Disaster Reduction and

Management System’’
A sudden, calamitous
occurrence that causes Providing for the National
great harm, injury, Disaster Risk Reduction
destruction, and and Management Plan,
devastation to life and Appropriating Funds.
property
NDRRMC (NATIONAL
It disrupts the usual DISASTER RISK
course of life, causing both REDUCTION
physical and emotional MANAGEMENT)
distress such as an intense
The council is responsible
feeling of helplessness and
for ensuring the protection
hopelessness.
and welfare of the people
They are there and they during disasters or
can happen because we emergencies.
cannot control the ways
During the administration
nature expresses itself.
of Gloria Macapagal-
Is a serious disruption of Arroyo, the Philippine
the functioning of the Disaster Risk Reduction
community or a society and Management Act of
involving widespread 2010 (RA 10121) was
human, material, signed into law.
economic or
The agency started to use
environmental losses and
the National Disaster Risk
impacts, which exceeds
Reduction and
the ability of the affected
Management Council
community or society to
(NDRRMC) name on
cope using its own
October 2010.
resources- RA No. 10121
Definition of Terms
Republic Act 10121
Disruption
Also known as “An Act
Strengthening the used to be a system that
Philippine Disaster Risk provides for the normal
functioning of a
community that then could occur in a
cease because of an community or society over
incident. some specified future time
period.
It could be transportation,
trade, school , delivery of 5 DIFFERENT POINTS OF
goods or services and VIEW IN DISASTER
others.
 Physical Perspective
Widespread
 Psychological
the extent of disruption Perspective
not only involves a few
 Sociocultural
people but everyone in the
Perspective
system. The impact of
disaster are experience in  Political Perspective
a larger scope
 Economic Perspective
Exceeds The Ability
 Biological Perspective
the extent of disruption
Physical Perspective
not only involves a few
people but everyone in the Refers to anything visible
system. The impact of or tangible, whether
disaster are experience in natural or man-made that
a larger scope is clearly affected by a
disaster.
Disaster take place if the
community cannot Effects of Physical
immediately recover and Disasters
may need assistance from
external resources  Injuries
 Physical Disabilities
DISASTER RISK or illness
 Sanitation
the term disaster risk
 Damage in
refers to the potential (not
infrastructure
actual and realized)
disaster losses, in lives, Psychological Perspective
health status, livelihoods,
assets, and services which
Victims of disasters may Gods, they may not
suffer from Post Traumatic consider any form of
Stress Disorder (PTSD) and urgency in rectifying the
other serious mental situation.
health conditions.
Socio-Cultural Effect of
Other Psychological Effects Disasters
of a Disaster
 Change in individual
 Stress roles
 Avoidance  Disruption of social
 Dependence/ relationships and
Insecurities personal connections
 Grief/Withdrawn/
Economic Perspective
Isolation
 Guilt Feeling Refers to a negative
 Lack of Trust changes in the production,
 Hopelessness distribution and
 Emotional Effects consumption of goods and
 Cognitive Effects services in a community.
 Physical Effects Affects locally and globally
 Interpersonal Effects
Economic Effects of
 Helplessness
Disasters
Socio-Cultural Perspective
 Loss of life
Refers to the response of  Unemployment
the people whether  Loss of property/loss
victims or not to of household
emergency situations  Loss of crops
based on their beliefs,  Loss of public
religion, practices, and infrastructure
instincts.
Political Perspective
Example: A tribe may
Refers to the government
believe that the disaster is
role and obligation in
a punishment by their
reducing losses and
Gods. In this case if they
damage of disasters its
accept the will of their
jurisdiction.
This depends on the The disturbing effects
existing protocols or caused by a prevalent kind
ordinances prepared by of disease or virus in an
the current government. epidemic or pandemic
level is known as biological
Political Effects of a
disaster.
