BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD 2020

Department of Life Sciences

Syllabus for

Master of Science in Life Sciences

Under Choice Based Credit System

Academic Session:

w.e.f 2020-2022

For

All Constituent/ Affiliated Colleges Under

Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad

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 BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD 2020
Department of Life Sciences

Members of Board of Studies of CBCS Post Graduate Syllabus as per Guidelines of Binod
Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad.

1. Chairman

2. External Expert Members

3. Members

4. Invited Members

5. ……………………………

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 BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD 2020
Department of Life Sciences

CONTENTS
Sl. No. Topic/Title Page No.
1 Course Structure 4-6
2 Semester I 7-13
3 Semester II 14-18
4 Semester III 19-25
5 Semester IV 26-39
6 Open Elective 40-42

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Department of Life Sciences

COURSE STRUCTURE

Semester wise Course/ Examination structure for Science faculty

Semester Paper Code Credits Lectures + Full End Mid Semester

&name L-T-P Tutorials** Marks Semester (Internal)
Marks Marks*
I LSC-F-101 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30
Tools and Tutorials
techniques in
Life Sciences
LSC-C-102 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30
Biochemistry Tutorials
and Metabolism
LSC-C-103 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30
Cell and Tutorials
Molecular
biology
LSC-C/P-104 0-0-5 75 Lectures 100 70 30
Practical based
on 101,102
&103
II LSC-S-205 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30
Immunology Tutorials

LSC-C-206 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30

Genetics Tutorials

LSC-C-207 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30

Microbiology Tutorials

LSC-C/P-208 0-0-5 75 Lectures 100 70 30

Practical based
on 205,206,207
III LSC-A-309 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30
Bioinformatics Tutorials
& Biostatistics

LSC-C-310 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30

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Department of Life Sciences

System Tutorials
Physiology

LSC-C-311 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30

Developmental Tutorials
Biology
LSC-C/P- 312 0-0-5 75 Lectures 100 70 30
Practicals based
on 309,310,311

IV LSC-E-413A 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30

Animal Tutorials
Biotechnology
General
or
LSC-E-413B
Plant
Biotechnology
General
or
LSC-E-413C
Industrial
Biotechnology
LSC-E-414A 3-2-0 45 lectures+ 30 100 70 30
Applied Animal Tutorials
Biotechnology
or
LSC-E-414B
Applied Plant
Biotechnology
or
LSC-E-414C
Bioprocess
Technology

LSC-E/P-415A/ 0-0-5 75 lectures 100 70 30

LSC-E/P-415B/
LSC-E/P-415C
Practicals based
on A/B/C

LSC-D-416*** 0-0-5 75 Lectures 100 70 30

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Department of Life Sciences

A/B/C

* Written 20 marks + Day to Day assignments include extracurricular activities carrying 5

marks+ Attendance carrying 5 marks

** Tutorials in the form of Flipped classroom, Self-study etc.

*** Elective options and dissertation topics (student wise) shall be distributed at the
commencement of Semester III. Dissertation work shall be carried out in house. However, Lab
Visits or short visit to nearby Institute or Laboratory shall be arranged for exposure purpose.

• Introduction, literature survey and references part shall be completed in Semester III
itself.
• Material and methods, theoretical analyses, result and discussion shall be completed in
Semester IV.

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Department of Life Sciences

Semester I
LSC –F-101 TOOLS & TECHNIQUES IN LIFE SCIENCES credit 3-2-0
Unit 1: Lectures 11
1.1. Spectrometry: Laws of photometry, Beer Lambert’s law, Concepts of spectroscopy, Visible
and UV spectroscopy
1.2. Mass Spectroscopy, Advanced spectroscopic techniques viz. ICPMS, AAS. Circular
dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy.
1.3. Structure determination of biomolecules using X-ray crystallography.
1.4. Chromatography – Dialysis, Principles of partition chromatography, paper, thin layer, ion
exchange and affinity chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, HPLC and FPLC
Unit 2: (Lectures 10)
2.1 Principles and application of centrifugation-Concepts of RCF
2.2 Differential and density gradient centrifugation, analytical ultra-centrifugation,
2.3 Determination of molecular weights and other applications, subcellular fractionation
Unit 3: (Lectures 11)
3.1 Electrophoretic techniques – Principles of electrophoretic separation.
3.2 Continuous, zonal and capillary electrophoresis
3.3 Different types of electrophoresis: native, agarose and SDS-PAGE. Pulse field gel
electrophoresis, EMSA
Unit 4: (Lectures 13)
[Link] Biology techniques- Hybridization and blotting (Northern, Southern and
Weatern), PCR, RT-PCR, Real time PCR, DNA chip, Mircoarray, RNA seq.
4.2. Molecular markers, sequencing - classical Next Generation Sequencing.

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Department of Life Sciences

4.3. Microscopy, flow Cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules

in living cells, in situ localization by techniques; FISH and GISH.
Text Book (s):
1. Principles of Biochemistry and molecular biology by K. Wilson and J. Walker,
Cambridge University Press. Current edition.
2. Biophysical Chemistry Principles and Techniques,
AvinashUpadhyay & KakoliUpadhyay & NirmalenduNath, Current edition

Reference Book (s)

1. 1. Principles of Instrumental analysis by D. A. Skoog and J. J. Leary, Saunders
College Publishing, Philadelphia. Current edition

[Link] (Sambrook and Russel)

3. Life Science in Tools & Techniques (BisenPrakash S.)
4. Biological Tools & Techniques (A textbook for UG/PG students of Life Sciences) Edition:
First, Publisher: Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, ISBN: 978-93-272-7560-5AnantaSwargiary
5. Biophysics: Tools and Techniques 1st Edition by Mark C. Leake

LSC –C-102 BIOCHEMISTRY & METABOLISM credit 3-2-0

Unit 1: Lectures 8
Bioenergetics
1.1. Thermodynamics - Mathematical description of thermodynamic functions, first, second and
the third law.
1.2. Isothermal Process, entropy, enthalpy, reversible and irreversible processes free energy and
chemical potential, Gibbs free energy, coupled reactions.
13. The Nernst potential, Donnan equilibrium.

Unit 2: (Lectures 8)
Chemistry of Biomolecules

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Department of Life Sciences

[Link] and properties of Biomolecules

[Link]: Structure and biological function
[Link]: Structure and biological function
2.4. Lipids: Structure and function
2.5. DNA Structure and Properties

Unit 3: (Lectures 14)

Metabolism
3.1. Glycogen metabolism, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway.
3.2. ATP cycle: glycolysis, Anapleurotic reactions: TCA cycle, oxidative versus photo
phosphorylation and regulation of ATP production
3.3. β-Oxidation and energetics of fatty acid.
3.4. Protein metabolism: Protein turnover, amino acid pool, digestion of dietary proteins,
transamination, deamination.

