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Pharmacology Notes

The document discusses various aspects of pharmacology, including drug absorption, metabolism, and the effects of different routes of administration. It highlights the importance of understanding drug interactions, dosages, and the physiological mechanisms involved in drug action. Additionally, it covers the classification of drugs and their roles within the nervous system, particularly focusing on cholinergic and adrenergic systems.

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ammara4zahra04
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530 views89 pages

Pharmacology Notes

The document discusses various aspects of pharmacology, including drug absorption, metabolism, and the effects of different routes of administration. It highlights the importance of understanding drug interactions, dosages, and the physiological mechanisms involved in drug action. Additionally, it covers the classification of drugs and their roles within the nervous system, particularly focusing on cholinergic and adrenergic systems.

Uploaded by

ammara4zahra04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
—— ip Re / ualiby. Conk Pharmacoutics M . = Hospital Dharmary - Comaooi Spl pans ey = ow € obhics 43 z cr) vio v = Compuler ee Papers theory Pepor 4 s- Pharmaceutees D4 Pharmaceutics Paper 2 3- Pharana cology t+ Oaw € Ahies + Computer + Sacral behavior 4 Pharmacology 2 Jadusheeas Ploawmacy 3 Computer ‘Lectures Mam Arosa. Sir Kashig | Poarmaceutics TH Dharmaceutics Th | Pharma Coloqy Qaws ebhics \ Social behauier 4 WII? | pp iain of pcemacalngy) DY Pt Jods. : 8 Braoth of medicine dnat deak _tnith_mechanism faction f ~ SS diug, its cer sa adapt i cated phannacolacy — —thee Oe woo. -branches of Phawmnacsody — What had oh dg is could phacmacokidebie ‘ @. Kc orph bubs. ~ Metabolism aad excrelcdn 5] i 6 \Athal_diug do. with body ts Called phamaicadfoamice.. J i OF Route of dtu i eu Thee aw 3 andor toutes of cy eeonttvtlon €ntal__ (oral € gubhnguan renteral dv Othets Cdohalalion, intandsal Copica) Oe kplan. ova) with qdvantages & Yu : wf Quiea_by_ mouth =<. called xa) route CS re aft ¢5 ensiet amethad Quyuyy gd = | f= a al® x i | a Somme lines le is mot good : has dt undergoes fict_pase affect (tw pass {tous liver) . oe Mucoral irecttdion can —«_Onsel of action sed ‘ ii jot jue to Passage al wlal a! « Sy, LO i i é ve al a Hk Placemenl of dag sacle dhe tongue _ tu iclibutian also depen ing to ree Apat binds tahith Plasena_protizin becomes ioathvaled, a ; to Al ¥ bi fie ce eee inta “dhe cai. iy o = ec po = Dose administered ; Plasma Concentration of ug iver Mi $ Cause. —tk contain —enlsines— inata Should be - | ~ see shee oe __9 s0ls of veaclan a. i 2 Cte a These are Ginny df : o_o Of 6 que _metabplired After pass: “4 thvouth_phOse Teactions. fe cal «_Oxiclation eveduckiagn hyd 4s —ii_phose” teachings ii x ‘n03= a _Thae are tapes reachon. % ef abnli: by eo veackinn “he adlergo phate B_veactios. i (od _¥action ear 5 i L Reet of ag ftom is cated elimination’ Ding eal be rei en be * should: be “lt _, Feces (Small & mee intestine) biads £& — Shoiws (span C vv ih — thee a1_emost dwwerse_ qo up af tecephots. ney cankaio. peplice.. ati adetiG —a They aro _-hoked To G-protein having, A Adnutl. alpha ing i é. Jama a ocd. {clemcal) La i ostaceluular Pattian ere ac ecole. ee ‘ 0. x - They fnelp_20 ao ios across the ‘cor u : - ab: . ay Gane Nircobinre ree Beoan rr drug Por uoit, time is called dose ae 2 dup + 2 fea ffs Numbee of doe pec day 2 cated ala OD = one a day Ti = Three limes ado. id | Td Bd 2 dice a sol Avusage se thal _Pieduce a Pieduce a shotapeut ic sj ____ is Called therapeutic dose A_dose_that_ is Deed Ta maintain toccape dic fed zt Collad maintenance close . Laspest dose |halcan be safe tquen Safely ts Caliéd maximal koleraked dose. —% Toxic clog, ; Dose af dug that prodoce hacmfl effets fa body és cai toige! due. eagle dt is uséd Lo dose - of cd op slag Child dae = age 19 year x adult dose Age a tI 1 — St tsrwed fo calcuratos dae ar fat Cs i 4 year age) 1 Infant dose 2 wept pounds x adult. dora ' ($0 7 4 Oy factors onodi fying the action & dosage. i " tl . ‘ Et —fsen effect on_daiage of dug, — ~Dose_is dit terol fee dif fen age a i fox_Chi ‘ for infant we use. Claytels ferme: Peple above bo yeas of age has lau doe as taypere i CO _axdult- ‘ iz, a Dose off female Should be less thay male. bent Oke ane cloning festjaacys £ wnevssura) pode. 3 ~ pe. Dog. ie incase as hod; psp éncrlise. HOIST Tre Oval_dove is Gea as Compare {o__fublingua) & parcotea) dose hecawe thas Co pass through ji Pass effeck £ of Qdmini syabion _Prewace Of fanch ta _Sbmach, éan_delay the a of did. Sume du are taven in 2 dewacl. pentoles £ ae usually Taken at Bedtione aio the foun of Aicqud = Pt absorbed te Compare {a “hs Lanes 2 caput i rel =e 2n_dosage of. dud. as 4 \ z dition: a Quer of @ es cs. is _veduced: a a ag ople we © iu. anand igi pig expect When 420 of mare di ta_Cambin ation (ef dig amnay | eased : encteased effect oF nay he. Ae oY T y +} t e - a: Brain Ceateal nec Syste) ( pep heca) Nervous $4 shen J a Cord “ster (Autonomic meno brea Vl Ti Vi Vialalse % enous System _- y ee [Nk Neuron s- ; Structural functiaoal ail 2 brain is called neuron. sell as. € AP Dp There ave 2 types of neurons. 