STUDENT EXAMINATION SERIES EXAM NOTE @ SOLVED QUESTION PAPER SOLVED QUESTION PAPER-July, 2022 KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA B.Sc. 3rd Year (Semester-6) » MATHEMATICS REAL AND COMPLEX ANALYSIS [PAPER-I] [Max. Marks: 40 Time: Three hours] Note: Attempt five questions in all, selecting one question from each section. Question No. 7 is compulsory. COMPULSORY QUESTION 2 z 1. (a) Evaluate: fe - 2p dx, o Sol. Put ° reed Fe x = (82)3 =223 sothat dx= 32 3 dz When x > 0,2 > Oand when x > 2,231 2 1 j(e-xyha - : 1. (b) Prove that real and imaginary parts of an analytic function are Harmonic functions. Sol. Let fiz) = u + iv be an analytic function so that C-R equations u, =v, and u, = -2, are * ¥ ¥ _ satisfied. Differentiating C-R equations w.rt. x and y respectively and then adding, we obtain ‘Marnemarics (Sem. 61H) Sotveo Quesrion Parer—Jury 2022 (K.U.K.) | 1Sol. Again differentiating C-R equations wrt. y and x respectively and then subtracting, we obtain eu eu _ (-2) @v Oy ax ax dy ax?) ax? or +o =v=0 Hence the result. . ()_ Find the image of |z- 3i] = 3 under the mapping w= 2. z For z=x-+ iy and w = u-+ iv, we get ~(l) Now, Iz-3il > Ix+iy-3)l => x+(y-3 =9 ° (2) Using equation (1) in (2), we get wv (+e Oe +0? +0" => (i? + v7) + 60 (w+ 04) = 0 > (u? + 0?) (6041) =0 Since 1? + v* 0, therefore 6v + 1 =0 which,is the image of |z—3i! = 3 under the inversion mapping. ay ay (0,3) >X u 1. (d) Parseval's identity for Fourier series. Sol. The required Parseval's identity is 2 | STUDENT Exanunarion Seriesa « J yeor a = ip8-Seaon] provided the Fourier series for f(x) converges uniformly in (c, c+ 2!). ~ SECTION 2, (a) Show that the function u, v, w given by u= —*—,v=—~ yrz Z-x independent of one another. Also, find the relation between them. and w=—— are not x-y Sol. Here, we have u = ~,v-—L and w= y-2z-x x-y Now, O(u,v,w) 0 6 (x,y,z) ‘Also, uy = —Y _ y-2)@-%) wu = (x-y)(y-2) x r ax Gene Go G= Gnu) ay (@—y) + ye (y—2) + 2x29) (x-y) (y-2)(2-%) syeryptyenyel teen ee (x-y) (Y-2)-%) sy (e—)+2" (e=y)= 288 -y') (= Wy-2@-9) Consider, uv + vw + wu = _ Ge -Way+2? 24D] © (x=y(y-2)@-2) _ (ey) @y+ 2? -2x- 2) © (= Wy-2)-9 _ Wk y-2)-2(y-2)] “= Wy-2)E-9 = ayy 2) (x= 2) = yy-DE-H = = Yy-2)(2-%) @=Wy-De-a) -1 Hence, uv+ow+wu =-1 or ww +ow+wu+1=0. Wow ee Marnemancs (Sem. 67H) Souven Question Parer-Juty 2022 (K.U.K.) | 3xml net dx, m>0,n>0. Gea 2. (b) Show that: B(m, n) = j Symt Sol. Weknow that, B(m, 1) = Sor de +3) yl Smt x tay ae! a dx ei Tae 1 Let ea 1 Putx= 2 sothat dx = —1dat t P When x = 1, f= 1 and when x > 0, = 0 m1 1 . (i) rtp A) abel) et ene =f aap = | aye q nel faa m=1 nl 1 ue = x Cae* * ape Putting this value in (1), we get 1 ym yet B(m,n) = |’ ~—— ax [/ __ = Ch ae nym l gyi Bom) = f dx form>0, n>0. 