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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

PHYSICS 0625/41
Paper 4 Extended Theory May/June 2016
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2016 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®,
Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 11 printed pages.

© UCLES 2016 [Turn over

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NOTES ABOUT MARK SCHEME SYMBOLS AND OTHER MATTERS

M marks are method marks upon which further marks depend. For an M mark to be
scored, the point to which it refers must be seen in a candidate's answer. If a
candidate fails to score a particular M mark, then none of the dependent marks
can be scored.

B marks: are independent marks, which do not depend on other marks. For a B mark to
scored, the point to which it refers must be seen specifically in the candidate’s
answers.

A marks In general A marks are awarded for final answers to numerical questions.
If a final numerical answer, eligible for A marks, is correct, with the correct unit
and an acceptable number of significant figures, all the marks for that question
are normally awarded.

It is very occasionally possible to arrive at a correct answer by an entirely wrong

approach. In these rare circumstances, do not award the A marks, but award C
marks on their merits. However, correct numerical answers with no working
shown gain all the marks available.

C marks are compensatory marks in general applicable to numerical questions. These can
be scored even if the point to which they refer are not written down by the
candidate, provided subsequent working gives evidence that they must
have known it. For example, if an equation carries a C mark and the candidate
does not write down the actual equation but does correct substitution or working
which shows he knew the equation, then the C mark is scored
A C marks is not awarded if a candidate makes two points which contradict each
other. Points which are wrong but irrelevant are ignored.

brackets ( ) around words or units in the mark scheme are intended to indicate wording used
to clarify the mark scheme, but the marks do not depend on seeing the words or
units in brackets. e.g. 10 (J) means that the mark is scored for 10, regardless of
the unit given.

underlining indicates that this must be seen in the answer offered, or something very similar.

OR / or indicates alternative answers, any one of which is satisfactory for scoring the
marks.

e.e.o.o. means "each error or omission".

o.w.t.t.e. means “or words to that effect”.

Spelling Be generous about spelling and use of English. If an answer can be understood
to mean what we want, give credit. However, beware of and do not allow
ambiguities, accidental or deliberate: e.g. spelling which suggests confusion
between reflection / refraction / diffraction / thermistor / transistor / transformer.

Not/NOT Indicates that an incorrect answer is not to be disregarded, but cancels another
otherwise correct alternative offered by the candidate i.e. right plus wrong penalty
applies.

Ignore Indicates that something which is not correct or irrelevant is to be disregarded

and does not cause a right plus wrong penalty.

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ecf meaning "error carried forward" is mainly applicable to numerical questions, but
may in particular circumstances be applied in non-numerical questions.
This indicates that if a candidate has made an earlier mistake and has carried an
incorrect value forward to subsequent stages of working, marks indicated by ecf
may be awarded, provided the subsequent working is correct, bearing in mind the
earlier mistake. This prevents a candidate being penalised more than once for a
particular mistake, but only applies to marks annotated ecf.

Significant Answers are normally acceptable to any number of significant figures ≥ 2. Any
Figures exceptions to this general rule will be specified in the mark scheme.

Units Deduct one mark for each incorrect or missing unit from an answer that would
otherwise gain all the marks available for that answer: maximum 1 per
question. No deduction is incurred if the unit is missing from the final answer but
is shown correctly in the working.

Arithmetic errors Deduct one mark if the only error in arriving at a final answer is clearly an
arithmetic one.

Transcription Deduct one mark if the only error in arriving at a final answer is because given or
errors previously calculated data has clearly been misread but used correctly..

Fractions (e.g. ½) Allow these only where specified in the mark scheme.

Crossed out work Work which has been crossed out and not replaced but can easily be read,
should be marked as if it had not been crossed out.

Use of NR (# key on the keyboard) Use this if the answer space for a question is completely
blank or contains no readable words, figures or symbols.

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Question Answer Mark

1(a) From time zero, line of constant positive gradient, not necessarily from origin B1
Horizontal line from end of sloping line B1
Line of steeper positive gradient from end of horizontal line B1
1(b) (distance =) area under graph stated C1

0.5 × 7.5 × 3.3 (= 12.375)

+ 12.5 × 3.3 (= 41.25) C2
+ 0.5 × 5 × 3.3 (= 8.25)

OR ½ (a + b)h (C1)
= 0.5 × (25 + 12.5) × 3.3 (C1)

OR (25 × 3.3) – (0.5 × 12.5 × 3.3) (C2)

62 m A1

Total: 7

Question Answer Mark

2(a)(i) (momentum =) mv OR 70 × 20 C1
= 1400 kg m / s OR N s A1
2(a)(ii) same numerical answer as (a)(i) with either unit OR 1400 kg m / s B1
2(b) (a = ) change of velocity / time OR (v – u) /t OR 20 / 0.2 C1
A1
100 m / s2
2(c) (F =) ma OR 70 × 80 C1
5600 N A1
2(d) Force / impact on passenger or dummy less (than without seat belt / airbag) M1
Passenger less likely to be injured / hurt / damaged A1

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Question Answer Mark

Total: 9

Question Answer Mark

3(a)(i) (P =) hdg OR 1.5 × 850 × 10 C1

OR
mg / area of base OR 850 × 2.4 × 1.5 × 1.5 × 10 / (2.4 × 1.5) (C1)
13 000 Pa or N/m2 A1
3(a)(ii) P = F/A OR (F =) PA OR 12 750 × 1.5 × 2.4 OR 12 750 × 3.6 C1
46 000 N A1
OR
(Force = ) weight of oil = mg = 2.4 × 1.5 × 1.5 × 850 × 10 (C1)
46 000 N (A1)
3(b) (46000 / 10 = ) 4600 kg
OR m = Vd = (2.4 × 1.5 × 1.5) × 850 = 4600 kg B1
3(c)(i) (density of brass) greater than that of oil / 850 kg / m3
OR brass denser than oil B1
3(c)(ii) (It won’t sink as average) density of wood + key less than density of oil B1
Total: 7

