Communications & Controls in IoT

EC5.204

Introductory Class

Instructors: Sachin Chaudhari and Aftab Hussain

Emails: [Link]@[Link]

March 01, 2024

 Background: Sachin Chaudhari
• Academics
– Associate Professor, SPCRC and SCRC, IIIT Hyderabad (Jul. 2021-onwards)
– Asst Prof., SPCRC, IIIT Hyderabad (Jan. 2015-Jun. 2021)
– Postdoc, Aalto University, Finland (2013-2014)
– PhD, Aalto University, Finland (2007-2012)
– M.E., IISc Bangalore, India (2002-2004)
– B.E., VNIT, Nagpur (1998-2002)
• Industry
– Senior Wireless Communication Engineer, Esqube Communications,
Bangalore (an IISc start-up) (2004-2007)
• Research Interests:
– Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Wireless Communication:
IoT for Smart Cities, 5G/6G, Satellite Communications
• Research Projects on IoT
– DST and PRIF: IoT Enabled Smart Cities: Pollution Health and Governance
– CoE on IoT for Smart Cities: Coordinator
– India’s First Living Lab for Smart City Research: Collaborator
– India’s 100 5G Use Case Lab: Coordinator

• Startup: HydrowVerse: co-Founder

 Background: Aftab Hussain
• Academics
– Asst Prof., IIIT Hyderabad (2018-present)
– Postdoc Fellow, Harvard University (2016-2018)
– MS+PhD, KAUST, Saudi Arabia (2011-2016)
– [Link], IIT Roorkee (2005-2009)

• Industry
– Design Engineer, Analog Devices India (2010-2011)

• Research Interests: Flexible electronics, sensor systems, smart cities,

IoT

• Research Projects
– Artificial muscles
– Pressure sensor mat
– 2-wheeler safety
– Water sensors
 Outline
• Course Intro
– Introduction to IoT
– Motivation and Importance
– Few of the IoT activities at IIITH

• Course Administration
– Syllabus
– Resources
– Evaluation
– Tutorials
Introduction and Motivation
 Internet of Things (IoT)
• [webopedia] The Internet of Things refers to the ever-growing network
of physical objects that feature an IP address for internet connectivity,
and the communication that occurs between these objects and other
Internet-enabled devices and systems.

Image: [Link]

• IoT extends internet connectivity beyond traditional devices such

computer and smart-phones to a diverse range of devices such as
thermostats, cars, lights, vending machine etc.
Differences between Computers and IoT Devices
Computers IoT Devices

• Main task is to compute and • Main task is not computing

run programs • Does specific application
• General purpose • Limited resources
• Significant resources • Cheaper, efficient and faster for
• Expensive one (or very few things)
• Example: iPad • Example: Washing Machine
How do you connect a thing to internet?

Sensor/Actuator

Communication
Microcontroller

Module
Internet

Battery
 Main Components of IoT

3: Cloud Computing and

Data Analytics (includes
AI/ML at Edge)
Sensor/Actuator

Communication
Microcontroller

Module

2: Communication
and Networking

Battery
4: UI/UX, Dashboard
1: IoT Device
 How does IoT work?

Picture Credit: [Link]

Why to connect a thing to internet?

Speaker+Mic Smart Speakers :

Amazon Echo / Google Home
[Link]

Shoes Smart Shoes

[Link]
person/
 Why IoT?
• Adds smartness to simple things
– To be smart, a thing doesn’t need to have super storage or a
supercomputer inside of it . All a thing has to do is connect to
super storage or to a super computer
– [Link]

• Consumers
– Ease of access from anywhere and anytime
– Efficient systems and reduced bills

• Companies
– Real-time monitoring and response
– Reduction in human errors
– Increase in productivity
– Predictive analysis
 Applications of IoT

Source: The Top 10 IoT Segments in 2018 based on 1,600 real IoT projects, IoT Analytics
 Rise of the IoT!

[Link]
 Companies in IoT (Only a few shown)

Everybody wants a pie of IoT!!! [Link]

Use Case: Nest Learning Thermostat

[Link]
 Use Case: Nest Learning Thermostat

• Founded in 2010 by former Apple engineers

• Learns what temperature you like and builds a schedule around
yours
• Google acquired Nest Labs for $3.2 billion in cash in Jan. 2014
 Thermostat?

