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Introduction

Water turbines are mechanical devices that convert the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy, playing a vital role in hydroelectric power plants. They have evolved from ancient water wheels to modern turbines, with various types including impulse, reaction, axial flow, and radial flow turbines, each suited for different applications. Advantages of water turbines include being a renewable energy source, low operating costs, high efficiency, and reliability, with applications in hydroelectric power, irrigation, and water supply systems.

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12 views3 pages

Introduction

Water turbines are mechanical devices that convert the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy, playing a vital role in hydroelectric power plants. They have evolved from ancient water wheels to modern turbines, with various types including impulse, reaction, axial flow, and radial flow turbines, each suited for different applications. Advantages of water turbines include being a renewable energy source, low operating costs, high efficiency, and reliability, with applications in hydroelectric power, irrigation, and water supply systems.

Uploaded by

RD editar mh18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction

Water Turbines :
Harnessing the Power of Water for Renewable Energy Water turbines are mechanical devices
that convert the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. These turbines play a crucial
role in hydroelectric power plants, which generate renewable energy from the flow of water
in rivers, oceans, and tidal currents.

History of Water Turbines :


The concept of water turbines dates back to ancient Greece, where water wheels were used to
power grain mills. Over the centuries, water turbines have evolved significantly, with modern
turbines capable of generating hundreds of megawatts of power

Types of Water Turbines


There are several types of water turbines, including:

1. Impulse Turbines: Use the impulse of water to generate power.


2. Reaction Turbines: Use the reaction force of water to generate power.
3. Axial Flow Turbines: Use axial flow to generate power.
4. Radial Flow Turbines: Use radial flow to generate power.
Working Principle Of Different Types Of Water Turbine
1. Impulse Turbine ( Pelton Turbine)

- Working Principle: Impulse turbines use the impulse of water to generate power. Water is
channeled through a nozzle, creating a high-velocity jet that strikes the turbine blades,
causing them to rotate.
- RET Application: Suitable for high-head, low-flow applications, such as hydroelectric
power plants.

2. Reaction Turbine (Francis Turbine)

- Working Principle: Reaction turbines use the reaction force of water to generate power.
Water flows through a spiral casing and into the turbine blades, causing them to rotate.
- RET Application: Suitable for medium-head, medium-flow applications, such as
hydroelectric power plants.

3. Axial Flow Turbine (Kaplan Turbine)

- Working Principle: Axial flow turbines use axial flow to generate power. Water flows
through a propeller-like turbine, causing it to rotate.
- RET Application: Suitable for low-head, high-flow applications, such

Components of a Water Turbine


1. Runner: The rotating part of the turbine that extracts energy from the water.
2. Shaft: The rod that connects the runner to the generator.
3. Generator: The machine that converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical
energy.
4. Guide Vanes: The stationary vanes that direct the water flow onto the runner.
5. Draft Tube: The tube that carries the water away from the turbine.
Advantages of Water Turbines
1. Renewable Energy Source: Water turbines use a renewable energy source (water).
2. Low Operating Costs: Water turbines have low operating costs compared to fossil fuel-
based power plants.
3. High Efficiency: Water turbines can achieve high efficiency rates (up to 90%).
4. Reliability: Water turbines are reliable and can operate for extended periods.

Applications of Water Turbines


1. Hydroelectric Power Plants: Water turbines are used in hydroelectric power plants to
generate electricity.
2. Irrigation Systems: Water turbines are used in irrigation systems to pump water for
agricultural purposes.
3. Water Supply Systems: Water turbines are used in water supply systems to pump water for
municipal purposes.

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