1 Sensory NeUONS s— mM hove fong dendvite £ short axons. o These aie alto Called af fevenl neurons, h wy chet s 7. z e_These_ave_Called of ferent Neurons AW A th Cory th impulse. Som cris Co Lue. a have lang ee 'e Short “edatat These! aye. biological molecules Ca 1Alhich dug bind € Show its Yespense 1 Al Pl al al 2 y \S YS \Y Ss S Sy SS ~~. _ ~ (Neute mmusealar jo = rfid) QAO (ahs te - These are the chemical cubstance that Ayansonit =e a fam One neuron to other mein ce = ~ sto — £ysers =—fpinso h Norepinephm ic. rine, Norepingphrine. < = pan ein ay Chaat one 2 IC >. th ibaualed) s (4 wre mot dice nego tesa Ly _~ Hidamion 1 i il Je Come. 4H ic £ Vamber) YOGion Of Spi . : 0g |_cord Me i Cons. . o Cran. = Sacral ei & is fic a « ea pathetic Sustem [Adtenee te Sysiem * re an Agonist Anlagonist ‘ J A a Sympathetic agonisl Sympathetic antagonist —® adrenergic agonist Adrenergic antogens} Ypathormmelics Sparro lates 5 Adrenomimetics Adtenaly hice fice * vn) ie S ¢ Si ¢ Parasy patheric Syetem | Cholioergé Systenn 4 a Agkagonst - Paras aie agonist a fo aalaqonsd & otal < git i chategeonegore a 4 : a Parasy mpaharen:mete oe paint im ~ s mpathetic achon Ss 1 i Ti cl Rest | digest mode < (fight [flight mo le) es. [digest aede) e Glood vessels trichion Asodijatiaa a Blood presse f (High) 4 { tow) aHead rate. if ) ~ sb (Gow) tues | Muda ts Miosis - | (pupil. dilation) Crapil Conliaction) ~ Siiag muscle dilate - Ciony enuscte a Contract ali Ronin section P| x | Thick Saliva Wailer Saliva = cr vy lh -—_ Uline output A g q a2 GLI molility | J h = j wah seh = @ enti : . Male gen euro. jt slation| erection ~ iter iL hyve Acs chains : nephrin. Ath i = | . Dope oe = oo Oo, Zz =z — = Qerz alal iS 3 Pal x i | | | y © € a i olinerqre Qnonict ’ € = aaa A 3 ¢ icety S< = é x Sndiiect aching (reves) =sh{ j Dhuysosh:Gaine 23 2 . = 3 Jackson adoc CActesersae) § | —§ j € > a in IK dl ~ St % Canned disect acing Alaina na) adonis| - 7 - Pharmacaxinebic: Absarpiion 2. This dug is Quatemar) amania com ind Cond) Se it Cab mol “Cross: Bod braco* barcor (BBB) ° . rf _wipad o_4t decreases head fate 5 ori Cc oft sacvease ornany outp al —._4b_towemses Git anally. ' a bt tocwacos Salvation Yb tocences “ lacnmdl Secretion . a9 Cause _byncho tanst n chico ’ Ules :— «tf It is used Co +reat hypertension ~ His used teat Aachy cacdian ——Aduette ef techs. —_* +Hypalnsie —+ Brady cardia Cl we) Diarchea. —1 pag te tig ba Gmine tampound $0 Can -cvess blood bravo bamee (Bi é micotinic vereptys & adwales ie | | : ‘ S4ptem, s —2_At Couse _vasoolclatan : ad cai 1 f a DressAte ~ A Coue decregre_in het vate iff Case rndyis (Contech ion of “pups a , 2 ot Cause _brnchocmsaction eo St Came increase so Salivaey.~ Prd lu chic ‘i OF Cause increase in Ca motifs 2D} incventes wtinary ouput. 4 dt os Used treat hypertension { ti b i cardia. » Brady cardia C.L 0) _"4potensian e_ Didunea 2 aay foie a Salvation " Qi Ec othiophale ge PS indire Same _as physostigmine ral Wo A := ‘ ae ls : Same as physostigenio Ths doug steve “ er aie barat r i —— cont af —_ ;——ADRi= 7 1 2 2 il wy ee Cholinergic antagonist | parasympatholylic © Pa . oo ( lassification 2 - 1 Ante_museataic ggant: as a Atropine 2. (aang liomic blocwer * - = Mecanmuy{ amine * 3 Neuromus ular blocuer 3 + Succin a4) cho line ba Taboturactnc. / Co C7 Phiopine— = = This_is parasympath obyftie ug. — inebcs :- w _ ft is _@ tertiary amine Compyuod, & sil (oss yain bawier (BBB) and we bed. Distabution - dt is wen dishibuled in body. a Metaboliseni- Jf és emttab chred by liver Goat) a _ fkcotion:- df ts excreted though viene . a CodyN Amics :— a MOA:= this dug. mpates with ace ne & inluibils - ils binding with muscarinic _receptey- Thus dt blocur a ams Cavinic seceplat As Q sul paraapatite S4shom, ei 1s blocked. = 5 at cause ben vasotanshiclian. | a = y “ m Cause_intrease ia _blaod ut un Det mate. *» a 41 cause anyduiasis Epa dilate). No cau —bwdchodilation ~~ ~ ot decease _vtinan utp 4. St decrensor C-1't motility Ot deciease Saluscrey -piodckion US2.5:—_ aoe Ps vised © treat hypatnsion. Co treat i NS a ~ tts U i ‘oss: vp Dk is used (0 Wreat-rsation Sickness" ae Checause ce Center alse has muscannic_recephr, Activalim > of Which produce Yurn'tvag) , a Dt fs used _ank fe # depolarizer meuomus cular blocker hug. St cause membrane Co depelatee jet a lng Gime, : St produce analccle —faseinlation qallaved y pacity WES — . Used sn Combinatican With Qnesthesiqg Eg mpathebe Systen/ Adrenergic | ac dala aalalaalalalalalalala a Naurdtaosenittecs:- Cpintphnne __ (adrenalling) ‘Se cpaain ( Nor= adrenaline) T Dopam ie erotonig ist — umpatiele, agonist adrenemic agonist] “Gopacancalis Patna mpaciomemttc fadtene memete tagonist- G ic _anlagonist | adrenergic antageninl/ ¢g J ; Smpathotyte | advenaly tice ST I y — tee a B ‘phn 4 a L T T Tt q XB ny o « dy di J ye Blood vesels Blood vesse? — Heart Blood verser fi on ‘ Moma. Srmaee. Keg stemac. e Intestine loiy Onterting x Bronctebtes mr hss xonchiota. % Liver River Salivary gland Heat a Reproductive ogao Skelwian muscle “ Sphincters Daliasar = Ke Radial Sousde Ciarg mugele on oh) c:1e ae aera | 7 hicae a Saditecl act ag duug y "4 7 ~ Aeaphelanae = Mixed. action dug ¥ tphedicoe * - AQ. Bw end ie a = bieakdoun of epimagphrins é snataplesphne. ¥ St is of hwo types mAh mAoB > mMAoA = Cause aKdown 9 20/21, mnie 7 : bx 4 aa pone Serolonin vw € MAoB = Soy Cause breakdown of clopanine. dod dk ts b_dilect_actng cympathowimetec Jig, ru i molt Take. ae 4 This dg binds wiih bol _& £ {> tecplars 6 Qclivater them. As Q esult there ¢s Activation 4— Syopatheks “pile At low dose it binds a B Ge eit lornds whi 1 es nah Cattee is rolonsed Jy advenci\ Sy Adrena) + emoculla« ‘ medulla CP) Acti Ody :— “P oe AL Cause Vasoconstd ction —. St cause rncease in bleed procure . Sb Cause increase in héait_yate - a St Cause cytes (papil dilation} 4k decreases ana output It decunse tat nati 4 decease - Saivay _£ €crelian KH Cause branche ilalcen Ue tt is_used fo {eat hypotension ts used W treat bronclwa| asthma % Co teal neasis HL ts used fa Joa) AnasthesiA\ ia Combing toca) vay acanss tion) , : — ADR ig adivect thing Se mapathomian otic altag —[Link] S + le : action r= MAO Cenanpamine Oridace) is an e that cause ingphring € morepinep hyjnt. This dru tothib MIAO enryme 1 Os a Y@sutl there is incase level + epi é sca. tathith achiviby “opal Splem. es, Actions on body (AORise soe dipe SOme Os ofa phene oh “i. \S VV ic antagonist : Classification mpatuoly tics :- t_ Alpha. C — Pra2osi A Bela — blocker —_ Nolo): : VVVIUVUUA cansen'}ter_ul ey qy Gr Pras . tae (, -blocuer Apeipatioo tiie aap = S|. 3 1 Simple —— MOA = me This drug Lerpatis tairth posyphses € iolutbity its ee bated witty oy tede plat As a_@sult Symp aileetie a. Syston < blocned | a _t Cause vasodilation 2S) doceases blood pesiitenn a _Jt_ Causes oneosis oft A tncvoases 13:1 motility. a St fociease véioay oul pul a t jects dhin “saliva increatcs Cacrimalio AAAARA Uces:- . s Jt is Usecl Co treat Layper Cension, > je ionprovet sscinae sulpul 4 - * Hypotension " Bradscacc Va. Respatng foulure 4. Diaehoa ¥ v ~y a Po Yamolol xy wy Limon selec Bla sspempasn aby be diag / Lhatana: co Kinehe Ls ~y Simple. Ae Dhatmacodynamnits: - his dru rode with ai _ ays & Y e280 fesilt thee _is decrease eve) of CPi, & ozer i. Asa resul sympatuetic _systein is blocked ~ , ee -»—Ackinns:= ee — 2 ft Cause dacrease in lof fe, ae —t bt Cause dociease in heat rate ae — tk couse vasddilalian =—* Mt Cause amenuis —y— 1S iacwase GST _mnatili «bt Saliy « Ft inca tutioatian — : . S ~ 4 Cause bronch0constickion. — dt Cause increeye _(ACeématan $QSz - 5 Jt is used To treat er (Onsion. St ?s used lo trea arg rBs0e AOR :- _tlYypotension 2 bradycardia 2 Qiautea o Increase Sajivation ng Bepetiit falar eon Jt ts a du t_offect release cceuptabe atuekic neutotdansrnrtters, F VVVUITAVTUHNAWY w - The ul chits veh of SYmP atuetic olan. 4 itters (epi epi 1 cle, Iso ‘moles veyptave of epi 2 moresri hei Sevage ese Same as proprane) Sains O4 prpranes Some a4 propranolal..- = ° Glulanaie GABA CGamna amino agree a Aspartace Glycine + Neuro live disease ~~ Axial o_ Depression i H : Epile, ~—— Schizophrenia a Pipe wv wa o Dleur erative desordexs ¥ ; e 2, . ane. COuUse << ay wb Dopamine level in hraca ~~ 7 * shaking of hands fps i) wakiog ~— Stifae. a. balance =~a—+ sShivercn bys Dopo decnchoaty aie ami e 1 =—— Or “ 1 We 5 - — levodopa i (o_treat prartuinsoo itm Sep Should) be taKon “in empty Stomach. bhava Lodynami SS = a Levodapa is & _precursoy_of — Dopamine is & ¥ Qualernary amine (wept) So it Can not Cross blood fuer baveier (i B) Bul_cts Prccaser “Bevodopa’ can Cross BBB and Converls plo dopomine. “Dopa_larbory Jase _ is anenyme thal cause breaudwin f dopamene. SO we ive_aypidopa sn combinalion with fovodepa: Corbidopa breaks Cope docarboory (aise. As_a_resuit . v + dopamine. evel increases in byaun® USOse, ae 4 is used to tol [Arkinsenism in Combination With Carbidepa.. siguss Brown Colred Saliva iGo a Brown Colored __udine —.