AI Interview Questions
Basic
-By Habib Shaikh
Habib Shaikh
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
1. What is Artificial Intelligence and where is it
applied?
AI refers to the branch of computer science focused on building machines
capable of mimicking cognitive functions like recognizing speech, interpreting
data, and making decisions. Applications span from autonomous vehicles,
fraud detection, virtual assistants, to medical diagnosis and recommendation
systems.
2. How does Machine Learning differ from AI?
Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that enables systems to automatically
learn from data without explicit programming. AI encompasses broader
techniques, including symbolic reasoning, expert systems, and evolutionary
algorithms. ML often forms the foundation of advanced AI systems.
3. On what principles is Deep Learning built?
Deep Learning draws inspiration from the neural structures of the human
brain. It leverages deep neural networks, consisting of multiple layers, to
identify intricate patterns in large datasets. This approach is vital for image
classification, speech recognition, and game playing.
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
4. How many layers does a neural network typically
have? Habib Shaikh
A basic neural network comprises three main layers: input, hidden, and
output. More complex models can incorporate several hidden layers to boost
performance.
5. Can you explain TensorFlow?
TensorFlow, developed by Google, is an open-source library designed for
numerical computation and large-scale machine learning. It allows developers
to craft and refine AI models efficiently through a flexible ecosystem.
6. What are the benefits of cognitive systems?
Cognitive computing mirrors human decision-making and problem-solving.
Key advantages include:
Interpreting natural human interactions.
Extracting insights from unstructured data.
Enhancing productivity and automating complex tasks.
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
7. How do NLP and NLU differ?
Natural Language Processing (NLP) focuses on language processing tasks
like translation and sentiment analysis. Natural Language Understanding
(NLU), a branch of NLP, aims to derive meaning, intent, and context from
textual data.
8. Provide examples of narrow and general AI.
Narrow AI includes chatbots and spam filters. General AI, still theoretical,
aspires to perform intellectual tasks akin to human cognition across various
domains.
9. Why is data mining essential?
Data mining uncovers patterns, correlations, and trends within large datasets,
driving better business decisions, personalized marketing, and fraud
prevention.
Habib Shaikh
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
10. Which industries benefit from data mining?
Healthcare: Predicts patient outcomes and optimizes treatment plans.
Finance: Forecasts stock trends and assesses credit risks.
Retail: Analyzes customer behavior to refine marketing strategies.
11. What are the core components of NLP?
Syntax Processing: Analyzes grammatical structure.
Semantic Analysis: Interprets meaning.
Pragmatics: Understands language in context.
12. What does LSTM stand for?
LSTM, or Long Short-Term Memory, is a type of recurrent neural network
(RNN) optimized for sequence prediction tasks like time series forecasting
and text generation.
13. Define Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI).
ANI refers to AI systems proficient in specific tasks, such as voice recognition
or image classification. Unlike General AI, ANI cannot perform beyond its
trained functions.
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
14. What is a data cube?
A data cube represents multi-dimensional data, useful for analytical
processing and visualization across different perspectives.
Habib Shaikh
15. How does model accuracy differ from
performance?
Model accuracy measures correct predictions, while performance
encompasses precision, recall, F1 score, and overall reliability.
16. Name common data structures in deep learning.
Tensors: Multi-dimensional arrays.
Matrices: 2D representations of data.
Vectors: One-dimensional arrays.
17. What are the components of GANs?
Generator: Creates synthetic data.
Discriminator: Differentiates between real and synthetic data.
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
18. List advantages of neural networks.
Adapt to non-linear relationships.
Process vast amounts of data.
Identify complex patterns and noise.
19. Describe the role of hidden layers in neural
networks.
Hidden layers extract meaningful patterns from input data, transforming them
into outputs through weighted connections and activations.
20. Differentiate between stemming and
lemmatization.
Stemming trims words to their root form using heuristic rules. Lemmatization
employs linguistic analysis to return the dictionary form of words.
21. What are the types of text summarization?
Extractive: Selects key sentences.
Abstractive: Generates novel phrases.
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
22. What is a corpus in NLP?
A corpus is a large collection of text data used for language analysis and
AI model training.
23. Highlight pros and cons of decision trees.
Pros: Easy to understand and visualize.
Cons: Prone to overfitting.
24. Explain data binarization.
Binarization converts continuous data into binary values to enhance
machine learning model accuracy and reduce complexity.
25. Define perception and its forms.
Perception involves interpreting sensory input:
Visual: Image recognition.
Auditory: Voice analysis.
Tactile: Object interaction.
BASIC AI INTERVIEW Q &A
Habib Shaikh
AI Expert
26. What is marginalization in data?
Marginalization simplifies data by integrating out irrelevant variables,
focusing only on necessary ones.
27. Explain the purpose of artificial neural networks
(ANNs).
ANNs simulate the brain to process data, recognizing patterns and making
predictions in fields like speech and image recognition.
28. What is cognitive computing?
Cognitive computing enables machines to learn, reason, and interact
naturally, facilitating advanced decision-making and automation.
29. Describe the use of deep learning frameworks.
Frameworks like TensorFlow simplify model development, offering pre-
built layers, algorithms, and scalability for AI applications.
30. How do speech and video recognition differ?
Speech recognition converts spoken words to text, while video recognition
identifies objects, actions, and scenes in video sequences.
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