UNIT – V

DEMOLITION
5.1 DEMOLITION DEFINITION
Demolition Techniques means to destroy, disassemble, or remove. The
definition of demolition is “destruction, breaking down, or expulsion.” Building
demolition is the pre-planned and managed process of tearing down or
destroying a structure after it has served its purpose.

5.2 FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF DEMOLITION

METHOD:
The following factors should be taken into consideration while choosing
the method of demolition:
1. Type of demolition:
The method of demolition depends on the type of structure.
Demolition methods vary for different types of structure such as load bearing
structure, RCC Framed structure, steel structure etc.
2. Size of the structure:
If the size of the structure is small, no special method is required for
demolition. Hand demolition can be done. Special technique is required if the
structure is large.
3. Duration:
Choose the method of demolition keeping in view the time frame available for
the demolition.
4. Location of structure
5. Noise, dust, company limits
6. Available machines
7. Skills of labors
8. Safety
9. Surrounding Structures
10. Behavior of Structures, etc.
5.3 TYPES OF DEMOLITION TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTION
Types of demolition techniques used for building construction are given as
in table.
1. Non-Engineering Demolition
 Manual Demolition
2. Engineering Demolition
 Wrecking ball method
 Pusher arm techniques
 Thermic lance techniques
 Non-Explosive demolition
 Concrete sawing method
 Deliberate collapse method
 Pressure jetting method
 Bursting
1. Manual Demolition
Manual demolition is also known as hand demolition. This method of
demolition is especially useful for breaking small structures in densely
populated areas.

Manual Demolition of structures is done by labourers by hand. Large

machinery cannot go to the site as it is a crowded area. To do this demolition
method, use the following tools:
 Hammers
 Picks
 Wire cutters
 Welding cutters
 Hand driven hydraulic jacks, etc.
 In this method of demolition, the demolition of the building is done from top
to bottom. Jack hammers are used to break concrete components such as beams,
columns, slabs, etc. Oxy-acetylene torch is used to cut reinforcement steel. A
chute or skip is used to bring down debris from top floor to bottom. If the
distance of the edge of the nearest road from the building is more than 6 m (or
half of the height of the building) then debris can be allowed to fall freely from
the upper floor.
Sequence of manual demolition:
 Breaking the first cantilever parts.
 Remove water tank, lift cabin etc. from the roof before demolition of
roof.
 Breaking the floor slab starting from the middle and moving towards the
beam.
 The order of breaking the floor beam should be as follows.
1. Cantilever Beam
2. Secondary Beam
3. Primary Beam
 Remove the non-load bearing wall before starting the demolition
process.
 Break the load bearing wall and column after removing the beam from
the top.
2. Wrecking Ball Method:

In this method of demolition, a steel ball weighing 0.5 to 2.0 tons is hung
from a crawler mounted crane. The impact of these steel balls breaks the
concrete or machinery.
Two techniques are used in this method:
 Vertical drop of wrecking ball
  Swing action of wrecking ball
This method requires an experienced operator to handle the wrecking
ball. The building that is to be demolished must have open space for Crane
movement around it. If the building is to be demolished from the inside, the
interior of the building must first be demolished to make the necessary space.
3. Pusher Arm Technique:
In this method of demolition, a machine like a “hydraulic excavator” is
lifted with a steel pusher arm and pushed from the outside surface of the
building. In this way the machine should have a rigid base for operation from
the ground. Also the distance from the building to the edge of the road should
be at least 6.0 m,If the buildings are connected to each other, the building to be
demolished is separated from the adjacent building by hand demolition.
4. Thermic Lance Technique:

In this method of demolition, concrete and reinforcement steel are broken

by melting at high temperature. In this way a temperature of 2000◦ to 4000◦ C is
produced. In pipes of aluminium alloy or iron alloy 14 to 18 mm diameter,
wires of aluminium alloy or iron alloy are kept. First, the metal lance is ignited
by the flow of acetylene gas between the wires. Acetylene gas is converted to
oxygen and the metal lance burns.Causing the concrete and steel reinforcement
to slowly melt and break. “Powered lances” are often used instead of metal
lances.This way special measures need to be taken for safety. This method is
adopted only when other methods of demolition cannot be used.
5. Concrete Sawing Method:

