The circulatory system
The main transport system of human is
the circulatory system, a system of tubes (blood
vessels) with a pump (the heart) and valves to
ensure one-way flow of blood.
Its functions:
To transport nutrients and oxygen to the
cells.
To remove waste and carbon dioxide from
the cells.
To provide for efficient gas exchange.
The right side of the heart
collects deoxygenated blood form
the body and pumps it to the lungs.
The left side collects oxygenated blood
from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
The double circulation
Beginning at the lungs, blood flows into the left-hand side of the
heart, and then out to the rest of the body. It is brought back to
the right-side of the heart, before going back to the lungs again.
This is call a double circulation system, because the blood
travels through the heart twice on one complete journey around the
body:
one circuit links the heart and lungs.
the other circuit links the heart with the rest of the
body.
The importance of a double circulation
Oxygenated blood is kept separate from deoxygenated
blood.
The septum in the heart ensures this complete separation.
Oxygenated blood flows through the left side of the heart
while deoxygenated blood flows through the right.
Video Circulatory system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE8tGkP5_tc
# Structure and function of the heart
The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body. The
right side pumps blood to the lungs and the left side pumps
blood to the rest of
the body.
Chambers:
2 atria; right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA), receiving blood from
veins and squeeze it into ventricles.
2 ventricles; right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV), receiving blood
from the atria and squeeze it into arteries.
Valves: Semilunar; Tricuspid and Bicuspid
Associated blood vessels: Vena cava, Pulmonary artery,
Pulmonary and Aorta
Heart's function
Blood circulation
1. Blood in the right ventricle (RV) is pump to the lungs
2. Blood from the lungs flows back into the left atrium (LA)
and then into the left ventricle (LV).
3. Blood in the LV is pumped through the body (except for the
lungs)
4. Blood returns to the heart where it enters the right atrium (RA).
Muscular contraction
The heart is made of a special type of muscle called cardiac
muscle which contracts and relaxes regularly, throughout life.
The heart’s muscle is constantly active, so it needs its own blood
supply, through the coronary artery, to provide it with oxygen
and food.
Working of the valves
Valves in the heart prevent blood from being pushed backwards
up into the atria when the heart ‘beats’.
Animation: Heart Contraction and Blood Flow
How the heart pumps blood
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA0Wb3gc4mE
Try this
1. On a copy of the diagram of the double circulatory system, labell:
The 4 main blood vessels
The chambers of the heart
The 2 valves shown
2. State 2 differences in composition between blood
leaving the right ventricle and blood entering the left
atrium.
Answers:
1.
2. Bloodleaving the right ventricle has more CO2 and less O2
than blood entering the left atrium.
Common misconceptions
Remember that blood passing through the chambers of the heart
does not supply the heart muscle with oxygen or glucose. The heart
muscles has its own blood supply - via the coronary arteries - to do
this.
# Effect of exercise on heartbeat
A heartbeat is a contraction. Each
contraction squeezes blood to the lungs
and body. The heart beats about 70 times
a minute, more if you are younger, and the
rate becomes lower the fitter you are.
During exercise the heart rate
increases to supply the muscles with
more oxygen and food to allow the
muscles to respire aerobically and
they have sufficient energy to
contract.
Regular exercise is important to keep the
heart muscle in good tone and heart is more efficient in
maintaining blood pressure and risk of coronary heart
disease and stroke.
