9 Commissioning - UK Instructions

9 Commissioning

9.1 Introduction

MiCOM P63x transformer protection relays are fully numerical in their design,
implementing all protection and non-protection functions in software. The relays employ
a high degree of self-checking and, in the unlikely event of a failure, will give an alarm.
As a result of this, the commissioning tests do not need to be as extensive as with
non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.

To commission numeric relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is

functioning correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to
the relay. It is considered unnecessary to test every function of the relay if the settings
have been verified by one of the following methods:

 Extracting the settings applied to the relay using appropriate setting software
(preferred method – using MiCOM S1)
 Via the operator interface

Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for determining
the application-specific settings to be applied to the relay and for testing of any scheme
logic applied by external wiring and/or configuration of the relay’s internal programmable
scheme logic.

Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with
the contents of the Technical Data section and the ratings on the equipment’s
rating label.

The MiCOM P63x relay must not be disassembled in any way during
commissioning.

9.2 Product Familiarisation

Settings
When commissioning a MiCOM P63x relay for the first time, sufficient time should be
allowed to become familiar with the method by which the settings are applied.

With the secondary front cover in place all keys except the ENTER key are accessible.
With the cover fitted, no protection or configuration settings can be changed.

Removing the secondary front cover allows access to all keys so that settings can be
changed, LED’s and alarms reset, and fault and event records cleared. However, for
setting and configuration cells, the appropriate password has to be entered before
changes can be made.

Alternatively, if a portable PC is available together with suitable setting software (such as

MiCOM S1), the menu can be viewed a page at a time to display a full column of data
and text. This PC software also allows settings to be entered more easily, saved to a file
on disk for future reference or printed to produce a setting record. Refer to the PC
software user manual for details. If the software is being used for the first time, allow
sufficient time to become familiar with its operation.

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Reference to Menu
Addresses
To simplify the specifying of menu cell locations in these Commissioning Instructions,
they will be given in the form [menu address: FUNCTION GROUP, Cell Description].

When using MiCOM S1 software, the toolbar command Edit… Find… can be used to
jump directly to a chosen address.

Module Positions
Each internal circuit board/module has its connections terminated at a block on the rear
of the relay. The slot position of each module is numbered from 01 to 20, with slot 01 on
the left, and slot 20 at the right (viewed from rear). Each module also has a generic
alpha identifier: A, T, V, X, Y used in documentation, used to abbreviate its purpose (e.g.
V denotes a power supply module).

Terminal References
All terminals are prefixed by identifier X, and then a numeric location. The first two digits
of the location denote the module slot position as described above. Thus, X20nn would
be connection number “nn” for the terminal block in slot 20.

9.3 Equipment Required for Commissioning

Minimum Equipment
Required
Multifunctional current and voltage injection test set.

Multimeter with suitable ac current range, and ac and dc voltage ranges of 0 – 300V.

Continuity tester (if not included in multimeter)

Optional Equipment
Multi-finger test plug type P992 (if test block type P991 installed) or MMLB (if using
MMLG blocks)

An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a dc output not exceeding 500V (for
insulation resistance testing when required).

A portable PC, with appropriate MiCOM S1 software (this enables the rear
communications port to be tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable
time during commissioning).

EIA(RS)485 to EIA(RS)232 converter, if rear communications ports COMM1 and

COMM2 are to be tested. Example converter is ALSTOM type CK222.

A printer (for printing a setting record from the portable PC).

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9.4 Product Checks

These product checks cover all aspects of the relay which should be checked to ensure
that it has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly
and all input quantity measurements are within the stated tolerances.

If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to commissioning,
it is advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow their restoration later. This
could be done by:

 Obtaining a setting file on a diskette from the customer (this requires a portable PC
with appropriate setting software for transferring the settings from the PC to the relay)
 Extracting the settings from the relay itself (this again requires a portable PC with
appropriate setting software)

With the Relay

De-Energised
The following group of tests should be carried out without the auxiliary supply being
applied to the relay and with the trip circuit isolated.

The current and voltage transformer connections must be isolated from the relay for
these checks. If a P991 or MMLG test block is provided, the required isolation can easily
be achieved by inserting test plug type P992 / MMLB which effectively open-circuits all
wiring routed through the test block.

Before inserting the test plug, reference should be made to the scheme (wiring) diagram
to ensure that this will not potentially cause damage or a safety hazard. For example, the
test block may be associated with protection current transformer circuits. It is essential
that the sockets in the test plug which correspond to the current transformer secondary
windings are shorted. In the case of an MMLB test plug, the user must make the shorts
manually on the plug BEFORE it is inserted into the MMLG test block.

Danger: Never open circuit the secondary circuit of a current transformer since the
high voltage produced may be lethal and could damage insulation.

Danger: For pin terminal relays, never disconnect the T module terminal block - it is
NOT a shorting block, and CT connections will be open circuited.

If a test block is not provided, the voltage transformer supply to the relay should be
isolated by means of the panel links or connecting blocks. The line current transformers
should be short-circuited and disconnected from the relay terminals. Where means of
isolating the auxiliary supply and trip circuit (e.g. isolation links, fuses, MCB, etc.) are
provided, these should be used. If this is not possible, the wiring to these circuits will
have to be disconnected and the exposed ends suitably terminated to prevent them from
being a safety hazard.

Visual Inspection
Carefully examine the relay to see that no physical damage has occurred since
installation.

The rating information given under the top access cover on the front of the relay should
be checked to ensure it is correct for the particular installation.

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Ensure that the case earthing connection, is used to connect the relay to a local earth bar
2
using a conductor of minimum cross-sectional area 2.5mm . The case earth should be
verified, made tight to the side of the case by nut/bolt.