3. (a) Evaluate Sf a? — x? — y? dx dy over the semi-circle x? + y? = ax in the posit quadrant. Sol. Let R be the region of integration. R=(yirty sax, x20, y20) Put x =rcos@ and y=rsin0 +P a 2 pounded by the sur! v =8 x Volume es ired volume = 8 * 4 ae a Ve = 1 in the positive Requi seat I dx dy dz ee 118 abe "3 "2. Z 4 dX dY dZ abe 4° y =e fff 4 xerezst 1 abe yey zt dx ay dZ aa X+Y+Zs1 [Using Dirichlet's integral] SECTION - II as Now, 0 Noa and 4. (a) Find the Fourier series for the function f(x) Sol. Here f(x) = Isinxl; -x 0 for0) cos nx : . _ 2 4[cos2x | cos 4x. cos 6x ie., Isin xl = = 4 sot Se OF 4. (b) Obtain the Fourier expansion of the function defined by 1+2%, when-nsxs0 f@) = a 1-—, when0sx -ns-x<0 flex) = 1420) 7 -2. = f(x) Hence the given function is an even function re 50 b, = 0 for n =1,2,3, fla) ~ B+ Ya, cos nx Maruemarics (Sem. 67H) Sowveo Question Parer—Juty 2022 (K.U.K.) | 7we Now, and (8 (2-2, 2 r 2Jsinnx 2x sinnx 2 =r] 7 n T n 7 r lo 2 sinnn 2 cosnm | 2 cos ry . n now +o nv _2 ® 4 f-@y'] Hence, the requited Fourier expansion is ee fy ~ 4 cos = AC yn O88 it 2cos3x_2cos5x ] ES ceue a ea CUS maeS ? se cos 3x cos 5x Rg i Deduction: Putting x = 0, we obtain F(0) = = 1 Soe 11. 1 8 Pose 5. (a) Find the Fourier series expansion of f(3) = x sin x in the interval [= x, x]. Hence 1.41 aa deduce that = educe tha 2°73" i 5 Sol. Since f(x) = x sin vis an even function of x, s0 b= 0. Thus, we shall find the cosine series alone. Now, Uf ve, Ff xsinxdx 8 | STUDENT Exaninariow Semis2 v6 = 2 [Prsin de = 2[[-xcosx]}+[sinx}] = 2@) =2 and a, = 2 [* xsin xcos nx dx form =1,2,3, = 2 xsin xcos nx dx ro Ll yosi = A ff-x@sin x cos nx) dx lyre, s = A ff xfsin gn +1) x—sin (1-0) x] dx Forn#1,..- ¢;=.2|-2costn +0 sin (Da me n+d (ied? lo Dx ,sin@-Dz (n=) _ xfcos(n-1)x_cos(n+1) x =al @-l) net (mt (ay n-1 n+l * cos nn = (-1)";cos (n- 1) x= (-1)""! and cos (n +1) x= ay) co'[25-sh]- co 2 ” nei Forn=1,a,= 2 ["xsin xcos xdv = -4 Hence the Fourier series expansion for x sin x is given by a « f= Fra cos x+ 57a, cos nx = or xsinx = 1 =cos2x _ cos3x _ cos 4x or ssinre 1-feonx+a ee | = 142( eos: 715 cos 28 + 515 cos x gig cos drt Marnenarics (Sem. 61) Soiven Question Paren-Juuy 2022 (K.U.K.) | 9When x= , we obtain i mz 4. 2( i ge2( mii - 5-7 (0) Express f(x) =xasa half range sine serles in 0. (1+) f@) = (u-v) +i (ut) Taking (1 +i) f(c) = F@),u-v=Uandu+v=V so that FQ) =U+iV z (1) Since f(z) is an analytic, therefore (1 + i) f(2) = F(2) is analytic. Now, U=1- vis given by Milne Thompson's method. FQ) = [email protected] 22, Ode +e (2) where 6,0 = 2] and 4,0, 0)= UF ay be=s a5 Now, BUS (24 ary + y) + (x-y) Ox +4 a ar y y) (2x + 4y) (2, 0) = 27 +22" = 32? Fe GE ay eA) + ee) + 29 on 6,(2,0) = ~ 2 +42? = 32 From (2), we get Fe) = fiGz?)-i32"]dz+e = (1-1) [32 dee ‘Marnemanics (Sem. 61) Souved Quesnion Parer—Jury 2022 (K.U.K.) | 11SECTION - IV 1 1 8, (a) Findthe image of the infinite strip 46 Wavy =0 > w+ (+2 =4 =i 2 a Ify= 5, then . 