__ Nausea ' { aad e vomiting u a 1 =e eit is used GS Goxialutic rug. c se. my agh dace act os ee => $f ack as @kelefal muscle relay 2} is usocl ais orig dug, = @ 5 is Used fo trot ti ves — Sy ee f X fo. ‘ fouly aren Psamoaig Drowsiness s Confusion ‘ ictio «Tolerance t “Oy Bachatualet . Ob ts an Derlelays Sei4, ‘ PhawnacoKingtice, ‘ / Same Sipe. — Phat city ae . Same a. 02.04 ine ! ' AOR .- ; / Same 4s bemodia2reping 224K. e Rostlessness sth meninmne a—ceath due (a overdose * 4 usp; — Dk is sel in eatmont fF onnield _bul Can ——anet_pucdluce aobicaauulsanl —€ sages velasacl __., etgect - es, eu d Unit- 3 ~ lassi'fi . ~~ )_ps4tomolor Slimu lant ~ —CoCosor Nicotiag Na @ Hallucinogens Sy >y >~y Lsp_( Dysecg ecGuie asd chatslanil) Qn Cocaine Jt ts & enis Shamlant dg: Oblained Jeo ‘PPD fant” a Avera ok iC. | Jk is 4 *. taken by Smoking, ialranasa), Chee yr rt Z ay nse 2 action _is pi. __(Senple) Cocarne nat the Fp of_epinephnine. € motepr io Vesiclas, As & result there *$ in~rease ieee fh these owrolransemittess 10 4he body wthich achvaler 11 _ ~~? a oe ~» : ag — SE Cause tremors _& Convullsion ay Cause hiperthermsa.. ag—+ St Cause fetal anesthetic Sf fecl because, 1b = Produce Jacacanstue tien = ADR = . Anxiety © Seizures 2 Hallucnation o Cardide ayeest - ® ww Ww les a s ii Simple 4 Cinteneand en Cos At ow he it Came $42 12g Konic Yirrulation ( Posattn.- Patel’ Amulat nulation ) Yat toh dove it Cause genglian —blorikec (Ruas etek blécuage) / US si = : 4b Cquse haperCension. —| 2 Ot Cause iecrease io head rate i a Jt impwies attention feacnsag satia is Condition ADR :- » Constipation a Conges|ive heaul Jaslure. e__tremor a Tachycardia LSD PhaimacoKincte Same AS nicotine Mon Ag hows Serptonin 4g onist activi} —a_aeult thee is _tocreace level — $e kann Loody which athvates S4mpat Shen, (Some. OA onic 2 Usd Ady heptessacss E loss of pleasure of life. 5 4 Selective- Serotonin reuptake inhibitory. _ Feuoketing ~ 2 Serotonin - flor epinephrine weuphane enkibitdy:— Dulsxalin > ~y 3 Alypical goli idepressan} » (Dopamine »€pi 2euplate init Mitqeopine : ~ 4 Freya antidepressaal_z- {item sag i expla ~s Aenitryphgia. t bth & histamine > S Monoamine oxidase inluibitog — >» Phéoe)2iae ~ oe FDuatil ine — ~ ~~ SE is an antidepressant dug oN QC 1 + Q J ‘np 4 vi This dp nib splat 4_Seotenin soto Pre syoophe vesicles Qs Q_ vesull Cre 7s rock devel _6§ Sérotons in LyooPhic Cletd _iwhich activates fn paride spstero: MSE :- is oll This dug “s used to teat cepregien. Vek 58 ArT Saka rharn th = e Jleep disturbance. 2 Headache « Cooslpatio eo . Tachycardia, . une relentin « hn ke ; ——— = A} isan Gatidepressoot dug. Simple tc Yoo t= Mon. Tes diug inlcbits veuptai’e 2 So1toin £ cnorepi bring, into péestnapice vesicles As Q result there Fs increqse H level_ of Serotonin E merepi in Syn aphec clef) Uprrcl~ * aduake Sympatletic system. USec._ oo Gy His an antidepressant oh ab Pical_in_xnalare\ _4 harm acokinet reste 4 ae Same as [Poker Same “8 _Jlucketine LEEDS woo a = This dug inlibik veuplare 2} dopamas © epnephrns iolo Piesyaaptre vesicles. As a sult fore is dl > 34 » ‘ncvease level of dopamine _& epinephine io £yoaphie x Cleft whic activates Sympatuete Sysem : es: oT “P t . Same ' —_—_—_—_—— i — Qn_dotidg pressanl dag. (te cyclic io matefe) Pha ensico ioe bie _____-____ Some ’ Pharna dodunarnites = MOA Theis dug _rlubi} veuptaxe of Serotonin £ —etepinephre tolo_Presynyphic vesicles As a sult there is tncette T leve) 2h Seodtonin é netep 10. srogpls cleft, 4 oko t regulate Ligtt&bi}) Acelyje £ bkesfamins level Pa body which activater syempaieti 7ttem uses J! ADR Same Cy Dheneleing A ts _an ankidep teviaat — alte It ts amneng amine oxidase solid ily Hed, BS Vd tat Fi Simple Phatoardjponi Mode Monoamine oxidage is an eolgne thal cause bri€adosn of oping bine € dy -_—— Za. body. Phen ele ine fokibifs MAO enrym'e_, As a Msult there 15 _(nWChbe levey_of Cpinephrihe & _movepimephrine sn We bocy. L detovd , 7 Which activates Syempcttha he Lgeters USES: = Same ARR :— Same Vidddddddda erg {euroleplic_ chugs Also Called Hanquilipers, ones » antischizophenre| drugs. fl Cole pics Digs’ that have Cendancy fo yeduce mental ‘ines: uchak ics Severe mental fllness- Aaifpsyehatic Orgs that qe used +o kill severe mental Fllness. Schizaphientas- A mental disorder, characterized by disluibance “a thoughts, Processes, emolions, tesPense £ social oe aphrenic 3- Dags used to teal mental disorders. 