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Question Answer Mark

4(a) Gas molecules (very) far apart OR empty space between gas molecules B1
Molecules of liquid (very) close together / compact OR are touching (each other) B1
4(b)(i) Faster / more energetic water molecules evaporate / escape / leave B1
Slower / less energetic molecules remain (so temperature is lower) B1
4(b)(ii) Water in wide container AND has water with larger surface (area) B1
Rate of evaporation higher / faster / quicker
OR higher chance of evaporation B1
Total: 6

Question Answer Mark

5(a) One of 1, 2 or 3:
1 Molecules move faster OR have more k.e. / momentum
2 Molecules hit walls more often / more frequently B1
3 Molecules hit walls with greater force / impulse / harder
5(b) 1 mark for each of 1, 2 and 3 in (a) not given as answer to (a) B2
5(c)(i) PV = constant OR P1V1 = P2V2 OR 98 × 4800 = P × 7200 C1
65 kPa A1
5(c)(ii) To prevent the balloon bursting (as its volume increases)
OR to reduce the pressure inside the balloon
OR pressure difference between inside and outside balloon rises B1

Total: 6

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Question Answer Mark

6(a) Method 1:
Long distance / distance in field measured with the tape B1
One student fires pistol at one end (of this distance) B1
Student at other end starts stop-watch on seeing smoke / light
from pistol and st / B1
ops stop-watch on hearing sound of pistol B1
speed = (measured) distance / (measured) time
Method 2:
Distance of 50 m or more from a vertical wall measured with (B1)
the tape (B1)
Student 1 fires pistol at this distance from the wall
Student 2 standing next to student 1 starts stop-watch on (B1)
hearing pistol and stops stop-watch on hearing echo (B1)
speed = 2 × (measured) distance / (measured) time
6(b)(i) v = fλ OR (λ = ) v / f OR 1500 / 200 C1
7.5 m A1
6(b)(ii) 1 (frequency) does not change B1
2 (speed) decreases B1
Total: 8

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Question Answer Mark

7(a)((i) Sketch of curved optic fibre with light ray undergoing at least one total internal reflection
B1
7(a)(ii) Light travels down (optic) fibres into or out of body B1

To examine internal organ / part B1

Light travels both ways into and out of body B1
OR
To destroy (cancerous) cells (B1)
by heating (B1)
OR
Endoscope / fibre bundle inserted into body (B1)
To view internal organ body part OR for keyhole surgery (B1)
7(b) Light in air: 3 × 108 m / s B1
Microwaves in vacuum: 3 × 108 m / s B1
Sound in steel: 6000 m / s B1
7(c) n = speed in air / speed in glass (or rearranged)
OR 1.5 = 3 × 108 / speed in glass (or rearranged) C1
2.0 × 108 m / s A1
Total: 9

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Question Answer Mark

8(a)(i) Magnetic field at Y: ‘towards the bottom of the page’ ticked B1

Force at Y: ‘to the left’ ticked B1
8(a)(ii) There is a force on X
because of the (magnetic) field caused by Y
OR due to the (magnetic) field around / of Y B1
OR the (magnetic) fields due to X and Y interacting
8(b) Change in current / field is brief / for short time / occurs as switch
closes B1
Changing magnetic field / flux links with secondary coil / other
coil / core OR field / flux lines cut coil B1
Causes induced voltage / current B1
Total: 6

Question Answer Mark

9(a)(i) 12 Ω B1
9(a)(ii) 1 / R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 OR 1 / R = 1 / 12 + 1 / 6
OR (R = ) R1R2 / (R1 + R2) OR (12 × 6) / (12 + 6) C1
4Ω A1
9(a)(iii) 4 + 6 = 10 Ω B1
9(b)(i) (I = 12 / 10 = ) 1.2 A B1
9(b)(ii) (E =) IVt OR 1.2 × 12 × 50 OR I2Rt OR 1.22 × 10 × 50
OR V2t / R OR 122 × 50 / 10 C1
720 J A1
Total: 7

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Question Answer Mark

10(a)(i) Light emitting diode OR LED B1

10(a)(ii) B1

10(b) column C column E

0 0
0 1
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 1
1 1
1 1 B3
10(c) Replace the OR gate with an AND gate B1
Total: 6

Question Answer Mark

11(a) 83 protons
131 neutrons B2
11(b) 0
−1β
Superscript 0 B1
Subscript –1 B1
214
84 Po B1
11(c) (After 20 min count rate is) 360 / 2 or 180 (count / s)
(After 40 min count rate is) 180 / 2 or 90 (counts / s)
(After 60 min count rate is) 90 / 2
OR new count-rate = 360/(2 × 2 × 2) or 360 / 8 or 3 half-lives C1
45 (counts / s) A1

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Question Answer Mark

11(d) Any two points chosen from the lists below:

(economic):
high cost of storage / shielding / guarding / need to store for a
long time
OR reduction in tourism
OR loss of farming produce / land
OR reduction of land / property values
(social): B2
fear of cancer / causes cancer / genetic mutations / radiation
sickness in people / animals
OR local objections
OR cause people to move away
(environmental):
crop mutations
OR leakage into water supplies
OR pollution of atmosphere / water supply
Total: 9

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