6 This question is about optical fibres.

(a) Optical fibres use light waves for communication.

Which of these is a correct statement about waves?

(1)

A waves transfer energy, information and matter

B waves do not transfer energy, information, or matter

C waves transfer energy without transferring information or matter

D waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter

(b) A ray of light passes from air into a glass optical fibre.

Diagram 1 shows the path of the ray of light after it has passed through the
boundary between air and the optical fibre.

(i) Draw the path of the ray of light in air before it passed through the boundary.
(1)

refracted ray

air

Diagram 1

(ii) State the name of the wave behaviour responsible for the path of the ray of
light as it passes from air into the optical fibre.
(1)
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9 This question is about waves.

(a) The diagram represents a wave.

(i) Determine the amplitude of the wave by measuring it with a ruler.

(1)

amplitude = .............................................................. cm

(ii) Determine the wavelength of the wave by measuring it with a ruler.

(1)

wavelength = .............................................................. cm

(b) Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

(i) Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that has a lower
frequency than microwaves.
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Microwaves travel at a speed of 3.0 × 108 m / s in air.

A microwave has a wavelength of 2.7 cm.

Calculate the frequency of this microwave.

[wave speed = frequency × wavelength]

(3)

frequency = .............................................................. Hz
(c) A student uses a microwave source and a receiver to investigate microwaves.

Photograph 1 shows how the student sets up their apparatus.

microwave

ruler

Photograph 1

The meter shows the strength of the microwaves detected by the receiver.

The strength of the microwaves is measured in arbitrary units.

The student varies the distance between the microwave source and
the receiver, and records the meter readings.
(i) Photograph 2 shows the analogue meter for one of the readings.

Photograph 2

Give the reading on the analogue meter.

(1)

reading = .............................................................. arbitrary units

(ii) The graph shows the results of the student’s investigation.

Distance in cm
The student concludes that the meter reading is inversely
proportional to the distance between the microwave source and
the receiver.
To be inversely proportional
meter reading × distance =
constant Comment on the student’s conclusion.
You should use data from the graph in your answer.
(4)
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(Total for Question 9 = 11 marks)

1 This is a question about reflection.

(a) Which diagram shows a light ray correctly reflected from a mirror?
(1)

mirror

mirror

(a) Name the equipment needed to measure the angle of incidence on a ray
diagram.
(1)

................................................................................................................................................................
......
 (c) Light from a laser on the Earth reflects off special mirrors on the Moon.

The graph shows the data from a light sensor attached to the laser.
The first peak shows when the light leaves the laser and the second
peak shows when the light has returned from the Moon.

(i) Determine the time taken for the light to travel from the Earth to the
Moon and back again.
(2)

time taken = .............................................................. s

(ii) The speed of light is 3.0 × 105 km/s.

Calculate the total distance travelled by the light from the laser.

[average speed = distance moved ÷ time taken]

(2)

total distance = .............................................................. km

(iii) Calculate the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
(1)

distance = .............................................................. km

( Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

(a) (i) Measure the angle of incidence for the ray at point K.

Which of these is the angle of incidence?

(1)
A 43°

B 47°

C 51°

D 55°

(ii) State the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and
angle of refraction.
(1)
(iii) The block has a refractive index of 1.52

Use the formula to show that the angle of refraction is about 30° for the
ray at
point K.
(3)
7 A student uses this method to investigate the speed of sound in air.

• set up an oscilloscope to detect and display a sound wave

• use a computer and a speaker to produce a sound of known

wavelength

• use the oscilloscope to determine the frequency of the sound wave

• use a formula to calculate the speed of sound

(a) Give the name of the equipment that should be connected to the
oscilloscope to detect the sound wave.
(1)

................................................................................................................................................................
......

................................................................................................................................................................
......

(b) The diagram shows the oscilloscope screen and the oscilloscope settings.

Oscilloscope settings y
direction: 1 square = 5
mV x direction: 1 square = 0.5
ms
(i) Determine the frequency of the sound wave.
(4)

frequency = .............................................................. Hz

(ii) The wavelength of the sound wave is 27 cm.

Calculate the speed of sound.

(3)

speed of sound = .............................................................. m/s

(iii) Describe how the oscilloscope could be adjusted to show fewer wave
cycles on the screen.
(2)

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(Total for Question 7 = 10 marks)