Disaster
Epidemic Level
 People who have
trust in political A biological disaster
institution will affects large numbers of
assess the people within a given
government’s risk community or area.
assessments as
example: dengue
credible and accept
their hazard policies Pandemic Level
 If individuals are
Biological disaster affects
confident that they
a much large region,
will receive
sometimes spanning entire
sufficient aid from
continents or the globe.
the government
when a disaster example : swine flu
occurs, they might
not be motivated to Effects of Biological
take measures on Disaster
their own  Public
Biological Perspective Demobilization
 Negative Economic
Refers to the potential Effect
infection and  Unemployment
contamination brought by  Hunger
communicable diseases
that arise from lack of Vulnerability
proper sanitation and Under RA 10121
medication for the
affected victims of the the characteristics and
disaster. circumstances of a
community, system or
asset that make it Example:
susceptible to the
Flash floods can result in
damaging effects of a
eroded ground due to
hazard
moving and rushing floods
Such as poor design and
Socio Economic Element
construction buildings,
inadequate protection of Affects the lifestyle and
assets, lack of public wellbeing, peace and order
information and awareness and livelihood of the
communities exposed to a
Exposure
disaster.
Define as the degree to
The social interaction
which the elements at risk
including trade,
are likely to experience
communication and
hazard events of different
transportation are involved
magnitudes.
in the system and not
Certain elements individuals or structures
experience disaster risks if
Environmental Elements
they are exposed to
danger. Ecosystems and natural
processes that are
3 MAIN ELEMENTS
exposed to disasters. All
EXPOSED TO RISKS
organisms depend on soil,
 Physical Elements water and other
 Socio Economic organisms' survival.
Elements
Ex: Human activities
 Environmental
Deforestation and other
Elements
Exploitation of natural
Physical Elements resources
They include landscapes, Hazards
inhabitants, buildings and
other structures that take
up space on the ground
that have been altered or
destroyed
is a situation or event that - Are caused by humans
can endanger or cause and human activities.
harm to the elements of - These types of hazards
the community or are are usually traced to
exposed to it. human errors planned
or negligence or
Most hazards are
malfunctions in
inevitable or avoidable
technology
however potential disaster
they can cause may be example: bomb explosion,
reduced or prevented chemical spills, radioactive
depending on risk or toxic pollutant
reduction programs in emissions, and war.
place.
Elements Exposed to
TWO TYPES OF HAZARDS Hazard
 Natural Hazards  Proximity to a hazard
 Man-Made or event
Technological  Demography
Hazards  Capacity in terms of
material resources
Natural Hazards
 Institutional Codes and
- are caused by Physical, Policies
Chemical, and  Culture and Practices
Biological process that
Impact of Hazards
occur in the
 Magnitude
environment
 Frequency
- This are natural events
 Duration
and phenomena that
 Casualty of Events
humans can’t control
Magnitude
Ex: earthquake, tsunamis, Shows the extent or size of
landslide, tornadoes, impact based on
wildfires and typhoons quantitative
interpretations of scientific
Man-Made or Technological
instruments.
Hazards
Frequency
Is the number of times a impact caused by the
hazard occurs in an area, disaster such as the
the amount of impact that destruction of
can have on the are and infrastructure caused by
all the elements within it the force of high winds,
Duration flooding or ground
shaking.
Refers to the length of
time over which a hazard Indirect Consequence
or disaster event occurs. It
Indirect effects are the
signifies the period over
subsequent or secondary
which the impact of a
results of the initial
hazard is felt.
destruction, such as
Casualty of Events business interruption
losses.
Refers to the impact of
hazards on various
elements within
community, system, or
asset.
Events encompass the Natural Hazards
direct and indirect
consequences experienced Are Environmental
by exposed elements Phenomena that
during a disaster. potentially harm human
societies and the
It considers whether these surrounding environment
elements are directly
affected by the likely While Natural Hazards are
disaster or indirectly INEVITABLE and OFTEN
influenced due to UNPREDICTABLE, their
interactions within the actual impact on
community. communities can be
managed and mitigated
Direct Consequence through preparedness,
Direct losses refer to the adaptation, and
physical or structural understanding of their
nature and dynamics.