Visual Inspection
Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for
them to be done and they have not been performed during installation.

Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or brushless
insulation tester at a dc voltage not exceeding 500V. Terminals of the same circuits
should be temporarily connected together.

The main groups of relay terminals are:

 Voltage transformer circuits (situated on module(s) T)

 Current transformer circuits (situated on module(s) T)
 Power supply (situated on module V)
 Opto-isolated binary inputs, situated on V and X/Y (populated slots)
 Relay output contacts, situated on V and X/Y (populated slots). Also, milliamp
current loop measured inputs and outputs, situated on module Y.
 EIA(RS)485 COMM1 and COMM2 ports, situated on module A (slot 02)

The insulation resistance should be greater than 100MΩ at 500V.

On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly
reconnected to the relay.

External Wiring
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme diagram.
The relay diagram number appears on the rating label under the top access cover on the
front of the relay, written in the form P638.4xx.

If a P991 or MMLG test block is provided, the connections should be checked against the
scheme (wiring) diagram. Check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the
installation to ensure compliance with the customers normal practice.

Auxiliary supply
The P63x relay can be operated from either a dc only or an ac/dc auxiliary supply
depending on the relay’s nominal supply rating. The incoming voltage must be within the
operating range specified in Table 9-1.

Without energising the relay measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it is within the
operating range.

Nominal Supply Rating DC [AC rms] DC Operating Range AC Operating Range

24V [N/A] 19.2 to 26.4V -
48 – 250V [100 – 230V] 38 to 275V 80 to 254V

Table 9-1 Operational range of auxiliary supply Vx

It should be noted that the P63x relay can withstand an ac ripple of up to 12% of the
upper rated voltage on the dc auxiliary supply.

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Do not energise the relay using the battery charger with the battery disconnected
as this can irreparably damage the relay’s power supply circuitry.

Energise the relay only if the auxiliary supply is within the specified operating ranges, and
also the power supply protective earth/ground connection is connected. The ground
conductor is connected to V module terminal X__27 (ring terminal relay) or X__39 (pin
2
terminal relay), and the minimum wire cross section is 1.5mm . If a test block is
provided, it may be necessary to link across the front of the test plug to connect the
auxiliary supply to the relay.

With the Relay Energised

The following group of tests verify that the relay hardware and software is functioning
correctly and should be carried out with the auxiliary supply applied to the relay.

The current and voltage transformer connections must remain isolated from the relay for
these checks. The trip circuit should also remain isolated to prevent accidental operation
of the associated circuit breaker.

Power-Up Verification
On application of the supply voltage, the P63x will start-up. During start-up LEDs will
flash, and the display will show a sequence of arrows on the LCD display >>>>>. After
approximately 15s the display will stabilise showing “P63x”, and the relay is ready. Verify
that the “HEALTHY” LED is illuminated.

If no settings have previously been applied to the relay, the “OUT OF SERVICE” LED
may also be showing.

Date and Time

The date and time should now be set to the correct values. The method of setting will
depend on whether accuracy is being maintained via the optional Inter-Range
Instrumentation Group standard B (IRIG-B) port on the rear of the relay.

With an IRIG-B Signal

If a satellite time clock signal conforming to IRIG-B is provided and the relay has the
optional IRIG-B port fitted at slot 02, the satellite clock equipment should be energised.

To allow the relay’s time and date to be maintained from an external IRIG-B source cell
[056.072: Parameters/Config/IRIGB, Function Group IRIG-B] must be set to ‘With’ and
[023.200: ……………./Config/IRIGB, General Enable USER] must be set to ‘Yes’.

Ensure the relay is receiving the IRIG-B signal by checking that cell [023.202:
Measurements/Log.State signals/IRIGB, IRIG-B Ready] reads ‘Yes’.

Once the IRIG-B signal is active, adjust the time offset of the universal co-ordinated time
(satellite clock time) on the satellite clock equipment so that local time is displayed.

Check the time is correct in cell [003.091: Measured Operating Data/MAIN, Time]. The
IRIG-B signal does not contain the current year so it will need to be set manually in the
date cell. Set the year in cell [003.090: …………………………………/MAIN, Date], and
verify the date shown is correct.

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In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, the time and date will be maintained.
Therefore, when the auxiliary supply is restored, the time and date will be correct and not
need to be set again.

To test this, remove the IRIG-B signal, then remove the auxiliary supply from the relay.
Leave the relay de-energised for approximately 30 seconds. On re-energisation, the date
and time in cells 003.090 and 003.091 should be correct.

Reconnect the IRIG-B signal.

Without an IRIG-B Signal

If the time and date is not being maintained by an IRIG-B signal, ensure that cell
[056.072] is set to ‘Without’

Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using cells [003.091: Meas/MAIN,
Time] and [003.090: Meas/MAIN, Date].

In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, the time and date will be maintained.
Therefore, when the auxiliary supply is restored, the time and date will be correct and not
need to be set again.

To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30 seconds. On
re-energisation, the date and time in cells 003.090 and 003.091 should be correct.

Light Emitting Diodes

(LED’s)
On power up the green LED should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that the
relay is HEALTHY. (The Out of Service LED will also be lit if no settings have yet been
applied to the relay). Any LEDs still illuminated from previous faults or injection tests
should be reset by pressing the CLEAR (“C”) key.

Check that on pressing the “C” key ALL LED indicators momentarily light and then
extinguish.

Check and record that the HEALTHY LED remains lit.

Input Opto-Isolators
(Binary Status Inputs)
This test checks that all the opto-isolated inputs on the relay are functioning correctly.

