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Data Analysis Techniques Explained

The document describes the different methods for analyzing quantitative and qualitative data, including descriptive statistics, parametric tests, multivariate analysis, and qualitative methods. It also discusses the use of programs such as Excel and SPSS to perform advanced statistical analyses and draw solid conclusions from the data.

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31 views5 pages

Data Analysis Techniques Explained

The document describes the different methods for analyzing quantitative and qualitative data, including descriptive statistics, parametric tests, multivariate analysis, and qualitative methods. It also discusses the use of programs such as Excel and SPSS to perform advanced statistical analyses and draw solid conclusions from the data.

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Data Analysis Example

How should information analysis be performed?

The analysis depends on the information that was collected. If


quantitative data was obtained, the analysis is performed in a
data matrix, table, graph or information box such as those
generated by Excel or the SPSS program.

The main types of quantitative analysis are the


following:

Descriptive statistics; Frequency distribution, measures of


central tendency, asymmetry, etc.

Scores; The degree to which an individual value deviates from


the mean on a scale of standard deviation units.

Reasons and rates. It is the relationship or proportion that


exists between two or more categories valued as a
percentage. The SPSS program is a magnificent tool for
obtaining high-level information. You have the option and
possibility to import previously captured Excel files and
transform them into valuable information that will give you
solid arguments and conclusions for your work.

Inferential statistics reasoning:

It is the determination of population parameters by means of


statisticians.

Parametric tests: Statistical instruments such as Linear


Regression and Pearson Coefficient.

Multivariate analysis: Mathematical methods for analyzing the


relationship between several independent variables and at
least one dependent variable. Among the most common
instruments we find: multiple regression, linear analysis, etc.
All of these parameters can be applied in SPSS, representing
very solid arguments.

These types of instruments are generally for advanced


research uses, however in thesis research, mainly at the
master's or doctoral level, they are implicitly necessary.

There are several statistical programs such as: SPSS for


Windows. MINITAB. In classic university thesis work at the
undergraduate or postgraduate level, it is very convenient to
use these programs, because the quality level of information
obtained is usually substantially higher than that obtained in
Excel.

Qualitative data analysis


If the information collected is qualitative, it will therefore be
analyzed qualitatively, without prejudice to the possibility of
extracting any particular quantitative information, such as
frequency, categorization or other similar information.
Qualitative analysis is not limited to narrative descriptions, it
can cover many other contexts such as the following:
Describing contexts or events. Reveal situations. Describe
patterns and explain them. Explain events and facts. Building
theories. In the SPSS program, it is possible to obtain
qualitative information conclusions by applying certain
parameters.

Determination of confidence intervals.

Confidence intervals for the mean or other statistical tool are


determined by taking into consideration only normal values
(according to Gauss' principles), so information that falls
outside the normal area is excluded, as it is considered
outside the standard trend. In the following graph, information
outside the bell curve was excluded (it represents 5% of the
sample; 95% is inside the bell curve).

Levels of significance. These are the values that fell


outside the confidence interval. Therefore, they are
complementary to the latter, as can be seen in the graph.
Its interpretation is summarized as; degree of probability of
making the mistake. The most common and statistically useful
is 5%.

Correlations

It is said that there is a correlation when the comparison


between two variables yields two possible results:

1 A perfectly positive correlation (or very close to that


behavior) when one of them increases in a certain
proportion, and the other also does so in the same or
almost the same proportion.
2 A perfectly negative correlation, when in proportion as one of
them increases, the other decreases proportionally.

Its degree of significance is proportional to the degree of its


behavior, for example if a variable with a perfect correlation
increases by 10, the other variable will also do so by 10. That
is, its significance is 100%, expressed as 1.
In another example, if one variable increases by 10, the other
increases by 7, its significance level is .07 or 70%. Referring
to the proportion

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