Thermostat

Centralized Heating
[Link]
[Link]
 Use Cases: Amazon Dash

[Link]
 Use Cases: Amazon Dash

[Link]

• Started in 2015
• Replenishment services
• Discontinued in 2019
– Alexa
– Subscriptions
 Use Cases: Agriculture
• IoT based Soil-Crop-Atmosphere Screening
– monitor pH level, temperature, airflow, water, manure, fertilizers,
precipitation, nutrients and light
– ML based algorithms to solve problems
• Objectives
– Better crop selection and planning
– Optimized inputs, Irrigation and Fertigation Schedule
– Real time detection of diseases
– Pest control and enhanced yield
 Use Cases: Industrial IoT

[Link]

[Link]

• IoT refers to consumer IoT while IIoT refers to Industrial IoT

– IoT: simple and low-risk applications, low-cost sensors
– IIoT: sophisticated high-risk applications, precision sensors
• Applications for industrial IoT
– aerospace, defense, healthcare and energy
– Improving productivity, safety, reliability
 IoT: Necessity in Times of Covid
• Health
– Remote monitoring
– Telemedicine
– Compliance

• Getting manufacturing back on track

– Remote monitoring and control
What thing will you connect to the
Internet?
Few of the IoT Activities at IIITH!!!
IoT Enabled Smart Cities: Pollution, Health and Governance

DST and PRIF-Funded project

Sachin Chaudhari (PI)
Aftab Hussain
Kavita Vemuri
K. Rajan
Dr. Shailaja Tetali

6 papers published and

one patent filed
 Development for APM

• Developed a product quality low-cost pollution node

• Patents filed
• Deployed 40 more nodes in Gachibowli region (extended IIITH
region)
• Deployed 3 mobile nodes on GNITS buses
– Plan to deploy 7 mobile nodes in collaboration with easyCommute and
GNITS buses
• ML based calibration of PM sensors done
• Experiment with Gas sensors and their calibration going on
Web-based Dashboard
Deployment Photos
 Android Application
[Link]
 APM: Paths Travelled
GNITS
buses

Day-1 Day-2

Day-3 Day-4

Day-5, 7 Day-6,7
Other: CV and IoT-based APM (Without PM Sensors)

N. Nilesh, I. Patwardhan, J. Narang, and S.

Chaudhari, "IoT-based AQI Estimation using
Image Processing and Learning Methods," in
WF-IoT, Nov. 2022

• 5400 points collected over 7 days

• Accuracy: 82% and F1-score: 81%
Other: APM using traffic statistics (Without PM Sensors)

N. Nilesh, J. Narang, A. Parmar, and S. Chaudhari,

"IoT and ML-based AQI Estimation using Real-time
Traffic Data," in WF-IoT, Nov. 2022

• 15 locations and 2,10,000

data points

• Accuracy: 82.6% and F1-

score: 83.67 with RF

Algorithmic pipeline for the proposed methodology.

 Making Analog Water Meters Smart!

• Developed an IoT and Learning (ML/DL)-based low-cost retrofit

mechanism to digitize analog water meters to make them smart.
– Low-Cost (we are working on making it optimized in terms of looks, cost, and
robustness)
– Retrofit model
– ML/DL based algorithm converts images to digits and send data to server
– Patent Filed, Papers Published, Planning a start-up
• UG students enthusiastically worked and published an international
conference and filed patent on this
– Won the Water Challenge by the Telangana State Government
– Received many awards and praise
– NPCI Best Innovation Award 2024
[Link]
EdnoUOgmvrTfiGbFV7Oqi&index=5
23-24 mins
 IoT for Education: Remote Lab (RL)
• Sachin, Karthik, Prabhakar, Venkatesh, Aftab
• KCP Seed Grants 2021 and TIH-IoT-Fellowships 2023
• Motivation
– Lack of adequate laboratory facilities in many schools and colleges in
India, especially those located in the rural areas
– Situation exacerbated by COVID-19
• Idea
– Colleges having good infrastructure can share their resources
– A student performs an RL experiment by controlling the physical
apparatus of the experiment over the internet via a browser or an app.
• Advantages
– 24x7 availability
– Easier replication of equipment further enhancing scalability

