ADVANCED CLINICAL PHARMACY
Submitted By: TAYYAB NADEEM
Submitted To: DR. MUHAMMAD FAWAD RASOOL
Enrollment Number: 66-E-19
Class/Section: Pharm-D / Evening
Session: Final Prof. (2019 - 2024)
Date: 11 December,2023
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
BAHAUDDIN ZAKARIYA UNIVERISTY, MULTAN
CONJUNCTIVITIS
INTRODUCTION:
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the clear
membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. This
condition can affect one or both eyes and is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection,
allergies, or irritants.
Here are some key points about conjunctivitis:
1. Causes:
- Viral Conjunctivitis: Often caused by the same viruses that lead to the common cold.
Adenoviruses are a common culprit.
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.
- Irritant Conjunctivitis: Caused by irritants like smoke, chlorine in swimming pools, or exposure to
chemicals.
2. Symptoms:
- Redness in the white of the eye and inner eyelids.
- Watery or thick discharge, which may be yellow or greenish in bacterial conjunctivitis.
- Itchiness or a gritty feeling.
- Swelling of the conjunctiva.
- Sensitivity to light.
3. Treatment:
- Viral Conjunctivitis: Typically resolves on its own without specific treatment. Antiviral
medications may be prescribed in severe cases.
-Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are often prescribed.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Antihistamine eye drops, avoiding allergens, and using cold compresses
may help.
- Irritant Conjunctivitis: Removing the irritant and using artificial tears can be beneficial.
4. Prevention:
- Practice good hygiene, including frequent handwashing.
- Avoid touching the eyes with hands.
- Avoid sharing towels, pillows, or other personal items.
- Vaccination (where available) for certain types of viral conjunctivitis.
5. Contagiousness:
- Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis can be highly contagious. It's important to practice good hygiene
to prevent the spread of the infection.
If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for an
accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. They can determine the underlying cause of the
condition and recommend the most effective course of action based on the specific circumstances.
Conjunctivitis
KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice)
Study Of Conjunctivitis among community
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) is an inflammation of the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and
eyeball. This membrane is called conjunctiva. When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become
swollen and irritated, they are more visible. This is what causes the whites of the eyes to appears
reddish or Pink.
Questionnaires
Section -1 (Demographics)
1. Age
Answer (……………………………….)
2. Gender
Male
Female
Not prefer to say
3. Area of Residence
Urban
Rural
4. Occupation
Employed
Unemployed
Businessman
5. Education Status
Student
Graduated
Non-Schooled
6. Study Subject
Medical
Non-Medical
None
7. Social Class
Upper Class
Middle Class
Lowe Class
8. Self-Reported Health Status
Good
Fair
Poor
9. Experienced conjunctivitis recently
Yes
No
10. If Yes then Specify
Answer (…………………………………)
Section 2 (Knowledge)
This section contains questions that will aid us to assess your knowledge about conjunctivitis.
1. Conjunctivitis is an eye infection commonly called “Pink Eye Flue”
Yes
No
2. It is commonly characterized by redness, discharge, or itching.
Yes
No
3. Eyes become swollen due to allergens or infectious agents
Yes
No
4. Virus can cause conjunctivitis
Yes
No
5. Bacteria can cause conjunctivitis
Yes
No
6. Allergens can cause conjunctivitis
Yes
No
7. Chemicals and irritants can cause conjunctivitis
Yes
No
8. Chemicals and irritants in smog can cause conjunctivitis
Yes
No
9. Conjunctivitis can be cured
Yes
No
10. The tears or discharge from the eyes are infectious
Yes
No
11. Conjunctivitis can be spread via close person contact
Yes
No
12. Conjunctivitis can spread by sneezing and coughing
Yes
No
13. Conjunctivitis can be spread by via touching surfaces and objects with germs and then back
to your eyes
Yes
No
14. Conjunctivitis can be transmitted by looking into the eyes of suffering person
Yes
No
15. Conjunctivitis can be cured by using traditional remedies
Yes
No
16. Over-wearing of contact lenses can cause Conjunctivitis
Yes
No
17. People with conjunctivitis must cover their mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing
respectively.
Yes
No
18. Higher level of Nitrogen Peroxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3) can cause Conjunctivitis
Yes
No
Section 3 (Attitudes)
This section contains questions that will aids us to study community’s attitude towards conjunctivitis
and its spread
1. Redness and discharge from the eye are a minor illness.
Strongly Agreed
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
2. Conjunctivitis can be self-limiting and does not need treatment
Strongly Agreed
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
3. The physician should be consulted only if the symptoms last for 2 weeks
Strongly Agreed
Agreed
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
4. Washing hands and hygiene are important in preventing in transmission of conjunctivitis
Strongly Agreed
Agreed
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
5. Cold pressure aid in alleviating the symptoms of conjunctivitis
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
6. Oral therapy is necessary to treat bacterial and viral conjunctivitis
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
7. Do you prefer traditional remedies over medication therapy to treat conjunctivitis?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
8. Do you prefer to use warm compress to reduce sticky build-up discharge on eyelids?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
9. Wearing sunglasses can protect you from Pink Eye Flu
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
10. During smog, wearing mask and sunglasses can protect you from Pink Eye Flu?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
11. Blowing warm air from one’s mouth while having a cloth over an eye can relieve pink eye.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Section 4 (Practice)
This explains the treatment practice of conjunctivitis among community.
1. Cleaning the eye with clean cotton from inside to outside in one direction is useful
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
2. One must use clean cotton and towel for each eye
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
3. Avoid rubbing and touching hands to eyes
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
4. Change pillow cases daily
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
5. Conjunctivitis should be treated with medication therapy and antibiotics
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
6. Salt water can help to treat bacterial conjunctivitis
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
7. Artificial tears can alleviate irritation and itching due to conjunctivitis
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
8. Remove discharge with warm water/ 6 hours
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
9. Wash eyes continuously/ 4 Hours.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
10. Observe the color of eye secretions frequently.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
11. One should prefer to go to a hospital to consult the doctor/Ophthalmologist
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
12. Prefer to use rose extract in the eyes
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
13. Prefer to consult a traditional healer
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
14. Prefer to use honey in the eyes
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
15. Prefer to use milk in the eyes
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