Unit 4: (Lectures 15)

Enzymes and enzyme kinetics
4.1. Classification of Enzymes, Kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation, L-B plot, Regulation of
enzyme activity, binding site and active site, Factors affecting the rate of enzymatic reaction.
4.2. Enzyme kinetics for mono- and bi-substrate reactions, Inhibitions –competitive,
uncompetitive mixed and noncompetitive type
4.3. Allosteric regulation, covalent modifications, Isozymes, ribozymes, abzymes. Enzyme
inhibition and Mechanisms of inhibitors action, Hill and Scatchard plots, regulation by covalent
modification (like phosphorylation), regulation by proteolytic cleavage of protein, zymogens
with example

Text Book (s):

1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Publisher: W. H.
Freeman
2. Herpers Review of Biochemistry, current edition

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Department of Life Sciences

Reference Books:
1. Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Publisher: Wiley; current edition
2. Biochemistry, L. Stryer, W.H. Freeman, current edition
3. Biochemistry, J. David Rawan, Neil Patterson, current edition.
4. Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, current edition.
5. Plant Biochemistry, Boochanan, Oxford University Press, current edition
LSC-C-103 CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY credit 3-2-0

Unit 1: (Lectures 08)

1.1. Basic concept of structure and function of Cell organelles (mitochondria,
chloroplast,lysosome, Golgi apparatus.
[Link] of plasma membrane, transport across the membrane
[Link] signaling, Signaling molecules; G- protein coupled receptor, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase,
Cytokine receptors; Pathways of Intracellular Signal Transduction
1.4. Protein targeting; to mitochondria, nucleus, peroxisome and secretory pathway (endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome)
Unit 2: (Lectures 07)
2.1. Cell Cycle, Molecular mechanisms of Checkpoint regulation. Apoptosis
2.2. Phenotypic characters of a cancer cell; Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor, Chromosome
heterogeneity, micro satellite instability
2.3. Epigenetic basis of cancer
Unit 3: (Lectures 15)
3.1. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome, Chromatin organization and packaging
3.2. DNA reassociation kinetics (Cot curve analysis); Repetitive and unique sequences; Satellite
DNA; DNA melting and buoyant density
3.3. Nucleosome phasing; DNase I hypersensitive regions; DNA methylation, Telomeres and
telomerase, DNA topology, Knots and links, Linking number, Writhing and twisting, DNA
supercoiling.
Unit 4: (Lectures 15)

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Department of Life Sciences

4.1. Prokaryotic DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation.

4.2. DNA Replication: Models of Replication, Origin of replication, DNA polymerases, DNA
topology, DNA damage and repair.
[Link]: RNA-polymerases, RNA processing, regulation, posttranscriptional control
and degeneration, gene silencing.
[Link]: Structure of Ribosome, tRNA and mRNA, protein synthesis and regulation in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes, protein sorting, signal peptides.

. Text Book (s):

1. Cell Biology : An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell, B. Alberts, D. Bray, A.
Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Roff, K. Robert, P. Walter and K. Roberts, Garland Publishing
Company, Current edition .
2. Cell and Molecular Biology, DeRobertis, B .I. Publication Pvt. Ltd, Current edition .
3. .Molecular Cell Biology, H. Lodish, [Link], S.L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaura, D. Baltimore
and J. Danell, W.H. Freeman and Company, Current edition.
4. Principles of Cancer Biology: International Edition; Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Pearson Higher
Education, Current edition.
5. Cancer Stem Cells: Identification and Targets, Sharmila A. Bapat, Wiley, Current edition.
6. Cancer immunotherapy: immune suppression and tumor growth , George C. Prendergast
and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Academic Press, Current edition.
7. Structure and Function in Cell Signalling by John NeLSon, Wiley.
8. B. Lewin, Genes , Publisher: Prentice Hall, Current edition.
9. B.D. Singh, Biotechnology by Kalyani Publishers, Current edition.
10. R. C. Dubey, A text book of Biotechnology by S. Chand and Co., India
11. J. K. Pal and S. S. Ghaskadbi, Fundamentals of molecular biology by Oxford University
Press, Current edition.
12. L. Stryer, Biochemistry , Current edition
13. S. Cummings, Current Perspectives in Genetics: Insights and Applications in Molecular,
Classical, and Human Genetics, Publisher: Brooks Cole, Current edition.

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Department of Life Sciences

LSC-C/P-104 Practical Paper Credits 0-0-5

Based on LSC-F-101, LSC-C-102 and LSC-C-103

Tools and techniques in Life Sciences

1. Perform agarose gel electrophoresis and PAGE.

2. Perform Paper Chromatography & Thin Layer Chromatography.
3. Perform spectroscopic estimation of protein and DNA
4. Demonstration of PCR
5. Preparation of different microscopic slides and visualization of the same under
microscope.

Biochemistry & Metabolism

1. Estimation of blood glucose, detection of serum- (i) urea, (ii) uric acid, (iii) creatinine, (iv)
creatine
2. Blood grouping (ABO – Rh)
4. Estimation of Hb concentration, total W.B.C and R.B.C count in blood
5. Determination of lipid, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL and triglycerides
6. Enzymology – purification of enzyme & its kinetics
7. Study of the cell – (i) Cell culture, lymphocyte isolation & culture, growth rate studies,
8. Quantitative assays – (i) Enzyme assays (ii) ELISA
9. Determination of CMC of biological surfactants.

Cell and molecular biology

2. To observe vacuole, chloroplast and calcium oxalate in plant cell.

3. To observe epithelial cells, nerve cells, shape and number of nuclei in animal and protozoan
cell.
4. To observe plasmolysis and deplasmolysis in plant cell
5. To observe mitosis and meiosis in plant cell

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Department of Life Sciences

6. Study of permanent slides

7. To observe chemotaxis and oxygenotaxis in ciliates

Format for Practical Question Paper

Time: 6 hours F.M : 70

Q. 1. Perform one experiment from LSC-F-101 12
Q. 2. Perform one experiment from LSC-C-102 12
Q. 3. Perform one experiment from LSC-C-103 12
Q.4. Spotting 10
Q.5. Model/Presentation display 10
Q.6. Practical records 07
Q.7. Viva-voce 07
TOTAL 70

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Department of Life Sciences

Semester II
LSC –S-205 IMMUNOLOGY credit 3-2-0
Unit 1: (Lectures 10)
1.1 Introduction to Cellular and Molecular immunology: Innate immune response, adaptive
immune response.
1.2 Structure and isotypes of antibodies, generation of antibody diversity
1.3 Characteristics of antigens
1.4 MHC molecules and Antigen processing and presentation, MHC typing
Unit 2: (Lectures 12)
[Link] antibody interaction, Advanced Immunological techniques: FACS,
Immunofluorescence, Immunoblotting, ELISA
[Link] and survival of lymphocytes in bone marrow and thymus, Positive and
negative selection of lymphocytes
[Link] and T Cell-Mediated Immunity, Macrophage activation by armed CD4 TH1 cells
2.4. Complement system

Unit 3: (Lectures 11)

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Department of Life Sciences

3.1. Vaccine strategies, Course of adaptive response against infection.

3.2. Mucosal immune system, Immunological memory; Failures of Host Defense Mechanisms
3.3 Inherited immunodeficiency diseases, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Unit 4: (Lectures 12)
4.1. Hypersensitivity: Gell and Coombs classification, Effecter mechanisms in allergic reactions
and IgE, Hypersensitivity diseases
4.2. Transplantation; Mechanisms of graft rejection; Foetus as an allograft and survival of foetus
against maternal graft rejection mechanisms.
4.3. Autoimmunity- Overview, Organ specific and systemic autoimmune diseases

Text Book (s):

1. Richard A. Golds by, Thomas J. Kindt and Barbara A. Osborne, Kuby Immunology I. K.
International Pvt Ltd, Current edition.
2. Delves, Martin, Burton &Roitt, Suggested Immunology, Current edition.