2s of D012 sv ot Depemine level + ® Seartonin Qovel ov CMukamic acéd Con amino Acid that holps to male Prolains 14 sends € recewe Mformation Yarn'one cell of braen bo another. Involve 7 learning € enarnovy) « Depa mine ir Wy Yj r D2 03 Dy Ds 5 Pk high donsity it es Qocated in Sialum , nucleus ACcumbens *£ olfactory Jobercle > 40 Qess density fa hypothalamus, amygdala: AWG Presant im C12 Cchomorecopter hregger 2one) & Cause Vomihng. A / species Neurote plic /Tranquuilia ers Anhi schizephvoic Classification ,— @ Typical Neardephics (low Potency) e Chlorpromaaine © Npical_neucatephics (high potency) * Halopendol @ Atpica meunlophes ° Clo2a pine Typical Neural ephes Atypical Newaeephes © These eve called Ast | eo These ae Callec! newer generation neuycolephics Aeuvelephics e These drags Lind with | ® These dugs bind perth D2 vec Se More \Ai te om 2 lee é ove aie E less brad ality Or vecoptors £ block them, PhamaCokine tics 2 Absorphion :- Can be taleen oral, 3s, Sv and show varable absorplion Dishibuhoo 2— = dha Gorge volume of cishtbubion Mataboliim i ¢ Metaboliza by Qiver Exceehion ¢ - > excreted Ahvough urine. Phavna codynamics 2 Mlechanitm of actin s- AN newrojeptic dap bind With dopaminergic £ Sorokmin Yeceptwrs iq the brain © block them fsa result the is decease in KerOhmin e opomine Qevel in bd, | Ww Te Actions on the body ¢~ . CD Anlipsy cholic actoo »— a al Ces SYenploms af SChi2ephveni a by blocking dopaminn & serohoain BY Antiemebic action. _ Because it blocks Or-vecephws em the CIZ Center So it has antiemetic effect. BY Anbmuscaxtnie effect s- ee Thete rugs preduce. ae 7 Oey , J, Urine oulpu} Chelir iy oe eo DHR Chachycardia) . eat + My drvasic (Pepi dilalion) eo bradycaredia Gr) Bite, ° Dryness of mol}; 5 © Mioss Cconshechion dranquiliner effect i. of PPil) o Ts dug is Wed to ave fh ’ Calm - * 4 yeduces Pan £ Adverse effect t- ‘ Urinary yelenlion 2 Confusion @ Sexual dysfooction| ® Movemont disorder 2 Tremors Gmine ae) do protein AM ite~C 23D Inte L Shope “ m A adie cells thet TResh he» sn bt grins Crbegome_ oY decodos MRNA Nes Omer Shoe molecules + i Ko o atlep hte duds HEPSY a » Epilepsy ts a disorder tn Which brain actvily | Domes Alonormal 1 Causing Seizures or period of unbual | behoviot 1 Sensation and’ Somelimes joss of quorareness. | > Sudden imbalance occur Plas inhibitor} é excitatory Adurobransmittets- . a Koccars due to overactivity of exci latory neacolansmilters That Cause high action Potentia I. £xCisalery 1 walcoltontente A Anhibilory neuro {Gnsmtted ° Svcsate bCaABA | o (EOLe- | pa | GW cena Aclion Potenhal ) 0 4 VGrwx NM (Neaomuseular “ponetion a thanae! Kichewt Nek chennet Naftd Caranpaie ene | | Cell membrane 5 Chae én electrical activily % the membrane of cwnerve, Cell “bY the passage of an inpue *$ Called action pg ° Be hen ptt hal of all Channels ae * be Which ca tivation of Neuen dn " ly Here % Abnormally lugt ae poten | fypes of $01 a % Thee ava 2% Aypes °F Saizures 4 Partial seirues 2 Ceneralred Seirues a Partia $@ides ¢- Seinu@s that tnvolve one Portion of yracn, ip mot rected mney proces & betome Yeneralired, 3 tunealired ruc Seirures that snvoWe i brain and ae (icy more dangerous 4han pa Seidures. \ ”, ivi Clacitrcation » cola p“lep fi sssigase Wb Benrodiqrepens ss. . See th hypnotic drugs 4 Gi Gana oe ce ame ‘ Gabapentin 7 | CD Hy dant ain ¢- on | Phenytoin Pheolcfa 2. @ Ths i$ an ankept epic dup | Pharma Kinetics ¢. i) Absorption + Caken orally € Iv © Dislibubton g- Small volume of dishibution. 9o/- binds With plasma Protein ; © Motdbolism Motabolize by Iter © Excelion —s- — Exereted Mavough uta Pheimacodynamis ¢ Mecham of actiog t- At normal dose, this drug blocks voll ed Na’ chanmels. A leah Concontralion it Can block volage | qyaced cd? Channels « “Thus decrease action potential ‘in (ses © nyt pin s- © This drug -isvused 40 reat parkial Sorraves. © Tes ce is Used to heat feneined Seizures: nyse Olfoct 2 2° Gum hypertrophy” ° Skin rashes (dba toe This #5 an antrepfleplte drug. Pmimalsetsede © Absoiption s- (akon ofaltyy as taplel, capsule, Sfeop ® Motabolism s- Nol appreciably meteibohred je txeetion 3- Renal excret Dharma cacvaamnrcs Jechanvim of ackions- GyaBApentin is an ante of GABA. However it daos not act at GABA receploY mor enhance (ABA activity . inhibils voltage ated Ca’ Channels Qs a result there % decrate in action potential of nerve cell, Uses, © This dug i used fo treat pavkal Serres. This dug ts Wed to freat Generalized Seirus, © Behaviorql Changes | © fMSomnia ion in vachanged Jorn. e Diriness —@ loss of Coordination | © WUldler retention (thal Cause Soong + (295, Gees: € fed, mM jor dicaxe (leate: Oo CUS ) e Head Jalure —@ Amythana “Angina etlypertension Héea¢ oulure 3 - A Condition in iathich head is Unable 1° pump Sufficiend blood to moet she needs of body. , 0 ¢ hice uted to |e Y ACE inhibitors Caplop'l » Enalaprl | fosenope«| 2) Angiotensin yecepler Liseuers= “P Bosarkan y ‘fo\misarlan 3) B_bleckers- Poprancte Y Direct Vasedilatars <- Sodium nitopaside { 5) Jnclwopic agent Digpssn}bgats 6) Nuclics ; Acolarolamide, manartol, orosemide Renin -cncpo lense System & juve Mgio Nensinogen \—— tenin (rid om) Prfjotensin | -| ec (aang Kidney ) | Angiotensin Captepa ® Queso Binds do Ala fa | . y | Adale \sjpathalns Release ABH vasocansichion Date aldesbrine Y ) 1 Shmalate 4hist Con gzive KI a 5 Conse? et ao an in fee “i Bld pressur is mall 2 9 i i Le ~ Caplopi? | is an ace ce Cale Converting enty me) inhibitor deg: ) | PhavacaXs | Nbscep tion t- This tug is JaKen ovally in emphy. shmacly, Dsteb ions Wen Yekistributed in 3 body, | Metabolism LH % metaboliied by Qeaoe. Cxaction s- This dug is exceted Aheough vine. ” | Gast of action 3— | hs ug hil angiotensin Converting enryme (ME). Thus | iokengin—T is Mol Comerled into Argolensin—T (a vasoce-| dant As & f@sult vasodilation occur. Decrease in BP, | ACE Cause breakdown of bradykinin Which is a Vasodilator | AS wAletl AS an in Yammatory mediator. When ACE enh | | is inhlbiled, Qevel of Iradykinin increase in body. Asa fesull more vasochtion occur Mises ee | Ot is used Ao Areat hypertension | |? St is usect bo treat heart qeuiluuce . | | 201 Couqh* 2 hypotension 2 SKin Yash eabdeninal po Conkea a loses | As el ts Jebotoricy Bo do mot use &® Pregnency. 2Y Nogecten sin_yece Plax choc = Losarton + Phamatokcnctics + Absop hon Ts % taken orally . Have bap pase protein bin | Dislebulons Mh is Wen dishibuted in the body. | Mrtabolieme- We drug metabglaed by Over: | Excretion. Ts dug is excreted through Urine. on. PhasnaccdYacinsces Mechdarsnr of action s-. Angiolensin-D Vshon binds with ATi receptor, it act vauatantycr This diag inhibils angiotensin-G to bind with) Aly Replay. Thus Caine vasedktation & deciave in OP. J doesnot have any affect ef bradykinin. $0 do not Produce dry Cough. ree J ts used to treat hypertension. A ts used to treat heart Jailve. | Advene effects. game as AcCeT dugs but do mot prduce co @ hypotension »SKin fash © Abdominal (224 “a ‘<_cagonlss FGOXIA 3- Digoxin ts a Glycoside obtain {om dlipitats Janata’ hare Cokiaehics + - Absrption ss This cag e& taren orally. Dishihution +- Extensively dishilouted in the body, Matabolsm-Matabolred by Qiver. Lxcebioas-—txerated Ahfough Urine Phavnacadynamics s- Mochaai’stn_of action t- This diug increase the Calcium evel em the body. As Calcium cowbe Conkaction of head muscles. Thus Ahis dug incase Cardiac muscle Canlrachility @ increate Cardiac oulpak Uses 3- Ths drug % used to Areat Congeslve heard Jailve, Adverse affect 4 eGhwed vision Nayar vomiting eheadache * Skin Lesions | | / Ant-angina) drugs * Angina. ° e Pain or diseomfurl en chest ¢s called angina pectoris... ~ oft % the met cause of heart disease . at elt is Severe) Sudden pain in chest, save, neck & ams ~ « © (Laccats due fo fess om ply towards cardiac muscle » | @ Dasufficienf OXYGEN iP Coy onary blood jlo l2ads to jschomea. es na 6 ~ Thue are three types of angina Carding O Stable angina re Aga t- , Po Bhs a Aype of ‘enact pacn That happens wnihen your” “ covongey heart “heres oes (ome ox: fr Pbetsels 0 It mosly occur dung achivil (Kercise, Walk) & goes Wilh Del a J , ) . J “Y ®© unstable angina t- a ‘oft ts Q tmdition when por heart does met get enough, blood few £€ oxygen. JP can lead to haart attode, _ oH can nol gues qwoay with reshing- medication #8 must. ) Qa. 0! in, | Qngvnat— #5, due to Cstonan artery epasm As Carenary atteg SPP blood Towards haart J ods f 2 Thus there 7° fess blood & ony gen Teanga -lowatds heart } muscle that causes chest pain . * Aptianginal_ lugs Classification - 4 i-_Nicates . Nilroglyconne : > Peblockeas . Proprano) . 