Paint

By Joelle Maatouk
 Paint:
Outline:
1- keywords …………………………………………. 1

2- Criteria to choosing paint type ………………….... 2

3- Types of paint …………………………………….. 3-4

4- Category of paint ………………………………… 5-6-7-8-9

5- Paint sheen options ………………………………. 10-11-12-13-14

6- Other types of paint ……………………………… 15-16-17-18

7- Special paints for special jobs ……………………. 19-20

8- Basic paint technique …………………………….. 21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28-29

9- Faux finishes ……………………………………... 30-31-32-33-34-35

10- Types of epoxy floor ……………………………. 36-37-38-39

By Joelle Maatouk
 Paint: key words

Binders: these are the plastic-like polymers that connect the pigment together to form a smooth, continuous
film. In oil paints its best to search for drying oils such as linseed or modified oil.

Pigments: these are finely chopped particles or powders that provide color and coverage. Titanium dioxide is
the most common prime pigment.

Liquids: this is what carries the pigment and the binders that evaporate while paint dries. Mineral spirits are
used in oil-based paints, while water is used in latex paints. If the liquid evaporate, a rough film is left
behind.
Latex paint, which uses water as the primary material, remains stable and resilient due to the changes in
weather and temperature.
Water also helps to maintain the color of latex paint, particularly in direct sunlight.

By Joelle Maatouk 1
 Paint:
Before deciding on the finishing of paint lets take these 3 criteria into consideration:

 Human trafficking: crowded rooms such as kitchens and game room will benefit from longer lasting
finishes such as satin and semi- gloss, while calmer rooms such as dining rooms and bedrooms can work
with eggshell or even flat paints.

 Sheen paint: with no-shine flat finishes to very glossy finishes, paints are classified in terms of their
sparkle. The shininess of each finish will change the value of light they reflect back into the room, to try
help light up a dim area, a higher-gloss finish would do better than a matte finish.

 Lumps and bumps: the more reflective a paint is, the more it reveals imperfections of the surface painted.
If you want to paint a wall with lots of deep gouges or patches, you might need to consider a paint which
is less shiny, it will help to conceal those defects and keep the wall looking smooth.

By Joelle Maatouk 2
  Types of paint: Oil-based paints:

Oil based paint are also referred to as

solvent-based paint consist of pigment and
resin in a solvent thinner. It’s the most
durable and reliable of all paints. One of the
concerns that people have with oil-based
paint is that it doesn’t dry out as fast as
some of the other alternatives it can take
several more hours. Yet it stays vibrant for
years.
Ideal specially for molds and trims.
Oil based paint comes in all different
sheens from matt to high gloss.

By Joelle Maatouk 3
  Types of paint: Water-based paints:

Water- based paints, consist of a pigment

and a water binder used as a transporter.
They are the most popular choice for
painting that is environmentally friendly.
Overtime, they have excellent color
preservation, dry faster than alternatives
and generate less smell. Typically water-
based paints can be used over existing
oil-based paints but the reserves does not
work.
This type of paint is great for walls that
face humidity, like the kitchens,
bathrooms and laundry rooms. Water
based paints, too, come in a range of
finishes and can be washed with water
and soap.

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  Category of paint: Emulsion paint:

Emulsion paint is the most common

paint for walls and ceiling given the
fact that is it water based, has less
odor, dries relatively quickly and is
easy to apply.

Modern emulsion are water-based

with vinyl or acrylic resins added to
make them more tough-wearing
than conventional emulsion. This
results in varying levels of shines in
the finish; as the shine rises, the
paint appears to be harder to wear.
The ranges usually offer matt,
eggshell, satin and full gloss.

By Joelle Maatouk 5
  Category of paint: Enamel paint:

Enamel paint is another ideal solution to be

aware of. This type of paint is great when
you want something that’s going to be as
durable as possible. This type of paint is
often used for exteriors, because it can
handle all the environmental aspects. This
paint is also used for furniture, it’s a good
paint for tables and chairs. Its pretty simple
to use and its going to dry in a very rough
finish. Your going to have hard paint that
can endure just about anything without
being negatively impact.