7 > wW+(v41P =1 Hence, the infinite strip T (2 <1 ltw > N-wl < l+wl > MW-u-ivl < M+utiol > (-wP sc? < (ture? > u>0. Hence the interior of a circle 12! = 1 in z-plane is mapped onto entire half plane to the right of imaginary axis. 9, (a) Show that cross ratio remains invariant under Mobius transformation. a+b Sol. Suppose w= ==> ad —be #0 -(1) be any Mobius transformation which transforms z,, 2, 2 2, to corresponding points W,, Wy, Wy, 1, in w-plane. az,+b_az,+b cz, +d cz, +d (ad - be) (z, ~ 2.) z, + d)(cz, +d) Putting r = 1, 2,3, 4 and s = 1, 2, 3, 4 in (2), we obtain _ (ad - be) (2, ~ (ez, +d) (czz +d) Then, w,-, = ou(2) or w,-w, Ww, -W, __ (ad ~be) (23-23) 2° (cz; +d) (cz, +d) _ (ad - be) (2) - 24) 1 = (e+ d)(czy +d) (ad ~ be)? (2, ~ 24) (23-22) (cz3 + d) (cz + d) (czy +d) (cz, +d) (ad = be)? (2, = 25) (23 ~ 24) (+0) (Czy +d) (Cz; +d) (Cy +d) w,- (w, - w,) (w3-w,) = Similarly, (w, ~ w,) (w;-w,) = Marnemanics (Sem. 61H) Sowven Quesion Paren Jury 2022 (K.U.K.) | 15ca Sol, ng, We get (a - (Gey =.) (y=) aot or (04, Wy 1,10) = Gy Zp 2y Sy) : {b)_ Find the image of |z| < 1 in the z-plane under the transformation w (z+ 0? =1, The given transformation is with = ae or ere or tis or or Consider > > = asin? £ 2 1, Thus, unit circle |z = Leorresponds othe parabola 4Rsin? $ = = 1in the w-plane and th interior of unit circle in z- z-plane corresponds to the exterior of vrabol 4Rsin? > ay weplane zplane a 16 | STUDENT Exammarion SeriesSTUDENT examinaTION SERIES M NOTE & SOLVED QUESTION PAPER SOLVED QUESTION PAPER-July, 2021 KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA Bc, rd Yor Semester) + MATHEMATICS enero REAL AND COMPLEX ANALYSIS [PAPER-I] ime: Three hours] [Max. Marks: 40 Note: Attempt five questions in all ting one question from cach section. Question No. 1is compulsory. COMPULSORY QUESTION 1. (a) Find the coefficient of magnification for the transformation w= Zatz=2+i. Sol. The given transformation is wes fe) Then, f¢ f2+i) =2Q+i)=442i Now, coefficient of magnification = If")! = If(2+il = 14+2il = flora = 20 = 2N5. 1, (6) Show that the function u(x, y) = Flog x? +y?) is harmonic. Sol. Here, = Hog (x? +y") This implies that v is a harmonic function. 1. (0) Evaluate: | Vx eax. 3 Sol. Let La fieePae 0 En. a Marnemancs (Sem. 611) So.ven Quesrion Parer—Jury 2021 (K.U.K.) | 11 2 1 es Put =z ie, x22? = d= gz dz When x0, 2-40 and when x >», 29 1, (d) Define Fourier series for odd functions, Sol. A function fis said to be an odd function if f(-x) = ~ f(x) for all x and the graph function is symmetrical about origin. SECTION 2. (a) Show that the functions u= x+y? +2, vexsy+z, w=aytyzex independent of each other. Also, find the relation between them, | Sol. Here, we have warty? 