The opto-isolated inputs should be energised one at a time, as per the external wiring
diagram. Ensure correct polarity, with the positive battery voltage applied to the lowest
numbered terminal, and negative to the highest number for the input concerned (e.g.
Opto input U201 for the ring terminal relay should be energised at terminals X2013 (+ve)
and X2014 (-ve)).

If possible, the voltage applied to the opto should be generated by operation of the item
of plant which that opto normally monitors. e.g. If an opto input is assigned to 52b (circuit
breaker open), then correct wire routing and indication is best ascertained by movement
of the real contacts, or a test short connected across them.

Opto inputs are polarity sensitive, and DC rated only. Do not energise from an
alternating current supply.

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The status of each opto-isolated input can be viewed in the Operation subheading in the
menu, under Phys State Signals, example cell for opto input U201 [153.086:
Operation…/INP, State U201]. A de-energised input is indicated by the display ‘Low’, and
when an input is energised the display should read ‘High’.

Output Relays
This test checks that all the output relays are functioning correctly. It can also be used to
verify that output contact wiring is routed to the correct location, via the panel/cubicle
wiring.

Connect a continuity tester across the terminals corresponding to the output relay being
tested, as given in the external connection diagram.

Output contacts will be operated by manual commands – ensure that contact

operation is permitted, without dangerous/unwanted consequences. For example,
operation of contacts assigned to trip or close duties should only be undertaken if
the CB is locked for no operation, or if operation is permitted.

The output relays should be energised one at a time. The means of operating contacts is
within the Control and Testing sub-heading in the menu, via the heading Operation. The
user first selects which contact should be operated, at cell [153.086: Control and
Testing/OUTP, Relay assign. f test]. The contact to be operated is selected by scrolling
down the list and selecting Configure.

Once configured, stepping down to the next cell in the menu [003.043: OUTP, Relay
Test] allows the user to apply the test by selecting ‘Execute’. With default settings, the
selected contact will be operated for 1 second. Operation will be confirmed by the
continuity tester operating for a normally open contact and ceasing to operate for a
normally closed contact.

Note: It should be ensured that thermal ratings of anything connected to the output
relays during the contact test procedure is not exceeded by the associated
output relay being operated for too long. It is therefore advised that the time
between application and removal of contact test is kept to the minimum.

Rear Communications
Port(s): COMM1 and
COMM2 (If Used)
This test should only be performed where the relay is to be accessed from a remote
location and will vary depending on the communications standard being adopted.

It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the
relay to the remote location, just the relay’s rear communications port and any protocol
converter necessary.

IEC60870-5-103
Communications COMM1
Connect a portable PC running the appropriate IEC60870-5-103 Master Station software
to the relay’s EIA(RS)485 port via a EIA(RS)485 to EIA(RS)232 interface convertor. It is
strongly recommended that MiCOM S1 software is used for this test, as it uses the –103
protocol for its communication.

Where the communication is –103 protocol over fibre optic, the appropriate fibre link will
need to be made and tested.

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Ensure that the Relay/Octet communication address, Baud rate, and Parity settings in the
COMM1 Configuration sub-heading are set to match the Master Station set-up.

Check that communications with this relay can be established.

Modbus Communications
COMM1
Connect a portable PC running the appropriate Modbus Master Station software to the
relay’s EIA(RS)485 port via a EIA(RS)485 to EIA(RS)232 interface convertor.

Ensure that the Relay/Octet communication address, Baud rate, and Parity settings in the
COMM1 Configuration sub-heading are set to match the Master Station set-up.

Check that communications with this relay can be established.

DNP 3.0 Interface COMM1

Connect a portable PC running the appropriate DNP3 Master Station software to the
relay’s EIA(RS)485 port via a EIA(RS)485 to EIA(RS)232 interface convertor.

Ensure that the Relay/Octet communication address, Baud rate, and Parity settings in the
COMM1 Configuration sub-heading are set to match the Master Station set-up.

Check that communications with this relay can be established.

IEC60870-5-103
Communications COMM2
This test is only valid for relays having a second communications port fitted, COMM2.

Connect a portable PC running MiCOM S1 software to the relay’s EIA(RS)485 port via a
EIA(RS)485 to EIA(RS)232 interface convertor. If the second port is being used for
an-off site MODEM link, remote access can be tested at this stage.

Ensure that the Relay/Octet communication address, Baud rate, and Parity settings in the
COMM1 Configuration sub-heading are set to match the Master Station set-up.

Check that communications with this relay can be established.

PT100 Temperature RTD

Probe (Where Fitted)
This tests that where ambient temperature compensation of the thermal protection is
applied, the RTD probe is connected/measuring correctly, and that the correct ambient
temperature is being measured.

To check correct RTD fitting:

[039.127 and 039.187: Log.state signals/THERM1 and THERM2, CTA Error]

 Must show “No” error, and…

[004.154 and 004.174: Meas./THERM1 and THERM2, Coolant temperature]

 Must show an ambient air temperature as expected.

Apply Application-Specific
Settings
There are two methods of applying the settings to the relay:

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 Transferring them from a pre-prepared setting file to the relay using a portable PC
running the appropriate software via the relay’s front EIA(RS)232 port, located under
the bottom access cover, or rear communications port. This method is preferred for
transferring function settings as it is much faster and there is less margin for error

If a setting file has been created for the particular application and provided on a diskette,
this will further reduce the commissioning time and should always be the case where
application-specific programmable scheme logic is to be applied to the relay.

 Enter them manually via the relay’s operator interface

Current Inputs
This test verifies that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable
tolerances.

All relays will leave the factory set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz. If
operation at 60Hz is required then this must be set in cell [010.030: Function
Parameters/Global/MAIN, Frequency fnom].