It can be used without even needing to use

a primer or sand It down. This can end up
saving you a lot of time.

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  Category of paint: Distemper paint:

Distemper paint has been popular indoor

for houses and apartments. In fact, it has
been used since ancient times for painting
walls as well as other kinds of house
decoration. It is easily marked, but it cant
get wet. Because it is not waterproof, its
been used almost entirely for interior
surfaces.

Despite these downsides, its been a

popular paint for so long since its cheap
and offers valuable coverage in just few
coats. It also dries easily so any errors can
be wiped clean with a wet cloth. Apart
from the issue of durability, its really a
great interior house paint.

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  Category of paint: Lime wash paint:

Lime wash is made from limestone that has

been crushed, burned and combined with
water to make a lime putty. The putty is aged
and then mixed with water and colored with
natural pigments. Lime wash helps to create
surfaces that are mottled and matt with a
chalky texture like suede. It gives depth and
brightness to plain walls.
It is better utilized to porous materials such
as concrete, stone and brick. Cleaning lime-
washed walls are not preferred or often
needed. The lime washed shady effect show
far less dirt than the normal painted surface,
but if the walls need a touch-up, simply
applying a diluted lime wash coat can work
just fine. Lime wash can get up to 10 times
lighter as it dries yet the color range is a little
limited.
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  Category of paint: Latex-Based Paint

Latex paint is easier to handle and dries faster, but

its not as sturdy as oil-based paint. Some types of
latex-based paints are also water-based. Latex is
good for general remodeling projects like walls and
ceilings. Paint comes in a variety of finishes, from
flat to high gloss.

There are 3 types of latex paints: vinyl-acrylic,

100% acrylic and alkyd modified latex. Vinyl
acrylic is best used for interior walls and is the
cheapest 100% acrylic paints are the most powerful
paints, maintain color and are excellent for binding
alkyd-modified latex paints are good for external
use, notably for sidings that may have brushed,
chopped or chalked.

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  Paint sheen options: Matt Paint:

Matte paint, has a slightly glossier

finish than flat paint, it is also more
durable. The small increase in
longevity makes matte paint a more
realistic solution when you’re
looking for high-traffic paint. Its still
not going to be the optimal choice
but its going to step up a little better
than flat paint.

One good suggestion is to use matte

paint on the ceiling. This is a good
way to save a little money.

By Joelle Maatouk 10
  Paint sheen options: Eggshell Paint:

Eggshell paint offers a low shine

( just like to real glow of the actual
egg shell), the fact that egg shell
paint is fairly durable while still
being an affordable option makes it
quite popular. It work well as a paint
that looks good while offering an
effective protection.
Eggshell paint is also easy to clean,
even when applied to wall, it can be
washed faster than other types of
paint, it has just the correct amount
of gloss finish to make cleaning a
simple issue with a damp towel.
Traits such as these make eggshell
paint among the most common
finishing styles on the market.
By Joelle Maatouk 11
  Paint sheen options: Satin Paint:

Satin offers more of a glow,

producing a smooth, velvety feel.
Its washable; it can be cleaned but
no roughly scrubbed. Sating is
mostly used in hallways, does,
woodwork, bedrooms and dining
rooms.
This durable paint is going to fit
well for just about any space. Its
an inexpensive paint choice which
will last couple of ears. Its an easy
to handle paint without any kind
of hassle. It’s a wise choice when
you don’t want to buy any kind
that’s too shiny, and don’t want
things to look too flat either.

By Joelle Maatouk 12
  Paint sheen options: Semi-gloss paint:

Semi-gloss paint is where you begin to get

into the glossier types of painting. You're
not going to have to be careful when you're
cleaning the walls. Semi-gloss paint is
durable enough to be fully scrubbed
without having a negative impact on the
paint job. This is god for rooms such as
kitchens and bathrooms where it is
necessary to scrub.

