9

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Similarity of Triangles
Mathematics - Grade 9
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Similarity of Triangles
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Kathlen Joy B. Becong
Editors: Sheila Mae S. Capareda, Editha C. Polinar.
Reviewers: Rosalito B. Pepito, Flora Mae O. Rosales
Illustrator: Kathlen Joy B. Becong
Layout Artist: Cesario C. Gualderama Jr.
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
Melanie P. Estacio - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Christine C. Bagacay – Chief – Curriculum Implementation Division
Maria Fe D. Sibuan – Education Program Supervisor – Mathematics
Lorna C. Ragos - Education Program Supervisor
Learning Resources Management

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region XI

Office Address: F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147
E-mail Address: [email protected] * [email protected]
 9

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Similarity of Triangles
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module is an instrumental material to be used by the learners
in the Public Schools. It is an initiative way to cope-with the goals
of continuing the education despite of the present situation.
It contains nine learning stages; each lesson always starts with the
presentation of Mathematical Concepts. From there the lesson
progresses through various well-rounded mathematical exercises.
The content of these exercises has been structured to suit not only
the age level of the learner but also his experiences at home and
in school. What the learner learned in the previous stages were
reinforced by the next stage. And the last stage is the Reflection,
this is a wall were learners will write his understanding about the
lesson.
As facilitator, you are expected to impart the learners on how to
use this module. It is also expected to track and record learners’
progress while allowing them to manage on their own pace. Lastly,
you are expected to guide and assist the learners as they engaged
the exercises in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Mathematics Self-Learning Module on (Similarity
of Triangles)!
This module was pattern to help you, learners, to achieve better
learning outcome and become prepared for the next grade level.
This is an approach that allows you learners to express and solve
mathematical problems in a meaningful and easiest way.

ii
 Let Us Learn!

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Illustrate similarity of triangles.
2. Proves the conditions for similarity of triangles.

Lesson

1 Similarity of Triangles

Let Us Try!
Let’s find out how much you already know about this topic. On a
separate sheet of paper, write only the letter of the choice that you think
best answers the question. Please answer all items.
̅̅̅̅ , which of the following is not true?
̅̅̅̅ ‖CA
1. ∆DBE ~ ∆CBA because DE
A
BE BD DE EA DC CA−DE
E a. = = CA c. = =
EA DC BA BC CA

BE BD DE BE BD DE
B b. = = CA d. = = CA−DE
C BA BC BA DC
D

2. What is the perimeter of a 30-60-90 triangle whose shorter leg is 5

inches long ?
a. 5√3 cm. b. 15 + 5√3 cm. c. 15 + √3 cm. d. 10 + 5√3 cm.

3. What similarity concept justifies that ∆LUV ~ ∆OWN?

U
W a. Right Triangle Proportionality Theorem
65⁰
9 6 b. Triangle Proportionality Theorem
6 65⁰ 4
c. SSS Similarity Theorem
L V O N d. SAS Similarity Theorem

4. Which of the following best supports ∆ABC ~ ∆XYZ?

A
X
50⁰

100⁰
100⁰ 30⁰ Y Z
B C
1
 a. SSS Similarity Theorem
b. AA Similarity Theorem
c. SAS Similarity Theorem
d. AAA Similarity Postulate

5. In the figure, there are three similar right triangles by Right Triangle
Proportionality Theorem. Name the triangle that is missing in this
statement: ∆ABC ~ ______ ~ ∆BDC
B
C a. ∆ABD
b. ∆BDA
c. ∆ABC
D d. ∆ADB
A e.

Let Us Study

Two polygons are similar if their corresponding angles are congruent

and their corresponding sides are proportional. Hence, two triangles are
congruent if and only if their vertices can be paired so that the corresponding
sides are congruent and the corresponding angles are congruent.
In this lesson, familiarize the properties of congruence.

Properties of Congruence
Reflexive Property : ∠A ≅ ∠A , ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
AB

Symmetric Property : If ∠A ≅ ∠B , then ∠B ≅ ∠A

̅̅̅̅ ≅ BC
If AB ̅̅̅̅ , then BC
̅̅̅̅ ≅ AB
̅̅̅̅

Transitive Property : If ∠A ≅ ∠B and If ∠B ≅ ∠C, then If ∠A ≅ ∠C

If ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
BC and ̅̅̅̅
BC ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CD , then ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CD

AAA Similarity Postulate

If the three angles of one triangle are congruent to the three angles of
another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.

Illustration
E F V
U If ∠E ≅ ∠U ; ∠F ≅ ∠V
∠G ≅ ∠W
Then, ∆EFG ≅ ∆UVW
G

2
 The illustration demonstrated the conditions of AAA Similarity
Postulate using markings to show congruence of three angles of ∆EFG~∆UVW.