Reference:
1. Janeway, Travers, Walport, and Shlomchik, Immunobiology, the immune system in health and
disease, Garland Science Publishing, Current edition.
2. L. M. Sompayrac, How the Immune System Works, Wiley-Blackwell; Current edition.
3. Cellular and molecular immunology, Current edition, Abbas, Litchman and Pillai

LSC-C-206 GENETICS credit 3-2-0

Unit 1: (Lectures 10)
1.1. Model systems in genetic analysis: [Link], [Link], D. melanogaster, [Link], Zebra
fish
1.2. Mendelian genetics: Mendel’s of inheritence, non-mendelian inheritance.
1.3. Linkage and crossing over.
Unit 2: (Lectures 10)
2.1. Gene interactions: Allelic and non-allelic, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance and
expressivity, phenocopy

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Department of Life Sciences

2.2. Gene mapping methods; Tetrad analysis

2.3. Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of Mitochondrial and chloroplast genes,
maternal inheritance.
Unit 3: (Lectures 15)
3.1Gene Mutation: Types, causes and detection, lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss of
function, gain of function, Replica plating
3.2. Numerical and structural changes of chromosomes, polyploidy and their genetic
implications in plants.
Unit 4: (Lectures 10)
4.1. QTL analysis; Quantitative inheritance in human
4.2. Population genetics, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Text Book (s):
1. Principles of Genetics, E J Gardner, John Wiley & Sons Inc
2. Principles of Genetics, D.P. Snustad& M.J. Simmons, John Wiley and Sons Inc
Supplementary Reading:
1. Genetics: From Genes to Genomes by L. Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael Goldberg, Ann
Reynolds, Lee Silver, Ruth Veres publisher: McGraw-Hill
2. Medical genetics by Lynn B. Jorde, John C. Carey, Michael J. Bamshad and Raymond L.
White.

LSC-C-207 MICROBIOLOGY credit 3-2-0

Unit- 1: (Lectures 15)
General Microbiology
1.1 Milestones of microbiology, controversy over spontaneous generation, Koch’s postulate,
development of pure culture methods.
1.2 Microbial Taxonomy- low G+C gram positive bacteria; high G+C gram positive bacteria.
Classification of microbes – Archaebacteria , Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria, Yeast and
filamentous fungi

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Department of Life Sciences

1.3 Life cycle: Entry, replication and egress of DNA and RNA viruses. Phage genetics: Lytic and
lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage; Virulent and Temperate phage, Prophage; Study of plaque
morphology; mapping of phage chromosome by phage crosses
Unit- 2: (Lectures 12)
Microbial growth and reproduction
2.1. Culture media, Isolation, characterization and preservation of microbial cultures
2.2. Transfer of genetic material and recombination in bacteria molecular aspects of
transformation, conjugation, transduction. Chromosome mapping by interrupted mating
experiment.
2.3. Microbial growth curve and kinetics
Unit- 3: (Lectures 09)
Microbial genetics
[Link] basic principles of microbial genetic constitution,
3.2. Concept of operon: lac, trp and ara
3.3. Host pathogen interaction: Genetics of pathogenicity and virulence
Unit 4 (Lectures 09)
4.1. Antimicrobials: types and mode of action
4.2. Antibiotic Resistance
4.3. Bioremediation: use of microbes for treating pollutants (hydrocarbons, oils, heavy metals).
Text Book:
1. Microbiology, M.J. Pelczar, E.C.S. Chan and N.R. Kreig, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Microbiology, Prescott, Harley, Klein, McGraw Hill International Edition
References Book (s)
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. General Microbiology, R.Y. Stanier, J.L. Ingraham, M. L. Wheelis and P.R. Painter,
Macmillian, Current edition.

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Department of Life Sciences

6. Microbial ecology: Fundamentals and Applications, R.M. Atlas and R. Bartha, Pearson
Education, Current edition.
7. Molecular genetics of bacteria, 3 e, L. Snyder and W. Champness, ASM Press, Current
edition.
8. Biotechnology, B.D. Singh, Kalyani Publishers, Current edition.
9. Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction, T.A. Brown, Blackwell Publishing, Current
edition.
10. B. Lewin, Genes , Publisher: Prentice Hall, Current edition
LSC-C/P-208 PRACTICAL PAPER Credits 0-0-5
Based on LSC-S-205, LSC-C-206 and LSC-C-207

Immunology
1. Study of Antigen- Antibody pattern-ODD
2. Immunoglobulin Y purification
3. Immunoglobulin G purification
4. Study of immunohistochemistry
5. Study of bacterial and viral haemagglutination

Genetics

1. To perform karyotyping using metaphase plates

2. Study of Drosophila melanogaster mutants
3. Mathematical problems on Linkage mapping
4. Mathematical problems on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Microbiology
1. To prepare various liquid and solid media used in microbiology experiment.
2. Isolation and identification of bacteria based on Microbial taxonomy:Bergey’s manual
3. To isolate and count total heterotrophic bacteria in soil, air and water sample.
4. To perform fungal staining for the study of fungal morphology.
5. To perform simple staining and gram staining of bacteria cells.
6. To test protein hydrolysis by gelatin degradation.

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Department of Life Sciences

7. Preparation of agar stab and slant

8. MPN
10. Antibiotic sensitivity test
11. IMViC test

Format for Practical Question Paper

Time: 6 hours F.M : 70

Q. 1. Perform one experiment from LSC-S-205 12
Q. 2. Perform one experiment from LSC-C-206 12
Q. 3. Perform one experiment from LSC-C-207 12
Q.4. Spotting 10
Q.5. Model/Presentation display 10
Q.6. Practical records 07
Q.7. Viva-voce 07
TOTAL 70

SEMESTER III
LSC-A-309 BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOSTATISTICS credit 3-2-0

Unit 1: Lectures 12
1.1 Introduction to computational biology & bioinformatics. Branches of bioinformatics. Nature
of biological data. Biological data formats.
1.2 Literature databases (PubMed), Primary nucleotide sequence databases (NCBI, EMBL,
DDBJ), Secondary nucleotide sequence databases (UniGene, SGD etc.), Protein sequence
databases (SwissProt/TrEMBL, PIR), Sequence motif databases (Pfam, PROSITE), Structure
databases (PDB, NSD, SCOP, CATH), Gene Expression databases.

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Department of Life Sciences

1.3 Algorithms and bio-tools: Sequence alignment and database similarity searching. Scoring
matrix, BLAST series, FASTA. Pairwise Sequence Alignments and Multiple sequence
alignments (ClustalW). Global Alignments – Needleman Wunsch Algorithm, Local
Alignments – Smith Waterman Algorithm.
Unit 2: Lectures 11
2.1. Basic concepts on phylogenetic markers and molecular [Link] bioinformatics:
prediction of secondary & tertiary structure of proteins, comparative modeling. Drug design
concept. Human genome projects.
[Link] biological tools and resources: EMBOSS, Expasy, OMIM, GOLD etc.
2.3. Introduction of Nanotechnology. Biomedical applications of nanotechnology
Unit 3: Lectures 10
3.1 Sample and Sampling techniques- random sampling and non-random sampling.
3.2Probability and Bayes theorem, Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution
3.3 Measures of central tendency- Mean, Median, Mode. Measures of dispersion- standard
deviation, coefficient of variation. Skewness and Kurtosis.
Unit- 4: Lectures 12
4.1. Hypothesis testing.
4.2. Test of significance based on small samples and large samples (‘t’ test and ‘z’ test), Chi-
square test, Analysis of variance- One-way and Two-way ANOVA.
[Link] and regression: Use of Correlation and Regression in biological science.
Suggested reading:
[Link]: Sequence and Genome Analysis by D.W. Mount, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory, Current edition.
[Link]: Principles and Applications by Z. Ghosh and B. Mallick, Oxford University
Press, Current edition.

3. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins by A.D. Baxevanis
and B.F.F. Ouellette, Wiley-interscience, Current edition.
4. Understanding Bioinformatics by MarketaZvelebil and Jeremy Baum, Garland Science,
Current edition.

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Department of Life Sciences

5. Modern statistics for the Life Sciences by A. Grafen and R. Hails, Oxford University Press,
Current edition.
[Link] Introduction to Biostatistics by Thomas Glover and Kevin Mitchell, Waveland PrInc,
Current edition.

7. Introduction to Nanotechnology, By Charles P. Poole, Jr., Charles P.. Poole, Frank

[Link], Autor Owens,2003 Wiley Interscience, Current edition.

8. Integrating Biologically-Inspired Nanotechnology into Medical Practice.B.K. Nayak (K.M.

Centre for Post Graduate Studies, India), Anima Nanda (Sathyabama University, India) and M.

Amin Bhat (Sathyabama University, India), Current edition.

LSC-C-310 SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY credit 3-2-0

Unit 1. Lectures 11
Basic plant physiology
1.1. Photosynthesis in C3 and C4 pathways, Rubisco-activation and catalysis. CAM pathway
1.2. Starch sucrose metabolisms and assimilate partitioning, Source-sink relationship and yield ,
Cyclodextrins and fructans
1.3. Nitrogen fixation: Nitrogen fixing organisms -bacteria and Cyanobacteria, Actinorhizal and
non-leguminous bacteria, Molecular mechanisms of nitrogen fixation. Energetics of nitrogen
fixation, nif genes in Rhizobium, Nod genes and Nod factors.
1.4. Phytohormones : Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Abcissic acid

Unit 2 Lectures 11

Stress physiology of plant

[Link] stress: Mechanism of drought tolerance.

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Department of Life Sciences

[Link] temperature and heat stress: Physiological and molecular mechanism of low
temperature tolerance, Cellular responses to high temperature: enzyme activities, Heat shock
proteins.
2.3. Metal stress: Metal toxicity and tolerance to Aluminum, Manganese, Iron, Zinc
Phytochelations. Allelochemicals: Mode of action of chemicals on plant physiological processes
2.3. Salt stress: Effect of high salt concentration, Regulation of salt content
2.4. Ultra violet – B (UV-B radiation): Plant response and effect on photosynthesis and gene
expression.
Unit 3 Lectures 10
Animal physiology
3.1. Digestion and assimilation of protein, carbohydrate and lipid
3.2. Physiological actions of gastrointestinal hormones- CCK, pancreozymine, gastrin, secretin,
motilin
3.3. Internal respiration and gas exchange: O2 and CO2 dissociation curve and factors affecting.
3.4. Mammalian hormone secreted by: pituitary thyroid, adrenal glands and pancreas.
Unit 4 Lectures 13

4.1. Types of muscles, ultra structure of myofibrils, Physiology of muscle contraction, Muscle
twitch, muscle isometric and isotonic contraction; Cori cycle.
4.2. Types and structure of neurons, nerve conduction in unmyelinated (action potential) and
myelinated (saltatory) conduction, Synaptic transmission
4.3. Structure of nephron and mechanism of urine formation

Text Book (s):

1. Guyton and Hall: Text Book of Medical Physiology , W.B. Saunders, Current edition.
2. Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology, Lang Medical Publications, Current edition.

3. Plant Physiology: by F.B. Salisbury and Cleon W. Ross. Words worth publishing company.
Belmont California, Current edition

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Department of Life Sciences

4. Photosynthesis and crop productivity in different environments. J. Cooper, Cambridge,

Current edition

5. Plant Physiology, biochemistry and molecular [Link]. T. Dennis and David H. Turnip.
Longman scientific technical , Current edition

6. Photosynthesis: A comprehensivie treatise . A.S. Raghavendra Cambridge University Press,

Current edition

7. Introduction to Plant Physiology by W.G. Hopkins, John Wiley, NY. Current edition

8. Advances in Plant Physiology. Vol.2. A. Hemantarajan. Current edition

References:

1. Keel et al: Samson Wright's Applied Physiology, Oxford Press, Current edition

2. Murray et al: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, Appleton & Lange, Current edition

3. West: Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice,Williams and Wilkins,
Current edition.

LSC-C- 311 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY credits 3-2-0

Unit 1: Lectures 11
Animal developmental biology
1.1. Basic concept of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence,
determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients;
1.2. Cell fate and cell lineages in [Link], genesis and differentiation in animals.
1.3. Axes determination in Drosophila : Antero-posterior and dorso-ventral.
Unit 2: Lectures 13
Animal developmental biology
2.1. Gametogenesis and fertilization

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Department of Life Sciences

2.2. Morphogenesis in animals - cell aggregation and differentiation, patterning and shaping of
the early embryo.
2.3. Organogenesis - vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction, limb
development and regeneration in vertebrates, neurogenesis, environmental regulation of normal
development.
Unit 3: Lectures 10
Plant developmental biology
3.1. Structure of microsporangium, microsporogenesis and development of male gametophyte.
3.2. Structure of ovule, megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte.
3.3. Pollen-pistil interaction, fertilization and its control.
Unit 4: Lectures 11
4.1. Endosperm: Development, types, haustoria, ruminate endosperm, xenia, metaxenia
4.2. Embryogenesis in dicot and monocot, Apomixis: causes and significance, Parthenocarpy
4.4. Polyembryony and its induction, Embryology in relation to taxonomy.

Text Book (s):

1. Developmental Biology by S.F. Gilbert, Sinauer Associates Inc, Current edition.
2. Plant Physiology, Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger, Sinauer Associates Inc, Current edition.
3. Principles of development, Oxford, Lawrence, Lumpsden, Robertson, Meyerowitch, Smith,
Current edition.

4. Developmental Biology, Oxford, Lewis Wolpert, Current edition.

5. Human Embryology and developmental Biology, Elsevier, Carlson, Current edition

6. Essential Developmental Biology, J.M.W. Slack, Current edition

LSC –C/P-312 PRACTICALS Credits 0-0-5

Based on LSC-A-309, LSC-C-310 and LSC-C-311
Practicals on Bioinformatics and Biostatistics
[Link] and understanding biological data formats, such as genbank flat file, genpept, fasta,
nexus, pdb etc.

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[Link] nucleotide and protein databases: GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ, PIR-PSD, SwissProt,
TrEMBL/GenPept.
[Link] and understanding 3D structure of macromolecules by molecular viewers: RasMol,
Cn3D, Swiss-PDB Viewer Sequence comparisons & alignment Estimating protein secondary
structure and physical attributes:
[Link] digestion mapping, molecular weight and amino acid composition determination,
isoelectric point estimation, hydrophobicity and hydrophobic moment determinations, surface
probability and antigenicity mapping, and secondary structure prediction.
[Link] to molecular phylogenetics: Clustering techniques, Hierarchial& non-hierarchial,
Bootstrapping, Interpretation of phylogenetic trees.
6. Comparative genomics and gene prediction Pattern matching Designing of primers for PCR;
[Link] of restriction enzyme maps for molecular biology applications and other
genomics and proteomics analysis tools embedded in the Genomics Workbench Prediction of
secondary & tertiary structure of proteins Immunoinformatics concepts and tools Structural
bioinformatics (Homology modeling) Molecular docking and
[Link] design Vaccine design Exploring EMBOSS series, NCBI tools and other tools .
*More practicals may be added/modified from time to time depending on available facilities.