2 Laleivn Channels bolackess verapamil Ji a dug ased 40 4rd api . | inenacguine tics * eo This Crug ts taken Sublingual! , oY -lransdermal Palele- © TG dig i well absorbed ih bedy @ Tus diag distabated en the body wiithin 1-5 minutes @ Tis dug is melobolrd by fiver Jo Tis ding is excreted Ahiough orine . Pharmaccdynamécs * Mechanism of action +- © (COG 4 Nitrogly (enne —> ville ions ——» nilrates (yasodslHey) Jn vedy rniltegncenne +s Converted imlo-nitrates tthich ” és 4 vasodilatory “€ dilates Coonaey vessels. Jf also decrease heart ullork Qoad. Thus A cause Smooth Flow of blood & oxygen towards heat muscies wdses e This dug *s used to treat all types unstable € ~Varcant) Acuetse 2ffeck s- ° voted é Deming in Gus, hands Jace © Postordl hypotension of angina (Sable, e D fatness ° S—_ } LerapPamé| Channel blocker lug (y / x, This #$ & calivm Pharmatokinekics ¢ font- Thes diug ts well absorbed after oral entake.t Dishabution : Tuts a i undely dishibuted én body. Metabolism Mus drig ts metabolized by liver. © txcretinoe Thés diag ts axcieted through ueine. aon ics le ton of action t- adie cde When calcivm Jees inlo the musere e{ Cause masele Contraco, As verapamil *S Calcwm channe! blocker drug so it inbedsils enlery lof calcivor into the muscle ,thus Cause heart musel Pe F0lQK . Thus sncreqre the Supply of O & blood towards heart MmuUseOe. y 4 {yS@s_ 3- 4 Mas dug ts used to Lveat angina. («Tus dig ts useds lo trea pyportension, fe. Thes dug & used Co teal; areglhmuas . verse. ¢ ® Consiépat fon @ Severe hypatension © brady cardia ‘Cal distorbance SS eo ee : Antehypertonsion Ly per SION $— = Ugh bleed pressure ts called hypertension = cardiac oulpal x T ipheral Blood pressure = cardiac oa pat x Total 5 ee | BP = CO xTPR Gacline outpal - Quantity bleod pumped ‘by beat &n one minute. | tal peapsieal atta ancet- «3 | gE ts the amount of fore cxorted on Ceulating brood by dhe blood vessets- Cardiac outpal ax Co = Stoke volume ¢- . Volume of blot that es pemped out of Ber ventricles during cach Cmlracion vad (ale ’ No. of cantractions of heart per mnule Ackihy pertensiye diag si Dlups shat ave used to {eat lig blood pressure. - are callad antihyper(ensve dugs Hroke volume X Heart “] SV XR HR NS ag s tatra . ¥ seusprd vowel ‘or miiral Valve, venules Body Classefcatton of antehypertenseve drugs s—_ ’ Lt Bp o- Propranslol (See adrenergic antagonist) \ 2 oe : Prarosin (S26 adrenergic amtagonisl) 3 CO channel blocker verapamil (see anliang nq) ) ‘i ey ACE Mebs tors . Caploprl (Sea. CHF) £ Aagiotensin "CPtar aatagorns ~ losartan ( sée CFIF) £ Renin folechttor - Deki = (See. CHF) 4, Diuredics 2 nlayt f er: ‘or inten dase. An ql heart peat ts cated Qneg thm « do nal WOK Pr © Thus ether hear fs cated Cachyeardice Jhuh- e sa heart Vets’ Bhned mina. @ Sk occeits wthen rin signals thal help to heart beat noma Pr beats loo nae cated a or bo “a ial =) Normal heart beat \ ‘ Anythenie ty MAn tentials ° an In volage .aCross the Col membrane of heat cent ¢s Calleél action “Potential. © Ht occurs due to movement of 1005 joside & outside the cell, though ion Channels ( protein in on | + Kt (Opa) va a ih (epotart ation) a plates ‘ i i { | (ih) rien sfI— corkdtton, Cell membrane fesetitn Canfroction 2 Depolarration= Coriaction of coufmusele . ° Repojacciaton = Relaxation » oot fuse t (ro) a, 7 (c8n) platew oF 2 phase ¥ + 0 B (xtaat) & (nedin) $ Rapid sepolanra tion $ ‘ #y 90 4 Reshng phase ~— 4 Refractory penod Ate Time ‘ x Le i ficagte ry i ‘leu 2 : UL Ca chtnnc) Mader 5 . 4] class 41 locuer : Quhridine ° sal _ 3 feat 12) Class ers 3 V5 eer Propranolo! . r [3 Claw iO. CK rmanoet blocuer) YS Clases dege bhoelter Amiodarone Fo 2 [Sletns D (ca channet blocves) t verapam#) time - | od 15 a Clas 5, pat Panna Phamaconitartetcs - ocker dug yan arlcamnpthentc deff. ¢ This diag #5 well absorbed a af ter 1g admins} otion. Dishibuliags- — dh is Kidely clishbuted *y the body. Metaholiens- 4} ?s- metabolned by lever test tons = HS ecreted thiow sine. DI ‘odunam (cS 2 lech felon Ths od als on phase = & blocks Na’ Channels. Thas a event ent a Nat intoate cen £ as a resuH enicbas chpolarzaken. a ih re ses conraclelit af 4 heart muscles. Also decrease Veciaih » qulomalicih rarly & conduction velocity. USGs_2 0 @ {his dug ts widey used ta teat a varieyy of arcphoas. rerse effect. o Diahela, eheddache : ° Vomiling eo Nauseg . Amiedarn g 'S @ potasium channel blocker dug. ~ Phaimacokene lécs s— Absorption s- This diyg is sinter velely absorbed after oral administra j tion. AXo Laken Deve Dishidbuhorns- Tes oy” my distibuied in the body epecayy Tra) (pose issues ~ Maleholums- Tus dig *& melaboleed by iver. Lxcretton g- This drug *s Oxcreteo| thiow, unne . d tem “op GCticn + - emuseee, Tis dug act on 3rd Phase of cardiac action potential ¢ inkebits wupolaniation. As WM yesllt * cause increase the duration °F action potenbal as well as effete efraclory period (resting penod uthere heart doesmot respond (0 a Shmulus), USGS ¢- - e Thus dryg is Used to beal arythmeas- | Aduorse effects : © — Skin dixoloraton (as it cmlain indcre, Sfractoralty resemble C0 thyvoxin, $0 rodina aCcumatatimn Can oteur) ° Pholsen struily e Muscle weakness ° Direooss es Dia st adic e a iaxthec, s nga Jd 2) Consdipation voy Lavoe: : Hislaenine. >-fatimierohicl agent Metronidazole > pyar Ha Chistamine) ecepter