It should also be noted that the semi-gloss

paint gives a reflective surface. The light
bounces off these walls, and it can be
either positive or negative depending on
your choice. If the walls have some
imperfections the light will make the more
apparent.
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  Paint sheen options: Glossy paint:

This type of paint is also considered to

be very easy to wash. It can be
scrubbed intensively with no need to
think twice. Gloss paint can be the most
expensive type of finish you can buy.
Its not the most common type of paint
to be used in homes, but it works just
fine in certain rooms. This paint is for
homeowners that want to create a
stylish environment.
The gloss paint is really eye catching
and will fit well in many cases. The
most common use for gloss paint is for
trims.
You can certainly use this type of paint
on walls, but you’re just going to have
to be ready for it to reflect light and
make flaws more noticeable.

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  Other types of paints: Chalkboard paint:

Chalkboard paint is a category of

paint that hardens to a finish that
resembles a chalkboard. Once
chalkboard is painted on a
surface, it can be used rather like
a standard chalkboard. Layer of
primer should be applied to the
surface beforehand. Almost all
colors are available.

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  Other types of paints: luminous paint:

A few kinds of wall paints that light

up in the dark are those containing
source of radiant energy that emits
light for a certain period of time
after exposure to an energy source.

This type of paint was used to mark

exit paths in airplanes and for
aesthetic reasons such as “stars”
applied to walls and ceilings. This is
an alternative to radio-luminescent
paint.

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  Other types of paints: Cement Paint

Cement paint is available in powder

form, which is combined with water
to ensure consistency of the paint.
The core material is white or
colored cement and could also
contain pigments, accelerators and
other ingredients.

Cement paint is sturdy and

waterproof and is frequently used
on ragged internal and external
surfaces.

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  Other types of paints: Metal Paint:

Metallic paints are often water-based for

easier application and cleaning. They apply
the same way as other paints; rolling,
brushing or spraying. Unlike usual indoor
paint, metal wall paint has a real metal or
metallic looking granules as part od its solid
content.
Since metallic paint is such a specialty
product, it often costs twice as much as
premium interior latex paints.

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  Special paint for special jobs:

Primer: oil-based or water based, its used to wrap unpainted surfaces before the top coat is applied. Its
important to use the correct primer on the surface, wood metal plaster or tiles or using simply the all-
purpose primer.

Undercoat: usually oil-based, undercoat is placed at the top of the primer to fill any small imperfections in
order to create a smooth, even-colored surface that is ready for the application of the top coat. The
undercoat often helps to lighten the surface when shifting from dark to a pale color.

Anti-condensation: for use in humid areas including kitchens and bathrooms, this paint is especially
designed to prevent the surface from being cold to the touch, so that moisture is less likely to form.

Radiator paint: for use in heating system pipes and radiators- high temperatures shall be maintained
without loosening or discoloring.

Floor paint: chemically treated, hard-wearing paint for timber and concrete flooring.
Never paint a floor with normal paint show signs of wear quite rapidly.

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  Special paint for special jobs :

Chalk paint: perfect for painting furniture, it should be painted without undercoat or primer on any
surface and can be greased and aged with wax.

Colored stains: used for the ageing of new wood or for the return of color to painted wood.

Stain block: completely covers stains before painting.

Polyurethane lacquer: clear lacquer in a matte or glossy finish to protect the surface of scraped
hardwood surfaces or furnishings.

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  Basic paint technique

After planning ahead and choosing the right color for the exact wall you want to start painting the
following steps are required.

1- Pick out your tools and materials: the project is special and you can need various materials
depending on the paint you select and the state of your wall, but there are a few must-haves.

Paint Sand paper Painter’s tape Rags Drop cloths

Paint brushes Paint roller Paint roller extension pole Paint tray Putty knife
By Joelle Maatouk 21
  Basic paint technique

1- Pick out your tools and materials: the project is special and you can need various materials
depending on the paint you select and the state of your wall, but there are a few must-haves.