Practicals on System Physiology

1. Estimation serum uric acid
2. Absorption spectra of blood pigment
3. Detection of allantoin in mammalian urine
4. Estimation of blood Sodium, potassium, Calcium
5. Estimation of blood alkaline & acid phosphatases
6. Normal & abnormal constituents of human urine
7. Colorimetric estimation of IAA.
8. Isolation of chloroplast and assay of Hill activity
9. Tetrazolium test of seed viability
10. Estimation of total phenolic content from seeds.
11. Colorimetric estimation of amino groups by Ninhydrin reaction

Practicals on Development Biology

1. Study of the stages of pollen and ovule development.

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2. Pollen in vitro germination methods: Sitting drop culture, suspension culture, surface
culture.
3. Correlation between fertility (stainability), viability (TTC and FDA staining) and
germinability (in vitro) of pollen grains
4. Use of DNA fluorochromes to localize nuclei during pollen and ovule development.
5. Dissection of embryo and endosperm: Study of post-fertilization stages.
6. Histological characterization of SAM and RAM development.
7. Study of T.S. of Testis and Ovary of a mammal
8. Study of different stages of cleavages (2, 4, 8, 16 cell stages); Morula, Blastula
9. Study of chick embryos of 18 hours, 24 hours, 33 hours and 48 hours of incubation

Format for Practical Question Paper

Time: 6 hours F.M : 70

Q. 1. Perform one experiment from LSC-A-309 12
Q. 2. Perform one experiment from LSC-C-310 12
Q. 3. Perform one experiment from LSC-C-311 12
Q.4. Spotting 10
Q.5. Model/Presentation display 10
Q.6. Practical records 07
Q.7. Vivi-voce 07
TOTAL 70

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Semester IV

LSC-E-413A ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Credits 3-2-0

UNIT I Lectures 10

BASICS REQUIREMENTS FOR CELL CULTURE

1.1Types of cultures -primary and secondary, applications of cell culture

1.2 Cell line –definition, types (finite, continuous/established, transformed) and characterization with
examples

1.3 Cell strains-Characteristics of finite,continuous and transformed cells in culture.

1.2 Tumorigenesis assays – histological examination, transplantation, CAM assay, organoid

confrontation, filter well invasion, angiogenesis.

1.3 Cell culture media – defined media, serum supplementation ,serum-free media.

1.4 Types of culture vessels for laboratory scale, pilot scale and large-scale cultures.

UNIT II Lectures 11

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE OF CELL CULTURES

2.1Phases of cell growth -Feeding and subculture of cells

2.2 Microbial contamination of cell culture - tests for bacterial, fungal, viral and mycoplasma
contamination .

2.3 Cell viability and cytotoxicity tests for cells in culture.

2.4 Cryopreservation of cell lines – principle , methodology and applications .

2.5 Induction of differentiation – physiological and non-physiological Inducers.

UNIT III Lectures 12

STEM CELL CULTURE, 3D CULTURE AND TISSUE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES

3.1 Culturing of stem cells – basic principles and methodology .

3.2 Induction of stem cell differentiation - Induced pluripotency of adult stem cells and its applications .

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3.3 Three dimensional cultures - histotypic and organ culture methods and applications.

3.4 Tissue engineering – Design stages; types of substrate/support materials; cell sources; orientation;
tissue-engineered skin, peripheral nerve implant, cartilage, uterus, trachea, urinary bladder; genetically
engineered tissues.

UNIT IV Lectures 12

GENETIC MANIPULATION OF ANIMALS

4.1Genetic engineering of animal cells – types of origins of replication, promoters, markers and

vectors used.

4.2Methods of transfection; use of baculovirus vectors for production of recombinant proteins

4.3 Cloning of animals – methods and applications.

4.4 Transgenic animals – methodology used for the production of transgenic insects, mice, cattle, sheep,
pigs, birds, fish; Applications of transgenic animals .

4.5 Pharming – definition, pharming products and their applications - Animals as disease models for
cancer and alzheimer’s disease .

4.6 Tools for genetic improvement and conservation of animals-embryo sexing - Molecular diagnostics
for animal diseases – infectious diseases.

4.7 Molecular techniques for species conservation - DNA barcoding of animals.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. R. Ian Freshney ,Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized

Applications, John Wiley & Sons, USA, Current edition.

2. Portner R. ,Animal Cell Biotechnology, Humana Press, USA, Current edition .

3. Gordon I ,Reproductive Techniques in Farm Animals, CABI, Current edition.

4. Glyn N. Stacey, John Davis ,Medicines from Animal Cell Culture, John Wiley & Sons,

USA, Current edition.

5. Twyman RM ,Advanced Molecular Biology, Bios Scientific, Oxford, UK, Current edition.

6. R. Renaville, A. Burny ,Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, Springer, UK, Current edition.

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7. Manjula Shenoy, Animal Biotechnology, Firewall Media, India, Current edition.

Websites

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

5. [Link]

LSC-E-413-B Plant Biotechnology Credits 3-2-0

Unit 1 Lectures 11

1.1. Plant tissue culture: History, Laboratory organization, Sterilization methods, Maintenance of
axenic cultures; Media preparation(minerals, vitamins, and natural adjuvants like coconut
milk and fruit juice), Hormones, Growth Regulators.

1.2. Explants for Tissue Culture: Shoot tip, axillary buds, leaf discs, cotyledons, inflorescence and
floral organs.

1.3. Micro propagation, Direct and indirect morphogenesis Callus culture, Cell Culture, shoot
multiplication, Organogenesis and embryogenesis, embryo culture (somatic and zygotic);
Synthetic seed production.

Unit 2 Lectures 12

2.1. In vitro production of haploids: Anther, pollen and gynogenesis culture and their
application; Production of homozygous diploid line. In vitro production of triploids.

2.2. Protoplast isolation, culture and fusion (somatic hydridization); selection of hybrid cells and
regeneration of hybrid plants.

2.3. Application of tissue culture in agriculture, horticulture and forestry.

2.4. Storage techniques: Equipment, cryopreservation, Seed storage proteins. Achievements and
current trends.

Unit 3 Lectures 13

3.1. Production of virus free plants; Antisense RNA technique

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3.2. Conventional breeding versus transgenesis

3.3. Development of drug, Biopesticides, growth regulators, Biofertilizers. Value addition via bio
transformation

3.4. Development of Biocatalyst, Bio fuels, Feed stock Chemicals, Designer Chemicals,
biodegradable plastics

3.5. Phyto-remediation

Unit 4 Lectures 09

4.1. Transgenesis in plants: Production of herbicide, insecticide, virus resistant and stress tolerant
plants; pr protein and antimicrobial protein.

4.2. Genetic modification for improving crop yield and quality, selection, mutation, polyploidy
and clonal selection.

Text Books

1. T, J. Fu, G. Singh and W.R. Curtis Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Food
Ingredients. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press. Current edition.