blocuer = f ii > => e Lanclins analogue. a misoprostol =_ <2 2 - 7 Alumininn by dex: Mucosal _faratecdive ager! : Meat se 4 a (-nvda2ol 4 bt is an aohmicobia) agent sol Co_tveal *] pepe ulcer. °i paneer thee SS entsitt harmac ice te wet Noa: - . ae tapi (helicobacter Pyloyi) is a Grok ve ,bactene a that : cet: GIT. This alt seistoet chfuse inlo a bacteria and inluibits Protein synthe by iptecaclng a With DNA & Cause Slrasdl breakage, Thus s Cause death 4 bactera. a AES e St is used Ww teal Qaslic_uleer 4 ltt Qlto used @ (eat duodenal ulcer. omg _ (oss Metall id Cask ‘ 2. + Metalic Lashe. in rreuth- U ——e f is pa- ne Spi blocker dug ) Le fo ital pepe ulcer Dharma Cokioetics. : Siaaple : “4 H Sow ( 0, Sto LC 3 ec = u £ other site is famine. > i$ a0 10 alan A ‘ i ci fic al) = od _ wit L BS CH, é a}. es = ech Ian (evel in Cr. we = . Same As _™etromrdazole e 0 Use, cal [Link]-eso eal _re aS 4H is also used to teat 4 aphageal celiac = disease _Lacid Canes From stomach ate euphagis) = ADR. = Headache « Didingss =— Oiaa lea s Qy Oneprarole is proton pony raleibi sed Ui L_ pepe ales = Mis proton pony aluiblr dig used Co {real ulcer imple = 7 = —Phodanacodyanaanict:n. ——Moh.- i H "xt Alpase f pumps are preseal ang the mucosa) membyane of shmach Lhat Generate H’ ions Oengonazale olen = ——ieversi Jy lock this stat Afpass pump As a result thee teen padi gH OF ie a wep = Ties. - This dug is used ty (reat pots Leer: = iL quedencts eileev. This ug used oe Ane 2 ~Ymiting . Head chs e Dianiea Mast le. pon y Misoptastol . . tis a Prastagionctin andleque used to beat pephic uleer. ot Sopte wna i 1 A = i this dig bind wilh prostaglandins recep ous _preseal 00 weCal £ tnlubil id secre by increasig bicarbonate 2 snucus producti in _danach: USCS Sane 4 IDR :- * Oe e UGmpre Cotractioos @ Alegic reactions « Contraindicated_in pegasal Kbmen 4 Al lninu Xue 4 2s an_antacid that meittrife Siemath ach, w a Pha teaco: Kinghies :- Sipe Pharmac dynornics te a Mop s= Antacids ae ugk bases that react with acid * 6L bo fren water _& sqit that A atl avidly USES: Some. ADR: = Spit , ral fare Mis amucosal jproective agent used Co real Peptic Cot: - ven. QC rare - Simple ~ haunacochinamics, Sy qt creates a barrios thal nlisbits diffusion 4 Hcl = Yom mack. ilo body ie Hl prcvents pepsin fram degradalien bitarbonales, = 0 Uinulates lease q prostoglondns (0 sacuente by bicadgnaie pereduction = Li sés :- i= : Some. = ADR. = Simple . . = a a rT avy hy a »Diorthea occurs due Co increased G51 _amobihly, As a result there (s Joss of inator & electiotyles Fisca the body which produces fali qua, Inlealcness 2 dt occurs due © decrease_Abtorplicn of fluid in Body us to_-veat_chit 4 Anticnntilily age ts OMI | IA AA MARA RED NUT UN WW a alata 2 sor heat Aluminum hy doxide a [ Operamde JE %& an_aotimotinity agent, used to treat diarrhea harna. okinebice = Gmpie har: ami. ss MoA:- Actvalen of Porasympatiertic system of. aetyIchohne J Cause _fncrease in Git cmos lity. his ote sole h ifs acetylcholine release thus it inkehits porasym patuotic lens Thus decrease in hy tly. USOS:— [his duug is used (reat _diadnoa ADRs = é wonnitng .__headach KE + Ding = a 4 yee = i - sia > Aluminive, hydroxide » this dug act_as an adsorbent +hus Qbrerb walter EB fom gmat) & intestine large inteslng & nove ~ hart _back into +he beat Thus Yiseveinte veleare 4 water ke St is used “Co ae _dliawheq. s Jt is least Conmenly used dug » = 5 9 7 - . ¥ GL amtality dhus ave used to treat cenchpation 5 a Sthmalants € actante s— 7 Castey oil 2 Osmotic laxative a : lactulose ——2 —slool Saf ine Docucaie No" Sy oy 1 Mt is uscd as laxative agent ae 2 > , i g vi (ple te HES: — Jn the Small intestine Costa’ oil is converted ilo Ficinolic Acie) which is ued rarcioting © Somach. As _O yvetuk it imcreaw pestle This diup is _used Co reat _Comslipaiien. 7 Gy Lodu lose. { It is an asmotic (gxatve \ han \ | a al al al Single. _ | Ot is semisynthelic_disacchawce . ls brearcloun occur io the bowel lbich pull water oul” jim a d Softe ct, And thus amakes it easy @_Pass. Uses. i Ht is us. ea ons tipo Oy - oc OL ts & Sool Seffner agent , used (0 {cecal Constipation | A A\ 7) Al Zl al at a al os imple. har. iy ? : _ Lime. * AOR.- » Game, ¥ = —Y—§$_ A Cpe [Scopolamine It is an _Qate-muscanbic Cpacasynparhelg tr) agent _used io treat _emésir sin arma fe MuS Cornice ec resent 9 CIZ Cr Activa too of enuscanore vecePlar by acetylcholine Activates CT2Z Center & induce vomiting. Stepalening atmpos—t tampetes with Ach £ inluchify HG Lik Jagdad GS SI, iS |b] Gb) bb a) 8 Yecult bloc: Ci? Center Uses De sod Co treat motan Sickoes & ADR = Lame ot

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