0 Bai Bho +ytz w = xytyztox ou au x yy (4,20) _|av a a Now, (x,y,z) ~ \ox ey oe jew ww] x dy a 2x yz el dat Yt X42 yoy = nt x—X-2)—2y (ys xyz) 422 (CHZAYE 3 2x (y—2) -2y (x2) +22 (xy) Quy ~ 2x2 ~ 2ay + 2ye + Daz - 2y2 2 | STUDENT Exammariow SeniesSol. Thus,wehave 2. tv) (x, y, 2) The functions u, » and w are functionally dependent. Also, vs (xty tz axrt y+ 2 + Qxy + Qyz + 22x ey tz +2 (xy + yz +22) +2w Hence, u, v and w are connected by the relation v? = u + 2w. (b) Shi tat, [Sa * ix = 25(m, ow that: ) J aaayr = 2B (mm). Firstly, we have to prove that fe eos tx Bim, n) = ata where m,1>0 4 Now, Bom, n) = fertaea tae (1) +0 Put 2 2) ae l+t = (+p-t at Lite Gap en From (2), xf) =¢ ES x¢axt=t = foxt=x bh > t=o When x=0,f=0 and when x=1, f>0 From (1), we have fey yet at sun= Mia) Oth) ae mot mt ay or Bom, n) = Ir TRIE eee ay 2 yt - [gape 8) i ® Similarly, we can prove that Bin, m) = io 4) a But B(m, m) = Bn, mt) ce Marnemanics (Sem. 67H) Sowveo Question Parer-Jury 2021 (K.U.K.) | 321 a it 2 (har Bom, n) = J on loa i tad eel syle o i i” eect 21 Now, | (en h(1+3) 4 = Bm, n) + B(m, n) [From = 2B(m,n) — : : ‘i he evaluate: dy dx, 3. (a) Change the order of integration, integral and hence I} I saa ‘a Sol. Let i= | J ayax or re The limit of integration are ‘ 0 xt = 640° > x—64ax = 0 > x(x - 6407) = 0 = either x=0 or x=49 Atx=0,y=0 and atx = 4a, y =4a Thus, the two parabolas intersect in points (0,0), (4a, h , 0), (4a, 4a). The region OABCO is the region of integration, a In the given order we have to integrate first want Tate id then w.rt. x. After change of order we have to integrate first wart. x and then wert, y. Divide the region OABCO into horizontal strips. ee 4 | STUDENT Exammarion SemesPa 2 Each horizontal strip starts from curve x = - and ends on curve x = 2Jay. Also these strips vary from y = 0 to y= 4a 402 4 Now, t= ff dedy= [tk F ay oe ay et a 4a ara yt 2 vey = {| ayay— 2 |ay=|2M"S-- te I vy ‘] Z { 3 1 2 0 4 i 4ay? ar _ Ave 640° = Sa (4a)? — pa _ 64a” Seas Go" Ta 32a? _ 160" _16 2 oats 3. (b) Evaluate JJ fece~ y?+2") dx dy dz through the volume of the cylinder x? +7 =4 intercepted by the planes z= 0 and z=2. Sol. Let V = (xy,2):0<252, P+ y=4} Put x=rcos@ and y=rsin0 : vayeP and il=r Since reysd ” rs<4 > irl <2 Here the space V is changed to space V’, where V' = {(r,0,2):0S7S2, 0<0S2n, 0Sz52} Jf feces aay de es an 2(P+2°)lfldr dO dz 2 (2 +2?)rdrdodz I i 2 (+271) dr dO dz I | “| | | ee Marnenanics (Sem. 61H) Soven QuesTion Pare2s 2 3 = { ((4z+22" 0d s | \\ z+ 2 =| (54229008 a ° 2 = Juz 422) 2ndz 0 4. (a) Ifthe Fourier series for f(x) converges uniformly in (-1, J), then prove that: i : a Jucor ax = ie Zen 4 a Sol. Let Fourier series for f(x) converges uniformly in (-I, 1) Dlson(F)-san("F)] Multiplying both sides of (1) by f(x) and integrating term by term between limits 8 we have {ver &x = % 4 [rere 7 = SOS tx by { 0) Ba mi oy Using the definition of Fourier coefficients, we have 1 J fender = ay a 1 fre cos "dx I, and j sosin( dx = = lb, Using equations (3), (4) and (5) in equation (2), we have NE 6 | STUDENT Examinarion Semies1 > 2 2 Jusent dx = [B-See-a} 4, (b) Find the Fourier series expansion of the function f(x) = x +7 in [-7, ]- Sol. Here, fa) =x+x.26 [nx] ; “\ ont 3 ay = 2 forever Ly + a, = 2 [e+2?) cos mede = 2 fx cos nix de 0 _fe2] fone ae innx | _ 4 = Saloen ar | a azcosme i 5 and b, = 2 fces?)sin nx de =2 [sin med es 