2.H.S. Chawla: Plant Biotechnology, Oxford & IBH publishing [Link], Current edition

3. R.J. Henry: Practical Application of Plant Molecular Biotechnology. Chapman and Hall.
Current edition

4. P.K. Gupta Elements of Biotechnology. Rastogi and Co. Meerut. Current edition

5. Plant Biotechnology,[Link], ,Oxford & IBH publishing [Link] , Current edition

6. Plant Biotechnology: J. Hammond, P. McGarvey and V Yusibov (Eds):, Springer Verlag,

Current edition

LSC-E-413C Industrial Biotechnology Credits 3-2-0

Unit 1:Introduction to Industrial Biotechnology Lectures 11

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1.1. Microbial biomass, enzymes and metabolites. Recombinant products, Transformation

processes.
1.2. The selection of induced mutants, use of auxotrophs, resistant mutants, revertant mutants.
1.3. Modification of the permeability, use of recombination systems, protoplast fusion
techniques.

Unit 2:Microbial technology Lectures 12

[Link] design of batch sterilization processes; Calculation of the Del factor during heating and
cooling, HTST.
[Link] scale up of batch sterilization processes, Filter sterilization of air, Sterilization of
fermenter exhaust air.
2.3. Criteria for the transfer of inoculums, development of inocula for bacterial and mycelial
processes. Scale-up and scale-down methods; Scale-up of aeration/agitation regime in
stirred tank and air-lift reactors.
2.4. Production of microbial enzymes, Fuels and industrial chemicals, Health care products, Use
of microbes in mineral beneficiation and oil recovery, Production of fine Chemicals (e.g.
Biosurfactants, Spirulina, Yeast), oleo chemicals (Fatty acids, Glycerol, Methol-
petrochemicals-perfumery chemicals).

Unit 3: Food technology Lectures 12

3.1. Introduction to Food technology, elementary idea of canning and packing.

3.2. Fat-Based Edible products, Pasteurization of food Products. Fat-based Nutraceuticals

Technology of Typical Food/ food products (curd,bread, cheese, idli, Agro-products (oilseeds),
soya based foods, meat fermentation, vinegar.

3.3. Food preservation, Food additive (e.g. amino acids), Food colors, Flavors, and Antioxidants,
vitamins, fats and oils.

Unit 4: Chemical and Pharmaceutical technology Lectures 10

4.1. Chemical technology: Transport phenomenon, Heat transfer, Mass transfer.

4.2. Pharmaceutical technology: Biotechnology in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Pre-

biotechnology products, impact of biotechnology, post-biotechnology products: biologics and
biopharmaceuticals)

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4.3. Fermentation products in Pharmaceutical industry: Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies,

Therapeutic proteins, Vitamins, Amino acids, Antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin ), Steroids,
Vaccines.

Suggested reading

1. Principles of Fermentation Technology Second Edition Peter F. Stanbury, Allan

Whitaker, Stephen J. Hall .Elsevier science ltd, Current edition.
2. Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. Michael J. Waites, Neil L. Morgan, John S.
Rockey Gary Higton. Blackwell Science Ltd, Current edition
3. Modern Industrial Biotechnology & Microbiology. NdukaOkafor, SCIENCE
PUBLISHERS, Edenbridge Ltd. Current edition,
4. Microbial Technology . H.J. Peppler and D. Perlman. Academic Press, Current edition.
5. Industrial Microbiology . L E Casida Jr. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
6. Biotechnological Innovations in Chemical Synthesis. BIOTOL. Publishers / Butterworth
- Heinemann. Industrial Microbiology by G. Reed (Ed), CBS Publishers (AVI Publishing
Co.) Current edition.
7. Biology of Industrial Microorganisms by A.L. Demain. Current edition
8. Genetics and Biotechnology of Industrial Microorgansims by C.l. Hershnergey, S.W.
Queener and Q. Hegeman. Publisher. ASM. Current edition
9. Ewesis et al . Bioremediation Principles. Mac Graw Hill. Current edition
10. Manual of industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology by Davis J.E. and Demain A.L.
ASM publications, Current edition

LSC-E -414A Medical biotechnology Credits 3-2-0

UNIT 1 Lectures 10
DISEASE DIAGNOSIS-PROBE

1.1 PCR, LCR immunological assay.

1.2 Detection of genetic, Neuro-genetic disorders involving Metabolic and Movement
disorders.
1.3 Treatment-products from recombinant and non-recombinant organisms, Interferons,
Antisense therapy, cell penetrating peptides.
1.4 Gene therapy and Immunotherapy; Types and mechanism.

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1.5 Detection of mutations in neoplastic diseases MCC, SSCP, DGGE, PTTC.

UNIT 2 Lectures 12
VACCINE BIOTECHNOLOGY

2.1. Instruments related to monitoring of temperature, sterilization, environment, quality

assurance and related areas.
2.2. Production techniques - growing the microorganisms in maximum titre, preservation
techniques to maintain good antigen quality, freeze drying.
2.3. Introduction to newer vaccine approaches namely sub-unit vaccines, synthetic vaccines,
DNA vaccines, virus like particles, recombinant ,vaccines, edible vaccines.
2.4 Nanoparticles in vaccine delivery systems.

UNIT 3 Lectures 11
GENETIC DISORDERS IN HUMAN

3.1Monogenic disorders: cystic fibrosis .

3.2 Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Phenylketonuria.
3.3 Genetic disorders of various systems:
3.3.1 Hematological: Sickle cell anaemia, thalassemias.
3.3.2 Neurological: Alzheimer’s .
3.3.3 Muscular: Deuchenne muscular dystrophy .
3.3.4 Eye: Color blindness .
3.4 Complex traits: polygenic and multifactorial: diabetes mellitus.

Unit 4 Lectures 12

Bioethics, Biosafety, Patent rights

4.1. Intellectual property right: patents, R & D partnership, license agreement and joint venture

4.2. Bioethics: Role of bioethics in research. Prevention of plagiarism, fabrication/manipulation

of data, conflict of interest, socio-cultural and behavioral conflicts during the conduct of
research. Bioethical norms governing research related to animals and humans.

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4.3. Biosafety: Prevention and management of chemical and biological hazards associated with
research. Evaluation and interpretation of data sheets, labels etc. for pre-assessment of biological
and chemical hazards.

Suggested Reading
1. Human Molecular Genetics – Tom Stratchen & Andrew P. Read. Pub: John Wiley & Sons,
Current edition.
2. An introduction to Genetic Analysis – Griffith, Miller, Suzuki, Lewontin, Gelbard. Pub: W.H.
Freeman & Co. Current edition
3. Genomes 2 – T.A. Brown, Pub: Wiley-Liss. John W. & Sons. Current edition
4. Colour Atlas of Genetics (2001): Eberhard Passarge Pub : Thieme Current edition
5. Genetics in Medicine Eberhard Passarge Pub: saunders, Current edition
6. A primer of geneme science: Greg Gilson, Spencer V Muse Pub: Sinanur Associates Inc. Pvt.
Ltd., Sunderland Massachussetts, Current edition
7. Instant Notes: Developmental Biology – RM Twyman Pub: Viva Books Pvt. Ltd. India,
Current edition
8. Principles of Development: Lewis Wolpert et al. Pub: Oxford Univ. Press . Genes In, Current
edition
9. Medicine– J. Rusko and C.S. Downes. Pub: Chapman & Hall, London, Current edition
10. Human Molecular Genetics – Tom Stratchen & Andrew P. Read. Pub: John Wiley, Current
edition
11. Sons Clinical Genetics – A short course– G. N. Wilson. Pub: Wiley-Liss. John W. & Sons.
Current edition
12. An Introduction To Genetic Analysis Griffith, Miller, Suzuki Lewontich and Gelbard. Pub:
W H Freeman & Com. Current edition
13. Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics– R.F. Mueller, I.D. Young, Pub: Churchill,
Livingston Pub. NY. Medical Genetics – L.B. Jonde, J.C. Cary and [Link], Pub: Mosby
pub. NY , Current edition
14. An Introduction to Human Molecular Genetics– J.J. Pasternak, Pub: Fitzgerald Science
Press, Bathesda, Maryland. Current edition

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Department of Life Sciences

15. Molecular Biology & Biotechnology - Meyer Pub: VCH,Pub. NY Human Genetics: Concept
& Application – Ricki Lewis. Current edition

LSC-E-414 B Applied Plant Biotechnology Credit 3-2-0

Unit 1 Lectures 11

1.1. Vectors for higher plant transformation and cloning.

[Link] tumefacians infection, Basis of tumor and hairy root formation. Mechanism
of DNA transfer, Role of virulence genes. Ti and Ri plasmids based vectors
1.3. Direct gene transfer, Transformation of monocots, transgene stability, gene silencing and
over expression of genes, selection of clones.
1.4. Expression of cloned genes: Selectable markers, genetic markers Reporter genes and
Promoters.

