### Quantitative Aptitude Guide with Formulas and Practice Questions
#### 1. **Percentages**
- **Formula:**
- Percentage = (Value / Total Value) × 100
- Increase/Decrease Percentage = [(New Value - Old Value) / Old Value] × 100
- **Practice Questions:**
1. What is 25% of 200?
2. If a number is increased from 50 to 65, what is the percentage increase?
3. A student scores 80 marks out of 200. What is the percentage?
4. If the price of a product decreases from $120 to $96, what is the percentage
decrease?
5. Find 15% of 450.
#### 2. **Profit and Loss**
- **Formula:**
- Profit = Selling Price (SP) - Cost Price (CP)
- Loss = Cost Price (CP) - Selling Price (SP)
- Profit Percentage = (Profit / CP) × 100
- Loss Percentage = (Loss / CP) × 100
- **Practice Questions:**
1. A man buys an item for $50 and sells it for $60. Find the profit percentage.
2. An article is sold for $45 at a loss of 10%. Find the cost price.
3. If the cost price of a product is $200 and the selling price is $250, what is
the profit percentage?
4. A trader sells an article for $500 at a loss of 20%. Find the cost price.
5. A product is sold for $240, gaining 20%. Find the cost price.
#### 3. **Time and Work**
- **Formula:**
- Work = Time × Rate
- If A can do a piece of work in x days, then A’s 1 day’s work = 1/x
- Total Work = (Work Done by A in 1 Day) × Total Days
- **Practice Questions:**
1. A can complete a task in 10 days, and B can complete the same task in 15 days.
How many days will they take to complete it together?
2. If 5 men can complete a work in 20 days, how many days will it take for 10 men
to complete the same work?
3. A can complete a task in 12 days, and B can complete it in 16 days. Working
together, how long will it take?
4. If A can do a work in 8 days and B in 4 days, how long will they take to
complete it together?
5. A and B together can complete a work in 6 days, and B alone can do it in 9
days. How long will A take to complete it alone?
#### 4. **Speed, Distance, and Time**
- **Formula:**
- Speed = Distance / Time
- Distance = Speed × Time
- Time = Distance / Speed
- Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time
- **Practice Questions:**
1. A car travels 240 km in 4 hours. Find the speed.
2. A person walks at 5 km/hr for 3 hours. How far does he walk?
3. A train travels at 60 km/hr for 2 hours and then at 40 km/hr for 3 hours. Find
the average speed.
4. If a cyclist covers 90 km in 5 hours, what is his speed?
5. A car covers 150 km in 2 hours and then 100 km in 3 hours. What is the total
distance and average speed?
#### 5. **Simple Interest and Compound Interest**
- **Formula:**
- Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) / 100
- Compound Interest (CI) = P × (1 + R/100)^T - P
- Amount = P + SI
- **Practice Questions:**
1. Find the simple interest on $1000 at 5% per annum for 2 years.
2. What is the compound interest on $5000 at 10% per annum for 3 years?
3. If the principal is $2000, rate is 5% per annum, and time is 4 years, find the
SI.
4. Find the CI on $8000 for 2 years at 6% per annum.
5. A sum of $1500 amounts to $1725 in 3 years at simple interest. Find the rate
of interest.
#### 6. **Ratio and Proportion**
- **Formula:**
- Ratio = Quantity1 : Quantity2
- Proportion = (a/b) = (c/d)
- Product of Means = Product of Extremes
- **Practice Questions:**
1. Divide $1800 among A, B, and C in the ratio 3:2:1.
2. If 15 kg of rice costs $450, what is the cost of 25 kg of rice?
3. The ratio of ages of two people is 4:5, and the sum of their ages is 45. Find
their ages.
4. If a bag contains 6 red, 4 blue, and 5 green balls, find the ratio of red to
total balls.
5. Two numbers are in the ratio 3:4, and their sum is 56. Find the numbers.
#### 7. **Number Systems**
- **Formula:**
- HCF (Highest Common Factor) and LCM (Least Common Multiple)
- Prime Factorization Method for HCF and LCM
- Properties of Even and Odd Numbers
- **Practice Questions:**
1. Find the LCM of 12, 15, and 20.
2. What is the HCF of 56 and 98?
3. Find the largest 4-digit number divisible by 36.
4. How many factors does the number 120 have?
5. Check if 391 is a prime number.
#### 8. **Mixtures and Alligation**
- **Formula:**
- Weighted Average = (Quantity1 × Value1 + Quantity2 × Value2) / Total Quantity
- Rule of Alligation: Difference between quantity and mean values
- **Practice Questions:**
1. A mixture contains 30% milk and 70% water. If 20 liters of milk are added to
the mixture, find the percentage of milk.
2. In what ratio must rice costing $50/kg be mixed with rice costing $30/kg to
get a mixture costing $40/kg?
3. 20 liters of a 30% alcohol solution is mixed with 10 liters of a 60% alcohol
solution. Find the concentration of alcohol in the mixture.
4. How much water must be added to 40 liters of 80% milk to make it 50% milk?
5. A milkman adds 5 liters of water to 20 liters of milk. Find the ratio of milk
to water.
#### 9. **Probability**
- **Formula:**
- Probability = Favorable Outcomes / Total Outcomes
- Complementary Probability = 1 - Probability(Event)
- **Practice Questions:**
1. What is the probability of rolling a 3 on a fair die?
2. Find the probability of getting a head when flipping a coin.
3. A bag contains 5 red, 3 blue, and 2 green balls. What is the probability of
picking a red ball?
4. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum is 7.
5. A card is drawn from a deck of cards. What is the probability of drawing a
king?
#### 10. **Logarithms**
- **Formula:**
- log(ab) = log(a) + log(b)
- log(a/b) = log(a) - log(b)
- log(a^b) = b × log(a)
- log(1) = 0, log(10) = 1
- **Practice Questions:**
1. Solve for x: log(x) + log(4) = log(20).
2. Simplify: log(100) - log(10).
3. If log(2) = 0.3010, find log(8).
4. Solve: 2 × log(5) = log(25).
5. Simplify: log(25) - log(5).