To avoid spurious operation of protection elements during injection testing,

ensure that the Protection is “Disabled” at cell [003.030: Function
Parameters/Global/MAIN, Protection Enabled].

Apply current equal to the line current transformer secondary winding rating to each
current transformer input in turn, checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The
corresponding reading can then be checked under Cyclic Measurements readout in the
menu. When reading the per unit (p.u.) measurements of current, the relevant reading
should be 1 (unity).

The measurement accuracy of the relay is ±1%. However, an additional allowance must
be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.

Next, to check that all three phase CTs associated with one winding are of the same
polarity, the same current should be applied to phases A,B, and C – phase displaced as
o o
per a balanced 3 phase set. This will be for phase angles ∠A = 0 , ∠B = -120 , ∠C =
o
120 , for a standard ABC phase rotation system.

Starting for end „a“ CTs, apply the balanced current, and check the measured residual
current for the winding – address [005.141; Current IN, a p.u.]. The residual curent
measured should be less than 0.05 p.u.

q Repeat for end b.

q For P633 and P634 – repeat for end c.
q For P634 – repeat for end d.
If high residual current is measured, one or more of the CT circuits for the end concerned
may have a problem (for example – an inverted connection).

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Voltage Input (where fitted)

Apply voltage equal to the line voltage transformer secondary winding rating to the VT
input, checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading can then
be checked under in the relay menu. When reading the per unit (p.u.) measurements of
voltage, the relevant reading should be 1 (unity).

The measurement accuracy of the relay is ±0.5%. However, an additional allowance

must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.

9.5 Setting Checks

The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific relay settings (i.e. both the
relay’s function and programmable scheme logic settings), for the particular installation,
have been correctly applied to the relay.

Note (1):The trip circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental
operation of the associated circuit breaker.

Note (2):If the user wishes the relay to be incapable of tripping the circuit breaker by
means of inhibiting the trip output contact(s), this can be set at:

 [021.012: Function Parameters/Global/MAIN, Trip Cmd. Block USER]

Demonstrate Correct Relay

Operation
The current and voltage tests have already demonstrated that the relay is within
calibration, thus the purpose of these tests is as follows:

 To determine that the primary protection function of the relay, differential protection,
can trip according to the correct application settings
 To verify correct setting of any restricted earth fault (REF) protection.
 To verify correct assignment of the trip contacts, by monitoring the response to a
selection of fault injections
 The customer’s desired setting group to be left in-service after testing is used. This
is generally Settings Group PS1, and verification that the relay has the correct group
applied should be done by reading cell [003.062: Cyclic Measurements/../PSS, Actual
Param Subset]

To enable the protection elements, ensure that the Protection is “Enabled” at cell
[003.030: Function Settings/Global/MAIN, Protection Enabled]

Checking differential
sensitivity
For single-side infeeding to an in-zone fault, the fault current characteristic crosses the
first knee of the tripping characteristic of the P63x, so that an injection test will find the
Idiff> setting [072.142].

The current I to which the P63x responds for single-side feeding is calculated as follows:

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I diff > ⋅I nom , z

I=
kz

z: Ends a or b
Idiff>: Set differential minimum sensitivity
Inom,z: Nominal CT current of the P63x for the winding concerned
kz: Amplitude matching factor for winding [address 004.105 for HV]

The differential and restraining currents formed by the P63x are displayed as measured
operating data. They aid in assessing whether the connection of the P63x to the system
current transformers is correct. The display of differential and restraining currents is
prevented, however, if they fall below minimum thresholds that can be set by the user.

Connect the test equipment to the relay via the test block(s) taking care not to open-
circuit any CT secondary. If MMLG type test blocks are used, the live side of the test
plug must be provided with shorting links before it is inserted into the test block.

Apply balanced three-phase current slightly less than the Idiff> setting to the HV side CT
inputs only (these CTs are usually the input designated as „end a“). Observe that no trip
should occur, and the red Trip LED remains extinguished.

Ramp up the current until a trip occurs and the Trip LED illuminates.

Record the current at which the relay tripped. The measured current should be within +/-
10% of the Idiff> setting (relay accuracy 5%, plus test set accuracy 5%).

Checking differential
through stability by primary
injection
To check for through stability, it is preferable, especially for a new transformer installation
to simulate a through-fed external fault, by a real primary fault simulation. This is
achieved by placing a three phase bolted short circuit on the downstream side of the LV
CTs, and energising the HV winding from a three phase medium voltage supply.
Typically, the HV winding is energised only from a voltage rated within the range 400 to
440V, to limit the through fault current. In such a through fault scenario, the relay should
not trip.

The procedure for primary testing is not covered here, as it must respect utility safety
rules, permits to work, sanctions for testing, etc.

Checking differential
through stability by
secondary injection
If primary injection to verify correct settings, vector group correction, and CT orientation is
not possible, secondary injection testing should be performed. For a two-winding
transformer, a fault current is simulated flowing out of the LV side, with a balancing set of
currents on one or two phases flowing into the HV side. If all settings and CT orientations
are correct, no trip should occur, and minimal differential current will be measured by the
relay. For a relay with more than two bias inputs (P633 and P634 models), the external
fault injection must be repeated for each additional set of CT inputs. For example, in a
P633 there should be an injection for a through fed fault winding a to b, and then
afterwards for winding a to c.

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During these tests, unbalanced faults will be simulated, which could cause
restricted earth fault, residual current, and negative sequence protection elements
to operate. As these elements are not being tested at this stage, they should be
disabled in the „General Functions“ section of the menu. For example, to
temporarily disable REF1 set [019.050: Parameters/Function Parameters/General
Functions/REF1] General Enable User = „No“.