This method of demolition is especially useful when the building is being

demolished and repaired. Useful where precision is required as well as control
of noise, vibrations etc. are very necessary. This method is useful when making
opening in a slab or wall, braking concrete in the basement, service tunnel,
flyover etc.
The following methods are used for saw cutting:
 Wire saw cutting:
It uses diamond bit with loop wire saw. This method is suitable for
foundation and mass concrete.
 Diamond disc cutter:
This type of cutter is available in diameter of 1000 mm which is used for
cutting concrete. It was used for the demolition of a telegraph station building in
Japan.
 Diamond core boring machine:
Holes of 100 mm to 150 mm diameter can be drilled in concrete by using
this machine. Concrete can be easily cut by dealing close to the hole. This
method is useful in nuclear power plants.
6. Deliberate Collapse Method:
In this method of demolition, the key structural elements of the building
are systematically removed or weakened so that the structure can be deliberately
lowered. This method is used only for the demolition of a building that is
isolated from the surrounding building, plus the ground level should be almost
level.
7. Pressure Jetting Method:
In this method of demolition, water jet is released from the nozzle at high
pressure (250 – 300mPa) on the concrete surface. This jet cuts plain concrete
due to abrasion. An abrasive water jet is used to cut the RCC. In which garnet
or steel particles cut the concrete. This method has been developed for the
demolition of nuclear power plants. The rear area of the visual element that is to
be broken by the water jet should be shielded so as not to damage individuals
and property. Water used in water jets should be recycled and reusable.
8. Bursting:
In this method of demolition, the building is dismantled by generating
bursting force from outside on the building.
Two types of this method.
 Static bursting
  Burster with wedges
 Chemical Expansive Demolition agent
 Dynamic bursting.
 Water gun
 Gas cylinder
 Cardox
 Mild explosives
 Explosives
 Burster with wedges:
In this method of demolition, bore holes are drill in concrete. In which
mechanical wedges are inserted so that the concrete breaks due to
expansion. This method is used to break plain concrete and machinery.
 Chemical expansive demolition agent:
In this method bore holes are drill in concrete. In this bore hole unslaked
lime (chemical expansive agent) is ejected with water. This mixture is expand
due to hydration which breaks down the concrete.
 Water gun:
In this method of demolition water is released in the bore hole at a pressure
of 40mPa. Concrete slitting occurs due to water pressure.
 Gas cylinder:
In this method of demolition, flexible gas pipe with bore hole is fitted with
rubber stopper which is attached to inorganic gas vessel. Then opening the gas
valve creates gas pressure in the bore hole and the concrete cracks.
 Cardox:
In this method liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) is filled in a metallic tube and
inserted into the borehole. This tube is heated by an electric filament. So that it
expands and spoils the concrete.
 Mild explosives:
In this way holes are drill in the column. Dynamite is placed in this hall.
Dynamite is arranged in such a way that the structure falls inwards.

5.4 DEMOLITION BY IMPLOSION TECHNIQUE:

 “Implosion” means an event where an external pressure is greater than
the internal pressure when an object falls inwards. E.g., if air is pumped out of
the glass tube, the tube will rupture. Implosion is an advanced technique for
demolishing high-rise buildings. Demolition is done with this technique where
the conditions on the site are not suitable for other methods of demolition. This
method is adopted when there are many buildings around. In this way the
demolition of the building is done on its foot print. The basic idea of implosion
technology is quite simple, in which if the support of the building is removed
from a certain point in front, the upper part of the billing falls on the lower
part. If the upper part is too heavy so, it collides with the lower part with
sufficient force and causes great damage to the lower part. In this method the
explosives are arranged in such a way that the whole structure falls inwards
towards its centre of gravity (c.g.).
Advantages of Implosion Technique:
 This technique is less expensive.
 Ground vibration do not occur.
 This method is fairly fast.
 This method is more suitable for demolition of high rise buildings, high
piers etc.
Methodology used in implosion technique:
The various steps of demolition in implosion technology are as follows:
1. Drilling of holes for placing explosives
2. Quantity of explosive
3. Type of explosives and detonators
4. Test blast
5. Wrapping holes
6. Ballasting
7. Falling of structure
1. Drilling of holes for placing explosives:
Holes of 25 mm to 30 mm diameter in columns, piers etc. are drilled at a
distance of 200 to 300 mm centre to centre. The hole is properly filled
with explosive material.
2. Quantity of explosive:
The amount of explosive to be filled in the drill hole depends on the
following:
 Size of the column
 Strength of the column
 How much demolition of the column is to be done.
In this way, especially the columns inside the building are completely
destroyed, but the columns on the outside are not weakened so that the building
collapses on the inside.
3. Type of explosives and detonators:
Two types of explosives are commonly used:
 RDX
 Gelatin
4. Test blast:
Test blast is done before actually blasting to determine the efficiency of
explosives and detonators.
5. Wrapping of holes:
In this method, after filling the blast holes with explosive, the surface of
the column is covered with gun bag, metal net or other suitable material. So that
the debris does not fly into the air during the blasting.
6. Ballasting:
The process of ballasting of explosives should be done in a controlled
manner so that there is a period of 1/100 seconds between two successive
blasts.
7. Falling of structure:
The building collapses on its footprint so as not to damage the
surrounding buildings or property.
5.5 BUILDING DEMOLITION PROCESS
Different steps are involved in the process of demolition of building
structures which are:

1. Surveying
2. Removal of hazardous materials
3. Preparation of plan
4. Safety measures
1. Surveying of Buildings for Demolition
Surveying means study of different parameters of the structure and its
surroundings. There are two types of surveying are mainly conducted. They are
a) Building surveying
b) Structural surveying
a) Building Surveying
In survey of buildings for demolition, following process are carried out:
 Types of construction material used
 Usage of building prior and present during demolition.
 The presence of wastewater, hazardous materials, matters arising from
toxic chemicals, flammable or explosive and radioactive materials, etc.
 Drainage conditions and possible problems on water pollution, flooding
and erosion.
 Shared facilities with adjoining building, including common staircases,
partition walls.
 Adjoining pedestrian and vehicular traffic conditions
 The sensitivity of neighbourhood with respect to noise, dust, vibration
and traffic impact.
b) Structural Surveying
In structural survey, following process are involved in demolition:
 The method of construction
 The structural system and structural conditions of basements,
underground tanks or underground vaults.
  The original structural system employed in the design.
 The condition of the building.
2. Removal of Hazardous Materials
If hazardous materials like asbestos minerals, petroleum contamination, and
radioactive metals are found in the investigation of site for demolition.
Specialized personals are called for the removal of the hazardous materials from
the site prior to the demolition of structure.
3. Preparation of Demolition Plan for Structures
A detailed demolition plan is made which illustrates the different process
involved and they are:
 The location of the building to be demolished.
 The distances from the building to be demolished to its adjacent
buildings, streets, structures and significant street furniture.
 The structural support systems of the building.
 A plan showing the procedure for the demolition of the building; detailed
sequence of demolishing structural members; and the method of
demolition to be adopted.
 A plan showing all precautionary measures for the protection of the
public including hoardings, covered walkways, catch platforms, catch
fans, scaffolding, protective screens and safety nets.
 Method of handling demolished building debris.
 Time required for the complete demolition process etc.
4. Safety Measures during Demolition of Building Structures
All the workers, site supervisors and engineers including plant and equipment
operators are briefed with the potential hazards and process of demolitions. All
goods that are flammable are removed from the site unless it is used in the work
involved. All the flammable materials like wood, timber, fuels etc. are stored in
proper storage facilities. Firefighting appliances are stationed in the demolition
site till the process is completed. Due to the demolition of structure, many
problems are faced by the workers, such as. exposure to dust, chemical
exposure, heat stress and ventilation, noise exposure, medical and first aid
facilities, sanitation and occupational diseases. To overcome these problems
suitable measures are undertaken.
5.6 DEMOLITION METHODS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES
There are two types of demolition methods used for buildings and structures
1. Non-explosive demolition
2. Explosive demolition.
1. Non-Explosive Demolition Method
It means the demolition of a structure done with some equipment without
the use of any explosive. Different equipment’s used for the demolition
activity are
a) Sledge hammer
It is a small handheld hammer used for the demolition of small wall or single

column.
b) Excavators and Bulldozers
These are big machines uses to demolish building of small sizes. They are
used for excavation of soil or transferring of debris to trucks etc.

c) Wrecking Balls
The building with the greater height up to (6-7 story) cannot be
demolished with the help of excavators or bulldozers. In such cases crane with
wrecking balls are used to perform the demolition activity. The wrecking ball
crack is crack attached with a huge steel ball hanging from a steel rope. The
steel ball is pulled and released towards the building. The steel ball with force
strikes the building and the part of the building is demolished. This method is
not recommended as the trajectory of the steel ball cannot be controlled after it
strikes the structure.

d) High Reach Excavators

High Reach Excavator machines are used in the demolition of tall building
where demolition by explosion is not possible. The building of height up to
300ft can be demolished by this type of machine. High reach excavators can be
used for different use by doing some attachments such as:
 Excavators with shear attachments - excavators with shear attachments.
 Hydraulic hammers - Hydraulic hammers and remove steel
reinforcement.