AA Similarity Theorem
If two angles of a triangle are congruent to corresponding angles of
another triangle, then the triangles are similar.
Given: X
If ∠X ≅ ∠A
A
∠Y ≅ ∠B
Then, ∆XYZ ~ ∆ABC
B C
Y Z
Examples:

1. Tell whether the given triangles are similar.

a. b.
U O B
M
40⁰ 40⁰ 35⁰ 45⁰

40⁰ T 85⁰
N I
70⁰ O S 85⁰
N C P

Answers:
a. ∆MNO and ∆SUT are similar.
b. ∆COP and ∆NBI are not similar.

2. Identify the similar triangles in the figure and write a similarity

statement.
a. b.
C A
O
70⁰ E

T
50⁰ 60⁰
S
50⁰
P M C J
G
Answers:
a. ∆PCM ~ ∆TOS b. ∆CAJ ~ ∆GEJ

3
 3. Complete the column below by applying the AAA Similarity Postulate.
Given the figure, prove that ∆RIC ~ ∆DIN
Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅
RC ‖ ̅̅̅̅
DN Given
∠2 ≅ ∠6 Alternate interior
∠1 ≅ ∠4 angles are congruent
∠3 ≅ ∠5 Vertical angles are
congruent
∆RIC ~ ∆DIN AAA Similarity
Postulate

4. Complete the column below by applying the AA Similarity Theorem.

Given the figure, prove that ∆LUV ~ ∆WHY
L U W H
If ∠U ≅ ∠H; ∠V ≅ ∠Y
Then ∆LUV ~ ∆WHY
V
Y

Statements Reasons
∠U ≅ ∠H ; ∠V ≅ ∠Y Given
𝑚 ∠U ≅ m ∠H; 𝑚 ∠V ≅ m ∠Y Definition of congruent angles
𝑚 ∠U + m ∠V ≅ 𝑚 ∠H + m ∠V Addition Property of equality
𝑚 ∠U + m ∠V ≅ 𝑚 ∠H + m ∠Y Substitution Property of Equality
𝑚 ∠U + m ∠V + m ∠L = 180 ; The sum of the measures of the three
𝑚 ∠H + m ∠Y + m ∠W = 180 angles in a triangle is 180.
𝑚 ∠U + m ∠V + m ∠L = Transitive Property of Equality
𝑚 ∠H + m ∠Y + m ∠W
𝑚 ∠U + m ∠V + m ∠L = Substitution Property of Equality
𝑚 ∠U + m ∠V + m ∠W
𝑚 ∠L = m ∠W Subtraction Property of Equality
∆LUV ~ ∆WHY AA Similarity Postulate

SSS Similarity Theorem

If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, then the
triangles are similar.

Illustration
B Y
AB BC AC
If = YZ = XZ , then
XY
∆ ABC ~ ∆ XYZ.
X Z

A C

4
 SAS Similarity Theorem
If two sides of a triangle are proportional to the corresponding sides of
another triangle and corresponding included angles are congruent, then the
triangles are similar.

Illustration:
B Y
AB AC
If = XZ and ∠A ≅ ∠X ,
XY
∆ABC ~ ∆XYZ.
X Z
A C

Examples:

̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
1. Given: TO ̅̅̅̅ ≅ AR
CA , OY ̅̅̅̅ ,TY
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CR
Prove: ∆TOY≅ ∆CAR
C
T Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅
TO ≅ ̅̅̅̅ CA Given
̅̅̅̅ ‖AR
OY ̅̅̅̅ Given
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ‖CR
TY Given
A R ∆TOY ≅ ∆CAR SSS Similarity
O Postulate
Y
2. Given: ̅̅̅̅
DO ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CA , ∠DOG ≅ ∠CAT, ̅̅̅̅
OG ≅ ̅̅̅̅
AT
Prove: ∆𝐷𝑂𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐴𝑇
D C Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅
DO ≅ ̅̅̅̅CA Given
∠DOG ≅ ∠CAT Given
̅̅̅̅ ‖̅̅̅̅̅
OG AT Given
A ∆DOG ≅ ∆CAT SAS Similarity
O G T
Postulate
3. Complete the proof below by supplying the missing statements and
reasons.
PA CA
Given: SA = TA
Statements Reasons
Prove: ∠P ≅ ∠S a. Given
P ∠PAC ≅ ∠SAT b.
∆PAC ~ ∆SAT c.
S d. Definition of Similar
Polygons
A C Answers:
T
PA CA
a. SA = TA
b. Angle congruence is reflexive
c. SAS Similarity Postulate
d. ∠P ≅ ∠AST

5
Triangle Proportionality Theorem
If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle, then it divides the other two
sides proportionally.