Make a note of all functions whose General Enable USER setting must be restored to
“Yes” after the testing is completed.

Yy Transformers,
Autotransformer, and
Busbar Applications
This test simulates current flowing through the transformer to an out-of-zone external
fault.

In such applications, it is simple to inject a fault current flowing out of the A phase at end
“b”. Because the same zero sequence filtering setting is applied for the end a and end b
inputs, then if the current simulated is 1 per unit (1 p.u.) out of end b, the input current to
balance at end a is easy to determine.

For ease of injection, a single phase current equal to the CT secondary rating (1A or 5A)
o
is simulated to flow OUT on phase A, end b. On an automatic test set, use INOM ∠-180 .

To balance, a current is applied to one phase input at end a (the HV winding, in a

transformer application). The magnitude should be a current equal to Kb / Ka x INOM, and
at a phase angle as shown below:

End b Current (end b = LV) End a Current (end a - HV)

injected injected
phase phase
o o
Yy0, Autotrafo. A INOM ∠-180 A INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
and busbar
o o
Yy2 A INOM ∠-180 C INOM . Kb / Ka ∠-180
o o
Yy4 A INOM ∠-180 B INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
o o
Yy6 A INOM ∠-180 A INOM . Kb / Ka ∠-180
o o
Yy8 A INOM ∠-180 C INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
o o
Yy10 A INOM ∠-180 B INOM . Kb / Ka ∠-180

Table 9-2 Through fault stability for Yy ends

The amplitude matching factors Ka and Kb can be found in the menu, at addresses
[004.105] and [004.106]. Note that in each case, Inom relates to the CT rating of the end
being injected.

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Apply the fault currents for approximately one second. It should be observed that if end a
and end b CTs are in the correct orientation that no trip should occur. It is important too
to read the displayed „Diff. Current“ 1, 2 and 3 measurements in the relay menu, to check
that these measurements are low. These measurements must show less than 0.1 p.u.
(10%), to prove that a balance is achieved.

(The reason that the differential currents must be read is that in certain busbar
applications the Idiff> trip threshold may be set higher than Inom, so that even a wrong
CT connection would not cause a trip). The differential current measurement displays
are found in cell [005.080] and onwards.

It is not necessary to repeat the injection for other phases, because their orientation has
already been proven to be in the same direction as for Phase A (when the „Current
Inputs“ were checked).

Dy and Yd applications
This test simulates current flowing through the transformer to an out-of-zone external
fault.

In such applications, it is necessary to inject a fault current flowing out of the A phase on
whichever winding is the star (wye) end. For a Dy configuration it will be the LV side (end
b), for a Yd configuration it will be the HV side (end a). The star winding phase A shares
the same power transformer limb as two phases on the opposite side, such that a two
phase current loop will need to be injected to achieve a balance.

For ease of injection, a single phase current equal to the CT secondary rating (1A or 5A)
o
is simulated to flow OUT on phase A. On an automatic test set, use INOM ∠-180 .

To balance, a current is applied to two phase CT inputs (delta side). The magnitude
should be a current equal to Kb / (√3.Ka) x INOM, and at the phase angles as shown below:

Star end Current Delta side Current

injected (star) injected
phase loop
o o
Dy1 or Yd11 A INOM ∠-180 A-B IA = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠0
o
IB = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠-180
o o
Dy3 or Yd9 A INOM ∠-180 C-B IC = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠0
o
IB = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠-180
o o
Dy5 or Yd7 A INOM ∠-180 C-A IC = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠0
o
IA = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠-180
o o
Dy7 or Yd5 A INOM ∠-180 B-A IB = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠0
o
IA = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠-180
o o
Dy9 or Yd3 A INOM ∠-180 B-C IB = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠0
o
IC = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠-180
o o
Dy11 or Yd1 A INOM ∠-180 A-C IA = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠0
o
IC = INOM . Kb / √3Ka ∠-180

Table 9-3 Through fault stability for delta-star ends

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-13

Commissioning
(continued)

The amplitude matching factors Ka and Kb can be found in the menu, at addresses
[004.105] and [004.106]. Note that in each case, Inom relates to the CT rating of the end
being injected.

The delta side loop current may be applied as two separate current ouputs from a test
set, or one current looped out through the first phase specified, and returning back
through the latter phase input.

Apply the fault currents for approximately one second. It should be observed that if end a
and end b CTs are in the correct orientation that no trip should occur. It is important too
to read the displayed „Diff. Current“ 1, 2 and 3 measurements in the relay menu, to check
that these measurements are low. These measurements must show less than 0.1 p.u.
(10%), to prove that a balance is achieved.

The differential current measurement displays are found in cell [005.080] and onwards.

It is not necessary to repeat the injection for other phases, because their orientation has
already been proven to be in the same direction as for Phase A (when the „Current
Inputs“ were checked).

Dd Applications
This test simulates current flowing through the transformer to an out-of-zone external
fault.

In many such applications, there may be in-zone earthing transformers, so it easiest to

simulate an external phase-phase fault, to avoid simulating a zero sequence current. If
the current simulated is 1 per unit (1 p.u.) out of end b, the input current to balance at end
a is easy to determine. In the simplest application of a Dd0 transformer, an A-B fault is
simulated flowing out of the LV side, fed by an A-B loop input on the HV side.

For ease of injection, a loop current equal to the CT secondary rating (1A or 5A) is
simulated to flow OUT on phase A, end b, and looping back through phase B, end b. On
o
an automatic test set, use INOM ∠-180 . Because four phase CT inputs to the relay will be
energised at once, it is necessary that the test set output current for this LV side is set as
a single phase but looping through two phase CT inputs.