0 2f-xcosnx sinnx] __ 2 2) Ecos HF SII) == cos nn xl om 7 1 ln s given by cos mt — cos nt. SOS TE cos nx-2) sin nx 0 7 Hence, the Fourier series expansion for x + © x+x ~ nel 2 x 1 1 © 4( cosx- pcos 2x + A ( xa Gy cos 2x +3 cos 3x -) E (1) 5 a + 4x(3J cos nx — Ica) sin nx 5. (a) Find the Fourier series expansion of the function f (x) with period 2x defined as: -1 for -n pi ANE HEAT PORE AE TIO plane, then careaponds a unique point of He we an wae jay aay panned allan peut aptions he NhaVegtet A) i thy plano af prajertion bee 0 2) re the gettes NAF projection in (0,0 1) Let WN.) 2) Be any pole on the spherw and Oly, y, 0) both corresponding, point on the Veron AP wets the plane of projection, ae [email protected]) Riemann’s sphere Since the points (0,0, 1), (X,Y, 2) and (x, y, 0) are ina straight line, we get (3) wn) ), Y= y(1-2) Z= 3) Equations (4) and (5), set up a one-one correspondence between the complex numbers and the points on a spherical surface except that no point of the complex plane corresponds to the vertex N(0, 0, 1) of the sphere. This is accomplished by defining the point at <- Hence the result. 6 (b) Show that the function f(z) = |z|” is continuous everywhere but nowhere differen- tiable except at the origin. Sl Here, f@) = |zP=x4y¢ then u(xy) =e 4y and v(x,y)=0 Function f(z) is continuous everywhere ae Marnemarics (Sem. 61) Sowven Question ParerJury 2021 (K.U.K.) | 9fm Lf) Pep = Jin SL), 29 =(0,0) zk = lim = = lim hy 2-2) + Fyn | my Ea % jem 262720) + 20(F ~20) rr & 2] 2-2 Jim F +29 Let I (cos 0 + isin 0) then 1 (cos 0 i sin 0) so that 4 5 c0s20-isin20 F za Thus, S'Gq) = Tim [2 +29 (cos 20-isin 26)] 1F this limit exists, then it will be independent of the path along with 2 -» zp. But the expression does not tend toa unique limit as z-> 2, Since the limit depends upon 9, Hence the function f) is non differentiable for any noin-zero value of z. But if z= then f(z) tends to Z, which of course tends to zero as z -» 2», Hence the result. 7 (a) Prove that the function f(z) = [xy] is not analytic at the origin even throught equations are satisfied at that point. Sol. Let f(e)=u (x,y) + io (x, y) so that u(x, ) = Ixyland a(x, y)=0 Also f(0,0)=0 and as -> 0, wehavex—> and y +0 au = lim H(%,0)~ u(0,0) u(x, 0) x 0 ar) be and m4 ay ® ay Hence all the four partial derivation exist and satisfy C-R equations. 10) = lim £2-fO (@ FO = i So0 olin : 1 1 = tim 2B gy UE Ox+iy ore y iy roxtiy Let 2 + Oalong the path y = mx, then El [xm J'(0) = lim 29OX+iMX Leim’ Sees wn 10 | STUDENT Exannariow SeniesNow this limit is not unique since it depends on m. Hence f'(0) does not exist and so the function is not analytic. 