Illustration :
V
̅̅̅̅ ‖̅̅̅̅̅̅
AB UW of ∆UVW. Then,
VA VB
A B =
AU BC
U W
Examples:
Solution:
1. x
x 4
=
12 6
12
6x = 4(12)
6 4 6x = 48
6x 48
=
6 6
6x 48
=
6 6

x =8

2. Proof
A

D 3 1 L

4 2
K M

Given: ̅̅̅̅
DL ‖ ̅̅̅̅̅
KM Statements Reasons
Prove:
AD
=
AL 1. ̅̅̅̅
DL ‖ ̅̅̅̅̅
KM Given
AK AM 2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2; Corresponding angles are
∠3 ≅ ∠4 congruent
3.∆DAL ~ ∆KAM AA Similarity Theorem
4.
AD
=
AL Definition of similar
AK AM polygons

Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem

An angle bisector of a triangle divides the opposite side into two
segments that are proportional to the other two sides of the triangle.

6
Examples:

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Given: ΔABC; ̅̅̅̅
BD bisects Given
∠ABC
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 An angle bisector is a ray in the
interior of an angle forming two
congruent angles.
3. Draw auxiliary line through Parallel Postulate: through a point not
A parallel to ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 (extend line on a point line there is only one line
⃡𝐵𝐶 ) parallel to the given line.
4. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 If two ‖ lines are cut by a transversal,
the corresponding angles are
congruent.
5. ∠1 ≅ ∠4 If two ‖ lines are cut by a transversal,
the alternate interior angles are
congruent.
6. ∠3 ≅ ∠4 Substitution
AD EB
7. CD = CB Side Splitter Theorem: If a line is
parallel to one side of a triangle and
intersects the other two sides, it
divides the sides proportionally.
8. ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
EB If two angles of a triangle are
congruent, the sides opposite the
angles are congruent (Isosceles
triangle).
9. AB = EB Congruent segments have equal
lengths.
10.
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐵
= 𝐶𝐵 Substitution
𝐶𝐷

In a 45-45-90 right triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is √2 times each

√2
leg l and each leg is times the hypotenuse.
2

7
Example 1. Find the length of the hypotenuse in the given 45-45-90 triangle.

a. b. c.

x e+f
13 x

13 x

Solution :
5√2
a. x = 13√2 b. x = c. x = (e + f) √2
4

Example 2. The hypotenuse of a right triangle ΔABC is 5cm. long. If the

remaining acute angles are congruent, compute to the nearest tenth the
length of its leg.

Solution:
By the 45-45-90 theorem,
hypotenuse = (length of the leg)(√2)

Solving for the length of the leg, divide both sides by √2.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
length of the leg = √2

Simplifying the radical,

ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 √2
length of the leg = 2

5√2
Thus, the length of the leg is ≈ 3.54 cm.
2

In a 30-60-90 right triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is twice the length
of the shorter leg and the length of the longer leg is √3 times the length of the
shorter leg.
To illustrate 30-60-90 triangle theorem, consider ΔABC as shown below.

A
BC (shorter leg) = x
30⁰
AB (longer leg) = x√3
x√3 2x
AC (hypotenuse) = 2x
60⁰
B C
x

Remember that the shorter leg is opposite 30⁰ and the longer leg is
opposite 60⁰.

8
Example 3. Given right triangle XYZ with ∠Y as the right angle. If m∠X = 30
and MR = 23 cm., find XY and XZ.

X
Solution:

30⁰

Y Z
23

Based on the stated conditions, YZ is the shorter leg, XY is the longer

leg and XZ is the hypotenuse.
Applying the 30-60-90 theorem, XY = 23√3 cm. and QR = 46 cm.

There are cases that in a particular problem the given is the length of
the longer leg or the length of the hypotenuse.

Example 4. In ΔLUV, UV = 7cm. Solve for LU and LV.

L U
60⁰

7 cm.

Solution: In 30-60-90 triangle theorem,

length of the longer leg = (length of shorter leg)(√3)
Dividing both side by √3,
length of longer leg
length of shorter leg = √3
Simplifying the radical,
(length of longer leg)√3
length of shorter leg = 3
7√3
Thus, if UV = 7cm. then LU = ≈ 4.04 cm. It follows then that LV =
3
8.08 cm.

Example5. The hypotenuse of 30-60-90 triangle is 12 √5 cm. What is the

difference between the lengths of the longer leg and the shorter leg?

Solution: Since the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter leg,
1
Length of the shorter leg = 2 (hypotenuse)
If the hypotenuse is 12(√5) cm., then the shorter leg is 6(√5) cm. and
longer leg is 6√15 cm. The difference between the lengths of the legs of the
right triangle is (6√15 - 6√5) cm. or approximately 9.82 cm.