To balance, a loop current is applied at end a (the HV winding). The magnitude should
be a current equal to Kb / Ka x INOM, and at a phase angle as shown below. Again, the test
set is configured to generate only one single phase output for this winding, looped
through two phase CT inputs – thus in total the output requirements can be satisfied by a
test set typically having only up to 3 current outputs.

9-14 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

End b Current (end b = LV) End a Current (end a - HV)

injected injected
phase phase
o o
Dd0 A-B INOM ∠-180 A-B INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
o o
Dd2 A-B INOM ∠-180 C-B INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
o o
Dd4 A-B INOM ∠-180 C-A INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
o o
Dd6 A-B INOM ∠-180 B-A INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
o o
Dd8 A-B INOM ∠-180 B-C INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0
o o
Dd10 A-B INOM ∠-180 A-C INOM . Kb / Ka ∠0

Table 9-2 Through fault stability for Dd ends

The amplitude matching factors Ka and Kb can be found in the menu, at addresses
[004.105] and [004.106]. Note that in each case, Inom relates to the CT rating of the end
being injected.

Apply the fault currents for approximately one second. It should be observed that if end a
and end b CTs are in the correct orientation that no trip should occur. It is important too
to read the displayed „Diff. Current“ 1, 2 and 3 measurements in the relay menu, to check
that these measurements are low. These measurements must show less than 0.1 p.u.
(10%), to prove that a balance is achieved.

The differential current measurement displays are found in cell [005.080] and onwards.

It is not necessary to repeat the injection for other phases, because their orientation has
already been proven to be in the same direction as for Phase A (when the „Current
Inputs“ were checked).

Differential Stability -
Summary
It must be ensured that each winding has been covered during the external fault
simulations. For example:

q For a P634 used in a mesh/busbar protection scheme, the stability test should be
performed 3 times: (1) End a-b, (2) End a-c, (3) End a-d. The Yy injection test case
would be used for each test.
q For a P633 protecting a Yd transformer with an HV winding fed from two ring-bus CT
inputs (summated HV from end a + end b), the stability test would be performed 2
times: (1) End a-b, (2) End a-c. The Yy test would be used for (1), and the Yd test
for (2).
Verifying the trip output
contact mapping
At the test set, retain the same injection currents as per the last stability test, but invert
the LV side (end b) current(s) to simulate an internal fault. This effectively simulates a
double end fed fault. To verify correct mapping feed the trip contacts that would be

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-15

Commissioning
(continued)

expected to trip the circuit breaker into the injection test set, to observe that the contact
closes correctly.

Apply the fault current for 100ms – check and record the tripping time.

At this stage, make sure that any protection elements which were disabled by a
USER command to permit differential testing, are now restored to „Enabled“.

Checking REF sensitivity

These tests are performed on a per winding basis, for all elements (REF_1, REF_2,
REF_3) that are used in the application. The tripping sensitivity for the REF differential
protection of one winding with a single end infeed is given by:

I diff > ⋅I nom , z

I=
kz

z: REF_1, 2 or 3
Idiff>: Set REF minimum sensitivity
Inom,z: Nominal phase CT current of the P63x for the winding concerned
kz: Amplitude matching factor for Y CT input [address 004.163 for REF_1]

First start with REF_1 if enabled. Apply a current slightly less than the Idiff> setting to the
IY CT input for that winding only. Observe that no trip should occur, and the red Trip LED
remains extinguished.

Ramp up the current until a trip occurs and the Trip LED illuminates.

Record the current at which the relay tripped. The measured current should be within +/-
10% of the Idiff> setting (relay accuracy 5%, plus test set accuracy 5%).

Note: If the REF is providing low-impedance balanced earth fault protection for a delta
winding, there will be no IY input connected. In such cases, inject instead into the A
phase CT input for the winding concerned, and take the Kz matching factor from address
[004.160]. In such cases it may be necessary to temporarily disable other protection
elements that may trip, in order to view only REF operation.

In high impedance REF applications, take care that the injection test set is able to
support the connected burden of the stabilising resistor. If not, the test injection
may need to be made directly into the relay IY input terminals.

Remember to repeat the REF tests for each winding where it is deployed.

Checking REF through

stability by primary injection
Where REF is providing low-impedance balanced earth fault protection for delta
windings, then no additional testing is required. This is because no IY CT input is
connected, and all phase CT orientations have already been proven to be in the same
sense.

9-16 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

In all high impedance applications, and all applications to protect grounded star (wye)
windings, it will not be possible to prove that all input CTs have the correct directionality,
without a primary injection test.

To check for through stability, it is important, especially for a new transformer installation
to simulate a through-fed external earth fault, by a primary fault simulation. This is
achieved by temporarily shorting the entire A-phase winding to the star point, and then
circulating fault current in a loop through the A-phase CT primary, the short, and the IY
CT primary. In such a through fault scenario, the relay should not trip.

The procedure for primary testing is not covered here, as it must respect utility safety
rules, permits to work, sanctions for testing, etc.

It is important that the primary injection test is undertaken for the REF function,
because even stability with loadflow cannot be used as a test of REF stability.
Whilst balanced load is flowing, there is no way of knowing whether the star point-
ground CT is correctly oriented. Thus, an installation might falsely appear correct
on-load – until such time as an external earth fault happens on the system, and a
maloperation could occur.

Verifying the trip output

contact mapping
(secondary injection)
At the test set, make the same connections and settings as per the REF sensitivity test,
however the current injection should be set to Inom (1A or 5A). To verify correct mapping
feed the trip contacts that would be expected to trip the circuit breaker into the injection
test set, to observe that the contact closes correctly.

Apply the fault current for 100ms – check and record the tripping time.

Repeat the REF tests for other windings, as appropriate.