2.Explosive Demolition Method for Building Structures

Implosion Method of Building Demolition
Implosion is the process of demolition of a building using explosives. If
the supports of the building are removed, the structure collapses. Using
implosion technique, the main supports of the buildings such as column’s,
beams and slab are fixed with explosives. When these explosives are detonated,
the column collapse and so is the structure. Depending how the structure falls,
there are two types of implosion:
a) Falling like a tree

In this type of implosion, the building is made to fall like a tree to the
sideward. This is the commonly used type of implosion. When free space is
available besides the building, this type of demolition is prescribed. If the free
space is available on the left side of the building, the explosives are set on the
lower level of the building on the left side columns. As the explosives are
detonated, the columns bursts, the building tends to falls towards the left side.
Steel cables are tied to the building to control the falling direction of the
building.
b) Falling into its own footprint

When the free spaces are not available around the building and the
structure around the building are to be protected. This type of demolition is
used. In this type of demolition, explosives are set in the floor below the middle
part of the building.These explosives are to be heavy as the explosion must
demolish the building at once. If one part blast and followed by another. Then
the building falls towards the first blasted part. So only less company in the
world are experienced in this type of demolition. As the explosions are
detonated, the upper part of building destroys and falls upon the lower building.
Due to the heavy load and force the lower part of the building also collapses and
falls on its own footprint.

5.7 DEMOLITION SEQUENCE

 A demolition sequence is a carefully planned and coordinated series of steps
outlining the process of dismantling or bringing down a structure. The sequence
is designed to ensure the safety of workers, protect surrounding structures, and
manage the disposal of debris. Here's a general outline of a typical demolition
sequence:
1. Site Assessment and Preparation:
 Conduct a thorough site assessment to evaluate the condition of the
structure, identify potential hazards, and determine the best
approach for demolition.
 Establish safety protocols and procedures, including securing the
site and implementing barriers to prevent unauthorized access.
2. Asbestos and Hazardous Material Removal:
 Identify and remove any hazardous materials, such as asbestos,
lead, or other contaminants, following strict safety and
environmental regulations.
3. Utility Disconnection:
 Disconnect all utilities (electricity, gas, water, etc.) to ensure the
safety of workers and prevent any accidents during the demolition
process.
4. Interior Stripping:
 Remove non-structural elements, including fixtures, fittings, doors,
windows, and interior finishes.
5. Salvage and Recycling:
 Salvage and separate materials that can be reused or recycled, such
as metal, wood, and concrete, in accordance with environmental
regulations.
6. Support Structure Removal:
 If applicable, remove any temporary or support structures that were
added during construction, such as scaffolding or shoring.
7. Selective Demolition:
 This phase involves carefully dismantling specific components or
sections of the structure, especially when adjacent buildings or
structures need to be preserved.
 8. Top-Down Demolition:
 In cases where controlled deconstruction is required, begin the
demolition from the top floors and work downwards, carefully
managing the collapse of each level.
9. Mechanical Demolition:
 Use heavy machinery like excavators, bulldozers, and other
specialized equipment to break down larger structural elements,
such as walls, beams, and foundations.
10.Implosion (if applicable):
 In situations where implosion is deemed safe and practical, strategically
place explosives to bring down the structure in a controlled manner.
11.Debris Removal and Disposal:
 Transport and dispose of debris in accordance with local regulations and
environmental guidelines. Recycle materials whenever possible.
12.Site Remediation and Clean-Up:
 Conduct a thorough clean-up of the site, ensuring that all hazardous
materials are properly removed and the area is safe for future use or
construction.
13.Final Site Inspection and Documentation:
 Perform a final inspection to verify that the demolition has been
completed in accordance with the plan and any necessary permits or
regulations.
Throughout the entire demolition sequence, safety is of paramount
importance, and the process is often overseen by experienced professionals who
are well-versed in demolition techniques and regulations. Additionally, close
coordination with local authorities and regulatory bodies is essential to ensure
compliance with all relevant laws and permits.