• First experiment was made in CCIoT Monsoon 2020

• Theme of CCIoT projects in Monsoon 2021
 Objective
• Building RL experiments to address the problem of
allowing quality science and engineering laboratory
experiments to the vast number of students from
anywhere through the internet with the following goals
– Pedagogy, scalability, availability, safety, experience, cost

Browser Enabled
Remote Hardware Setup Dashboard
 Remote Labs
• Example of Kirchoff’s Law

*Blynk is an IoT platform with private clouds, device management, data

analytics, and machine learning tools.
 Example: Focal Length Experiment

Fig: Ray diagram for a convex lens Fig: Experiment setup

• Aim: To calculate the focal length of a biconvex lens by

observing image formation by the lens on an IoT-
enabled optical bench.
• Focal length of any lens can be calculated
1 1 1
= −
𝑓 𝜈 𝑢
• where v = Image distance, u = Object Distance, f = focal
Length
 Hardware Setup

Fig: Hardware Setup

Fig: Under the Setup

Apparatus
– Raspberry Pi
– Pi-camera
– Stepper motors
– A4988 Micro stepping driver
– Convex lens
– White screen
– Light emitting object
– Modular optical bench
 Dashboard

[Link]
Dashboard: Experiment Page

Session timer

Live Stream

Experiment
parameters and
buttons

Fig: Dashboard preview

 IoT Enabled E-bike chargers

• PI: Aftab Hussain

• Patent filed
• We have developed an E-bike charging system based on globally
recognized OCPP and OneM2M standards
• It is compact, and low-cost specifically focused on 2-wheeler charging
• In the process of being commercialized through a partner company
 Flexible pressure sensor array

• PI: Aftab Hussain

• Patent filed
• Flexible pressure sensor: We have developed a flexible pressure
sensor array that can provide real-time pressure distribution over a
large area
• We have incorporated a startup for commercialization of the product
 CoE on IoT for Smart Cities
• Jan. 2019 – Feb. 2023

• Supported by India-EU collaboration on ICT Standardization,

TSDSI and ETSI

• Faculty involved
– S. Chaudhari (Coordinator), A. Hussain, R. Loganathan, V. Garg, D.
Gangadharan, K. Vemuri, K. Rajan

• Activities Supported
– Knowledge initiatives: Tutorials, Hackathons, Workshops
– Research collaboration with LAAS-CNRS and INSA (Toulouse,
France), Bordeaux metropole, NTNU (Norway), LTU (Sweden) and
IITG
• Resulted in Living Lab project and Smart City Research Center
 Smart City Research Center: A Combine
• Software Engineering Research Center (SERC)
• Signal Processing and Communication Research Center (SPCRC)
• Center for VLSI and Embedded Systems Technologies (CVEST)
• Computer Systems Group (CSG)
• Centre for Building Sciences (CBS)
• Lab for Spatial Informatics (LSI)
• Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CIE)
• Technology Transfer Office (TTO)

• Use of emerging technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT)

• Focus on applied research
• Vision: To be one of top institutes in Smart City Research!
Team

And several
research students!!
Team
India’s First Living Lab for Smart Cities

Started April 2020

Campus Statistics
 LIVING LAB: a way to source smart cities innovation

• Testbed for smart city deployment

• Promote Startups
• Research in Smart City
• Local Solutions for Local Problems
• Datasets and AI/ML modeling for
Indian Scenarios

• Place for collaboration between

different stakeholders
 Key Stakeholders

Collaborators
CORPORATE PARTNERS SME/STARTUP PARTNER

Kristnam
Minion
Labs

Vacu
s
RESEARCH INSTITUTES/THINK TANKS KNOWLEDGE PARTNERS

TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS
 Living Lab: Themes

Water Monitoring and Non-revenue water

Distribution Quality

Crowd monitoring
Safety and Security Street Lights
Structural health of buildings

Air Pollution + Weather

Health
Social Distancing

Building Energy Efficiency

Energy Solar energy
Smart rooms
 Living Lab: Sensor Nodes
More than 300+ nodes deployed in
campus

Node Name No. of Deployed

Nodes
Air Quality 29
Water Flow 25
Weather Occupancy 7
Outdoor Air Quality Station
Energy Meter Weather Station 2
Energy Meter 50
Wi-SUN 60
Occupancy Water Distribution 18
Air Quality Solar 6
Smart Room AC 91
Crowd Monitoring 6
Water Quality Total 304
Smart
Water Flow Smart
Pole
Sanitizer
 Living Lab: Architecture