Check Application Settings

Upon completion of the tests any protection or supervision elements which were
disabled for testing purposes must have their application settings restored. It is
not essential to injection test non-differential elements, as the basic integrity of the
setting file, and relay calibration have already been verified.

The settings applied should be carefully checked against the required application-specific
settings to ensure that they are correct, and have not been mistakenly altered during the
injection test.

There are two methods of checking the settings:

 Extract the settings from the relay using a portable PC running MiCOM S1 software
via the front EIA(RS)232 port, located under the bottom access cover, or rear
communications port. Compare the settings transferred from the relay with the
original written application-specific setting record. (For cases where the customer
has only provided a printed copy of the required settings but a portable PC is
available)

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-17

Commissioning
(continued)

 Step through the settings using the relay’s operator interface and compare them with
the original application-specific setting record

It is very important that the key settings below are investigated:

Checking that the Correct

Settings Group is Active
Ensure that the active setting group left applied is as expected. In the menu, navigate to:

 [003.062: …../PSS, Actual Param Subset]

 Read out and record the Setting Group shown, Parameter Subset PSx

Checking that the

Protection is Switched On
Ensure that this is set to Yes (= On). In the menu, navigate to:

 [003.030: Function Parameters/Global/MAIN, Protection Enabled]

 Read out and record that this shows “Yes”

Checking that No Blocking

of Output Relays is
Inadvertently Left Applied
In the menu, navigate to both of the following addresses to check that no User
programmable inhibits (blocks) on contact operation remain. All should show “No”.

 [021.014: Function Parameters/Global/OUTP, USER Outp Rel Block]

 [021.012: Function Parameters/Global/MAIN, Trip Cmd. Block USER]

Checking that the Primary

Protection Function
(Differential) is Enabled
In the menu, navigate to all of the following addresses to check that the display reads
“With” or “Yes” in each instance:

 [056.027: Configuration/DIFF, Function Group DIFF]

 [019.080: Function Parameters/General Functions/DIFF, General Enable USER]
 [07y.152: Function Parameters/Parameter Subset PSx/DIFF, Enable]

Note that address “y” is the required setting group “x”, plus one

Ensuring that All Records

and Memories Have Been
Reset
In the menu, navigate to both of the following addresses to execute resetting. The
general reset is password protected… (Input the password, which by default is a press of
the four arrow keys <>∧∨, left-right-up-down in sequence. Press ENTER, and if the
password has been accepted the EDIT mode LED will light. The up or down key can now
be used to toggle the setting to “Execute”, then press ENTER.)

 [003.002: Operation/Control & Testing/MAIN, General Reset]

 [003.008: Operation/Control & Testing/MT_RC, Reset Recording]

9-18 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

Check Correct Display of

Status LEDs
The status of the 5 LED indicators on the left hand-side of the relay front panel should be
checked.

 The TRIP LED should not be showing

 The ALARM LED should not be showing
 The OUT OF SERVICE LED should not be showing
 The green HEALTHY LED must be illuminated
 The ENTER/edit mode LED should not be showing

9.6 On-Load Checks

The objectives of the on-load checks are to:

 Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct
 Directionality check for any directionalised IDMT or DTOC1 elements

 Check to ensure load angle measurements will be correct

However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
energisation of the plant being protected.

Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that
has been removed to allow testing.

If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced
in accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.

When advised by the system operator that it is permitted to energise the primary
circuit, arrange for the protected transformer to be made live by closing the circuit
breaker. This will make VT and CT circuits live.

Confirm Current and

Voltage Transformer Wiring
Voltage Connection
For the voltage input to the relay, verify that the analogue reading is as expected. When
reading the per unit (p.u.) measurement of voltage, the relevant reading should be 1
(unity) when the line voltage is equal to the [010.002: Function Parameters/Global/MAIN,
Vnom V.T. Prim.] setting in kV.

Current Connections
For each current input to the relay, verify that the analogue reading is as expected.
When reading the per unit (p.u.) measurements of current, the relevant reading should be
1 (unity) when the line current is equal to the [In C.T. Prim.] setting in A.

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-19

Commissioning
(continued)

On Load Directional Test

This test is important to ensure that the relay functions have the correct forward/reverse
response to fault and load conditions. The check is not required if the voltage input is not
connected.

Firstly the actual direction of power flow on the system must be ascertained, using
adjacent instrumentation or protection already in-service, or a knowledge of the prevailing
network operation conditions.

 Check the [005.014] and [005.016] load angle readings to check they are as
expected.

9.7 Final Checks

The tests are now complete.

Remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been necessary to disconnect
any of the external wiring from the relay in order to perform the wiring verification tests, it
should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with the relevant
external connection or scheme diagram.

If a P991/MMLG test block is installed, remove the P992/MMLB test plug and replace the
cover so that the protection is put into service.

If applicable, replace the secondary front cover on the relay.

The green HEALTHY LED must be illuminated

9-20 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

9.8 P63X Commissioning Test Record

Date: Engineer:

S/Station Circuit:

System Frequency:

Front Plate Information

Model No. P63_______________________

Variant P63_-_________-3__-4__-6__-___-___-___-
Serial Number/MM/YY / /
(includes month and year of manuf.)
Front Plate Station Rating Used
Rated Current In 1A / 5A A
Rated Voltage Vn 50 – 130V V
Auxiliary Voltage Vx V

Test Equipment Used

This section should be completed to allow future identification of protective devices that have been commissioned using
equipment that is later found to be defective or incompatible but may not be detected during the commissioning
procedure.

