NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA

END-SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2023

SESSION: 2023–2024 (Autumn)
B. TECH. 3rd SEMESTER
Subject Code: 2111 Subject Name: Fluid Dynamics Dept. Code: CH
Number of pages: 2 FULL MARKS: 50 Duration: 3 hours
Answer all questions. All parts of a question should be answered at one place.
Missing data if any may suitable be assumed.
[Link]. Particulars Marks
1. (a) A plate, 0.025mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 0.5 m/s and requires a stress 1.5
N/m2 to maintain the speed. Determine the viscosity of fluid used as lubricant between
the plates. 02
(b) A pipe of diameter 1.8 m is required to transport an oil sp. gr. 0.8 and viscosity 0.04
poise at the rate of 4 m3/s. Tests were conducted on a 20 cm diameter pipe using water
at 20οC. Find the velocity and rate of flow in the model. Viscosity of water at 20οC =
0.01 poise. 02
2. By carrying out differential momentum balance on an infinitesimally small fluid volume
(control volume) using realistic assumptions, derive the Navier-Stokes equation in
Cartesian coordinate system. 04
3. Discuss the universal velocity distribution equations for the turbulent flow of a
Newtonian fluid in a circular tube. 03
4. Find the mass flow of air through a venturimeter having inlet diameter 300 mm and
throat diameter 150 mm. The pressure at the inlet of venturimeter is 137.34 kPa and
temperature is 15oC. The pressure at the throat is 127.53 kPa. 03
5. For a diatomic gas stored in a pressure vessel, with appropriate derivation determine the
pressure ratio for maximum mass flow of the gas out of the vessel to the atmosphere
through a nozzle fitted to it. Also show graphically the variation of mass flow rate with
pressure ratio. 03
6. What do you mean by minor losses in pipes? A horizontal pipe of diameter 50 cm
suddenly contracted to a diameter of 25 cm. The pressure intensities in the large and the
smaller pipe is given as 137.34 kPa and 117.72 kPa respectively. Find the loss of head
due to contraction if CC = 0.62. Also determine the rate of flow of water. 03
7. Find the wall shearing stress for turbulent flow in a pipe of diameter 100 mm which
carries water. The velocity at the pipe centre and 30 mm from the pipe centre are 2 m/s
and 1.5 m/s respectively. 02
8. A liquid is pumped through a 15 cm diameter and 300 m long pipe at the rate of 20
tonnes per hour. The density of liquid is 910 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity = 0.002
m2/s. Determine the power required and show that the flow is viscous. 03
9. Calculate the minimum fluidization velocity of coal particles to be fluidized by aqueous
solution of density close to water for beneficiation purpose. The bed is 1.4 m deep and
contains particles of density of 1560 kg/m3 and average size of 0.75 mm. The particle
sphericity may be taken as 0.7 and the bed voidage at minimum fluidization be 0.4. 03
10. For the flow of a fluid through a fixed bed of solid particles, derive the generalized
equation for the calculation of pressure drop per unit length that occurs. 04
11. Define terminal velocity; derive the terminal velocity relation for spherical particle
falling in gravitational field at Re < 1. Discuss criterion for settling regime. 03
12. By drawing velocity triangles over the impeller blade, derive the relation for work done
by the centrifugal pump. 03
13. A centrifugal pump is to discharge 0.118 m3/s of liquid at a speed of 1450 rpm against a
head of 25 m. The impeller diameter is 250 cm and its width at outlet is 5 cm.
Manometric efficiency of the pump is 75%. Determine the vane angle at the outer
periphery of the impeller. 03
14. A single acting reciprocating pump has a piston area 0.15 m2 and stroke of 300 mm is
used to raise water through a height of 20 m. Its crank rotates at 60 rpm. Find the
theoretical power required to run the pump and the theoretical discharge. If actual
discharge is 5 liters/s, find the percentage slip. 03
15. A Pitot static tube is used to measure the velocity of air flowing through a duct. The
manometer shows a difference in head of 5 cm of water. If the density of air and water
are 1.13 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3, determine the velocity of air. Assume the coefficient of
the pitot tube as 0.98. 03
16. An orifice of 8 cm diameter is fitted in a 20 cm diameter pipe that carries oil of specific
gravity 0.8. The mercury manometer attached to the orifice shows a reading of 0.75 m.
Calculate the oil flow rate through the pipe. Assume coefficient of discharge for orifice
as 0.6. 03
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