5.8 DISMANTLING TECHNIQUES

Dismantling techniques involve the careful and controlled process of taking
apart a structure or object, often with the intention of reusing or recycling its
components. Here are some common dismantling techniques used in various
industries:
1. Manual Dismantling:
 This method involves skilled workers using hand tools to carefully
disassemble a structure or object. It is often used for smaller-scale
projects or for delicate components.
2. Cutting and Welding:
 Cutting torches, plasma cutters, and welding equipment are used to
cut and separate metal components. This technique is effective for
structures with a significant metal content.
3. Deconstruction:
 Deconstruction is a systematic approach that involves the careful
disassembly of a structure in order to salvage and reuse as many
components as possible. This method is often used for buildings
and structures with valuable materials.
4. Hydraulic Shearing:
 Hydraulic shears are powerful machines that use hydraulic force to
cut through steel, concrete, and other materials. They are
commonly used in the demolition industry.
5. Hydraulic Breakers:
 Hydraulic breakers, also known as hammers, are used to break up
concrete and rock. They're especially useful for demolishing
concrete structures.
6. Crushing and Pulverizing:
 Specialized machinery, such as crushers and pulverizers, are used
to break down concrete, masonry, and other materials into smaller
pieces for recycling.
7. Explosive Dismantling (Blasting):
 In some cases, controlled explosives are strategically placed to
break apart a structure. This is a highly specialized technique and is
used only in situations where other methods are not practical.
8. Non-Destructive Techniques:
 Some advanced technologies, such as ultrasonic testing or
thermographic inspections, can be used to identify weak points or
vulnerabilities in a structure before it is dismantled.
 9. Grinding and Milling:
 Grinding machines are used to remove surface layers or to reduce
large objects into smaller pieces. This technique is often used in
metalworking and construction industries.
10.Precision Cutting:
 Laser cutting or water jet cutting may be employed for precise and
controlled removal of specific sections or components.
11.Chemical Dismantling:
 Chemical solutions or processes may be used to dissolve or weaken
specific materials, allowing for easier disassembly.
12.Environmental Considerations:
 Eco-friendly techniques may be used, such as biological agents to
break down organic materials or environmentally-friendly solvents
for certain types of substances.
It's important to note that the choice of dismantling technique depends on
various factors, including the type of structure, the materials involved, safety
considerations, and the intended purpose of the dismantled components.
Additionally, dismantling should always be carried out in compliance with local
regulations and safety standards. Professional contractors with expertise in
demolition and dismantling techniques are typically hired for such projects.

5.9 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES USING ROBOTIC MACHINES IN

DEMOLITION AND DISMANTLING
Advanced techniques utilizing robotic machines in demolition and
dismantling have brought about significant improvements in safety, precision,
and efficiency. Here are some notable examples:
1. Robotic Excavators:
 Robotic excavators equipped with advanced sensors and computer
vision systems can perform precise digging, lifting, and demolition
tasks. These machines can access tight spaces and work with a high
level of accuracy.
2. Remote-Controlled Demolition Machines:
 Demolition machines, including high-reach excavators and
bulldozers, can be operated remotely. This allows operators to
 control the machinery from a safe distance, especially in hazardous
environments.
3. Crushing Robots:
 Robotic crushers are designed to break down concrete and masonry
structures into manageable pieces. These machines can be remotely
operated, which increases safety and efficiency.
4. Robotic Shears:
 Hydraulic shears mounted on robotic arms are used to cut through
metal beams and other structural components. These robots can
perform precise cuts while minimizing the risk to workers.
5. Laser Scanning for Structural Analysis:
 Robotic systems equipped with laser scanners can conduct detailed
structural assessments before demolition. This information aids in
planning the most effective and safe dismantling process.
6. Explosive Demolition with Robotic Guidance:
 In controlled explosive demolitions, robots can be used to place
and guide explosive charges with high precision. This minimizes
the risk to personnel and ensures a controlled collapse.
7. Automated Sorting and Recycling:
 Robotic systems equipped with artificial intelligence and computer
vision can efficiently sort and separate materials for recycling from
the debris generated during demolition.
8. Asbestos and Hazardous Material Handling Robots:
 Robots designed for handling hazardous materials can safely
remove asbestos and other contaminants from structures before
demolition.
9. Robotic Deconstruction of Interior Spaces:
 Robots can be used to systematically dismantle interiors, including
removing fixtures, fittings, and non-structural elements with
precision and care.
10.Underwater Demolition Robots:
  Specialized robots are designed for underwater demolition tasks,
allowing for the safe dismantling of submerged structures such as
piers, bridges, or dams.
11.Drone-Assisted Site Surveys and Inspections:
 Drones equipped with advanced sensors can conduct aerial surveys
of the site, providing valuable data for planning and monitoring the
progress of demolition.
12.AI-Enhanced Planning and Simulation:
 Artificial intelligence systems can simulate and optimize the
demolition process, taking into account factors like structural
integrity, environmental impact, and safety considerations.
These advanced techniques using robotic machines in demolition and
dismantling offer a range of benefits, including increased safety for workers,
reduced environmental impact, and improved efficiency. However, it's
important to note that human oversight and expertise remain crucial in
overseeing these automated processes to ensure they are carried out safely and
effectively. Additionally, adherence to local regulations and safety standards is
imperative.