Unit 2 Lectures 13

2.1. Organization and expression of chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome; Cytoplasmic
male sterility; Intergenomic interaction.

2.2. Chloroplast transformation; vectors, mechanisms, advantages and limitations,

homoplastomic line development.

2.3. Metabolic engineering and industrial products

2.4. Plant secondary metabolites, Basic biosynthetic pathways, Techniques used in biosynthesis,
Control mechanisms, Role of Secondary Metabolites in defense, Interaction between organism
using secondary metabolites, Production of bio active secondary metabolites by plant tissue
culture and application of industrially important secondary metabolites.

Unit 3 Lectures 10

3.1. Marker aided breeding maps, linkage analysis

3.2. RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, STS and microsatellites, molecular assisted selection.

3.3. Molecular pharming; edible vaccines, plantibodies and peptide hormones

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Unit 4 Lectures 11

Bioethics, Biosafety, Patent rights

4.1. Intellectual property right: patents, R & D partnership, license agreement and joint venture

4.2. Bioethics: Role of bioethics in research. Prevention of plagiarism, fabrication/manipulation

of data, conflict of interest, socio-cultural and behavioral conflicts during the conduct of
research. Bioethical norms governing research related to animals and humans.

4.3. Biosafety: Prevention and management of chemical and biological hazards associated with
research. Evaluation and interpretation of data sheets, labels etc. for pre-assessment of biological
and chemical hazards.

Suggested reading

• 1. An introduction to Plant Tissue culture by MK Razdan. M.K.. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co,
New Delhi, [Link] edition
• 2. Plant Biotechnology: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering by Adrian Slater, Nigel W.
Scott, Mark R. Fowler. Oxford University Press, Current edition
• 3. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants. Bob Buchanan, Wilhelm Gruissem, Russell
Jones. John Wiley & Sons, Current edition
• 4. Molecular Biotechnology by Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. Second Edition, ASM Press,
Washington, Current edition
• 5. Plant tissue culture by Bhojwani. S.S and Razdan. M.K Current edition
• 6. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture: Volume 1 & 2. EF George. Exegetics Limited, Current
edition
• 7. Plant cell culture, A Practical approach, Edited by R.A. Dixon and R.A. Gonzales. Current
edition
• 8. Natural Products: A Laboratory Guide By Raphael Ikan. Academic Press, Current edition
• 9. Chemistry of Natural Products by Sujata V. Bhat, Bhimsen A. Nagasampagi, Meenakshi
Sivakumar. Birkhäuser, Current edition.
• 10. Phytochemical Methods A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis By JB Harborne.
Springer, Current edition

LSC-E-414C Bioprocess technology Credits 3-2-0

Unit 1: Introduction to Bioprocess Engineering Lectures 11

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Department of Life Sciences

[Link] and Membrane Bioreactors, Analysis of batch, Fedbatch and continuous

bioreactors, stability of microbial reactors. Specialized bioreactors (pulsed fluidized,
photobioreactors, etc).
[Link] of Industrial Microorganisms: (Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, penicillia, spore
forming bacteria etc), Isolation, Preservation and Maintenance of Industrial Microorganisms,
Microbial growth kinetics, Regulation of Metabolism, Substrate Assimilation/Product
Secretion.
[Link] composition and sterilization for Industrial Fermentation ; addition of precursors and
metabolic regulators to media, Antifoams; Aeration and agitation -Determination of kla
values, Fluid rheology, Factors affecting kla values in fermentation vessels, Power number,
Reynold’s number; Air quality Management and Air sterilization

Unit 2: Fermentation technology Lectures 11

2.1. Types of fermentation processes. Surface and submerged liquid substrate fermentation; Solid
Substrate Fermentations, Fermentation raw materials, Design of a fermenter: Basic functions of a
fermenter for microbial or animal cell culture, Aseptic operation and containment, Body
construction & components, Sensor probes, fermenters for animal cell culture, instrumentation
and control.

2.2. Analysis of mixed microbial populations, Fermentation kinetics and monitoring,

Measurement and control of bioprocess parameters.

2.3. Fermentation economics-Space requirements, capital investment, Raw materials, highest-

yielding strain, automation, Recovery and purification procedures, Heat and power utilization.

Unit 3: Downstream processing Lectures 12

3.1. Cell disruption methods for intracellular products, Removal of microbial cells and solid
matter, foam reparation, precipitation, filtration (micro and ultrafiltration), centrifugation, cell
disruptions, liquid-liquid extraction, supercritical extraction, chromatographic and
electrophoretic separations: Whole broth processing ;Drying and crystallization, disposal of
effluents; Introduction to Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and Quality by Design (QbD).

[Link] cell Immobilization and their Industrial Applications, Immobilized enzymes in

aqueous and non-aqueous media, bioconversion and Biotransformation.

3.3. Industrial Production of Enzymes (amylase, proteases, lipases), Alcohol (ethanol), Acids
(citric, acetic and gluconic), Amino acids (lysine, glutamic acid), Single Cell Protein, Bio-
polymer.

Unit 4: Bioethics, Biosafety, Patent rights Lectures 11

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4.1. Intellectual property right: patents, R & D partnership, license agreement and joint venture

4.2. Bioethics: Role of bioethics in research. Prevention of plagiarism, fabrication/manipulation

of data, conflict of interest, socio-cultural and behavioral conflicts during the conduct of
research. Bioethical norms governing research related to animals and humans.

4.3. Biosafety: Prevention and management of chemical and biological hazards associated with
research. Evaluation and interpretation of data sheets, labels etc. for pre-assessment of biological
and chemical hazards.

Suggested reading

1. “Bioprocess Engineering” Shuler and Kargi, Prentice Hall Publication, Current edition

2. “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals” James E Bailey and David F Ollis, McGraw Hill,
Current edition

3. “Bioprocess Engineering Principles” Doran, Elsevier, Current edition

4. Ganguli, P. Intellectual property rights: Unleashing the knowledge economy. New Delhi: Tata
McGraw-Hill Pub. Current edition

[Link] Reference to Intellectual Property Rights Laws. Snow White Publication Oct.
Current edition

6. Kuhse, H. Bioethics: An anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Current edition

[Link] DNA Safety Guidelines, Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and

Technology, Govt. of India. Retrieved from [Link] csurv/geac/
[Link]

[Link], G. M. (2013). Safety Assessment of Food and Feed Derived from GM Crops: Using
Problem Formulation to Ensure “Fit for Purpose” Risk Assessments. Retrieved from
[Link]

[Link] for Safety Assessment of Foods Derived from Genetically Engineered Plants. 2008.
Collection biosafety reviews.