9
 Let Us Practice
I. Write AAA similarity postulate, AA similarity theorem, SAS
similarity theorem, and SSS similarity theorem of the following
similar triangles.
1.
33⁰
100⁰

_________________________
33⁰ 47⁰ 47⁰ 100⁰

2.
41⁰

_________________________
39⁰
3.
10
T I
10

S M _________________________

4. P
O

8 16 14 28

J B _________________________
12
D E
21

Let Us Practice More

Use the figure to complete the proportion.

EN OH
1. = 5. = E
EH EY SY NH

NH SY
2. =
EY
N S
EN ES
3. = =
EO OT ET O T

ST NO H Y
4. =
ET

10
 Let Us Remember

Similar Polygons - are polygons with congruent corresponding

angles and proportional corresponding sides.
AAA Similarity Postulate – If the three angles of one triangle are congruent
to three angles of another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
AA Similarity Theorem – Two triangles are similar if two angles of one
triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle.
SSS Similarity Theorem – Two triangles are similar if the corresponding
sides of two triangles are in proportion.
SAS Similarity Theorem – Two triangles are similar if an angle of one
triangle is congruent to an angle of another triangle and the corresponding
sides including those angles are in proportion.
Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem – If a segment bisects an angle of a
triangle, then it divides the opposite side into segments proportional to the
other two sides.
Triangle Proportionality Theorem – If a line parallel to one side of a triangle
intersects the other two sides, then it divides those sides proportionally.
45-45-90 Right Triangle Theorem – In a 45-45-90 right triangle: each leg l
√2
is times the hypotenuse h; and the hypotenuse h is √2 times each leg l.
2
30-60-90 Right Triangle Theorem – In a 30-60-90 right triangle, the shorter
1 √3
leg s is the hypotenuse h or times the longer leg l; the longer leg l is √3
2 3
times the shorter leg s; and the hypotenuse is twice the shorter leg s.

Let Us Assess
R
X
Prove that ∆RAP ~ ∆MAX .
A

P M

Hints: Statements Reasons

1. Write in a proportion a. d.
the ratios of two
corresponding
proportional sides.
2. Describe included b. Vertical angles are
angles of the congruent
proportional sides.
3.Conclusion based on c. e.
the simplified ratios.

11
 Let Us Enhance

Let’s find out how much you already learn about this topic. On a
separate sheet, write only the letter of the choice that you think best
answers the question.

AC AM
1. = , which of the following data makes ∆CAM ~ ∆SAY by SAS
AS AY
Similarity Theorem?
S
a. ∠CAM ≅ ∠SAY
C
b. ∠ACM ≅ ∠ASY
c. ∠AMC ≅ ∠AYS
d. ∠SCM ≅ ∠YMC
Y
M A

2. Which proportion is correct?

T S
OS OV ST VW
O a. = c. =
OT VW OT OW

SV OS VW SV
V b. = d. =
W TW ST OW TW
c.

3. What is the perimeter of 30-60-90 triangle whose hypotenuse is 8 cm.

long?
a. 4 + 8√3cm. b. 24 + 8√3cm. c. 12 + √3cm. d. 12 + 4√3cm.

4. What similarity concept justifies that ∆AEH ~ ∆FEL?

E

a. Right Triangle Proportionality Theorem

b. Triangle Proportionality Theorem
A H
c. SSS Similarity Theorem
d. SAS Similarity Theorem
F L

12
 5. Which of the following pairs of solids will not always be similar?
a. Pair of spheres c. Pair of pyramids
b. Pair of cubes d. Pair of square prisms

Let Us Reflect

Having illustrated, proved, and verified all the theorems on similarity

on triangles, it will be useful in dealing with the problems and situations that
require applications for these principles.

13
 14
Let Us Assess
AR AP
a. =
AM AX
b. ∆RAP ≅ ∆MAX
c. ∆RAP ~ ∆MAX
d. Given
Let Us Enhance e. SAS Similarity Theorem
1. a
2. c
3. d
4. c
5. b
Let Us Practice More! Let Us Practice! Let Us Try!
1. ES 1. AAA Similarity Postulate 1. a
2. EH 2. AA Similarity Theorem 2. b
3. EO 3. SAS Similarity Theorem 3. d
4. TY 4. SSS Similarity Theorem 4. b
5. NS 5. d
Answer key to Activities
 References

Rivera, G. et. al (2006). Math Essentials Geometry. Victorious Publications, #52 E.S. Lopez
St., Panginay, Guinto, Bulacan
Bryant, M. et. al. (2014). Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material 9 (First Edition). Pasig
City, Philippines.

15
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI (DepEd- XI)

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147

Email Address: [email protected] *

[email protected]
16