Arrays
Your Task
Write a program that reads 10 numbers from the keyboard and then
stores them
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Your Task
Write a program that reads 10 numbers from the keyboard and then
stores them
Solution 1
int num0, num1, num2, num3, num4, num5, num6, num7,
num8, num9;
printf(“Enter a number 1: ”);
scanf(“ %d”, &num0);
printf(“Enter a number 2: ”);
scanf(“ %d”, &num1);
. . .
printf(“Enter a number 10: ”);
scanf(“ %d”, &num9);
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Array
‣ is a collection of data items of the same element type
‣ to solve many programming problems, it is more
efficient to group data items together in main memory
than to allocate an individual memory cell for each
variable
‣ a collection of two or more adjacent memory cells
called array elements that are associated with a
particular name
‣ is an ordered list of values
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Array
To setup an array in memory, we must declare both the
name of the array and the number of cells associated with it:
double x[8];
The declaration above will instruct the compiler to associate
8 adjacent memory cells with the variable name x.
Each element of array x may contain a single type double
value, so a total of 8 such numbers may be stored and
referenced using the array name x.
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Array
To process the data stored in an array, we reference each
individual element by specifying the array name and
identifying the element desired using a subscripted
variable.
x[2] is element 3 of array x
An array of size N is indexed from zero to N-1
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Array
Declaration and Initialization
Declare and initialize an array of floats:
float prices[3] = {1.2, 2.3, 3.4};
or you can also initialize it later:
float prices[3];
prices[0] = 1.2;
prices[1] = 2.3;
prices[2] = 3.4;
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Array
Declaration and Initialization
Declaring an array of characters of size 3:
char letter[3] = {‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’};
or we can skip the size and leave it to the compiler to
estimate the size of the array:
char letter[] = {‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’};
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Array
Sample Manipulation of the elements of array x
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Your Task
Write a program that reads 10 numbers from the
keyboard and then stores them
Solution 2
int i, numbers[10];
for(i=0; i<10; i++){
printf(“Enter number %d”,i);
scanf(“%d”, &numbers[i];
}
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Array
Example
#define N 10
int i, numbers[N];
for(i=0; i<N; i++){
printf(“Enter number %d”,i);
scanf(“%d”, &numbers[i]);
}
for(i=0; i<N; i++){
printf(“ %d”,numbers[i]);
}
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Array
Example
What will be the output of the following code?
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int a[5] = {5, 1, 15, 20, 25};
int i, j, m;
i = ++a[1];
j = a[1]++;
m = a[i++];
printf("%d, %d, %d", i, j, m);
return 0;
}
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Array as Formal Parameters
‣ when an array with no subscript appears in the argument
list of a function call, what is actually stored in the
function’s corresponding formal parameter is the address
of the initial array element or the base address of the array
‣ when an array is passed as an argument to a function, the
function will be able to manipulate the original array and
not a copy of the array
‣ in C, it is illegal for a function to have an array as return
type
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Array as Formal Parameters
Example
void fill_array(int list[], int n, int value){
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
list[i] = value;
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Array as Formal Parameters
Example (continuation..)
int main(){
int i, size=5,
y[size], value=1;
fill_array(y, size, value);
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
printf("%d ",y[i]);
return 0;
}
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Array as Formal Parameters
When an array without
a subscript is passed
as an argument to a
function call, the base
address of the array or
the address of the
initial element of the
array is passed.
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Multidimensional Arrays
‣ an array with two or more dimensions
Two-Dimensional Array
‣ we will use to represent tables of data, matrices and other two-dimensional objects
Syntax
data_type array_name [size1][size2] … [sizen];
Example
double table[ROW_SIZE][COLUMN_SIZE];
void process_matrix(int in[][4], int out[][4], int row_count);
‣ the size of the first dimension is the only size that can be omitted
‣ multidimensional arrays are initiialized by listing values that are grouped by row
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Multidimensional Arrays
Example
char tictac[3][3] = {{‘x’,’o’,’x’},
{‘o’,’x’,’o’}, {‘o’,’x’,‘x’}};
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