Injection Test Set Model:

Serial No:

Multimeter: Model:
Serial No:
Insulation Tester Model:
Serial No:
Setting Software: Type: MiCOM S1
Version:

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-21

Commissioning
(continued)

Tick as Appropriate

Have all relevant safety instructions been Yes No

followed?

Product Checks

With the Relay De-energised

Visual Inspection Tick as Appropriate

Relay damaged? Yes No

Rating information correct for installation? Yes No

Case earth installed? Yes No

Insulation Resistance >100MΩ at 500V dc Visual Yes No Not tested

Inspection

External Wiring Tick as Appropriate

Wiring checked against diagram? Yes No

Test block connections checked? Yes No na

Tick as Appropriate

Measured Auxiliary Supply V ac V dc

Power supply protective earth installed? Yes No

With the relay energised

Tick as Appropriate

Healthy LED Illuminated After Boot-up? Yes No

Date and Time Tick as Appropriate

Clock set to local time? Yes No

Time maintained when auxiliary supply removed? Yes No

9-22 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

Light Emitting Diodes Tick as Appropriate

All LEDs illuminate on press of “C” key? Yes No

Input Opto-isolators (Starting from Right Side) Tick as Appropriate

Opto input U201 working? Yes No

Opto input U202 working? Yes No

Opto input U203 working? Yes No

Opto input U204 working? Yes No

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-23

Commissioning
(continued)

Opto input U___ working? Yes No na

Output Relays (Starting from Right Hand Side)

Tick as Appropriate

Relay K201 Working? Yes No

Relay K202 Working? Yes No

Relay K203 Working? Yes No

Relay K204 Working? Yes No

Relay K205 Working? Yes No

Relay K206 Working? Yes No

Relay K207 Working? Yes No

Relay K208 Working? Yes No

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

9-24 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Relay K___ Working? Yes No na

Tick as Appropriate

COMM1 Communication Standard Modbus IEC -103 DNP 3.0

Communications established? Yes No

Protocol convertor tested? Yes No na

COMM2 Communications established? Yes No

MODEM tested? Yes No na

Tick as Appropriate

RTD Probe Working? (Where Fitted) Yes No

Ambient temperature shown °C

Setting Checks

Tick as Appropriate

Application-specific function settings applied? Yes No

Current Inputs

In end a CT Ratio (HV winding) / (prim/sec)

In end b CT Ratio / (prim/sec)

In end c CT Ratio / (prim/sec)

In end d CT Ratio / (prim/sec)

End a neutral CT Ratio / (prim/sec)

End b neutral CT Ratio / (prim/sec)

End c neutral CT Ratio / (prim/sec)

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-25

Commissioning
(continued)

Input CT Applied Value Displayed Value

ΙA, a (HV DIFF A phase input) A p.u.

ΙB, a (HV DIFF B phase input) A p.u.

ΙC, a (HV DIFF C phase input) A p.u.

ΙA, b A p.u.

ΙB, b A p.u.

ΙC, b A p.u.

ΙA, c A p.u. Na

ΙB, c A p.u. Na

ΙC, c A p.u. Na

ΙA, d A p.u. Na

ΙB, d A p.u. Na

ΙC, d A p.u. Na

ΙY, a (REF) A p.u. Na

ΙY, b (REF) A p.u. Na

ΙY, c (REF) A p.u. Na

Voltage Input

VT Ratio / (prim/sec)

Input VT Applied Value Displayed Value

V V p.u.

9-26 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

Differential Element Tests

Tick as Appropriate

DIFF Idiff> pickup sensitivity OK Yes No

DIFF through fault stability (end a to b) OK Yes No

DIFF through fault stability (end a to c) OK Yes No Na

DIFF through fault stability (end a to d) OK Yes No Na

DIFF Protection Trip Contact Routing OK? Yes No

DIFF trip time s

REF_1 pickup sensitivity OK Yes No Na

REF_1 through fault stability OK Yes No Na

REF_1 Protection Trip Contact Routing OK? Yes No Na

REF_1 trip time s

REF_2 pickup sensitivity OK Yes No Na

REF_2 through fault stability OK Yes No Na

REF_2 Protection Trip Contact Routing OK? Yes No Na

REF_2 trip time s

REF_3 pickup sensitivity OK Yes No Na

REF_3 through fault stability OK Yes No Na

REF_3 Protection Trip Contact Routing OK? Yes No Na

REF_3 trip time s

Tick as Appropriate

Application-Specific Function Settings Verified? Yes No na

Settings extracted and stored as filename….? ___________.x3v na

Active Setting Group left applied (Parameter Subset #) PS

Protection switched on? Yes No

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-27

Commissioning
(continued)

Any user blocking of contacts? Yes No

Differential protection enabled Yes No

Records and memories reset Yes No

HEALTHY LED lit, and no alarms? Yes No

On-Load Checks

Tick as Appropriate

Test wiring removed? Yes No na

Disturbed customer wiring re-checked? Yes No na

Per unit voltage reading as expected? Yes No

Per unit current readings as expected? Yes No

Directionality test performed? Yes No

Final Checks

Tick as Appropriate

Test wiring removed? Yes No na

Disturbed customer wiring re-checked? Yes No na

HEALTHY LED still showing? Yes No

Secondary front cover replaced? na

Commissioning Engineer &XVWRPHU:LWQHVV

Date Date

9-28 P63x/EN CM/A11

9 Commissioning
(continued)

9.9 “As-Fitted” Settings Record

It is recommended that either a MiCOM S1 print-out of settings applied is attached to the

commissioning record here, or preferably the file is stored electronically. The setting file
must be saved and stored securely, for example held on a CDROM kept within the
substation.

Safe electronic storage, under the control of the customer’s quality system, will permit
easy re-use and/or modification of settings in the future.

P63x/EN CM/A11 9-29