5.10 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN DEMOLITION AND DISMANTLING

Safety is of utmost importance in demolition and dismantling operations to
protect the well-being of workers, bystanders, and the environment. Here are
some crucial safety precautions that should be taken:
1. Site Assessment and Planning:
 Conduct a thorough site assessment to identify potential hazards,
including unstable structures, hazardous materials, and utilities.
2. Engineering Survey:
 Engage qualified engineers to assess the structural integrity of the
building and to provide recommendations for the safest demolition
method.
3. Permitting and Compliance:
 Ensure all necessary permits and regulatory approvals are obtained
before commencing any demolition or dismantling activities.
4. Training and Certification:
  Ensure that all workers are properly trained and certified for their
specific tasks, including operation of machinery and handling of
hazardous materials.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
 Provide and enforce the use of appropriate PPE, including hard
hats, safety goggles, gloves, steel-toed boots, and respiratory
protection, depending on the nature of the work.
6. Fall Protection:
 Implement fall protection measures, such as guardrails, safety nets,
or personal fall arrest systems, for workers working at heights.
7. Safe Entry and Exit Points:
 Establish clear entry and exit routes for workers to safely access
and leave the demolition site.
8. Warning Signs and Barricades:
 Clearly mark the boundaries of the demolition area with warning
signs, barriers, and fencing to prevent unauthorized access.
9. Utilities Disconnection and Identification:
 Disconnect and properly identify all utilities, including electricity,
gas, water, and telecommunications, before any work begins.
10.Asbestos and Hazardous Material Removal:
 Engage licensed professionals to safely identify and remove
asbestos and other hazardous materials in compliance with
regulations.
11.Proper Ventilation:
 Ensure adequate ventilation is in place, especially when working in
confined spaces or when using equipment that generates fumes.
12.Machinery and Equipment Safety:
 Regularly inspect and maintain all machinery and equipment to
ensure they are in good working condition. Provide training for
operators and follow manufacturer's guidelines.
13.Controlled Demolition Techniques:
  Use controlled techniques such as precision cutting, shearing, or
the use of robotic machines to minimize collateral damage and
ensure safety.
14.Emergency Response and Evacuation Plan:
 Establish a detailed plan for responding to emergencies, including
evacuation procedures and designated meeting points.
15.First Aid and Medical Services:
 Have a well-stocked first aid kit on-site, and ensure that medical
assistance is readily available in case of injuries.
16.Environmental Considerations:
 Implement measures to control dust, noise, and any potential
environmental impacts associated with the demolition or
dismantling process.
17.Regular Safety Meetings and Briefings:
 Conduct regular safety meetings to discuss procedures, address
concerns, and reinforce safety protocols with all workers.
18.Post-Demolition Site Inspection:
 After the demolition, conduct a thorough inspection to ensure that
all hazards have been addressed and the site is safe for subsequent
activities.
By strictly adhering to these safety precautions, you can significantly
reduce the risk of accidents and injuries during demolition and dismantling
operations. Additionally, it's important to have a dedicated safety officer or
supervisor overseeing the implementation of these measures throughout the
project.