 TYPES OF NATURAL The shaking of the ground
HAZARDS occurs as a result of
seismic waves traveling
GEOLOGIC HAZARDS -
through the different
Volcanoes, Earthquakes,
layers of the Earth caused
Landslides, Rockslides,
by vibration or movement.
Surface collapses and
Debris or Mud flows Ground Rupture
Hydrometeorological Ground cracking of
Hazards - Cyclones, breaking occurs when
Typhoons, Thunderstorms, geologic movement
Floods, Flash Floods, and happens on a fault line
Storm surge and breaks through to the
surface.
EARTHQUAKES
This may happen in an
Earthquakes in the
instant during an
Philippines are frequent
earthquake. Slowly, the
occurrences since the
ground cracks and
country is lying on the
eventually breaks apart.
Pacific Ring of Fire.
Liquefaction
Countries that are situated
at or near the peripheries occurs when seismic
of the Pacific plate are shaking triggers the
known to experience mixing of loose materials
frequent geologic with groundwater or soil
movements because the saturated with water.
Pacific plate is the most
In effect, the soil behaves
active among the various
like a liquid that has lost
tectonic plates in the
its strength to hold and
world.
support objects on top of
Potential Earthquake it.
Hazards:
Earthquake Induced
Ground Subsidence
Ground Shaking Subsidence is the lowering
of land due to various
causes, one of which is an and type of earthquake
earthquake on a fault line. hazards differ from place
to place. These places
Crustal movement can be
may all experience
going up, down or
movement, but the
sideways. In that sudden
intensity and the effect on
movement, certain areas
the ground are situation-
are broken up which may
specific.
cause lowering of
elevation which eventually EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF
becomes permanent. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
Tsunamis - Currently, NO
INSTRUMENT is used to
The word tsunami is a
accurately tell the
Japanese word that means
exact time and place of
“harbor wave”.
an impending
Now used to mean a series earthquake.
of waves that are - Earthquakes can also
generated by a sudden happen in the sea. A
displacement on the ocean tsunami can follow just
floor caused by the large seconds after the
scale undersea landslides release of energy from
or earthquakes. the ocean floor
Earthquake Induced
Landslide
SEISMOGRAPH – AN
Landslides may happen INSTRUMENT USED TO
during or after an MEASURE MOVEMENTS ON
earthquake when THE EARTH’S SURFACE BY
weakened land falls off PICKING UP ANY
primarily due to gravity. VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY
SEISMIC WAVES.
Because of the differences
in geography, topography, FAULTS - Fractures along
and geologic profile of blocks of the earth’s crust
areas prone to
TRENCH - Linear
earthquakes, the nature
depression on the ocean
floor cause by convergent  Prepare your Home,
plates where one plate Workplace and School
slides under the other  Familiarize yourself with
the exit routes and
DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE
know where the Fire
FAULTS AND TRENCHES IN
extinguishers, First aid
THE PHILIPPINES
kits, Alarms and
Communication
facilities are located.
 Learn how to use them
beforehand

During an Earthquake
 Stay calm
 When we are inside the
room or structurally
sound building or home
“stay there”
 Do the duck, cover and
hold
 If you’re outside, move
to an open area

After an Earthquake
 Be prepared for the
PRECAUTIONARY AND aftershocks
SAFETY MEASURES  Once the shaking stops,
BEFORE, DURING AND take the fastest and
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE safest way out of the
Before an Earthquake building
 Check yourself and
 The key to effective others for injuries
disaster prevention is
planning
 If you need to evacuate
your residence, leave a
message stating where
you are going and bring
your emergency supply
kit
 Keep updated on
Disaster prevention
instruction from battery
operated radios