Paint brushes Paint roller

• Used for cutting in and out of narrower and • Suitable for larger ideas, such as walls ceilings
more complex areas, including trims, corners and big furniture.
and edges. • The porous texture of the roller retains much
• The brushes are small and lightweight, they more paint than the brush and delivers even
work well to control the paint. layers of paint much faster.
• Often used to create textured effects with • With various rollers, different finishes can be
brushstrokes. created.
• Nylon or polyester brushes re suitable for • Rollers with a smooth surface provide a smooth
latex (water based ) paints. finish.
• Natural brushes are better for oil paint, • Rollers with a heavy or fluffy surface produce a
varnishes and stains. more textured finish.

3/16 and ¼ inch roller nap: applies a good finish with gloss paint on smooth surfaces. 3/8 inch roller nap: roll flat and semi-
gloss paint onto walls or ceilings with precision. ½ to ¾ inch: cover rough surfaces such as concrete floors to textured walls.
1 and 1 ¼ inch: cover full with brick and stucco. 22
By Joelle Maatouk
  Basic paint technique 1- Pick out your tools and materials:

Need primer if Don’t need primer

• painting over a dark color: in some cases you need a tinted

primer to help make the new color look truer to the swatch • Your walls are in good condition (no stains at
sample. all): if you are painting a drywall that was
• The walls are stained: imposed to water damage, mildew stains already painted with latex and is in good
or grease patches. These surface imperfections can end up shape, without any marks or stains, then you
appearing through the new paint. In this case special primer is wont need a primer.
required. • The fresh color almost matches the old one: if
• Painting a fresh wall: a new drywall requires priming; the you put white on another, similar colored
surface tends to be very porous and will soak up the paint if white shade, you could be fine without a
primer is not used in advance. Primer will fill in drywall pores, primer coat.
improve adhesion and decrease the number of paint coats. • The color you’ve selected has a primer: some
• Using latex paint on an oil based paint: using a specific primer of the newer paints are paint and primer
for this case will help the top coat stick to the shiny, oil based blends.
paint.
• You’ve got wallpaper: if you just removed a sheet of paper or
intend to paint over existing wall paper (yes, possible) primer is
a must. Often each of these surfaces is on the thick side and
would benefit from a primer applied as a base coat.
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  Basic paint technique

2- Calculating the correct amount of paint needed:

Generals:

One gallon of paint covers approximately 350 square feet.

A standard door accounts for approximately 20 square feet.
An average window accounts for approximately 15 square feet.

Calculation rules:

We multiply wall height x wall width to find the area of a wall.

As one gallon of paint coats 350 square feet, the calculation divides the total square footage by 350.
If you adjust the amount of required paint coats, the paint estimate changes.

You should identify how many windows and/or doors are in the space you are attempting
to paint and subtract the opening square footage from the total room/walls square footage.

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  Basic paint technique

3- Prepping the room: To avoid damaging or

staining the floor, furniture or the doors and trims, its
always a good idea to spread a drop cloth all over
specially the furniture in case they cat be moved to
another room. Gathering all the furniture to the center
and covering from top to bottom is the best way to
ensure no splashes of paint ruin your belongings.

Second step would be using the painter’s tape to

apply the edges of the corners of the room, the base
and crown moldings, and the door and window
casings, using a putty knife to seal it properly.
Having a proper seal so paint doesn’t get under the
tape is all, plus this one will pull away spotless after
it all’s dry. Removing or covering the outlet and light
switch covers and applying the painters tape to
protect the outlet and the witches from paint drips.

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  Basic paint technique

4- Mixing paint:
 Use a wooden paint stick or a mixing drill to stir the paint for around 2 to 4, and stir up frequently
throughout the project. When using more than one gallon of paint, mix the cans in a big bucket if
there is a small difference in color.

 Checking the manufacturer’s guidelines can be the best mixing practice because it differs by brand,
and not to mention the water diluting and mixing when working with water based paints.

