General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
Department of Electrical, Electronic & Telecommunication
Engineering
Continuous Assessment 3
Power System Protection
Design of a Protection Scheme for a Simple Power
System
NAS THEJANA
D/ENG/22/0059/EE
Table of Contents
1. Load flow analysis data................................................................................................................................3
2. Fault analysis data........................................................................................................................................4
3. Details of the relays/CT/VT used.................................................................................................................5
[Link] of protection devices........................................................................................................................5
[Link] device settings.............................................................................................................................6
4. Time Current Curves (TCC) diagram..........................................................................................................7
5. Discussion....................................................................................................................................................8
2
1. Load flow analysis data
3
2. Fault analysis data
4
3. Details of the relays/CT/VT used
3.1. Details of protection devices
5
3.2. Protection device settings
6
4. Time Current Curves (TCC) diagram
7
5. Discussion
It provides comprehensive technical data and analysis required in designing a protection scheme for the power
system. The following is a comprehensive discussion that incorporates information from the report:
Load flow analysis data basically forms the basis of designing the protection scheme, as it provides the
necessary insight into the power distribution, losses, and voltage levels throughout a network under normal
operating conditions. This helps predict overload situations and finds ways to avoid them in order to ensure
efficient flow of power across the system.
Abnormal conditions, on the other hand, give fault analysis data as a systematic view of different types of
faults: single-line-to-ground, line-to-line, and three-phase faults. The fault data will enable the engineers to
understand system behavior under stress with a focus on the magnitude of fault currents and their possible
consequence to system stability. With accurate fault data, engineers can set protection so it will rapidly isolate
an area experiencing faults to avert cascading failures and preserve critical assets.
These relays, current transformers, and voltage transformers mentioned in the report are major sensing devices
in the protection scheme. The relays operate based on the detection of abnormal currents or voltages and give
a signal to activate the protection devices. CTs and VTs are support devices that transform high voltages and
currents into values within a measurable range and within the operating limits of the relays for correct
measurement and fault detection. This coordinated set-up provides the protection scheme with quick and
appropriate remedial action in case of trouble.
The report also provides details of the specifications of the protection devices like circuit breakers that
physically isolate faulty sections of the network. Their proper configuration and rating are very critical
because they need to withstand maximum fault currents without failure. Properly rated devices not only
enhance system reliability but also prevent extensive damage to other components in the network.
Protection device settings are a compromise between sensitivity to faults and immunity to normal fluctuations.
Application settings, such as overcurrent levels and time delays, are predetermined through load flow and
fault analysis to be selective. That is, only the protection devices nearest a fault operate while the remainder of
the system is not affected. The TCC graph drawn for the devices represents graphically the operating time
with respect to fault currents because it simplifies the coordination work of the relays by having a systematic
way of isolation.
In this regard, finally, it is discussed that the intention of the report is to present a protection scheme including
all these factors combined. Thus, the protection scheme would be able to detect the fault rapidly and locate the
faulty section with accuracy after effective analysis of the system data and proper selection of devices with an
effective setting configuration while giving a minimal consequence on system stability.
