Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):
1. Where is urea primarily produced in the human body?
o A) Kidneys
o B) Stomach
o C) Liver
o D) Pancreas
2. What role do digestive enzymes play in protein consumption?
o A) They store proteins.
o B) They convert proteins into amino acids.
o C) They synthesize new proteins.
o D) They excrete waste products.
3. Which blood vessel carries amino acids from the intestines to the liver?
o A) Aorta
o B) Hepatic portal vein
o C) Renal vein
o D) Pulmonary artery
4. What happens to amino acids that are not needed by the body?
o A) They are stored in muscles.
o B) They are converted into energy.
o C) They are deaminated and converted into urea.
o D) They are excreted directly.
5. What is the primary waste product of cellular respiration in mammals?
o A) Urea
o B) Water
o C) Carbon Dioxide
o D) Glucose
6. How do plants excrete waste gases during the night?
o A) Through roots
o B) Through stomata
o C) Through leaves
o D) Through stems
7. Which organs are responsible for filtering urea from the blood?
o A) Stomach and intestines
o B) Liver and pancreas
o C) Kidneys
o D) Heart and lungs
8. What is the function of the bladder in the excretory system?
o A) To produce urine
o B) To store urine
o C) To filter blood
o D) To absorb nutrients
9. What is the main difference between urea and uric acid?
o A) Urea is less toxic than uric acid.
o B) Urea is produced in the kidneys; uric acid is produced in the liver.
o C) Urea dissolves in water; uric acid does not.
o D) Urea is excreted by plants; uric acid is excreted by animals.
10. Which component of the excretory system carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
o A) Urethra
o B) Ureter
o C) Renal artery
o D) Hepatic portal vein
11. During which physiological process is carbon dioxide produced as a waste product?
o A) Photosynthesis
o B) Fermentation
o C) Respiration
o D) Digestion
12. What would happen if urea levels in the blood become excessively high?
o A) It would enhance metabolism.
o B) It could become toxic to the body.
o C) It would improve kidney function.
o D) It would increase energy levels.
13. Why do plants utilize carbon dioxide during the day?
o A) For respiration
o B) For photosynthesis
o C) For excretion
o D) For nutrient absorption
14. Which part of the excretory system is involved in the voluntary release of urine?
o A) Ureter
o B) Urethra
o C) Bladder
o D) Kidney
15. The nitrogen-containing part of amino acids is ultimately converted into which substance?
o A) Urea
o B) Ammonia
o C) Nitrogen gas
o D) Carbon dioxide
Critical Thinking Questions:
1. Explain the process of deamination and its significance in the production of urea. What would
happen if this process did not occur? (3)
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2. Evaluate the impact of high urea levels in the bloodstream on bodily functions. What
mechanisms are in place to prevent this condition? (2)
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3. Discuss the relationship between respiration and excretion in mammals. How do these processes
contribute to overall energy balance? (3)
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Short Answer Questions:
1. Define excretion and explain its significance in living organisms.
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2. Describe the pathway of amino acids from digestion to their conversion into urea.
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3. What are the roles of the ureters and urethra in the excretory system?
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4. How do metabolic reactions in cells lead to the production of waste products?
