Lesson 2:
DNA Replication
Prepared by: Louis F. Ruado
MASE Biology
Philippine Normal University
Direction: Select TRUE if the statement is
true and FALSE if the statement is false.
1) Nucleotide is the building blocks of DNA.
2) The two strands of DNA runs in parallel direction.
3) The structure of DNA is helix.
4) In RNA, Thymine is replaced by Uracil.
5) Chromosome is a threadlike-structure and highly
coiled packaged of DNA and proteins.
_________
E P I T A E R L C
The action of copying or reproducing something.
________
O V E C N E R S
Maintain or retain the quantity.
______
Z M E E N Y
Acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
_______
A I E G N L D
The strand of DNA synthesized continuously.
_______
G G G A N L I
The strand of DNA synthesized discontinuously.
___ ___________
A D N L C P T E O I N R I A
Lesson 2:
DNA Replication
Prepared by: Louis F. Ruado
MASE Biology
Philippine Normal University
Objectives:
At the end of the learning period, student should
be able to:
a. identify the enzymes involved and the steps
in DNA replication
b. recognize the vital role of enzymes in DNA
replication, and;
c. diagram the steps in DNA replication
WH Questions
1. What is DNA Replication?
hat is the meaning of replicate
based from the 4 pictures?
2. Where does the DNA
Replication takes place?
3. When does DNA Replication
takes place? Can you still
remember what is Cell Cycle
based from your past lessons?
What are the phases of the cell
cycle?
4) When does DNA Replication takes place?
•
4) When does DNA Replication takes place?
• DNA Replication happens in Synthesis (S) phase.
Column A Column B
1. Unwinds the double
stranded structure of DNA
2. Add primer to initiate
synthesis
3. Catalyze the addition
of nucleotides
4. Joins the parent DNA
molecule and the newly
synthesize DNA
Other Key Enzymes:
• Gyrase/ Topoisomerase – found in prokaryotic cells that
helps to prevent supercoiling
• ssBPs – single stranded binding proteins that
temporarily opens the double stranded structure of DNA
into single strand. It keeps the double helix open.
• Okazaki fragment- short RNA fragment based pair with
lagging strand of DNA. It is being replaced by the proof-
reading Polymerase 1.
Guide Questions:
1. How can you describe the first step in DNA Replication
based from the diagram?
2. Describe the step number 2. Why does primase add
primer?
3. In step 3, what is the function of the DNA Polymerase II?
Guide Questions:
4. What do you think is the difference between the leading strand
and lagging strand?
•
5. What is the function of DNA Polymerase I and Ligase in step 4?
Guide Questions:
5. What is the function of DNA Polymerase I and Ligase in step 4?
6. What do you call the mode of replication occurred in DNA
Replication wherein after the process, each helix contains one
original (parental)DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA
strand?
Semi-Conservative
• Replication occurs in
such a manner that,
after replication, each
helix contains one
original (parental)DNA
strand and one newly
synthesized DNA strand.
Questions:
• Why is DNA Replication important? Why there is a need to replicate
the DNA?
Guide Explanation:
Reproduction is a fundamental property of all living systems. Cell
reproduce through the process of cell division.
Can you still remember, the two types of cell division?
Recall that Mitosis needed for growth and maintenance of organism. It
happens when one cell divides to form two daughter cells with the
same DNA as the parent cell.
For Mitosis to happen, the DNA of the parent cell must be copied or
duplicated prior to cell division during the S phase.
Direction: Diagram the steps in DNA Replication.
Draw the missing enzymes and label the parts.
Include all the words in the wordbank below in your diagram.
Leading strand Lagging Strand
Ligase Primase
Primer Okazaki fragment
DNA Polymerase I DNA Polymerase II
Helicase Single strand binding
proteins (ssBPs)
Assignment:
• Watch this short video about DNA replication on
YouTube and answer the following questions:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BwWavExcFI
1. What is the difference between DNA replication,
transcription and translation?
2. What are the steps in transcription & translation?