Water Quality/
Air Quality Quantity
Sensor Nodes Sensor Node

Wi-Fi/4G Wi-Fi/NBiot
Mobile
Weather Dashboard Alexa Interface
Application
Sensor Node

OneM2M
API
Server Layer
LoRaWAN 5G
Crowd
Monitoring
Energy Data Warehouse
Monitoring
Sensor Nodes Wi-SUN
Wi-Fi

Street Lights User/ Application

Smart Space
Sensor Nodes
 ❖ RF Mesh – Enables Last
Mile Connectivity for IOT
Data
Wi-SUN
❖ Control through
Deployment in Dashboard
Collaboration ❖ Self Healing Network
With Silicon Labs ❖ Interconnectivity through
oneM2M
 Dashboard Ready
Algorithms being built now

[Link]
 Start-up on Water Intelligence

Water Monitoring

Smart Retrofit for Monitoring Tank Water

Analog Water Meter Borewell Monitoring Level

Making Analog meters smart Water consumption Monitoring water

monitoring in borewell consumption of tanks

[Link]
 IoT Courses at IIITH

IoT Workshop (MTech CASE)

Introduction to IoT (2nd Semester CSE)
Embedded System Workshop (3rd Semester CSE)
Communication and Controls in IoT (4th Semester ECE)
Talent Sprint: [Link] (for professionals)
 Importance of this subject
• Solve relevant problems in Indian Smart Cities
• Opportunity to work in Smart City Research Center (SCRC)
– Sachin Chaudhari (SPCRC)
– Aftab Hussain (CVEST)
– Deepak Gangadharan (CSG)
– Karthik Vaidyanathan (SERC)
– Ramesh Loganathan (SERC)
• Startups!
– CIE
– Product labs
• Much more fun than theoretical subjects!
Course Details/ Logistics
 Syllabus (Tentative)
• Introduction to IoT
• Sensing and Actuation
• Microcontroller based Embedded System Design
• Interfacing of Sensors and Actuators
• Basics of Networking
• Communication Protocols
– WiFi/Bluetooth/Zigbee/LoRaWAN/NB-IoT,
• Data Protocols
– MQTT/CoAP
 Resources
BOOKS
• S. Misra, A. Mukherjee, A. Ray, Introduction to IoT, Cambridge,
2021
• P. Lea, Internet of Things for Architects, Packt, 2018
• Raj Kamal, Internet of Things, McGraw Hill, 2018
• O. Hersent, D. Boswarthick, O. Elloumi, The Internet of Things,
Wiley, 2016
• A. Bahga and V. Madisetti, Internet of Things, University Press,
2016

VIDEOS
• National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
and SWAYAM
– Introduction to Internet of Things, Sudip Misra, IITK
– [Link]
• Research papers and online content
 Course Portal
MOODLE: [Link]
Under Spring 2024
If you still need to get enroled, email us.

• News
• Discussion Forum
• Projects
 Teaching Assistants
• Vedant Nipane
• Sannidhya Gupta
• Vinkesh Bansal
• Brahad Kokad
 Projects
• Themes:
1. Remote Labs: Simple Pendulum (4) ; TA: Vedant, Faculty: Sachin
2. Current Consumption Analysis: Washing Machines (2) and UPS (2); TA:
Sannidhya, Faculty: Sachin
3. Smart Agriculture (4); TA: Vinkesh, Faculty: Aftab
4. LoRaWAN (4); TA: Brahad, Faculty: Aftab

• Team of 4 students
– TAs will circulate a form, please make your own teams
– Ideation by next week and project start in two weeks

• Funded project
– Teams will be reimbursed till maximum of Rs. 6 K per team for the
components purchased
– Check with lab if those components are already available
– Please consult the TAs and faculty before purchasing the project
specific sensors
– Bills should be proper and in the name of IIIT Hyderabad.
– Students will send soft-copy of bills to the faculty in advance.
 Exams and Evaluation
• Mark Distribution
– First Quiz (20)
– Final (40-50)
– Project (30-40)

• Grading: Relative (TBD)

 Questions?
• Talk to me regarding honors and DD!

• That’s all for today!

• Next class on Tuesday! Aftab will inform the timings!