

D translocation diffusion
in
a 33 The diagram
represents two liquids, which osmosis can ocCur.
separated by a membrane through

membrane
left

key

O molecule of water

molecule of
dissolved sustance

What movement of molecules occur?

wil
A Molecules of dissolved substance move from left to right.

B Molecules of dissolved substance move from right to left.

C)Overall, water molecules move from left to right.

D Overall, water molecules move from right to left.

34 The scent from a bunch of flowers spreads throughout a room.

Howdoes the scent spread?

A by conduction

B) by diffusion
C by osmosis

D by transpiration
 an experiment keptat room temperature.
35 The diagram shows

test-tube
tubing containing
starch,protease,
protein and simple distilled water
sugars

Cineqcs membrane permeable

to smallmolecules only
Sgar
S mele

What is present in the water surrounding the membrane after 45 minutes?

A amino acidsand simplesugars

B protein and amino acids

C protein and simplesugars

D starch and simplesugars

36 Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water molecules

down their concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane.

B down their concentration gradient through a permeable membrane.
C up their concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane.
D up their concentration gradient through a permeable membrane.

37 The diagram shows part of a section through a leaf.

Which arrow shows the direction of movement of water by osmosis ina leaf?

leaf cells:
38 Which structures mustbe present in a cell for osmoals io lake place7
A cell (sap)vacuole and cell wall
B cell wall and cell membrane
C chloroplast and cytoplasm
Dcytoplasm and cell membrane

39 A frog's skin is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxlde

When a frog is swimming in pond water, in which directions will oxygen and eaben
diffuse? dioxide

from the frog's skin from the water into

into the water the frog's skin

A carbon dioxide
OXygen
B carbon dioxide and oxygen
C Oxygen Carbon dioxide

D carbondioxide and oxygen

40 The diagram shows a fetus attached by the placenta tothe uterus wall of the mother

fetua

placenta

uterua wall

By which process do all substances

pass between the fetus and the mother in the placenta?
diffusion

B nutrition

C osmosis

D respiration
 41 What happens in osmosis? gradient
concentration
their
A movement of solute
molecules aggainst
gradient

down their concentration

B movement of solute molecules
gradient
concentration
C movement of water molecules against their
gradient
their concentration
movement of water molecules down
a
strip is placed in
boiled potato
A peeled,
42 potatoes destroys their
Boiling cell membranes.
concentrated solution of salts.

solution
concentrated
of salts
boiled potato strip

What takes place?

solute
Osmosis
diffusion

A key:
B V=takesplace
C= does not take place

43 A red blood cell is placed in a concentrated sugar solution.

What happens and why?

A The cell bursts as sugar molecules diffuse into it.

B The cell bursts because the concentrated sugar solution enters it.

The cell shrinks because sugar molecules leave

it.
The cell shrinks because water leaves
it.
44 The diagran
showstwo
solutions that permeable mernbrane.
are separated by a partially

partially permeable
membrane

dilute Concentrated
solution solution
of of
Sucrose SUcrose

inwhich direction will most watermoleculesmove in relation to their concentration gradient?

A fron X to Y againsttheir concentration gradient

Bfram X to Y down their concentration gradient
C fromY to X against their concentration gradient

D framY to X down their concentration gradient

45 On a dry, sunny day, how does water vapour move through the stomata of a leaf?

A into the leaf by diffusion

into the leaf by asrnosis

(C)outof the leaf by diffusion

outofthe leaf by osmosis

46 The diagram showsan experimentusing a potato.

Concentrated
sugarsolution

fresh potato

water

Which shows the result of the experimentafter 24 hours?

A B D
 of anexperiment.
beginning
nfour tubes at the
of agas
molecules direction?
represent in the opposite
47 The dots to Y than
movefrom X
molecules
Inwhich tube will more

48 An experimenton diffusionwas set up as shown in the diagram.

partially

mixture of protein permeable

solution and membrane
protease

enzy me
Prulein
digest
water at 37°C

What was found in the water after 15 minutes?

A amino acids

B fatty acids

C glucose

D glycerol
49 A student investigated
osmosis in potatoes. He set up the apparatus
shown.

potato cylinder
P potato cylinder

Scales

distilled very concentrated

water sugar solution

At the beginning the potato cylinders were exactly balanced. He immersed the cylinders into the
liquids for 4 hours, after which the cylinders were lifted out of the liquids. Cylinder P was now
heavierthan cylinder Q.

Which statement explains what happened?

A Water moved into both cylinders.

B Water moved out of both cylinders.

Water moved into the cylinder in the distilled water and out of the cylinder in the sugar
solution.

D Water moved out of the cylinder in the distilled water and into he cylinder in the sugar
solution.

50 An experiment is setup as shown.

membrane permeable
to iodine molecules

mixture of
starch and water

iodine solution

What is the colour of the starch and water mixture after 30 minutes?
A) blue-black stach
g blue
B blmCk
orange
C white

D yellow-brown
wn
6fo
 1, Define the term osmosis

of waler moleculeS.o
Net muuement

waler olencial. [Link]...high...it.

actoss
PolenHal o low wlet pulenhal

eelmealle megbleyne
tachally

2. Using the termwater potential, explain why the onions:

gained mass whensoaked in dilute solutions of sodiurn chloride

down he waet polenla gadient tom high aler

(n he onion a CloSS...[Link]..malsn.E...

lost mass whensoaked in concentrated solutions of sodiurn chloride.

[Link]...hs..aRMAsia...[Link]...[Link]._hiah.
cler tolental n sias theorion owwear pokenhal

cmalANS.
[4]

achue MenGpor
heir
of patheles 4gaingt
o an qtea wnh higher cg
low Cunr q

erobic fespifahor
eneigy fron
Potein 4sing
Catier
Catier
thogh
3. (i) State two features of diffusion that do not apply to activetransport

1 Diffusion is passive way of transport Or paruees (need no energy)

2Difusion: movement down concentration gradient

121

(Ü) Explain how roots are adapted to absorb ions.

large [Link], [Link].

more diffusion

"lots omitochondria for aerobic respiration toprovide energy.

for Active uapot

.[2

(ii) State three factorsthat influence the movement of molecules through membranes,

1...Temperature.
Surface Area
2
[Link] of particles

[3