7. (b) Prove that: u (x,y) = y? - 3x7 y is a harmonic and find its harmonic conjugate and the corresponding analytic function. Sol. We have, u(x,y) = Party ou eu ax 7, OY: y 37-37 eu eu ae = oy ae oy Su & a at = ~6y +6y=0 Thus, u = y° — 3x” y is a harmonic function. To find the complex conjugate v: By C-R equations, we hve S05 Gi oy ox ev Ure! ay oY Integrating partially wart. y, we have v = -3xy7 + (x) where 6 (x) is an arbitrary function of x. gv _ _ ou But x = y os =3y? + 6x) = -3y + 3x7 > $'@) = -3x7 and o@) = +e v=-3rP +e which is the required harmonic conjugate. Hence, the corresponding analytic function is f@) = w+ iv=(y-3x7y) + i? -3xy) +e (2) (ix-y)—2xy (x + i) + i? - y?) (x + iy) - 2xy (x+y) +e = (x+y) 2-7) -2y] +e = (x + iy) fie? - 7) + 2Pxyl +e = i(x + iy) [?-y + 2yi] +e i(x + iy) (x+ iy +e fz) = iP+e. wu SECTIO! IV 8. (a) What is the domain or region of the w-plane into which the rectangular region in the z-plane bounded by the lines x= 0, y = 0, x= 1 andy = 2 is mapped under the transformation w=z + (2-0. re Marnawarcs (Sem. 61H) Sowven Question Paren-Jury 2021 (K.UK.) | 14Sol. We have > Now, when When v= 0,7 y i the lines 1 = 2, u=3. Al u .s x = 0, x= L are mapped respectively on the lines 1 = 2, u = 3. SO the ling Dee Dare mapped respectively on the lines v = -1, v = 1. The required Image ig rectangle i y the lines u = 2,u=3andv=-1,u=1. rectangle in w-plane bounded by the lines u = 2, u=3 ; : Also a easy a see that each interior point of the first rectangle is mapped into one only one point of the second rectangle and conversely as shown in the given figures, . Y ve weplane y=2_zplane x=0 = vy 8. (6) Find the fixed points, normal form and nature of bilinear transformation w= 5 = Sol. The given transformation is w= For fixed points, waz ie, zea 2-2 => 27-3250 > 2=0,3 Hence, the fixed points are 0, 3. Since the fixed points are distinct, therefore the given transformation can be expressed w-0 (: - 3] eee w-3 Now, wee eee a = —2_._1(2-0 2246 2(2-3 Hence, the normal form of the given transformation is ‘ w-0 __1fz-0 i w-3 (2-3 a 12 | STUDENT Examwarion Sens =Here, Hence, the given transformation is loxodromic. 9, (a) Find the image of region inside the circle [z] = points z= 1, i, -1intow=i, 0-i, Sol. The required transformation is given by (w=) (tw, - v5) _ ) 1 under the mapping which maps the Putting 2, ‘in the above expression, we have w >= - = wei Applying componendo and dividendo rule, we have w= tz ixz l-w > z i=) Al) The interior of circle Iz = 1 is given by zl<1 1-w = fl eae [Using (1)] > -wl < +l > M-u-iol < 4+u+ivl > (-uP to? <(+up eo? > u>0 Hence the interior of circle |z| = 1 in z-plane is mapped onto entire half plane to the right of imaginary axis. 9. (b) Prove that the image of |z + 2i| = 5 under the transformation: S@ = Lisutevt= 4 (1-4y). Sol. We have f@) = = =urit z 1 u-iv x utiv wiv u-iv xtiy= > e +0 u -v x= and y= weo® w+? Now, iz42il =5 or Ix+iy+2il =5 or Ix+(y+2)il =5 Matnemancs (Sem. 61m) Sowven Quesrion Paper-juty 2021 (K.U.K.) | 13or Pe (yt2y = 25 or Say ededy = 25 or Pey+dy-21 =0 Putting x= —" => in(1),we Mngt Tae andy= Tg in (), we get w 2 v ast oe Wey? +e)? 2 or war dv ae Wee? edt Lao 1 ° ea -21=0 Pee wae 21 (+02) 440-1 = 0 * (+d) = 1-4y Weesloa_ a 40).