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  Basic paint technique

5- Paint technique :

• Take one wall at a time; cutting in with a brush,

paint all along molding and edges from top to
bottom, next use a roller to cover the wall’s
main expanse, to keep away from those more
exact spots. When applying paint with a roller,
use long strokes in a W pattern to provide
sufficient coverage (and avoid those pesky
roller marks). When the wall has been dried to
the touch, its set for a second coat.

• When painting the surface, remove the painter’s

tape and allow for the walls to dry before
adding the tape to the walls. Start with the trim
closest to the ceiling, move to the doors and
window frames, and finally to the baseboards.
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  Basic paint technique

6- Clean up :

• Remove all the painter’s tape and collect the drops clothes making sure any spills or splashes are
dry before you move them.
• Clean soap and water brushes for latex and water based paints, whereas oil-based paints require
chemical spirits.
• You may use a painter’s brush to clean and reshape the brushes' bristles. When you choose to reuse
the roller tops, use the curved edge of the 5 in 1 tool to scrape the paint under running water.

By Joelle Maatouk 28
  Basic paint technique

Note:
Ensure the room is well ventilated during the
project by opening the windows and using fans.
Keeping the room warm and rotating the fan
certainly helps speed up the drying process. When
its rainy day, it'll tale a lot longer for the paint to
dry.

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  Faux finishes:

Instead of just painting a new color on the wall, incorporating texture will restructure a room in a
completely different way. Wall textures are widely used indoor finishes that turn a flat wall into a static or
dynamic and add light, depth and attraction to any room. In addition, adding texture can be more effective
cover for tiny cracks in the wallboard of the home instead of just patching and painting. There are several
different textured interior wall finishes available, including:

 Stucco/ plaster texture.

Troweled dash Pebble dash Lace trowel Flat travine trowel

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  Faux finishes:  Slap brush
The texture of the wall paint using the “ crows-
 Skip Trowel foot, panda paw or stomp brush is known as
Hawk and trowel refer to the tools used to create the the texture of the Slap brush. It’s a perfect
texture. The Hawk is a flat plate with a handle option either to cover wall flaws or to carry out
beneath it, plaster is placed in the center of the hawk a new, unique appearance for walls.
in the mound, and a flat rectangular trunk is used to Like any other drywall texture method, the first
add the plaster to the wall of the hawk. Thanks to drywall compound layer should be seamlessly
these materials Hawk and trowel's interior wall rolled to the surface, then brush is used to
texture appear to have more single direction designs create the design by clapping, stamping,
with many layer of texture rolling over each other shaking, twisting or sweeping.
Depending on the type of brush and the way
users control it, the designs of the wall texture
may differ.

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  Faux finishes:

 Santa Fe texture  knockdown

The texture of Santa Fe is rendered with a big drywall Splatter knockdown takes more effort than a
knife. lot of other texture due to the need for a few
This wall texture style will have two smooth drywall steps. When adding the texture of the wall
layers. The first layer is a smooth coat of drywall product paint, the wall will be painted with two
all over the surface and the second layer is a seamless primer coats before the coating material is
coat of dry compound coating 70-90% of the top layer. poured over it.
This wall texture will also look like Skip trowel texture if When the texture material is partially places,
the top piece does not cover at least 50-60% of the the surface is smoothed with a wide, flat
surface. knife.

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  Faux finishes:
 Popcorn texture.
 Orange peel.
The texture of popcorn used to be quite
Application of orange peel within wall texture is popular. However with its safety hazards
very close to splatter knockdown wall texture associated with asbestos popcorn is
style. However, the orange peel needs continuity becoming a very common internal wall
in the application to give the desired stylish look finish.
without the need for larger blotches here and To create a popcorn effect the sprayer
there. applies a thick layer of texture to cover the
Once the paint has been sprayed , the wall was which could be helpful for because
texture does not need to be smoothed, rather, this effect mask several imperfections to the
once it is dry, adding primer and one or two drywall. When the texture off the popcorn
coats of color over it will give the desired shade has been added. The surface can only be
and appearance. painted with a spray paint.