LSC-E/P-415B PRACTICAL (Animal Biotechnology) Credits 0-0-5

1. To provide the practical background and training in animal cell culture and molecular
techniques related to animal biotechnology
2. Preparation and sterilization of reagents and media for cell culture.

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3. Primary culture of chick embryo fibroblasts.

4. Cell counting using haemocytometer.
5. Viability test - Dye exclusion assay.
6. Subculture and Cryopreservation of cell lines.
7. Karyotype preparation.
8 . Mitotic metaphase chromosome preparation from bone marrow of mouse/rat.
9. C , G-banding of mitotic chromosomes of mouse/rat.
10. Fluorescence banding of mitotic chromosomes of mouse/rat.
11. Exposure of cells to carcinogens and transformation assay (focus assay or soft agar
assay).
12. Isolation of DNA from mammalian blood or spleen.
13. WSSV detection by PCR.
14. VNTR Genotyping.
15. Comet assay for assessing genotoxicity.

LSC-E/P-415B Practical (Plant Biotechnology) Credits 0-0-5

1. Isolation of a plant gene

2. Cloning of plant gene in cloning vector
3. Cloning of gene into destination vector or binary vector
4. Transformation of Agrobacterium with recombinant primary vector
5. Selection of transformed Agrobacterium
6. Callus induction/tissue culture
7. Single cell suspension culture
8. Plant cell transformation with the help of Agrobacterium
9. Selection of transforment plant cells
10. Conformation of insert into plant cell.

LSC-E/P-415C Practicals (Industrial Biotechnology) Credits 0-0-5

1. Screening of Process variables :Plackett-Burman design practice

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2. Demonstration of reactor studies : Batch, fed-batch, and continuous flow reactor analysis and
residence time distribution.

3. Determination of Thermal Death Point (TDP) and Thermal Death Time (TDT) of
microorganisms for design of a sterilizer.

4. Monitoring of dissolved oxygen during aerobic fermentation.

5. Preservation of industrially important bacteria by lyophilization.

6. Product concentration by vacuum concentrator.

7. Mushroom cultivation and its analysis.

8. Production of wine from grapes

9. Enrichment and Selective isolation of Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus from

spoiled or contaminated foods

10. Bacteriological analysis of milk : MBRT

Format for Practical Question Paper

Time: 6 hours F.M : 70

Q. 1. Perform one experiment from LSC-E-313A/B/C 15
Q. 2. Perform one experiment from LSC-C-314A/B/C 15
Q.3. Spotting 10
Q.4. Model/Presentation display 10
Q.5. Practical records 10
Q.6. Vivi-voce 10
TOTAL 70

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 BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD 2020
Department of Life Sciences

DETAILED SYLLABI OF OPEN ELECTIVES

LSC-OE(1) BASIC BIOTECHNOLOGY credits 3-0-0

Unit 1:
1.1 Definition and scope of biotechnology; branches of biotechnology;
1.2 Bioprocess technology for the production of cell biomass and primary/secondary metabolites,
such as baker’s yeast, ethanol, citric acid, amino acids, exopolysacharides, antibiotics and
pigments etc;
1.3 Regeneration of plants and totipotency;
1.4 Plant products of industrial importance;
1.5 Biochemistry of major metabolic pathways and products; Autotrophic and heterotrophic
growth; Plant growth regulators and elicitors;
Unit 2:
2.1 Cell suspension culture development;

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 BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD 2020
Department of Life Sciences

2.2 Production of secondary metabolites by plant suspension cultures; Hairy root cultures and
their cultivation;
2.3 generation of transgencies and their application in agriculture; Cloning in animals;
2.4 Genetic engineering; transgenic animals; Animal cell preservation;
2.5 Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene therapy
Text Book (s):
1. Introduction to Biotechnology; William J. Thieman and Michael A. Palladino; Benjamin
Cummings. Current edition
2. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology; H.S. Chawla; Science Publishers, Current edition

LSC-OE(2) STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY credits 3-0-0

Unit 1:
1.1 A familiarity with the NMR, X-ray, and computational techniques used to study
macromolecular structure,
1.2 motions in macromolecules and the functional importance of dynamics, the basis for
various types of macromolecular interactions including protein- protein and protein-nucleic
acid interactions,
1.3 The determinants of protein structure and an understanding of the current views of protein
folding, the chemical basis for interactions with enzyme inhibitors and other ligands.
Unit 2:
2.1History of Structural Biology: X-ray crystallographic and NMRstructure of Proteins, and
Nucleic acids.
2.2 Proposition of DNA double helical structure in understanding the blue-print of life- Watson
& Crick [Link] structure of Proteins- fibrous, globular and membrane proteins,
2.3 Nucleosome and Chromatin structure.
2.4Cytoskeleton structure and protein-protein Network,
2.5Muscle [Link] of Heart, Lung and Brain.
Text Book (s):

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 BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD 2020
Department of Life Sciences

1. Textbook of Structural biology by Anders Lilgas, Lars Lilgas, JuiPiskur et al, World
Scientific Publisher, Current edition
2. Advances in structural biology by S. K. Malhotra (Editor), Elsevier. Current edition
3. Membrane structural biology by Mary Luckey, Barnes and Noble Publisher. Current edition
LSC –OE (3) ADVANCED TECHNIQUES credits 3-0-0
Unit 1:
1.1 Spectroscopy – Concepts of spectroscopy, Visible and UV spectroscopy,
1.2 Laws of photometry. BeerLambert’s law, Principles and applications of [Link]
Spectroscopy
1.3 Chromatography – Dialysis, Principles of partition chromatography, paper, thin layer, ion
exchange and affinity chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, HPLC and FPLC
Unit 2:
2.1 Centrifugation – Principles of centrifugation, concepts of RCF,
2.2 Different types of instruments and rotors, preparative, differential and density gradient
centrifugation, analytical ultra-centrifugation,
2.3 Determination of molecular weights and other applications, subcellular fractionation
Unit 3 :
3.1 Electrophoretic techniques – Principles of electrophoretic separation.
3.2 Continuous, zonal and capillary electrophoresis, different types of electrophoresis including
paper, cellulose, acetate/nitrate and gel.
3.3 Electroporation, pulse field gel electrophoresis, EMSA, DNA fingerprinting, and foot
printing.
Unit 4:
4.1 Molecular Biology techniques- Hybridization and blotting, PCR, RT-PCR, Real time PCR,
RFLP, AFLP.
4.2 Chromosome walking, chromosome jumping, DNA microarray, chips and RIA. Methods of
DNA sequencing: Sangers sequencing, 454 sequencing.
4.3 Analysis of SINES and LINES. Genomic insulators.
4.4 Electron microscopy – Transmission and scanning, freeze fracture techniques, specific
staining of biological materials.

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 BINOD BIHARI MAHTO KOYALANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DHANBAD 2020
Department of Life Sciences

4.5 Spectroscopic techniques: Absorption, Florescence, ORD, CD, X-ray diffraction, X-ray
absorption, and NMR.

Text Book (s):

1. Principles of Biochemistry and molecular biology by K. Wilson and J. Walker, Cambridge
University Press. Current edition
2. Principles of Instrumental analysis by D. A. Skoog and J. J. Leary, Saunders College
Publishing, Philadelphia. Current edition

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