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  Faux finishes:  Brushed finish.
 Concrete finish
The brushed finish is achieved by running a
Working in small sections while using a long nap brush over the surface of the concrete mix after
roller to apply to the wall, then smoothing the the surface has been leveled. The style of finish
surface with a steel trowel with broad, sweeping achieved will depend on the thickness of the
strokes, holding the trowel at a 60° to 80° angle. brush fibers and the size and shape of the tufts.
Repeating this process over the entire wall and The rough texture is provided by rigid-bristled
overlapping sections after applying 3 coats using the brooms, softer bristles with medium and light
same process. The final coat must dry for at least 2 textures. Standard hand sweeping brushes create
hours, no longer than 24 hours, before polishing. an unsatisfying texture for the finishing of the
Using grit sandpaper, lightly polishing the surface in concrete surfaces and should not be used; instead
a circular motion and the concrete finish is a purpose made brush should be used. For
established. general, these brushes have metal bristles or tines
and long heads to lower the amount of passes.

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  Faux finishes:  Marble paint finish
 Color wash The glaze is basically a little gray paint with
glaze blended in, depending on the prescribed
Applying a shaded glaze over a base coat of a proportions of the glaze bottle. The more glaze,
different color allows to make custom finishes the more transparent the finish.
for a large or small projects, such as walls and Smudging the gray on the wall to create bands
furniture. While a basic color washing method or blurry gray areas, then smoothing out some
could be used to create multiple appearances on of them with a dry brush or a sponge dipped in
its own, false treatments applied during glazing white paint, a brush creates thick, squiggly gray
or wash layers allow for a wide range of options, paint stripes for added realism. A feather coated
such as linen or silk look. in gray or black produces delicate lines that can
be softened by blotting a sponge or rag

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  Epoxy floor:

Epoxy floor: is a floor material made up of several

layers of epoxy that is added to the floor to a depth
of approximately two millimeters. The distinction
between an epoxy base and an epoxy floor layer
lies in the depth of the epoxy. An epoxy floor must
as mentioned, be at least two millimeters thick. It is
possible to apply to an epoxy floor less than two
millimeters thick as an epoxy floor covering.

Primary components, resin and hardens, make up

the epoxy coating. The resin and hardener are
mixed together where they directly interact to form
a strong, degradation-resistant rigid plastic material
that links extremely well to its substrate. Epoxy
floors are so solid that even the most difficult of
industrial conditions can be used.
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  Types of epoxy floor:

 Self dispersing epoxy floors: a very solid floor and is therefore seen in high-traffic and heavy-use
environments.

 Self-dispersing quartz sand epoxy floors-like a self dispersing epoxy base, but with exceptional anti-slip
qualities.

 Self-leveling epoxy floors. These floors are simple to wash and look after and are very common for use in
kitchens, living rooms and so on.

 Mortar epoxy floors are the toughest of all current epoxy floors. Before spreading another sort of epoxy
floor, they are also good for fixing cracks.

 Graveled epoxy floors are the most stylish of all epoxy floors, but the most expensive floor to lay and
often the most difficult. Those floor have excellent anti-slip characteristics.

 Epoxy terrazzo floors are also very stylish epoxy floors and are usually found in wide spaces.

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  Types of epoxy floor:

 Epoxy antistatic floors are in vulnerable environments where the atmosphere should not have any static
effect at all.

 Epoxy flaked floors: these floors actually have colored chips or flakes placed inside the floors for design.
The flakes also have a somewhat rough surface that offers excellent anti-slip properties. The flakes are
available in various colors and can be blended in the mix of your choosing.

Epoxy terrazzo Epoxy flaked floors Graveled epoxy

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  Famous epoxy floor design:

3D epoxy: the installation for the Epoxy 3D floor requires setting down a layer of self-leveling primer
proceeded by the desired image. This is then processed to give the ideal picture depth with a translucent two-
component epoxy or polyurethane. The final phase is a layer of protective varnish.
The mounted epoxy 3D board, not like a sticker or painted vinyl that is directly beneath your feet, provides the
illusion of depth and is resistant to all types of damage that will normally impact floor decorations.

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